REPORTED SPEECH AND REPORTING VERBS

 REPORTED SPEECH

PRESENT SIMPLE/ CONTINUOUS PAST SIMPLE/ CONTINUOUS

“I’m leaving on Monday”, she said.
PAST SIMPLE/ CONTINUOUS
“He moved here five years ago”, Tom said.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE/
CONTINUOUS
“I’ve painted the living room”, he said.
She said (that) she was leaving on Monday.
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE/ CONTINUOUS
Tom said that he had moved here five years
before.
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE/ CONTINUOUS
He said that he had painted the living room.

WILL WOULD
WOULD WOULD
CAN COULD
COULD COULD
SHOULD/ OUGHT TO SHOULD/ OUGHT TO
MAY
POSSIBILITY MIGHT-POSSIBILITY
“I may be back later”, she said. She said that she might be back later.
PERMISSION COULD-PERMISSION
“You may wait in the hallway”, he said. He said we could wait in the hallway.

MIGHT MIGHT
MUST HAD TO
“You must pay by the end of the month”, she She said that we had to pay by the end of
said. the month.

 after present, future and present perfect reporting verbs (says, has asked) the verb
form is generally the same as in direct speech

John: I’ll help you.-> John says he’ll help you.

 We use “ say “ if there in no object . We use “tell” with an object.

They said you had left. / They told me you had left.

 pronouns (e.g. he, us ), place/ time words ( e.g. here, today) may change in reported
speech
NOW THEN/ AT THAT TIME
YESTERDAY THE DAY BEFORE
TODAY THAT DAY
TOMORROW THE NEXT/ FOLLOWING DAY
TWO WEEKS AGO TWO WEEKS BEFORE
LAST NIGHT THE NIGHT BEFORE
THIS THAT
THESE THOSE

 REPORTED QUESTIONS

WH- QUESTIONS

“Where have you been?” ,she asked. -> She asked me where I had been.

(question word+auxiliary vb+sbj+vb) (question word+sbj+vb)

YES/NO QUESTIONS

“Do you live near here?”,he asked. -> He asked me if/ whether I lived near here.

(auxiliary vb+sbj+vb) (if/ whether+ sbj+ vb)

 REPORTING VERBS

 to admit that : He admitted that he hadn’t studied at all.

 to explain that : She explained that she was late because the car had broken down.
 to suggest +vb-ing : He suggested buying her a bunch of flowers.
 to deny + vb-ing : He denied stealing the car.
 to remind someone (not) to do smth: I reminded her to take an umbrella.
 to warn someone (not) to do smth: He warned us not to go too near the animals.

INTERESTING VOCABULARY (PAGE 42)

STRANGE TO LOOK TO WALK IMPORTANT TO FALL

unusual glare = a privi creep= a se vital trip = a se
unconventional dusmanos furisa major impiedica
glance = a se wander= a collapse = a se
uita in treacat hoinari prabusi