Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction
As human life develops, construction and housing industry continues to occupy
the top list of priorities of modern communities planners. In many countries,
especially in developing countries, population increase in a rapid rate on small areas
of land, this make the vertical housing expanding of a high necessity. This project
introduce a sample design a multi-story building, trying to describe how a typical
multi-story building is designed in the Gaza Strip, how severe conditions such as wind
and earthquakes are resisted in the design of multi-story buildings, and how to
introduce a full engineering guide for workers in the field during project achievement.

1.2 Project aim and objective

1.2.1 Aim Goals

The main aim is to introduce a full design of a multi-story building , and

to give a sample of vertical expanding housing as a solution of expected future
housing problems.

1.2.2 Objectives
The aim could be achieved though following
1- Calculating the main loadings on a multi-story building.
2- Analyzing the structural elements of the building using various software
packages.
3- Designing all the relevant structural elements in the building using ACI
code .

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1.3 Methodology
The following methodology was followed in this project:

1.3.1 Data Collection Phase:

In this phase, all data needed for the success of the project were collected. Data
collected in this phase can de divided into two main categories:
 Field data that describe the nature of the project, its architectural details, the
field data such as soil tests, the main components of the project and the
primary imagination of the suitable structural system to be used.
 Technical data such as design requirements, loads expected methods, and
equations of design.

1.3.2 Data Analysis

Data collected in the previous phase were arranged and analyzed in this phase.
Field data analysis helped in understanding the project requirements, and
generating a structural system for the building. Technical data were the guide for
improving the structural system through understanding how equations and
design methods will be applied to the structure.

1.3.3 Design of Structural Elements

In this phase, main structural elements were designed, using the version of
ACI code 318.

1.3.4 Preparing Sketches and Details Drawings

Full detailed Architectural, Structural &detailing drawings were prepared in
this phase. this phase is one of the most important phases of the project, since it
gives a shortened description of the whole project using the language of figures.
A high level of care was considered during this phase.

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1.3.5 Project Finalization

In this phase, a descriptive report was prepared to show, in details, the total
work of the project, this includes a sample calculation sheet of the designed
structural elements .
1.4 The project description
This project is a multistory multipurpose building consists of eleven-stories above the
ground and one-story below the ground that is used as a garage area
see figure (1.1). The built-up area of the building is (1094) m2 and the height of
building is (44.34) m. Table (1.1) shows the area of story's with their function.
Table (1.1): Function of Stories

Story Area Function

Basement Floor 1083.83 m2 Garage

Ground Floor 600.5 m2 Services

1st to 10th Floor 654.6 m2 Residential

11th Floor 643 m2 Residential

Roof Duplex 180 m2 Residential

Figure (1.1): Vertical section of building

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1.5 Code of practice

ACI Code 318-14 was used for the design of all elements of the project and UBC 97
for analysis Earthquake loads and ASCE7-10 for wind loads.

1.6 Organization of the project

The work in this project was done in the academic year (2017-2018). The first three
chapters include introduction, descriptive general information about materials and
load on structure, while the fourth chapter describes design codes and considerations.
And he fifth chapter describes design of structural elements, Calculation sheets
are enclosed in the sixth chapter.

1.7 Selected system

In this project, many structural system types were chosen to resist different types of
loads, to achieve stability and design requirements.
The structural system types and their function were selected as following :

1. Basement Wall: was choose to resist soil pressure at some position for the
bedroom.
2. Raft (mat) footing: was choose to resist gravity loads (dead and live load) and
increase rigidity of the building.
3. Shear Walls structure: was choosing to resist lateral force, which is a very
adequate system for loading from structure to clay soil.
4. Beam-Column Frame was chosen to carry the floor loadings.

1.8 Used Software Programs:

The following software's were used:
1. Robot: structural analysis program is used to analyze beams, ribs, staircases,
shear walls and basement walls.
2. Safe: analysis program is used to analyze mat foundation.
3. Microsoft Office (Word, Excel): used to prepare reports and calculation sheets.
4. AutoCAD: prepare drawings.

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5. 3D-Max: used for presentation requirement to illustrate architectural and

structural elements