Fathi Elldakli

A waterflood producer has been completed at a plugged back depth of 8,872 ft. It
has 7 in. O.D., 26 lb/ft casing cemented through the pay zone. The pay is perforated
from 8,730-ft. to 8,870 ft. The midpoint of the perforation is at 8,800 ft. The well
has 6,034 ft. of 2 7/8 in. O.D. tubing installed. Pump intake is at 6,000 ft.
from the surface. The well is currently being produced with a conventional pumping
unit. The daily liquid production is 180 bbl. of 34 API oil 52.5 bbl. of 1.02 specific
gravity water. Sour gas is being produced up both the tubing and the tubing casing
annulus. The tubing gas production is 20 mcfpd, and the annulus gas production is
100 mcfpd. Its specific gravity, G, is 0.80. The amount of hydrogen sulfide can be
described as moderate. The producing casing pressure is 60 psia. The producing
fluid level in the annulus is 5,000 ft. from the surface. The shut-in casing pressure is
300 psia, and the shut-in tubing pressure is 40 psia. The shut-in fluid level in the
annulus is 3,000 ft. from the surface. The well does not produce any sand.

Problem One: Determine the producing bottomhole pressure.

Problem Two: Determine the shut-in bottomhole pressure.
Problem Three: Determine the desired liquid production by calculating the well liquid
capacity at a reduced producing bottomhole pressure of 185 psig, or 200 psia.
Problem Four: Determine the conventional beam pumping equipment required to
produce the desired liquid found in solving Problem Three.
Pwf

SBHP
Problem one: Determine the producing bottomhole pressure(Pwf).

𝑃𝑤𝑓 = 939 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 q = 180 + 52.5 = 232.5 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑑

Problem Two: Determine the shut-in bottomhole pressure
SBHP = 2550 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎

Problem Three: Determine the desired liquid

production by calculating the well liquid capacity at a
reduced producing bottomhole pressure of 185 psi, or
200 psi.
Calculate the dimensionless number 𝑃𝑤𝑓 /𝑃𝑟 𝑞𝑂 /(𝑞𝑜)𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑃𝑤𝑓 /𝑃𝑟 939/2550=0.368

𝑞𝑂(𝑃𝑤𝑓=939) /(𝑞𝑜)𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.82

𝑃𝑤𝑓 /𝑃𝑟 200/2550=0.0784

𝑞𝑂(𝑃𝑤𝑓=200) /(𝑞𝑜)𝑚𝑎𝑥 =0.98

𝑃𝑤𝑓 /𝑃𝑟 939/2550=0.368 𝑞𝑂(𝑃𝑤𝑓=939)
= 0.82
(𝑞𝑜)𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑞(𝑝𝑤𝑓=939) = 232.5 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑑

𝑞𝑂(𝑃𝑤𝑓=200)
𝑃𝑤𝑓 /𝑃𝑟 200/2550=0.0784 = 0.98
(𝑞𝑜)𝑚𝑎𝑥
q =? 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑑
𝑞𝑂(𝑃𝑤𝑓=200)
(𝑞𝑜)𝑚𝑎𝑥 0.98 𝑞𝑂(𝑃𝑤𝑓=200) 0.98
=
𝑞𝑂(𝑃𝑤𝑓=939) = 0.82 𝑞𝑂(𝑃𝑤𝑓=939) 0.82
(𝑞𝑜)𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑞 0.98
=
232.5 0.82

𝑞𝑂(𝑃𝑤𝑓=200) = 278 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑑

Problem one: Determine the producing bottomhole pressure(Pwf).
𝑞(𝑃𝑤𝑓=939) = 232.5 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑑
Problem Two: Determine the shut-in bottomhole pressure
SBHP = 2550 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎

Problem Three: desired liquid production at a reduced producing

bottomhole pressure 200 psia.

𝑞(𝑃𝑤𝑓=200) = 278 𝑏𝑏𝑙/𝑑

Problem Four: Determine the conventional beam

pumping equipment required to produce the desired
liquid found in solving Problem Three.
𝑆 = 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡, 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑁 = 𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑, 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
𝑆𝑃 = 𝐵𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡, 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
𝐷 = 𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, inches
𝐶 = 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

Assume a volumetric efficiency of 70 percent.

PD = 278 BLPD/O.70 = 397 BLPD

𝑃𝐷 = 0.1166 ∗ 𝑆𝑃 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝐷2

Assume 𝑆𝑃 = 0.75* S
D = 1.75 in

397 = 0.1166 ∗ 0.75 ∗ 𝑆 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 1.752

Pump intake = 8730 – 15 = 8715 ft
397
𝑆∗𝑁 = = 1482.4
0.1166 ∗ 0.75 ∗ 3.0625

1482.4
𝑁=
𝑆
 1482.4 𝑆 ∗ 𝑁2 𝑁∗𝐿 L: pump intake, ft
𝐶= 𝑁/𝑁𝑜 =
𝑁= 70500 245000
𝑆
C: acceleration factor 0.225< C < 0.3 𝑁/𝑁𝑜 : Dimensionless pumping speed factor,
nontapered rod
S N C N/No
16 92.65 1.948 3.296
42 35.30 0.742 1.256
48 30.88 0.649 1.099
Select S=145 and N=10.22
54 27.45 0.577 0.977
124 11.95 0.251 0.425
144 10.29 0.216 0.366
145 10.22 0.215 0.364
168 8.82 0.186 0.314
Grade D rods should not be used in this hydrogen sulfide environment, an alternative is to
investigate Oilwell E rods, or equivalent.
These rods are said to allow a maximum dynamic stress of 50,000 psi, regardless of the load
range, providing the well is effectively inhibited. The minimum yield strength for Oilwell E rods
is 60,000 psi. A 0.9 safety factor limits this to a maximum
stress of 54,000 psi.
Design for 𝑁/𝑁𝑂′ ≤ 0.35 and 𝐹𝑂 /𝑆𝐾𝑟 ≤ 0.5 These two factors will control, and c, the
acceleration factor, will be less than 0.225.
Fc: Frequency factor >1 from table if you know the rods
Assume 1.1
𝑁/𝑁𝑂′ : Dimensionless pumping speed factor,
𝑁/𝑁𝑂 0.364
𝑁/𝑁𝑂′ = = = 0.33 tapered rod
𝐹𝐶 1.1
𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎 𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔:
𝐺 = 1.02

𝐹𝑂 = 0.34 ∗ 𝐺 ∗ 𝐷2 ∗ 𝐻

𝐹𝑂 = 0.34 ∗ 1.02 ∗ 1.752 ∗ 8715 = 9256 𝑙𝑏.

𝐹𝑂 = 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠

𝑆𝑃 = 0.75 ∗ 𝑆 𝑆𝑃 /𝑆 = 0.75
 𝑁/𝑁𝑂′ = 0.33

𝑆𝑃 /𝑆 = 0.75

𝐹𝑂 /𝑆𝐾𝑟 = 0.44
𝐹𝑂
: 𝐷𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟
𝑆𝐾𝑟
𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑

𝑆𝐾𝑟 : 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑦

𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑜𝑑
𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡

𝐾𝑟 : 𝑺𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍

𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒌𝒆𝒓 𝒓𝒐𝒅 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠
𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐
𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒄𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒌𝒆𝒓 𝒓𝒐𝒅 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉
 𝐹𝑂 9256
𝐹𝑂 /𝑆𝐾𝑟 = 0.44 𝑆𝐾𝑟 = = = 21036 𝑙𝑏
0.44 0.44

𝑆𝐾𝑟 21036
𝐾𝑟 = = = 145.08 𝐾𝑟 : 𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑆 145 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜
𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
1 1
𝐸𝑟 𝐿 = = = 0.00689
𝐾𝑟 145.05

𝐸𝑟 𝐿 0.00689 𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑟 : 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔,

𝐸𝑟 = = = 0.791 ∗ 10−6
𝐿 8715 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡

𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎 𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔

𝑖𝑛
D = 1.75 in 𝐸𝑟 = 0.791 ∗ 10−6
𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡
 D = 1.75 in
𝐸𝑟 ≤ 0.791 ∗ 10−6

85 ?

𝑊𝑟 = 2.138 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡

𝐹𝐶 = 1.201
1: 29.6%

7
: 30.4%
8
3
: 29.5%
4
5
: 10.5%
8
𝐸𝑟 = 0.738 ∗ 10−6
 Check the calculated stress against the allowable stress.
𝑊 = 𝑊𝑟 ∗ 𝐿 𝑊: 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑖𝑟, 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠
𝑊 = 2.138 ∗ 8715 = 18707.5 𝑙𝑏
𝑊𝑟𝑓 = 𝑊 ∗ 1 − 0.128 ∗ 𝐺 𝑊𝑟𝑓 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛
𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑, 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠
𝑊𝑟𝑓 = 18707.5 ∗ 1 − 0.128 ∗ 0.892 = 16571.55 𝑙𝑏 𝐺𝑂+𝑊 = 0.892

𝐹𝑂 = 9256 𝑙𝑏. 𝐸𝑟 = 0.738 ∗ 10−6

1 1
𝐸𝑟 𝐿 = 𝐾𝑟 = = 154.85
𝐾𝑟 0.738 ∗ 10−6 ∗ 8715
𝑆𝐾𝑟 = 145 ∗ 154.85 = 22454 𝑙𝑏
9256
𝐹𝑂 /𝑆𝐾𝑟 = = 0.412
22454