NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 31 (1974) 204 217.

©NORTH-HOLLANDPUBLISH1NGCOMPANY

IMPEDANCE FUNCTIONS FOR A RIGID FOUNDATION ON A LAYERED MEDIUM

J.E. LUCO
Division o f Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA

Received 22 July 1974

The problem of the harmonic forced vibrations of a massless rigid disc supported on an elastic layered medium is
studied. The elastic medium consists of a layer of constant thickness placed on an elastic half-space. The contact be-
tween the layer and the underlying half-space is such that continuity of displacements and stresses at the interface is
secured. Forced vertical, rocking and horizontal vibrations with harmonic time dependence are considered under the
assumption of relaxed bonding between the rigid disc and the surface layer. The resulting mixed boundary value
problems are reduced to sets of Fredholm integral equations that are solved numerically for a wide range of fre-
quencies. The force-displacement relationships thus obtained present several differences with the corresponding
results for a homogeneous half-space. In general, the rocking impedances are the least affected by layering, while
the vertical impedances are the most affected. The impedances for a layered medium show a stronger frequency
dependence than the impedances for the half-space. For intermediate and high contrast between the elastic properties
of the layer and those of the half-space there is a considerable reduction of the radiation damping for low frequencies.

1. Introduction assumed to be relaxed, i.e. no friction exists between

A key step in the evaluation of the soil-structure inter-
action effects on the earthquake response of a struc-
ture is the computation of the force-displacement
relationship for the foundation. Several such relation-
ships, expressed in terms of impedance or compliance
functions, are available at the present time. However,
most of these results are restricted to a model of the
soil corresponding to a homogeneous elastic half-space.
It is the objective of this study to remove such limita-
tion by representing the soil as a layered medium. In
particular, this work is directed at studying the prob-
lem of the steady state forced vibrations of a massless
rigid disc founded on an elastic medium consisting of
a layer of constant thickness supported on an elastic
half-space. The contact between the layer and the
half-space is such that continuity of displacements and
stresses at the interface is secured. The rigid disc
representing the foundation is placed on the surface of
the layer, i.e. no embedment is considered.
Forced vertical, rocking and horizontal vibrations
with harmonic time dependence are considered. The
contact between the disc and the underlying layer is
the foundation and the soil for vertical and rocking
vibrations, while for horizontal vibrations the normal
component of stress at the contact is assumed to be
zero. The relaxed contact assumption has been used
to avoid the more complex mixed boundary value con-
ditions resulting from consideration of perfect attach-
ment between the disc and the soil. It has been shown
that this simplifying assumption leads to results suf-
ficiently accurate for practical purposes [1, 2].
The mathematical formulation of the relaxed mixed
boundary value problem and its reduction to a set of
Fredholm integral equations follows, except for con-
sideration of the two-layered medium, the procedure
used in ref. [3] to solve the half-space problem. Care
has been taken in the formulation of the problem and
in the generation of the computer program necessary
for its solution to leave open the possibility of treating
the multilayer case with minor modifications.
The problem of the forced vibrations of a rigid
foundation on a layered medium has not received much
attention in the past. The first studies in this area,
refs [ 4 ] - [7], all deal with the response of an elastic
layer supported on a rigid base. To avoid the corn-
 J.E. Luco, Impedance functions for a rigid foundation 205

Hei~t

L o -

P1,Gl,01

---- X
Y, ,'~

Fig. 1. Description of the model.

 206 •I.1:2 Luco, Impedance fimctions for a rigM ¢bundation

plexity o f the mixed boundary value problem, a par- Ozz(r, O, O) = O, r> a (lb)
ticular stress distribution is assumed under the footing.
A circular foundation is considered in the first two OzAr, O, O) = Ozo(r, 0, 0) = 0, O<r<oo (2)
studies, while a rectangular foundation is considered
in refs [61 and [7]. The works of Collins [8] and (b) Rocking vibrations:
Paul [91 deal with the mixed boundary value problem
Uz(r, O, O) = ar cos 0 e ic° t, O <~r <~a (3a)
/'or a rigid foundation on a layer supported on a rigid
base. O~z(r,O,O)=O, r>a (3b)
The problem of the vertical and rocking vibrations
of a rigid circular foundation on a layer welded to an Ozr(r, O, O) = OzO(r, O, O) = 0, 0 < r < o~ (4)
elastic half-space has been studied by Kashio [ 10], and
numerical results have been presented for two cases (c) Horizontal vibrations:
defined by G s / G z = 0.2,05/P2 = 0.8, crI = I ; and
Ur(r , 0, 0) = A H cos 0 e iwt
G1/G2 = 0, o 5 = I- Wei [11] obtained the Fredhohn , O<<.r<~a (5)
integral equations corresponding to the case of hori- uo(r, 0, 0) = A H sin 0 e iwt
zontal vibrations, but the numerical results presented
ozAr, O, O) = Ozo (r, O, O) = O, r> a (6)
are based on an assumed stress distribution under the
footing. In both Kashio's and Wei's studies, relaxed Ozz(r, O, O) = 0 0< r< oo (7)
boundary conditions under the foundation are assumed.
In the equations above, A v is the amplitude of the
vertical displacement of the center of the rigid founda-
2. Formulation of the problem tion, a is the amplitude of the rocking angle about the
y axis (0 = zr/2), A H is the amplitude o f the horizontal
2.1. S t a t e m e n t o f the probletn displacement of the foundation in the direction of the
x axis(0 = 0), and co is the frequency of the steady
In what follows a study is made of the forced steady state vibrations.
state vibrations of a rigid circular footing o f radius a
placed on the surface of a layered medium. The layered 2.2. bttegral representation
medium consists o f a layer of depth h resting on an
elastic half-space. Both the layer and the half-space A solution of the equations of motion in cylindrical
are assumed to be elastic, homogeneous and isotropic, coordinates satisfying the conditions at the interface
with densities P5, P2, shear moduli G5, G2, and Poisson's between the layer and the half-space, as well as the
ratios 01, 02, respectively. The geometry o f the model conditions at infinity, may be obtained by the use of
and the coordinate systems used are shown in fig. 1. a representation derived by Sezawa and reported in
It is assumed that the classical equations of elasto- refs [2], [3] and [4]. The displacement and stress
dynamics hold and that no material damping exists. components of interest on z = 0 are given by
A welded type of contact between the layer and the ur(r, O, O) = au*(r') cos (nO),
half-space is used. Thus, the stress and displacements are
continuous across the interface at z = h. uo(r, O, O) = a u g ( / ) sin (nO), (8)
The contact between the foundation and the surface u=(r, O, O) = auz(r
* ' ) cos 0 (nO),
of the layer is assumed to be relaxed, i.e. frictionless
and
contact for vertical and rocking vibrations and pressure-
, I
less contact for horizontal vibrations. Ozr(r, O, O) = G10zr(r ) cos (nO),
The boundary conditions on z = 0 expressed in
Ozo(r, O, 0)~= G 50*o(r' ) sin (nO), (9)
terms of displacement and stress components in cylin-
drical coordinates are the following. Ozz(r,O, O) = G1 o=(r
* ' ) cos (n0),
(a) Vertical vibrations: where n = 0 for vertical vibrations, n = 1 for rocking
Uz(r, 0, 0) = A v e it°t, O<.r<.a (la) and horizontal vibrations, r' = r/a, and
 J.E. Luco, Impedance functions for a rigid foundation 207

(c) Horizontal vibrations:

Ur (r)t +
-- u~(r') = ; 2 f {k [A n (k)Cl(k)
d 1
0
Cl(k) = [2AH/rr(2 -- ol)a] f {q~l(t) cos (kt)
+ A12(k)C2(k)]/AR ¥ A33C3(k)/A L)
0
x Jn+-1 (kr')dk, (l O)
~2(t) [cos (kt) - sin (kt)/ktl} dt, (18)
o~ 1

u z, (r)' = 2 ~ ([ A21(k)Cl(k) + A22(k)C2(k)]/AR } P

C3(k) : - [2AHk/Tr(2 - °l)a] _I ( - e l ( t ) cos (kt)
0 0

x Jn(kr')dk, (11) - (1 - Ol)¢2(t)[cos ( k t ) - sin (kt)/kt]) dt, (19)

where Cv(t), CR(t), and el(t), ¢2(t) are functions to
, t ) -- , t) = +2
7
I
Ozr(r + Ozo(r [kCl(k ) -T-Ca(k)] be determined by eqs (1), (3) and (5), respectively.
0 The substitutions indicated above satisfy directly the
x Jn +_1(kr')dk, (12) stress boundary conditions prescribed in eqs (1), (3)
and (6).

Ozz(r ) = 2 C2(k)Jn(kr') dk. (13)

0 3. Integral equations and impedance functions

The functions Aii(i, ] = 1, 2), A R , A33 , and A L appear-
ing in eqs (10)-(13) depend on the properties of the
layer and the half-space, and are given in the appendix.
The functions Cl(k), C2(k ) and Ca(k) are to be deter-
mined by the boundary conditions on z = 0. For ver-
tical and rocking vibrations, eqs (2) and (4) together
with eq. (12) imply that
Substitution from eqs (16)-(19), together with eqs
(14) and (15) into eqs (8)-(11) and imposition of the
remaining displacement boundary conditions leads to
the following integral equations for the unknown
functions ~v(t), q~R(t), ~l(t) and ~2(t).
(a) Vertical vibrations:
1

C v ( t ) + f K ( t , t ' ) ~ v ( t ' ) d t '=1 (0-K<t~<l) (20)

Cl(k) = C3(k) = 0. (14) o
where
Similarly, for horizontal vibrations, eqs (7) and (13) K(t, t') = L l ( I t - t'l) + Ll(t + t') (21)
imply that
and
C2(k) = O. (15)
Ll(t) =-Tr -1 ;{[kA22/(1 - ol)AR] + 1} cos (kt) dk.
0
Before imposing the remaining boundary conditions, (22)
it is convenient to introduce the following substitu- (b) Rocking vibrations:
tions [3]. 1

q~R(t) + f K(t, t')q~R(t') dt' = t (0 ~ t ~ 1) (23)

(a) Vertical vibrations: 0

1 where
C2(k) = - [Avkfir(1 - ox)a] ~ Cv(t) cos (kt) dt. (16) K(t, t') = L l ( l t - i l l ) - L l ( t + t'). (24)
0
The function L x(t) in eq. (24) is defined by eq. (22).
(c) Horizontal vibrations:
(b) Rocking vibrations: 1

1 ~l(t) + f [Kll(t, t')~bl(t') + Klz(t, t')¢2(t')] dt' =0,

C2(k ) = - [2odc/Tr(1 - ol)] f ~R(t) sin (kt) dt. (17) o (25)
0 (0~<t<~ 1)
2O8 J.E. Luco. Impedance functions for a rigidfoundation
1
p = 4GlaAv eiwt f
( 1 -- O1)02(t ) + f [K21(/, /')01(t') + 1 Ol ~v(t) dt, (331
0 0
1
+ K22(t, t')O2(t')] dt' = 0, (0 ~< t ~< 1) (26) 8G1a38 eiwt f
M- i 2-0~ t0a dt, (34j
where
0

1
g n u , t') = ~2 (~-~Ol) ( [(l - °l)Hl(k) + H2(k)]
H = 8GlaAH e'Wt f 01(/) dt. (35)
2- oI
0
x cos (kt) cos (kt') dk, (27)
Equations (33), (34) and (35) constitute the force--
displacement relationship for the circular foundation.
Kl2(t , t') = 2 \(1--011
7r 2 - ol] i[Hl(k)_H2(k)] It should be mentioned that in deriving these equations
the terms coupling the horizontal and rocking vibra-
tions have been neglected.
x cos (kt) (cos kt' si-n
kt'k-t']] dk, (28) It is convenient to write eqs (33)-(35) in the fol-
lowing form:

K2,(t, t') = 7r \2 - a , / J° [HI(k) H2(k)] p = ___4G1a [kvv(ao) + iaocvv(ao)] A v e iwt, (36)

1- ol
( sinkt] M : 8Gla3 [AMM(aO) + iaocMM(aO)]O~ eit°t, (37)
x cos kt k't ] cos (kt') dk, (29)
3(1 ol)
c~ 8Gla
H_ [kHH(aO) + iaoCHH(ao)]AH eiwt, (38)
°'1 of l.,(k)+(,-Ol)H2(k)l
2-ol
~22(t, t') = ~ \2
where

-£t ] \cos kt' ~fr ] , 1

kvv(ao) = f Re ~bv(t) dr,

(30) o (39)
1
and
Cvv(a°) = ao1 f Im 0v(t) dt,
k All
Hl(k ) - 1, (31) 0
1 - 01 AR
1

H2(k) - kA33 1. (32) kMM(aO) = 3 f Re tqSR(t) dr,

AL o (40)

The integral equations (20), (21), (25) and (26) 3 f Im 0R(t) dt,
CMM(aO) = ao
are of the Fredholm type and have a form suitable for o
numerical solution. Once these integral equations have
1
been solved, the entire displacement and stress field
may be evaluated by substitution from eqs (16)-(19) kHH(aO) = f Re 01(0 dt,
o (41)
into eqs (10)-(13). In particular the total vertical
1
load P, the rocking moment about the y axis M, and
the total horizontal load in the x direction H may be CHH(aO) ao1 f Im Ol(t) dr.
=__

found to be given by 0
 J.E. Luco, hnpedance functions for a rigid foundation 209

In eqs (36)-(41), a o = o.)a(Pl/G1)1/2 is a dimen-

sionless frequency. The terms inside the square brackets
in (36), (37) and (38) are the normalized impedance 1.0
functions for vertical, rocking and horizontal vibra-
tions; the factors outside the parentheses correspond
to the static values (ao = 0) of the impedance functions
for a half-space having the properties of the top layer. 0.8
The functions kvv(ao), kMM(aO) and kHH(aO), cor-
responding to the real part of the impedance functions,
will be called here stiffness coefficients, while the
0.6
functions Cvv(ao), CMM(aO) and CHH(aO),proportional
to the imaginary part of the impedance functions,
/h,'a : 1
will be designated here as damping coefficients. Both
the stiffness and damping coefficients are functions
:-<
04
not only of the dimensionless frequency ao but also
depend on the properties of the layer and underlying
half-space. ,'a 0.2
The numerical procedure used to solve the integral 02
equations (20), (23), (25) and (26), consists of reduc- "~ h'a 0.5
ing these equations to a system of algebraic equations
that are solved by standard methods. The kernels
K(t, t') given by eqs (21), (24) and (27)-(30) are
evaluated by numerical integration. Once the auxiliary
o.o)~f0 I z 3
ao
5 6 7 8

functions 0(t) are known, the stiffness and damping

coefficients are also evaluated by numerical integra-
tion. In solving the problem of the horizontal vibra-
tions, a further approximation has been introduced by 1.5

assuming that 0 2 ( t ) is sufficiently small so that the ~ h / ~ , ~ =0"2

le"~ F ~ .,,,~.__.
integral eqs (25) and (26) may be reduced to
l

Ol(t) + f gn(t, t')01(t') dt' = 1 (0 ~<t ~< 1)

o (42)
,.o \ /
~ h,'a = 05 ~ h/a = I f
where the kernel Kll(t, t') is given by eq. (27). The
basis for this approximation is that for the case of a h/a = ,-.. ~ .
uniform half-space, the function 02(0 is much smaller
than Ol(t), in particular for the static case ¢2(t) = 0. 0.5 " ~" I ""..J
The above approximation is equivalent to the require-
ment that Ozy = 0 under the foundation and thus , \
corresponds to a further relaxation of the boundary
conditions. oo

4. Numerical results and conclusions

05 0 1 2
[
3 4 5 6 7 El
The impedance functions for vertical, rocking and ao

horizontal vibrations have been evaluated numerically Fig. 2. Rocking stiffness and damping coefficients, case 1.
210 J.E. Luco, hnpedance JUnctions/br a rigid/bundation

for the three cases defined by the sets of parameters Table I.

Description of the models.
indicated in table 1 and tbr a range o f values of the
dimensionless frequency a 0. The three cases were Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
chosen to represent a low, intermediate, and high con-
trast between the elastic properties of the layer and Vs I / Vs2 0.8 0.4 {1.2
0~]02 0.85 0.85 0.85
those of the half-space. Figs 2 4 show the rocking
oI 0.25 0.30 0.35
stiffness and damping coefficients as a function of the 02 0.25 0.25 (I.25
dimensionless frequency ao for different values of ratio
)t o = h/a and for the three cases under study. The re- h/a 0.2
0.5 0.5 0.5
sults for horizontal and vertical vibrations are shown
1.0 1.0 1.0
in figs 5 - 7 and 8- 10, respectively. From the results - 2.0 2.0
it is clear that the rocking impedances are the least 3.0
affected by the layering, while the vertical impedances 5.0 5.0
are the most affected. The impedances for a layered
medium show a stronger frequency dependence than Vsl = (G 1/P 1)l/2 shear wave velocity in the layer.
the impedances for the half-space. Vs2 = (G2/P2)1/2 shear wave velocity in the half-space.

L
1

i
I

10 1.0

08

05

06

0.0

0,4

0.5 I .........
0.2

i 0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4 5 6 7

ao ao

Fig. 3. Rocking stiffness and damping coefficients, case 2.

 .I.E. Luco, Impedance functions for a rigid foundation 211

For values of the ratio )t o = h/a larger than five,
the results are reasonably close to the impedances for
the half-space. The smaller the contrast between the
elastic properties of the layer and those of the half-
space, the faster the impedances, as a function of
)t o = h/a, approach the half-space results.
For low values of the dimensionless frequency a o,
the real part of the impedances, i.e. the stiffness
coefficients, are essentially proportional to the half-
space results if h/a < 1 ; the constant of proportionality
being the static stiffness coefficient for the layered
medium. For intermediate values of the ratio h/a
(1 < h/a < 5) the stiffness coefficients are highly
dependent on frequency. For values ofh/a larger than
five, the stiffness coefficients tend to the half-space
results as stated before.
For intermediate and high contrast between the
shear wave velocities of the layer and the half-space
(0 < Vsx/Vs2 < 0.6), there is a considerable reduction
of the damping coefficient for low frequencies. The
shallower the layer, the wider the range of frequencies
where this reduction takes place. If there is not much
contrast betweeen the layer and the half-space, this
reduction occurs for intermediate values of the ratio
h/a, but is not present for very shallow layers (figs 2,
5, 7). The reduction in the damping coefficient may
be explained by the fact that when the underlying
half-space is rigid, there is no energy radiated, in the
case of vertical and rocking vibrations, for values of
a o less than 7ra/Tlh (3'1 is defined by eq. (A5) in the
appendix). For horizontal vibrations the same is true
for values of a o less than rra/2h.
The stiffness and damping coefficients show strong
fluctuations as a function ofao. This strong frequency
dependence is associated with the presence of Rayleigh
and Love surface waves. A detailed discussion of this

1.5
\
.h~ 0.5

t0

10

ha

08
h/a ~
",n
y 05

-U
ir
h/a = 2 ~ H
06

O0

04

05 0.2

0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 t 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

ao ao

Fig. 4. Rocking stiffness and damping coefficients, case 3.

 kHH kHH

r \
A\
J

I I 8

r~
I
! i
CHH

CHH o

o~ CO O

! !

i | --- "
I
~J
 kvv / o kHH :-'
c) r~ co O c) o o

~"
• ~

Cvv CHH
o r,,)
O b

"2_.
,> ~ m

,-t

,,,,,
~o

o~

-1--
I
I
 iD0
l
t
!r-- I
I
c~ c~ I
_.) I /Z
i
I
J ,<,.
I
2._ el
1
J
i 'I c

o
c~ AA o
AAo
I
?.., |
-"i
I
i I
r-
J
i
__.! I
i ii
Q o °
r0
i
AA~
o o
c5
!
/~A~
 J.E. Luco, Impedance functions for a rigid foundation 215

aspect may be found in ref. [10]. The results described
above indicate that the effects of the layering on the
impedance functions become specially important for
the case of a shallow layer and for the case of a high
contrast between the elastic properties of the layer
and those of the underlying half-space.
The results obtained suggest that soil-structure
interaction studies should consider the effects of the
layering if sharp velocity contrasts exist in the soil.
Under such circumstances an increase in the stiffness
coefficients together with a reduction of the damping
coefficient for the foundation may lead to a consider-
able increase in the response of the structure.

Appendix

The functions A33(k ) and AL(k ) entering in eq. (10) are defined by

A33 = / a o c h ( v 2 ~ o ) + l / 2 s h ( P 2 ~ k o ) / V 2 , (A1)

A L = laov2sh(v2~.o) + v'2ch(v2~,o) , (A2)

where
~o = h/a, lao = G1/G2, v2 = (k 2 - a2) 1/2 (A3)

and

v~ = (k 2 _ •oao
) 2 2,1/2, ao : ~oa(pl/Gl) 1/2, tc2 = (GlP2/G2Ol). (A4)

In eqs (A4), co is the frequency of the steady state vibrations. For later use it is convenient to introduce the fol-
lowing definitions:

Vl = ( k 2 .2~2"~I/2 pt1 = ( k 2 2 2 2,1/2

_ llUO] , _ ?2Koao) ,
(A5)

")'1 = [(1 - 2Ol)/2(1 - o1)] 1/2, ")'2 = [(1 -- 202)/2(1 -- 02)] 1/2.

The functions Ai/(k ) (i,/" = 1, 2) and AR(k ) entering in eqs (10) and (11) are defined by

and
I AH
A21
AlI = (T11A + T12B )- adj (T21A + T22B )
A22]
(A6)

AR = det (7'21A + T22B), (A7)

where

I /aO , /~0v2
[A]= (A8)
L_ /~oVl -/~o k2
216 J.E. Luco. Impedance junctions ]or a rigid Joundation

2Ult (2k 2 22,[ [

KoaoJ
[B] = (A9)
_(2k 2 2 2
KOao) 2u2k ' 2

and

1
- 2k2ch(ul~,o) + (2k 2 _ a20)ch(u2ko) (2k 2 _ a2o)sh(Vl~O)/Pl + 2uZsh(u2ko)/V2
...................................... ..................................
[TIll =- a7
2k2u2sh(u13,0)/ut k2(2k 2 a2)sh(u2ko)/U2 (2k 2 -a2)ch(vtXo) 2k2ch(ulko)

1
- k2sh(ulko)/Ul + u2sh(uzko)/U2 i ch(ulX o) -
,,
ch(u2~,o)
IT12] = a~ ...................................... i ...................................
2 { '
k" clh~(kpO ) ' k'2'ch(b'2 ~0 ) ,,, PlSh(Pl~kO)/pl2 + k 2.sh(u2ko)/U 2

i
1 I 4~)2k2Sh(~)l~O)/~)l~v{2k2~a2)2~h(z)2~O)/p2 i 2(2k 2 ~2)~h (~/'1~kO)"~ 2(2k 2 - ~2)ch(u2~k°) 1
IT2~I = - a2 [_ 2k2(2k 2. a2)ch(ulXo)+ 2k2(2 k 2 - a2)ch(u2Xo) i ( 2k2 a2o)2sh(ulko)/Ul + 4u2k2sh(u2Xo)/U2

[/'221 Q

.o L k2~2k2 ~2o)ShO'~Xo)/., + 2v~k:sh(v2Xo)/V2 :: /2k 2- a~o)Ch(V,Xo~ 2k2~h(UaXo) 3

(A10)

Even though it is possible to obtain simpler expressions for the functions Aij(k ) and AR(k), the form given
above is most convenient for extension to the case of a multilayered medium.

References on a semi-infinite elastic space or on an elastic stratum.

[ 1 ] J.E. Luco and R.A. Westmann, Dynamic response of a
rigid footing bonded to an elastic half-space, Trans.
ASME, J. Appl. Mech. 39 (2) (1972) 527.
[2] J. Bielak, Earthquake response o f building-foundation
systems, Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory,
EERL-71 04, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California (1971 ).
[3] J.E. Luco and R.A. Westmann, Dynamic response of
circular footings, J. Eng. Mech. Div., ASCE 97 (1971 )
1381.
[4] G.N. Bycroft, Forced vibrations of a rigid circular plate
Phil. Trans., Roy. Soc. Lond. 248 (1956) 327.
I51 G.B. Warburton, Forced vibrations of a body on an
elastic stratum, Trans. ASME, J. Appl. Mech. 24 (1957)
55.
[6] T. Kobori, R. Minai and T. Suzuki, Dynamic ground
compliance of rectangular foundation on an elastic
stratum over a semi-infinite rigid medium, Annual
Report Disaster Prevention Res. Inst. 10A, Kyoto
University (1967) 315.
[7 ] T. Kobori, R. Minai and T. Suzuki, Dynamic ground
compliance of rectangular foundation on an elastic
stratum, Proc. 2nd Japan National Symposium on Earth-
quake Engineering, Japan (1966) 261.
[8] W.D. Collins, The forced torsional oscillations of an
 J.E. Lueo, Impedance functions for a rigid foundation 217

elastic half-space and an elastic stratum, Proc. London
Math. Soc. 12 (1962) 46.
[9] H.S. Paul, Vibration o f a rigid circular disc on an infinite
elastic plate, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 42 (1967)
412.
[10] J. Kashio, Steady state response of a circular disk resting
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