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So in the previous article we have seen the behaviour of series RL, series RC and
series RLC circuits at steady state. In these free GATE 2018 Notes mainly we will
discuss about the behaviour of parallel RL, RC and RLC circuits in steady state. That
is, we will see the Sinusoidal Response of Parallel Circuits.
This GATE material can be used for GATE EE, GATE EC, BSNL, BARC, IES, DRDO
and other exams. You should have these GATE notes downloaded as PDF to have
your preparation made easy, so you can ace your exam.
Before you get to this topic though, do read up on the basics, the important concepts
that are used here. Don’t forget to read up on the important concepts you will need to
build the basics of this topic.
Recommended Reading –
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Thevenin, Norton & Tellegen Theorems
Superposition Theorem
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
Network Transients – 1
Network Transients – 2
Network Transients – 3
AC Transients
Magnetically Coupled Circuits
Duality of Networks
Network Theory Revision Test 1
Parameters of Periodic Wave Forms
Sinusoidal Response of Series Circuits
i. Parallel RL Circuits
V
IR = R
V V
IL = jωL = X ∠ − 90°
L
Phasor Diagram:
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∴ I = √IR2 + IL2
I
ϕ = tan−1 ( L ) = Impedance angle = Admittance angle
IR
IR
Power Factor, PF = cos ϕ = (lagging)
I
V
IR = R
V
IC = V(jωC) = X ∠90°
C
Phasor Diagram:
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I = √IR2 + IC2
I
ϕ = tan−1 (IC ) = Impedance angle = Admittance angle
R
IR
Power Factor, PF = cosϕ = (leading)
I
The analysis of parallel RLC circuit also analysed in three cases like series RLC circuit
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I = √IR2 + (IC − IL )2
I −IL
ϕ = tan−1 ( CI ) = Impedance (or) Admitance angle
R
IR
cos ϕ = PF = (leading)
I
I = √IR2 + (I𝐿 − IC )2
I −IC
ϕ = tan−1 ( LI ) = Impedance (or) Admitance angle
R
IR
cos ϕ = PF = (lagging)
I
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Lagging means current ‘I’ lags the voltage ‘V’
Case 3: If IL = IC then
Note:
In all the above phasor circuits always the angle between Voltage, V and Current, I is
ϕ.
Example:
Solution:
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= √82 + (18 − 12)2 = √64 + 36 = 10A
IR 8
Power factor = cosϕ = = 10 = 0.8
I
Example:
Solution:
V
I1 = V. jωC = X ∠90°
c
V V V V
I2 = R+jωL = 4+j.2.2 = 4.√2∠45° = 4√2 ∠ − 45°
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∴ I1 leads I2 by 900 + 450 = 1350
With this we have successfully completed the sinusoidal steady state analysis of
various circuits. In the next articles we will see the Power Relations in A.C. Circuits
and the behaviour of these circuits at resonance.
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