Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Sep. 2014
ASCOMP
www.ascomp.ch
lakehal@ascomp.ch
Turbulence modelling
RANS equations & models →
RANS Modelling: Equations
t x j
uj 0
p
t
ui
x j
ui u j
xi x j
ij u 'i u ' j Fb
( CpT ) T
t
. CpT u j
x j x j
' u ' j Q "'
( C ) C
t
. C u j
x j Sc x j
c ' u ' j C "'
Dk / dt ... P
D / dt ...
The Two-Layer (TLK/TLV) models in TransAT:
t C k l ; k 3/2 / l
t v '2 l , ; v '2 k / l ,
TLV variant (v’-based)
1.33 yn
l , 0.33 yn ; l ,
1 2.12 / v ' yn
2
(Rodi, Mansour)
v ' 2 / k A R y 2 B R y ; R y k yn /
Non-linear (EASM) stress-strain relations
4
2
𝑢′𝑖 𝑢′𝑗 = 𝑘𝛿𝑖𝑗 − 2𝜇𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑗 + 𝐶 𝑛 𝑇𝑖𝑗𝑛 𝑆𝑖𝑗 , Ω𝑖𝑗
3
𝑛=1
1
𝑇𝑖𝑗 = 𝑆𝑖𝑘 𝑆𝑘𝑗 − 𝑆𝑙𝑘 𝑆𝑘𝑙 𝛿𝑖𝑗
1 3
𝑇𝑖𝑗 2 = Ω𝑖𝑘 𝑆𝑘𝑗 + Ω𝑗𝑘 𝑆𝑘𝑖
1
𝑇𝑖𝑗 = Ω Ω
𝑖𝑘 𝑘𝑗 − Ω Ω 𝛿
3 3 𝑙𝑘 𝑘𝑙 𝑖𝑗
2
𝑇𝑖𝑗 = S𝑘𝑖 Ω𝑙𝑗 + S𝑘𝑗 Ω𝑙𝑖 − 𝑆𝑘𝑚 Ω𝑙𝑚 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝑆𝑘𝑙
4 3
n 1
k T
' u 'i C1 u 'i u 'k GGDH
xk
k T u
' u 'i C1 u 'i u 'k C2 ' u 'k i WET
xk xk
EASM & GGDH, WET and Full AFM
4
k
u 'i u ' j 2 / 3k ij 2 t Sij C Tij ( Sij , ij ) C gi u j g j ui
n n
n 1
t T
' u 'i EVM
Prt xi
k T
' u 'i C1 u 'i u 'k GGDH Or SGDH if EASM terms are not active
xk
k T ui
' u 'i C1 u 'i u 'k C2 ' u 'k WET
xk xk
k T u
' u 'i C1 u 'i u 'k C2 ' u 'k i C3 gi 2 i Full AFM
xk xk
The simplified AFM, with algebraic eq
𝑘 𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑈
𝜃𝑢𝑖 = −𝐶 𝜃 𝑢𝑖 𝑢𝑗 𝜕𝑥 + 𝜉𝜃𝑢𝑗 𝜕𝑥 𝑖 + 𝜂𝛽𝑔𝑖 𝜃 2 + 𝜀𝜃𝑖
𝜀 𝑗 𝑗
𝐷𝜃′2 𝜕 𝛼𝜃 𝜕𝜃′2 𝜕𝑇
= 𝛼+ − 2𝑢′𝑗 θ′ − 2𝜀𝜃
𝐷𝑡 𝜕𝑥𝑗 𝜎ℎ 𝜕𝑥𝑗 𝜕𝑥𝑗
1 𝜀
𝜀𝜃 = 𝜃′2
ℛ 𝑢′𝑖 𝑢′𝑖
• Inflow-outflow
• Re= 12.000
• a =-6,-3,0,3,6
deg.
• Exp: CSTB (1992)
• k- model & WF‘s
Global forces results
EASM Models: Flow recirculation in BFS
44
7
7
6
5
52
10
7
EASM (TransAT) vs. RSM results (FLUENT):
RANS & EASM results (TransAT):
EASM models: Turbulent pipe flow
Re=31000
EASM models: Turbulent pipe flow
Re=5300
EASM models: Rotating pipe flow
Re=1000
Turbulence modelling
RANS heat transfer examples →
TLV Models: Impinging Jet on a hot surface
CFX t=0.33s
TransAT t=0.33s
TLV Models: Impinging Jet on a hot surface
Experiment
TLV Models: Impinging Jet on a hot surface
EASM/GGDH Models: Open & closed cavities
Nu
20
40
15
20 10
5
0
0
1,E+05 1,E+06 1,E+07 1,E+08 1,E+09 -60 -40 -20 0 20
Ra α
Validation note: The AFM in TransAT captures well the TH boundary layer for turbulent
flow conditions (Ra=107 and 108) as compared to Hanjalic et al., 1996, though it returns
a laminarized solution for (Ra=106), probably due to the choice of the low-Re model.
AFM models: Heated cavity at #Ra
Hanjalic et al., IJHMT, 1996
Ra=106
A sort of re-laminarized solution,
probably due to (1) the choice of the
low-Re model, or (2) the value of R.
Ra=107 Ra=108
AFM models: Heated cavity at #Ra
Hanjalic et al., IJHMT, 1996
Conclusion: Only the AFM (with GGGD & WET) returns a turbulent solution. The turbulent transport occurs
due to the gradients of q2 mainly; the GGDH and WET don’t make differences alone in this context. This
conclusion may be different for shear-dominated flows, with heat transfer though (e.g. heated channel
flow)
Turbulence simulation
LES, VLES & DES →
RANS v.s LES & V-LES
K or f(Hz)
LES cut-off: kD ~ Dx
: can be treated with a 0-Eq. model
LES: Filtered NS Equations
u . u u p .
i i j
t
SGS tensor
( CpT )
CpT u T q
j
"
t
t
SGS flux
ij ui u j ui u j
qt" Cp Tu j T u j
LES: SGS modelling basics
SGS models: ij Rij L ij Cij ; R ij ui
'u'
j
R 2 S 1 / 3 R
1. Smagorinsky model ij sgs ij ij ll
2. Dynamic procedure
3. Wale model sgs f (Cs D )2 2 Sij Sij
4.
5.
VMS procedure
One-equation (DES) Cs ~ 0.1, or, (Cs D) f Sij
"
Near-wall models:
qt Cp R j L j C j ; R j u ' '
j
1. Werner-Wengle WF’s u' ' a T / x
2. Schumann WF’s j j
3. Van Driest damping
4. Su & Schumann a sgs / Prt , or, a (C D )2 T
damping
Prt ~ 1, or, a f Sij , T , j
LES: SGS Modelling (Dynamic Flow & Heat)
DSM SGS model extended to heat transfer for Pr> 1 & <1 flows
sgs ( CsD )2 2 Sij Sij
a sgs / Prt , or, a (C D )2 T
(Cs D )2 1 ij L M L M
;(C D )2
ij j j
2 M M M M
ij ij j j
2
D
Lij 2(Cs D )2 S Sij S Sij ; M ij S Sij S Sij
D
2
D T T T T
Lj (C D )2 S S ; M j S S
D x j x j x j x j
2
D T T
Prt (Cs D )2 S S T
D x j x j
Turbulence simulation
LES & VLES examples →
LES & V-LES of flow across a fuel bundle
• IST grid
• Fully periodic
• Re= 10.000
• Exp. Data: Baracouda & Simonin (1997)
LES & V-LES of flow across a fuel bundle
LES & V-LES of flow across a fuel bundle
LES: u’ v’ w’
VLES: u’ v’ w’
LES vs. V-LES & Experiment
LES of flow past an array of cubes
• Periodic in x & y
• Re= 4.000
• Exp. Data: Meinders &
Hanjalic (1999)
LES of flow past an array of cubes
LES of Thermal stipping in a T-junction
Time average velocity profiles at various locations of the horizontal channel (X/B=0, 1 and 2)
Time average and R.M.S. temperature profiles at various locations of the channel (X/B=0, 1 and 2)
LES of the flow past a finite cylinder