Calculus II EPS (Grade TICS) Curso 2012-2013

Chapter 6: Surface Integrals

1. Find the tangent plane to the parameterised surface

S(u, v) = (u2 − v 2 , u + v, u2 + 4v)

at the point (u, v) = (0, 1/2)

Solution: First we compute two vectors on the tangent plane:
⃗u (u, v) = (2u, 1, 2u),
S ⃗v (u, v) = (−2v, 1, 4),
S

then the normal vector is orthogonal to those vectors, i.e.

 
 i j k 

N⃗ =S ⃗v (u, v) =  2u 1 2u  = (4 − 2u, −4uv − 8u, 2u + 2v)
⃗u (u, v) × S
 
 −2v 1 4 

Now, because for the point we have the values u = 0 and v = 1/2, i.e. P = (−1/4, 1/2, 2), then
the normal vector at this point is (4, 0, 1), therefore the tangent plane is

πP : 4(x + 1/4) + 0(y − 1/2) + 1(z − 2) = 0 ⇐⇒ 4x + z − 1 = 0.

2. Determine a parametrisation of the hyperboloid x2 + y 2 − z 2 = 25, and a normal vector at
(5, 6, 6).
Solution: A parametrisation of the hyperboloid is

 x = 5 cos θ cosh φ,
y = 5 sin θ cosh φ, θ ∈ (0, 2π), φ ∈ R.

z = 5 sinh φ,

So the normal vector at a general point is

 
 i j k 
 
N⃗ =  −5 sin θ cosh φ 5 cos θ cosh φ 0  = 25 cosh φ(cos θ cosh φ, sin θ cosh φ, − sinh φ).
 
 5 cos θ sinh φ 5 sin θ sinh φ 5 cosh φ 

They are like the original point (5, 6, 6) so

⃗ (5, 6, 6) = 5 cosh φ(5, 6, −6),
N

and due 5 sinh φ = 6, then

√ √ √
cosh φ = 1 + 36/25 = 61/25 = 61/5,

therefore √
⃗ (5, 6, 6) =
N 61(5, 6, −6).
3. Determine the area of the surface z = x2 + y 2 delimited by the plane z = 4.
Solution: A parametrisation of the surface is

 x= r cos θ,
y= r sin θ, θ ∈ (0, 2π), 2 ≥ r ≥ 0.

z= r2 ,

⃗ = r(−2r cos θ, −2r sin θ, 1). Then, such area is equal to

So the normal vector is N
∫ ∫ 2π ∫ 2 √ π
AS = ∥N
⃗ ∥dS = r 4r2 + 1 drdθ = (173/2 − 1).
S 0 0 6
4. Let S be the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = R2 . Determine the area of the S which is outside the cone
z 2 = x2 + y 2 . Obtain the area of the whole sphere.
Solution: Due the geometry of the set the parametrisation for the first surface is

 x = R cos θ cos φ, π π
y = R sin θ cos φ, θ ∈ (0, 2π), − ≤ φ ≤ ,
 4 4
z = R sin φ,

then the normal is

⃗ = R2 cos φ(cos θ cos φ, sin θ cos φ, sin φ),
N
and the area of the Sphere outside of the cone is
∫ π ∫ 2π √
4
A1 = R2 cos φ dθdφ = 2 2 πR2 .
− π4 0

On the other hand the area of the whole sphere is

∫ π ∫ 2π
2
ASphere = R2 cos φ dθdφ = 4πR2 .
− π2 0
5. Torus is the name of a surface generated by a circumference (x − a)2 + z 2 = b2 , y = 0 (with
a > b) rotated around the OZ-axis. Find a parametrisation and compute the area of the torus.
Solution: We are going to use two parameters, the first is the angle of the axis moving in the
XY -plane, and around the Z-axis with respect to the X-axis (we will name it θ), and the fixed
such value θ, we will denote by φ the angle of the point on the rotated circle of radius b, then
we have for each value of θ and φ the point

 x = (a − b cos φ) cos θ,
y = (a − b cos φ) sin θ, θ, φ ∈ (0, 2π),

z = b sin φ,

therefore, since the normal is

⃗ = b(a − b cos φ)(cos φ cos θ, cos φ sin θ, − sin φ),
N

so the area of the torus is

∫ 2π ∫ 2π
ATorus = b(a − b cos φ) dθdφ = 4π 2 ab.
0 0
6. Compute the following surface integrals:
∫∫
(a) (x2 z + y 2 z)dS, where S is the hemisphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4, z ≥ 0.
∫ ∫S
(b) xydS, where S is the boundary of the region enclosed by the cylinder x2 + z 2 = 1 and
S
the planes y = 0 and x + y = 2.
∫∫
(c) xzdS, where S is the triangle with vertices (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0) and (0, 0, 1).
∫∫ S

(d) xyzdS, where S is the region of the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 that is over the cone by
S
z 2 = x2 + y 2 .
Solution:
(a) In this case the parametrization is

 x = 2 cos φ cos θ,
y = 2 cos φ sin θ, θ ∈ (0, 2π), φ ∈ (0, π/2),

z = 2 sin φ,
so the normal has norm equal to 4 cos φ, then
∫∫ ∫ π ∫ 2π
2
(x2 z + y 2 z)dS = 8 cos2 φ sin φ (4 cos φ) dθdφ = 16π.
S 0 0

(b) In this case we will use cylindric coordinates


 x = cos φ,
y = θ, φ ∈ (0, 2π), 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2 − cos φ,

z = sin φ,
therefore the normal is
⃗ = (cos φ, 0, sin φ),
N
and it has norm 1, then the integral is equal to
∫∫ ∫ 2π ∫ 2−cos φ
xydS = θ cos φ dθ dφ = −2π.
S 0 0

(c) In this case due the geometry we have


 x = u,
y = v, u ∈ (0, 1), 0 ≤ v ≤ 1 − u,

z = 1 − u − v,
therefore the normal is
⃗ = (1, 1, 1),
N
and then ∫ ∫ 1 ∫ 1−v
√
√ 3
xzdS = 3 u(1 − u − v) du dv = .
S 0 0 24
(d) The surface is the part of the lateral area of the sphere, then

 x= cos φ cos θ,
y= cos φ sin θ, θ ∈ (0, 2π), φ ∈ (−π/4, π/4) or (π/4, 3π/4).

z= sin φ,

So the normal has norm equal to cos φ, then

∫ ∫ π ∫ 2π
4
xyzdS = cos2 φ sin φ cos θ sin θ(cos θ) dθdφ = 0.
S − π4 0
 ⃗
7. Compute the flow integral of F(x, y, z) = (1, 1, z(x2 + y 2 )2 ) along the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1,
0 ≤ z ≤ 1.
Solution: Here we will use cylindric coordinates

 x = cos u,
y = sin u, u ∈ (0, 2π), v ∈ (0, 1).

z = v,

In this case the normal is

⃗u × Sv )(u, v) = (− sin θ, cos θ, 0) × (0, 0, 1) = (cos u, sin u, 0),
⃗ (u, v) = (S
N

therefore it is positive oriented and the integral is equal to

∫∫ ∫ 1 ∫ 2π
F  dS =
⃗ ⃗ (1, 1, v)  (cos u, sin u, 0) dudv = 0.
S 0 0
8. Find a parametrisation of S : 2x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 8x = 1, and compute the surface integral of the
⃗
field F(x, y, z) = (x, y, z) through the surface S.
Solution: This is an ellipsoid since the coefficients of x2 , y 2 and z 2 are all positive and different,
moreover it is possible to write it as
( ) (x − 2)2 y 2 z 2
2(x − 2)2 − 8 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 ⇒ 2(x − 2)2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 ⇒ ( )2 + 2 + 2 = 1.
√3
3 3
2
√
Then it has center at (2, 0, 0) and semi-axis (3/ 2, 3, 3), then a parametrisation is
 3
 x = 2 + √2 cos θ cos φ,
y = 3 sin θ cos φ, θ ∈ (0, 2π), φ ∈ (−π/2, π/2).

z = 3 sin φ,

In this case the normal is

( )
1 1
⃗ (θ, φ) = 9 cos φ cos θ cos φ, √ sin θ cos φ, √ sin φ ,
N
2 2
so it is positive oriented and the integral is
∫∫ ∫ π ∫ 2π
2 3
⃗  d⃗S =
F (2 + √ cos θ cos φ, 3 sin θ cos φ, 3 sin φ)  N⃗ (θ, φ) dθdφ
S − π2
0 2
∫ π ∫ 2π
27 2
=√ (cos2 θ cos3 φ + sin2 θ cos3 φ + cos φ sin2 φ) dθdφ
2 − π2 0
∫ π ∫ 2π ∫ π ∫ 2π
27 2 27 2
=√ (cos φ + cos φ sin φ) dθdφ = √
3 2
cos φ dθdφ
2 − π2 0 2 − π2 0
√
=54 2 π.
 ⃗
9. For the velocity field of a liquid F(x, y, z) = (x, x2 , yz + 1) (in m/s), find the flow (per second)
through the square 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1, z = 0. Repeat the integral for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1,
z = 2.
Solution: In this case the parametrisations are so easy, indeed for the first situation (z = 0) we
have S1 , and for the second (z = 2) we have S2 being

S1 : (x, y, z) = (u, v, 0), S2 : (x, y, z) = (u, v, 2), where u, v ∈ (0, 1),

and the normal in each case is N⃗ = (0, 0, 1) but it is not important the orientation so we don’t
pay attention to it. The integrals are equal to
∫∫ ∫ 1∫ 1
F(x, y, z) · dS =
⃗ ⃗ (1, 1, 1)  (0, 0, 1) dudv = 1,
S1 0 0

and ∫∫ ∫ 1∫ 1
⃗
F(x, y, z) · d⃗S = (1, 1, 2v + 1)  (0, 0, 1) dudv = 2.
S2 0 0
 ⃗ through the
10. Determine, in terms of g and its partial derivatives, an expression for the flow of F
surface z = g(x, y), with (x, y) ∈ D.
Solution: In this case the surface can be parameterised as

S : (x, y, g(x, y)), (x, y) ∈ D

here D is the domain of the parametrisation. The normal is

( ) ( ) ( )
∂g ∂g ∂g ∂g
⃗ (x, y) = 1, 0,
N × 0, 1, = − ,− ,1 .
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y

Then
∫∫ ∫∫ ( )
∂g ∂g
F(x, y, z) · dS =
⃗ ⃗ F(x, y, g(x, y))  − , − , 1 dxdy
⃗
S ∂x ∂y
∫D∫ ( )
∂g ∂g
= −F1 (x, y, g(x, y)) − F2 (x, y, g(x, y)) + F3 (x, y, g(x, y)) dxdy.
D ∂x ∂y
 ⃗
11. Let F(x, y, z) = (y, z, xz) be a vector field. Find the surface integral
∫∫
⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S
S

along the boundary S of the regions

(a) x2 + y 2 ≤ z ≤ 1,
(b) x2 + y 2 ≤ z ≤ 1 and x ≥ 0.

Solution: For the first surface what we have is the boundary of the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2
between 0 ≤ z ≤ 1, then the surface is the paraboloid itself

 x = cos u,
S1 : y = sin u, u ∈ (0, 2π), v ∈ (0, 1),

z = v,

and on the other side, the top of it


 x = r cos θ,
S2 : y = r sin θ, r ∈ (0, 1), θ ∈ (0, 2π).

z = 1,

⃗ 1 = (cos u, sin u, 0) and N

Then the normals are N ⃗
⃗ 2 = (0, 0, r), therefore for F(x, y, z) = (y, z, xz)
∫∫ ∫ 1 ∫ 2π
F(x, y, z)  dS =
⃗ ⃗ (sin u, v, v cos u)  (cos u, sin u, 0) dudv = 0,
S1 0 0

and ∫∫ ∫ ∫
2π 1
⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = (r sin u, 1, r cos u)  (0, 0, r) drdθ = 0.
S2 0 0
Then
∫∫ ∫∫ ∫∫ ∫∫
⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = ⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = ⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S + ⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = 0.
S S1 ∪S2 S1 S2

⃗
In the second case we have F(x, y, z) = (y, z, xz) and an extra face x = 0, then we have in such
a case 
 x = cos u,
Se1 : y = sin u, u ∈ (−π/2, π/2), v ∈ (0, 1),

z = v,
the top of it 
 x = r cos θ,
e
S2 : y = r sin θ, r ∈ (0, 1), θ ∈ (−π/2, π/2),

z = 1,
and the face on x = 0, it is

 x = 0,
Se3 : y = v, u ∈ (0, 1), v ∈ (u2 , 1).

z = u,
Then the normals are N ⃗ 1 = (cos u, sin u, 0), N
⃗ 2 = (0, 0, r), and N
⃗ 3 = (−1, 0, 0) therefore all the
surfaces are positive oriented, so
∫∫ ∫ 1∫ π
2
⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = (sin u, v, v cos u)  (cos u, sin u, 0) dudv = 0,
e1
S 0 − π2

∫∫ ∫ 1∫ π

⃗
2 2
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = (r sin θ, 1, r cos θ)  (0, 0, r) drdθ = ,
e2
S 0 − π2 3
and ∫∫ ∫ 1∫ π

⃗
2 2
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = (v, u, 0)  (−1, 0, 0) dudv = − .
e3
S 0 −π 5
2

Hence ∫∫ ∫∫
⃗ 2 2 4
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = ⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = 0 + − = .
S e1 ∪S
S e2 ∪S
e3 3 5 15
12. Find the flow of the given vector fields along the corresponding surfaces:
⃗
(a) F(x, y, z) = (ey , yex , x2 y), S is the region of the paraboloid z = x2 +y 2 so that its projection
on z = 0 is the square 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1. Use the orientation for S through increasing
z.
√
⃗
(b) F(x, y, z) = (−y, x, 3z), S is the hemisphere z = 16 − x2 − y 2 . Use orientation S through
increasing z.
⃗
(c) F(x, y, z) = (0, y, −z), S is the closed surface union of the paraboloidal region y = x2 + z 2 ,
0 ≤ y ≤ 1, and the disk x2 + z 2 ≤ 1, y = 1, with outward orientation.

Solution:

(a) Since the projection is a square we use the parametrisation:


 x = u,
S: y = v, u, v ∈ (0, 1),

z = u2 + v 2 ,

so the normal is N ⃗ = (−2u, −2v, 1) that is negative oriented (as the problem states),
therefore the flow is equal to
∫∫ ∫ 1∫ 1
F  dS =
⃗ ⃗ (ev , veu , u2 v)  (−2u, −2v, 1) dudv
S 0 0
∫ 1∫ 1
11 5e
= (−2uev − 2v 2 eu + u2 v)dudv = − .
0 0 6 3

(b) In this case the parametrisation is


 x = 4 cos θ cos φ,
S: y = 4 sin θ cos φ, θ ∈ (0, 2π), φ ∈ (0, π/2),

z = 4 sin φ,

the surface is positive oriented because

⃗ (θ, φ) = 16 cos φ(cos θ cos φ, sin θ cos φ, sin φ),
N

then the flow for this vectorial field is equal to

∫∫ ∫ π ∫ 2π
2
⃗  d⃗S =4
F (− sin θ cos φ, cos θ cos φ, 3 sin φ)  N
⃗ (θ, φ) dθdφ
S 0 0
∫ π ∫ 2π ( t=π/2
2 
=192 sin2 φ cos φ dθdφ = 128π sin3 φ = 128π.
0 0 t=0

(c) In this case, the surfaces are:


 x = r cos θ,
S1 : y = r2 , θ ∈ (0, 2π), r ∈ (0, 1),

z = r sin θ,
and on the other side, the top of it

 x = rsin θ,
S2 : y = 1, r ∈ (0, 1), θ ∈ (0, 2π).

z = rcos θ,

Then the normals are N ⃗ 1 = r(2r cos θ, −1, 2r sin θ) and N

⃗ 2 = (0, r, 0), therefore the surfaces
⃗
are positive oriented and for F(x, y, z) = (0, y, −z) we get
∫∫ ∫ 2π ∫ 1
⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = r(0, r2 , −r sin θ)  (2r cos θ, −1, 2r sin θ) drdθ = −π,
S1 0 0

and ∫∫ ∫ ∫
2π 1
⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = (0, 1, −r cos u)  (0, r, 0) drdθ = π.
S2 0 0

So, ∫∫
⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = 0.
S
13. Let S be the surface made of the hemisphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, z ≥ 0 and its closing disk
x2 + y 2 ≤ 1, z = 0. Let E be the electric vector field E(x,
⃗ y, z) = (2x, 2y, 2z). Find the electric
flow of E through S.
Solution: In this case the surfaces are:

 x = cos θ cos φ,
S1 : y = sin θ cos φ, θ ∈ (0, 2π), φ ∈ (0, π/2),

z = sin φ,

and on the other side, the bottom of it


 x= rsin θ,
S2 : y= rcos θ, r ∈ (0, 1), θ ∈ (0, 2π).

z= 0,

Then the normals are N ⃗ 2 = (0, 0, −r), therefore the

⃗ 1 = cos φ(cos θ cos φ, sin θ cos φ, sin φ) and N
⃗
surfaces are positive oriented and for F(x, y, z) = (2x, 2y, 2z) we get
∫∫ ∫ π ∫ 2π
2
⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S =2 (cos θ cos φ, sin θ cos φ, sin θ)  N
⃗ 1 (θ, φ) dθdφ
S1 0 0
∫ π ∫ 2π
2
=2 cos φ dθdφ = 4π,
0 0

and ∫∫ ∫ π ∫
2
2π
⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = 2 (r sin θ, r cos θ, 0)  (0, 0, −r) drdθ = 0.
S2 0 0

Then ∫∫
⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = 4π.
S
 ⃗
14. If the velocity field of a fluid is V(x, y, z) = (2y, x + y, 1) (in m/s), find the cubic meters of flow
per second through the parabolic cylinder y = 2 − x2 , taking 0 ≤ z ≤ 2, y ≥ 0.
Solution: In this case the surface is easy to parameterise

 x = v, √ √
S: y = 2 − v2, v ∈ (− 2, 2), u ∈ (0, 2).

z = u,

⃗ = (2v, 1, 0), therefore the surface is positive oriented and we get

Then the normal is N
∫∫ ∫ √
2 ∫ 2
√
16 2
⃗
F(x, y, z)  d⃗S = √ (2(2 − v ), 2 + v − v , 1)  (2v, 1, 0) dudv =
2 2
.
S − 2 0 3
15. Find the flow of the vector fields along the surfaces:
⃗
(a) F(x, y, z) = (xy, y 2 + xz, sin(xy)), S is the boundary of the region limited by the parabolic
cylinder z = 1 − x2 and the planes z = 0, y = 0 and y + z = 2.
⃗
(b) F(x, y, z) = (3y 2 z 3 , 9x2 yz 2 , −4xy 2 ), S is the exterior surface of the cube with vertex at
(±1, ±1, ±1).
⃗
(c) F(x, y, z) = (x3 + 3
√ y sin z, y + z sin√ x, 3z), S the boundary of the region limited by the
hemispheres z = 4 − x − y 2 , z = 1 − x2 − y 2 and the plane z = 0.
2

Solution: We leave it for the reader but the answers are

184
(a) .
35
(b) 8,
194π
(c) .
15