GENERAL, DESIGN, 2.

To prevent back flow of

& CONSTRUCTION PROVISION FOR used water into the
water supply system.
PLUMBING CODE
The Drainage system should
ADDITIONAL INFO: have accomplished the
following:
Plumbing
1. Fast removal of the
- The “plumbing” of a waste with a minimum
building, as the term is probability of leakage
commonly used, includes and stoppage of drains.
the pipes for 2. To prevent the entry of
distributing the water house vermin and obnoxious
supply,' the fixtures gases into the house from
for using water, and the pipping system.
drainage pipes for
removing waste water and Mandatory Requirements for a
sewage, together with Drainage System
fittings and All plumbing Design and
appurtenances of various installations are governed by
kinds, all within or a set of rules and
adjacent to the limitations prescribed by the
building. National Plumbing Code, which
provides that:
Objectives of Plumbing: “All drainage system must
Two main objectives of conform with a set of
Plumbing requirements enumerated as
follows”:
1. To supply water to
different parts of the 1. That, all pipe joints
building. must be well fitted and
2. To remove and discharge tightly connected with
human wastes and other each other to prevent
substances out of the leakage of gas and
building into the public liquid.
sewer or septic tank. 2. That, the drainage pipe
should be graded or
Conditions for an effective inclined properly for a
water supply in Building downward gravity flow of
1. To provide sufficient water towards the main
amount of water to sewer line or to the
supply each fixture. septic tank.
 3. That, the drainage pipe Section 708- GRAVITY DRAINAGE
should be provided with REQUIRED
adequate cleanout,
Where practicable, all
accessible for repair in
plumbing fixtures shall be
case of stoppage
drained into the public sewer
4. The drainage system must
or private sewage disposal
be provided with
system by gravity.
ventilation pipe that
will convey gases to the
atmosphere where it can
do no harm to human Section 120l - SEWER REQUIRED
health. Every building in which
5. That, except for water plumbing are installed and
closet, each fixture every premises having
shall be provided with drainage piping thereon,
suitable trap that will shall have a connection to a
prevent back flow of public or private
gases. excreta sewerage system.,
6. That, the drainage except as provided in
system must be vented, Subsections 1201.2 and
to avoid siphonage or 1201.4
back flow of the water
seal.
THERE ARE THREE DEGREES OR STUDIES SHOWS:
GRADES OF WASTE WATER - Most of the water borne
1. Storm Water- from the diseases such as
rain. dysentery, typhoid,
2. Grey Water- wastes from diarrhea and other
laundries, wash basins, intestinal disorders are
sinks, showers, bath tubs). prevalent in areas where
3. Black Water- water plus there is no proper
human waste solid and SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM.
liquid, urine, that is
flushed out of - Daily average volume of
toilets and urinals. human waste or excreta
is about 80 grams of
feces & 950 grams of
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION urine.
CODES:
- Rate if water dilution
about 30 to 100 gallons
per day to form sewage.
TYPES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
1. CESSPOOL
2. PRIVY
SIZE OF THE SEPTIC TANK
3. SEPTIC TANK
Sanitary authorities
4. PUBLIC SEWER LINE agreed in principle that:
1. For a family of 6
persons, the minimum
tank capacity should be
CONSTRUCTION OF THE SEPTIC approximately 1.3 cubic
TANK meters wit h a minimum
size of 90cm wide by
septic tanks is 150cm long and 120cm
constructed from either of depth
the following materials:
2. The size of the tank is
1. Reinforced Concrete proportionally based on
2. Plastered concrete the number of persons
hollow blocks expected to be served.

3. Prefabricated asbestos 3. For residential

installation, the
4. Thin metal and plastic practice is to allow 5-6
GENERAL CONDITIONS IN cubic feet of tank
CONSTRUCTING A SEPTIC TANK volume per person. (e.g)

1. Septic Tank usually NOTE:

constructed in a Where large amount of water
rectangular form. waste is coming from the
2. Minimum inside dimension shower bath, laundry and
of a septic tank is 90 others, it is not advisable
cm wide by 150 cm long. to permit entry of these
waters into the septic tank.
3. For effective Likewise, all downspout
decomposition of organic collecting water from the
materials inside the roof, should not be allowed
septic tank, a 120cm to terminate into the septic
depth of liquid content tank. RAINWATER SHOULD BE
is necessary. Just not CONVEYED TO THE STORM DRAIN.
deeper than GWT.
4. Manhole.
Ex. Determine the size of a
septic tank to serve 200
persons in a commercial
tank shall observe the
establishment
following considerations
• Assume 1.2m width of
tank per 100 person
• Max depth is 1.50m
• L= Digestion chamber
• l/2= leaching well
A motel with toilet and bath,
and kitchen facilities will
serve a maximum of 100
persons. Determine the
capacity and dimensions of
the septic tank.
Use Formula V=1.125+.75Q
LOCATION OF SEPTIC TANK
location of the septic
1. The septic tank may be
located closer to the
building it will serve,
providing a minimum
distance of 2 meters
from outside the wall.
2. As much as possible, the
septic tank should not
be located closer to the
doors or windows.
3. Septic tank should be at
least 15 meters away
from any source of water
supply. Farther the
better.

Cleanouts shall placed inside

the- building near the
connection between the
building drain and the
building sewer or installed
outside the building at
the lower end of the building
drain and extended to grade
Two-way clean-out fitting
installed ………. . SECTION 1207
The ideal position of
horizontal water pipe, were
those installed at 2% slop.
Meaning, the pipe was
installed with an inclination
ratio of 2 centimeters per
meter length.
(e.g. a 3meters pipe
installed will have an
inclination of 3x2=6cm.
THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE ON
THE SIZE OF WASTE PIPE
PROVIDES THAT:
“THE WASTE PIPE DIAMETER
SHALL BE ADEQUATE ENOUGH TO
SERVE THE INSTALLATION OF
FIXTURES IN A GENERAL WAY,
BUT THE BEST WAY IS TO FIT
THE DIAMETERS OF COMMERCIAL
PIPE INTO THE FIXTURE PATTERN
IN THE MOST EFFICIENT
MANNER.”
The fixture UNIT
The National Plumbing
Code strongly indorsed the
use of fixture Unit Value as
waste load in determining the
size of the waste Pipe.
The test result showed
that a wash basin being one
of the smallest fixtures,
DISCHARGE WASTE AT
APPROXIMATELY ONE CUBIC FOOT
OF WATER PER MINUTE INTERVAL.
Committee finally
decided to establish the
‘UNIT FIXTURE’ and called the
water discharge as One
Fixture Unit. = 1 cubic foot
of waste discharged in one private bathrooms in hotels
minute.’ and hospitals, to rest rooms
in commercial
GENERAL CONDITIONS IN
establishments for restricted
CONSTRUCTING A SEPTIC TANK
use, single fixture or group
1. Septic Tank usually of single fixtures
constructed in a and to similar installations
rectangular form. where the fixtures are
intended for the use of a
2. Minimum inside dimension family or an individual ……
of a septic tank is 90 SECTION 217.18
cm wide by 150 cm long.
3. For effective
decomposition of organic 1. WATER CLOSET
materials inside the 2. LAVATORIES
septic tank, a 120cm 3. URINALS
depth of liquid content 4. ETC.
is necessary. Just not
deeper than GWT.
4. Manhole.

Example:
Determine the size of a
horizontal waste pipe to
serve 5 urinals, 3
lavatories, 8 showers and 2
slop sinks.

"private" applies to plumbing

fixtures in residences and
apartments, to