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Abstract: According to recent survey by WHO organisation 17.5 million people dead each year. It will increase to 75 million in the year
2030[1].Medical professionals working in the field of heart disease have their own limitation, they can predict chance of heart attack up to 67%
accuracy[2], with the current epidemic scenario doctors need a support system for more accurate prediction of heart disease. Machine learning
algorithm and deep learning opens new door opportunities for precise predication of heart attack. Paper provideslot information about state of art
methods in Machine learning and deep learning. An analytical comparison has been provided to help new researches’ working in this field.
Keywords: Machine learning, Heart Disease, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Neural Network, SVM and Deep Learning.
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I. INTRODUCTION and its various data types under various condition for
predicating the heart disease, algorithms such as Naive
Heart disease has created a lot of serious concerned among Bayes, Decision Tree, KNN, Neural Network, are used to
researches; one of the major challenges in heart disease is predicate risk of heart diseases each algorithm has its
correct detection and finding presence of it inside a human. speciality such as Naive Bayes used probability for
Early techniques have not been so much efficient in finding predicating heart disease, whereas decision tree is used to
it even medical professor are not so much efficient enough provide classified report for the heart disease, whereas the
in predicating the heart disease[3]. There are various Neural Network provides opportunities to minimise the error
medical instrumentsavailable in the market for predicting in predication of heart disease. All these techniques are
heart disease there are two major problems in them, the first using old patient record for getting predication about new
one is that they are very much expensive and second one is patient. This predication system for heart disease helps
that they are not efficiently able to calculate the chance of doctors to predict heart disease in the early stage of disease
heart disease in human. According to latest survey resulting in saving millions of life.
conducted by WHO, the medical professional able to
correctly predicted only 67% of heart disease [2]so there is a This survey paper is dedicated for wide scope survey in the
vast scope of research in area of predicating heart disease in field of machine learning technique in heart disease. Later
human. part of this survey paper will discusses about various
machine learning algorithm for heart disease and their
With advancement in computer science has brought vast relative comparison on the various parameter.It also shows
opportunities in different areas, medical science is one of the future prospectus of machine learning algorithm in heart
fields where the instrument of computer science can be used. disease. This paper also does a deep analysis on utilization
In application areas of computer science varies from of deep learning in field of predicting heart disease.
metrology to ocean engineering. Medical science also used
some of the major available tools in computer science; in II. LITERATURE REVIEW
last decade artificial intelligence has gained its moment
because of advancement in computation power. Different researchers have contributed for the development
MachineLearning is one such tool which is widely utilized of this field. Predication of heart disease based on machine
in different domains because it doesn’t require different learning algorithm is always curious case for researchers
algorithm for different dataset. Reprogrammable capacities recently there is a wave of papers and research material on
of machine learning bring a lot of strength and opens new this area. Our goal in this chapter is to bring out all state of
doors of opportunities for area like medical science. art work by different authors and researchers.
In medical science heart disease is one of the major Marjia Sultana, Afrin Haider and Mohammad
challenges; because a lot of parameters and technicality is ShorifUddin[4] have illustrated about how the datasets
involve for accurately predicating this disease. Machine available for heart disease are generally a raw in nature
learning could be a better choice for achieving high which is highly redundant and inconsistent. There is a need
accuracy for predicating not only heart disease but also of pre-processing of these data sets; in this phase high
another diseases because this vary tool utilizes feature vector dimensional data set is reduced to low data set. They also
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IJRITCC | August 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 8 XXX – YYY
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show that extraction of crucial features from the data set DECISION TREE
because there is every kind of features. Selection of
important features reduces work of training the algorithm Decision tree is a graphical representation of specific
and hence resulted in reduction in time complexity. Time is decision situation that used for predictive model, main
not only single parameter for comparison other parameters component of decision tree involves root, nodes, and
like accuracy also play vital role in proving effectiveness of branching decision. There are few approaches for building
algorithm similar. An approach proposed in[4] have worked tree such as ID3, CART, CYT, C5.0 and J48 [7] has used
to improved the accuracy and found that performance of the approaches to classify the dataset using J48, similarly [8]
Bayes Net and SMO classifiers are much optimal than MLP, have compared decision tree with classification output of
J48 and KStar. Performance is measured by running other algorithm. Decision tree is used in those area of the
algorithms (Bayes Net and SMO) on data set collected from medical science where numerous parameters involved in
WEKA software and then compared using predictive classification of data set.
accuracy, ROC curve, ROC value. Since decision tree is most compressive approach among all
Different methods have their own merits and demerits in machine learning algorithm. These clearly reflect important
work done by M.A.Jabbar, B.L Deekshatulu, Priti Chndra features in the data set. In heart disease where number of
[5], an optimisation of feature has been done to achieve parameter affect patient such as blood pressure, blood sugar,
higher classification efficiency in Decision Tree . It is an age, sex, genetic and other factor. By seeing decision tree,
approach for early detection of heart disease by utilizing doctor can clearly identifies the most effecting feature
variety of feature. These kind of approach can also be utilize among all the parameter. They can also generate the most
for other sphere of research. Other than decision tree various affecting feature in the mass of population. Decision tree is
other approach where adopt for achieving the goal of perfect based on entropy and Information gain clearly signifies the
detection of heart disease in human Yogeswaran Mohan importance of dataset. Drawback of decision tree is that it
et.al [6] have collected raw data form EEG device and used suffers from two major problems over fitting and it is based
to train neural network for pattern classification . Here input on greedy method. over fitting happened due to decision tree
output are depressive and non depressive categories in the spilt dataset aligned to axis it means it need a lot of nodes to
hidden layer scaled conjugate gradient algorithm is used for spilt data, this problem is resolved by J48 explained
training to achieve efficient result. authors have got in[7]based on greedy method lead to less optimal tree, if
efficiency up to 95% with help of trained neural network dynamic approach is taken it lead to exponential number of
watching the success of neural network researches working tree which is not feasible.
in the domain of SVM have used this technique to classify SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM)
and achieve more better result in case where the feature
vector are multi dimensional and non linear these method A SVM performs classification by finding the hyper plane
defeated all other existing quantum contemporary that maximise the margin between two classes. The vectors
techniques because it has capability to work under dataset of that define the hyper plane are the support vectors[9]
high dimensionality.
Steps for Calculation of Hyperplane
After going through majority of state of art technique we
have pointed out certain loop holes existed in them. Some of 1. Set up training data
them are discussed below 2. Set up SVM parameter
3. Train the SVM
There is wide need for more robust algorithm
4. Region classified by the SVM
which can minimised the noise in the dataset
5. Support vector
because medical dataset may consists of various
types of redundancy and noise in them.
Usage of the SVM for data set classification has its own
Recently with advancement in deep learning there advantages and disadvantages. Medical data set can be non
could be chance to enhance efficiency and accuracy linear of high dimensionality by observing properties. It is
for detection heart disease clear that SVM would be one of the favourite choices for
Dimensionality of medical dataset is very high classification. Some of the advantage to select the SVM for
these put ergs to find such algorithm which can classification choice.
compress and reduce higher dimensionality, 1. Firstly regularisation parameters which avoid
resulting in gaining execution time. problem of over fitting which one of the major
III. MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR challenges is in decision tree.
HEART DISEASE PREDICATION 2. Kernel tree is used to avoid the expert knowledge
Machine learning is widely used artificial intelligence tool in through the knowledge of kernel
all major sector of application, with advancement in
processing power machine for learning.
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IJRITCC | August 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 8 XXX – YYY
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. SVM is an efficient method because it utilize 𝑀𝑖𝑛 = ( 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑦𝑖 𝑝 )1 𝑝 (3)
convex optimisation problem (COP) which mean it Grouping of sample is based on super class in the KNN
has doesn’t local minima reduction of sample is the result of proper grouping which is
4. Error rated is tested which provide a greater used for further training. Selection of k value plays a pivotal
support after misclassification of dataset role, if the k value is large then it precise and less noisy.
All the above features could be useful for medical diagnose The algorithm for KNN is defined in the steps given below
dataset which is resulting in building more efficient
predication system for the doctor. It doesn’t mean it has all Rr
1. D represents the samples used in the
good side .coin has always two side on the other side it has
training and k denotes the number of
best feature removal of over fitting problem is quite
nearest neighbour.
sensitive and it need optimizing parameter flaw in
2. Create super class for each sample
optimisation may result in error and may cause over fitting.
class.
3. Compute Euclidian distance for every
training sample
4. Based on majority of class in
neighbour, classify the sample
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