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A. Multiple Choice (I), choose the best one as the answer. (20/0 each)
1. Accuracy is defined as: (a) The closeness of a measured value to the real value.
(b) A measure ofhow often an experimental value can be repeated. (c) The number of significant figures
used in a measurement. (d) None of these.
2. What is the difference between the endpoint and equivalence point in a titration?
(a) The endpoint is when the pH is exactly 7. (b) The equivalence point is when the pH is exactly 7. (c)
The endpoint and the equivalence point are the same thing.
(d) None of these answers is correct.
3. Which of the following tests can be considered specific in itself for identification purposes? (a) Thin-layer
chromatography. (b) Mass spectrometry. (c) Gas chromatography. (d) Electromagnetic radiation.
4. Column chromatography separates molecules according to their (a) Molecular size. (b) Solubility. (c)

Polarity. (d) Matrix.

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5. In column chromatography, why is the buffer important?
(a) It is the membrane that supports the matrix is the column. (b) It is the material that fractionates the
chemicals in the sample. (c) It controls the pH of the sample so the shapes of the molecules won't change.
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(d) It conducts the electric charge.
6. In gel electrophoresis, why is the buffer important?
(a) It is the membrane that supports the matrix is the column. (b) It is the material that fractionates the
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chemicals in the sample. (c) It is the solvent in which the samples are dissolved. (d) It conducts the
electric charge and controls the pH.
7. Which type ofliquid chromatography separation depends on interactions between solute, mobile phase,
and immobilized liquid stationary phase?
(a) Adsorption. (b) Partition. (c) Ion-exchange. (d) Size exclusion.
8. Increasing the quantity of stationary liquid phase applied to the column packing will in general, eve~hing
else being the same, (a) Decrease the retention time for a solute. (b) Increase the retention time for a solute.
(c) Increase or decrease depending upon the boiling point of the solute. (d) Not influence the retention time
for a solute.
9. In the gas chromatography of complex samples, weakly-retained solutes may be separated poorly or not at
all, while strongly-retained solutes may exhibit long retention times. These problems are often solved
experimentally by which of the following procedures? (a) Increasing the diameter of the column. (b)
Decreasing the solid support particle size. (c) Gradient elution. (d) Temperature programming.
~ O. Capillary columns are sometimes preferred in gas chromatography over packed
columns because they (a) are easier to prepare in the laboratory. (b) prevent detector overloading. (c)
permit easier injection. (d) have higher resolving power.

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B. Multiple Choice (II), choose the best one as the answer. (2% each)
1. The solubility product for the silver salt AgX is 4.0(±OA) x 10-8 • The number in parentheses is absolute
standard deviation. Considering the significant figures, the solubility ofAgX in water is:
(a) 2.0(±0.1) x 10-4 M, (b) 2.0(±0.2) x IO-4 M, (c) 4.0(±OA) x 10-8 M, (d) 2.0(±0.1) x 10-4 M,
(e) 2.0(±0.6) x IO-4 M. (f) 2.00(±0.63) x 10-4 M
2. To compare the mean values between two sets of data, we can employ
(a) Least significant difference (LSD), (b) Q test, (c) F test, (d) t test, (e)crtest.
3. Select the most improper answer:
(a) Debye-Huckel equation is-log Y= 0.51 Z2 J.L112 1[1+3.3ajlll2]
(b) Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is pH = pKa + log (CNaNCHA) ,
(c) Argentometric method uses silver in precipitation titrimetry,
(d) Volhard method uses thiocyanate ion as indicator in precipitation titrimetry,
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(e) Relative supersaturation is defined as (Q-S)/S.
4. Which one is the most unlikely method in increasing the intensity of fluorescence: (a) cooling the sample,
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(b) dissolving the compound in non-halogenated solvent, (c) Increase the intensity of the excitation source,
(d) addition of ammonia salt to the sample solution, (e) dissolving in more viscose solvent.
5. Select the most unlikely description for infrared spectroscopy: (a) Absorption band intensity is strongly
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related to the dipole moment of the chemical bond, (b) Finger-print region in infrared spectroscopy can be
used to identify a compound, (c) Infrared spectrometry is the only type of instrument to obtain vibrational
spectra, (d) Energy of stretching vibration is usually much higher than that ofbending vibration, (e) 4
types of bending modes in infrared spectroscopy include scissoring, rocking, twisting and wagging.
6. Which one is not a correct description in fluorescence spectroscopy:
(a) Fluorescence is the process in which a molecule, excited by the absorption of radiation, emits a photon
while undergoing a transition from an excited singlet electronic state to a lower state of the same spin
multiplicity,
(b) Chemiluminescence is a process by which radiation is produced as a result of a chemical reaction,
(c) Vibrational relaxation is the process by which a molecule loses its excess vibrational energy by

emitting radiation,

(d) Resonancefluorescence is observed when an excited species emits radiation of the same frequency at
used to cause the excitation,
(e) Quantum yield of fluorescence is the fraction of molecules which have absorbed radiation that

fluoresce.

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7. Which one is unlikely the properties of Raman spectroscopy:

(a) It exhibits the interference from fluorescence with possible chance for photodecomposition,
(b) Stoke Raman is more sensitive than Anti-Stoke Raman,
(c) Anti-Stoke Raman has no interference from fluorescence,
(d) The intensity of a Raman band is related to its polarizability,
(e) The sensitivity of FT-Raman is generally better than that of dispersive Raman.
8. Analytical sensitivity is defined as: (a) The intensity of the signal, (b) Standard deviation of measurements,
(c) The intercept in the standard curve, (d) The noise level in a blank measurement, (e) The slope of the
concentration-response curve divided by the standard deviation of the measurement.
9. Which one is the most proper description in Atomic Spectroscopy: (a) A Flame atomic absorption
spectroscopy usually employs low atomization temperature to prevent oxidation of the atoms, (b) The
argon-plasma exhibits high sensitivity in detection because of the prevention of collision between atoms
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byargons, (c) Atomic absorption and emission spectra show similar band intensities for an atom, (d)
Pressure broadening refers to the uncertainty in measuring the transition energy, (e) Addition of potassium
to the sample solution can suppress oxidation.
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10. Which one is unlikely the advantage of a double-beam spectrometry compared to a single-beam
spectrometry: (a) It offsets the fluctuation of the light sources, (b) It offsets the variation of the
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responsibility of the radiation detector, (c) The time to acquire a spectrum is shorter, (d) The
reproducibility is usually higher,
(e) The sensitivity is usually higher.
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c. Please answer the following questions.

1. Discuss the major differences between a tandem-in-space mass spectrometer and a tandem-in-time mass
spectrometer. Include the advantages and disadvantages of each type. (10%).

2. Discuss how the size ofthe confidence interval for the mean is influenced by the following (all the other
factors are constant): (6%)
(a) the sample size N. (b) the confidence level. (c) the standard deviation S.

3. Briefly describe or define and give an example of(4%)

(a) an amphiprotic solute. (b) a leveling solvent.

4. What is the purpose of using reference electrode and supporting electrolyte in electroanalytical
experiments? (10%)

5. How to define ultramicroelectrode? Please show the expected cyclic voltammogram for
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ultramicroelectrode. (10%)
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6. Consider the following reaction (6%)
Glucose + 02 ~ CO2+ H20
(a) List whole balanced half-reactions.
(b) How many coulombs of charge will be needed when 0.50g of glucose reacts?
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(c) If the Orate of reaction is 0.50 g of glucose consumed per minute, what current should be provided?

7. Illustrate "self-absorption in the hollow-cathode lamp" and "Zeeman effect" and their related applications
for the reduction ofspectral interference. (6%)

8. (a) Describe the working principle ofCID transducer. (4%)

(b) Compare the working principle, advantage, and disadvantage between CID and CCD transducer. (4%)

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