4.2.3 Force Coefficients
3 Force Coefficients
The force coefficient for a set of
frames shall be calculated by
Cr= COg / e
.where
COg is the force coefficient for the set of
frames given in Figure 4.1, and
e is the solidity ratio calculated in
accordance with 4.2.4.
Alternately, Cr may be determined
using Appendix 4.A
Force coefficients are defined for
wind forces acting normal to the frames
irrespective of the actual wind direction.
C4.2.
Force coefficients COg are obtained
from Figure 4.1 (see C4.2.1.1) or
Appendix 4.A A single value is obtained
(4.2) for each axis of the structure. This value
is the maximum force coefficient for the
component of force acting normal to the
frames for all horizontal wind angles.
Although the wind direction is nominally
considered as being normal to the set of
frames' under consideration, the maximum
force coefficient occurs when the wind is
not normal to the frames (see C4.2.6.1
and 4A.1). The angle at which the
maximum force coefficient occurs varies
with the dimensions of the structure, the
solidity, number offrames, and frame
spacmg.
A method to estimate this angle is
given in the Appendix 4.A, which also
provides Cr values for a larger range of
SF/B and e values than Figure 4.1.
The force coefficients CDg were
developed for use on the gross area (i.e.,
- envelope area) of the structure as used by
the British wind loading standard
(Willford/Allsop). These are converted
to force coefficients which are applied to
solid areas as used in ASCE 7 by
Equation 4.2.
The force coefficients CDg were
developed from wind tunnel tests for
structures with a vertical aspect ratio
(ratio of height to width perpendicular to
the flow direction) of four. Although
4-7