Key Terms:

alimentary canal, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, accessory digestive organs, ingestion,

propulsion, peristalsis, mechanical breakdown, segmentation, digestion, absorption,
defecation

lumen, mucosa (mucous membrane), lamina propria, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

(MALT), muscularis mucosae, submucosa, submucosal nerve plexus, muscularis externa,
circular layer, myenteric nerve plexus, longitudinal layer, sphincters, serosa (visceral
peritoneum), adventitia, enteric nervous system

salivary glands, saliva, salivary amylase, lysozyme, bolus, mucus

gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter

mastication, deglutition, buccal phase, pharyngeal-esophageal phase

stomach, chyme, rugae, pylorus, pyloric sphincter, oblique layer of muscularis externa,
gastric pits, gastric glands, gastric juice, mucous neck cells, parietal cells, hydrochloric
acid (HCl), intrinsic factor, pernicious anemia, chief cells, pepsinogen, pepsin,
enteroendocrine cells, gastrin, histamine, mucosal barrier

cephalic (reflex) phase, gastric phase, G cells, intestinal phase, enterogastric reflex,
enterogastrones, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK)

liver, hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, hepatic veins, common hepatic duct, cystic duct,
bile duct, liver lobule, hepatocytes, central vein, portal triad, liver sinusoids, stellate
macrophages (Kupffer cells), bile canaliculi, hepatitis, cirrhosis, bile, bile salts,
enterohepatic circulation, bilirubin, gallbladder

pancreas, pancreatic islets, acini, pancreatic juice, main pancreatic duct, bicarbonate ions,
trypsinogen, trypsin, protease, pancreatic amylase, lipases, nucleases, secretin,
cholecystokinin (CCK)

small intestine, duodenum, hepatopancreatic ampulla, hepatopancreatic sphincter, jejunum,

ileum, ileocecal valve, circular folds, villi, lacteal, microvilli, brush border, brush border
enzymes, enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, intestinal crypts, Peyer’s
patches, intestinal juice

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