Logic of Phantasy 65

Jacques Lacan
雅克 拉康

Lacan Seminar 14:

The Logic of Fantasy 16
幻见的逻辑
Seminar 16: Wednesday, April 12, 1967

Non licet omnibus adire... since no one ever finishes it: ... Corintho. I pronounced the first word in the

Latin way, in order to suggest to you the transaction that "it is not the bus for Corinth" (laughter). The

adage, which was transmitted for us in Latin from a Greek formula, signifies more, I think, than the

remark that at Corinth the prostitutes were dear! They were dear because they initiated you into

something. Therefore, I would say, that it is not enough to pay the price. This is rather what the Greek

formula meant.

「Non licet omnibus adire...」没有人曾经完成「... Corintho」。我用拉丁文拼出第一个字，为了要跟你们建议

这个翻译：「这不是通往科林斯的公车」（笑声）。这句谚语以拉丁文从希腊的惯例传递给我们，可说是意

味深远，我认为不仅是原意的「要去科林斯的妓院，那里美女如雲！」美女如雲是要引诱你们前往。因此，

我说，光是有钱付费，还是不够。这是希腊惯例的言外之意。

It is not open to all, either, to (quotation marks) "become a psychoanalyst".

也不是每一个人都能够「成为一位精神分析师」。

This is way it has been for centuries as regards being a geometer. "Let there enter here" ... you know

what comes next: "only those who are geometers". This requirement was inscribed on the facade of the

most celebrated philosophical school of antiquity and it indicates clearly what is involved: the

introduction to a certain mode of thinking, that we can specify, by taking a further step, namely, that it is

a matter of categories (in the plural).

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几百年来，想要当几何学者也是这种情形。
「欢迎请进」，你知道下面接着是：「具有几何学者身份的人」。这

个条件被铭刻在古代最著名的哲学学院的前面上，它清楚地指示所牵涉到内容。某个思想模式的导引，我

们能够更进一步指明，换句话说，那是范畴的问题。

Categories means (as you know), in Greek, the equivalent of the word "predicaments" in Latin: what is

most radically predicable to define a field.

你们知道，在希腊文里，范畴是拉丁文「情境」这个字相等语。要替一个领域下定义的，最可积极断言的东

西。

This is something that marries with it a specified register of proof. This is why, following the Platonic

requirement, there was heard manifested in a reiterated fashion the pretension of proving more

geometrico:: which bears witness to the degree to which the aforesaid style of proof represented an

ideal.

You know - I would like you to know, I indicated to you as much as I can, namely, within the limits of the

field that is reserved to me - that metamathematics has now, through the range of these categorical

reconstructions that have historically punctuated the conquests of geometry, this metamathematics - I

am saying - has radicalised still more the status of the provable.

这就是某件跟它相配以一个明确的证据。这就是为什麽，跟随在柏拉图的要求之后，会有更多假冒是「几何

学」的证明，听说被反复再三地验证。它见证到，前面所述的证明代表一个理想到达什麽程度。你们知道，

我想要你们知道，我儘可能跟你们指示，换句话说，在保留给我的这领域的范围之内，数学已经使可证明

的地位更加体现。历史上，几何学这门数学，已经被探索得巨细靡遗，我则将它的范畴的重建，运用在精

神分析学上。

As you know, geometry is distancing itself more and more from the intuitions that grounded it - spatial

ones for example - in order to attach itself to being no longer (2) anything more than a specifiable, and

moreover variously layered, form of proof. To the point that in the end, metamathematics is no longer

occupied with anything other than the order of this layering, with the hope of arriving at the most radical

requirements for proof.

你们知道，几何学跟原先作为它的基础的本能直觉，越离越远，例如，空间的本能直觉。它现在念兹在兹

的只是跟一个明确的证明形式，或多层变化的证明形式，有密切关联。甚至到後来，数学家不再专注於这

个证明的层次以外的东西，以便希望到达证据的最积极的要件。

Let us imagine a science that can only begin with what is - in the reconstructions, thus evoked, of a

certain field - their terminal point. There is no point, for such a science, in stammering about an initial

survey, in which there would be ordered a first familiarity with the measurable, or even the transmission

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of the most promising formulae, emerging singularly under the aspect of the secret of calculation. I

mean there is no point in it, or it is at the very least deceptive and vain, to dwell on the Babylonian stage

of geometry. This, because every standard of measurement, encountered at the start, carries from it the

stain of a mirage that is impossible to dissipate.

让我们想像，一门只能从本质出发的科学，在某个领域的重构中，因此会召唤到它的终极目标。对于这样

一门科学，琐碎说出一个起头的研究，是没有意义的。因为开头总是会有一些我们熟悉的可测量的条理，

或甚至是具有展望的公式的传递，以计算的奥秘引入注目地出现。我的意思，去详细描绘巴比伦的舞台的

几何图形，是没有意义，至少是自欺欺人地买弄。

This is what we highlighted first of all in our teaching, in denouncing - without naming it yet with its term

of the imaginary, as we have pinpointed it - the deceptions of narcissism, when we established the

function of the mirror stage. Encountering such an obstacle was the lot of many sciences, in effect. It is

even here that there is situated the privilege of geometry.

这就是我们精神分析学首先强调的地方。我们曾经指出，当我们建立「镜像阶段」的功用时，我们抨击自恋

的欺骗，我们並没有用「想像界」这个术语，指明是它。会遭遇这样的阻碍，是许多科学的命运。事实上，甚

至在这里，几何学的特权仍然有其位置

Here of course, there is offered to us almost immediately, the purity of the notion of magnitude. That it is

not what foolish people believe is not something that is going to detain us here. For the science that we

are imagining, it is a completely different tablature. It is not simply that the standard of measurement is

inoperant in it, but that the very concept of a unit does not fit in, as long as one has not realised the sort

of equality in which its element is established, namely, the heterogeneity that is hidden in it.

当然，几乎是当下，我们就会得到无限宽廣的观念。它並不是愚夫愚妇所认为，不会阻碍我们的前进。对於

我们正在构想的科学，那是一个完全不同的图案平面。那不仅是，测量的标準在那里无法运作，而且也无

法套用一个单位的观念，只要我们还没有体现因缘被建立的这种平等法，换句话说，眾生的差别相，在那

里是平等相。

Just remember the equation of value, in the first steps of Capital (... by Marx for those who might not

know it ... you never know there are perhaps people who are distracted!). Clearly in his writing on this

equation, it is the proportion which results from the price of two pieces of merchandise. So much of one

equals so much of the other: an inverse relation between the price and the quantity of the merchandise

obtained. Now, what is at stake is not at all what is clear, but what it conceals, in terms of what the

equation retains in itself, which is the difference in nature between values thus connected and the

necessity of their difference.

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你们只要记住价值的平等式，在这个「资本论」初期阶段，（马克思为不明暸的人写的书，你们不知道，有

些人被它弄得昏头转向）。显而易见的，在他写作他的平等式时，他关心的是，两件货品的价格，结果会

有怎样的差距比率。前者要有多少，才能等於後者的多少。所得到的货品的价格及数量，彼此的关系要能倒

转。现在，岌岌可危的，並不是它显而易见的部分，而是它隐藏不露的部分，平等式在自身所保留的部分。

这是彼此关联的价值之间，在自然界的差别，以及它们的差别所产生的必要性。

It cannot, in effect, be the proportion, the degree of urgency, for example, of two habitual values, which

grounds the price, nor of that - and for good reason! - of two exchange values. In the equation of values,

one intervenes as a use value and the other as an exchange value. You know that we see a similar trap

being reproduced, when it is the value of work that is at stake.

事实上，价格的基础，不能够建立在以两个习惯的价值，或两个交易价值，这个差别比率上，或迫切需要

的程度上。在价值的平等式，有一个介入作为使用价值，另一个介入作为交换价值。你们知道，当我们谈到

岌岌可危的工作的价值时，我们看到一个相同的陷阱被复制在那里。

The important thing is that it is proved, in this "critical" work (as it entitles itself) that Capital is, that if it

fails to recognise there traps any proof remains sterile and goes astray.

重要的是，在「资本论」的这个「危机的」作品里，（这是它书名的标题），它被证明，假如它並没有体认出

那些陷阱，那任何的证明都的徒劳无功，而且迷失太远。

The contribution of Marxism to science - I am certainly not the one who has done this (3) work - is to

reveal what is latent an necessary at the start - at the very start I mean of political economy..

我确实不是研究马克思主义的专家，但是马克思主义对於科学的贡献，是要揭发人类一开始，生活需要的

潜在因素，从一开头，我就指明，那是政治的经济学方面。

It is the same thing for psychoanalysis, and this sort of latent thing, is what I am calling - what I call, for

my part - what I call structure.

就精神分析学而言，道理也是一样。这种潜在的因素，就是我目前正在说的所谓「结构」。

Having my reservations about every effort to drown this notion - my circumscribing, from starting points

necessary in a certain field that cannot be defined otherwise than the critical field - to drown this in

something that I identify badly under the vague name of "structuralism", you must not believe, of course,

that this latency is lacking in geometry! but history proves that it is at its end-point now that one can be

content to notice it, since it is not by chance that the prejudices about the notion of magnitude, which

come from its handling in the real, have damaged its logical progress. Again it is only now that it can be

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known, by noting that the geometry that has been constructed no longer has any need of measurement,

of the metrical nor even of the space that is described real.

因为对於任何企图淹没潜在性这个观念，以我明确辨认为「结构主义」的模糊的名义，企图淹没它，我相当

有所保留，当然你们一定不要相信，这个潜在性在几何人生里是欠缺的。但是历史证明，既然现在我们能

够清楚回顾，它已经难以为继，因为关於无限廣度的观念，原先是来自真实界的构想，但是对于它的错误

偏见，已经损害了它的逻辑的进展。只有现在，我们知道，我们注意到，曾经被建构的几何图形，不再有

测量的需要，尺度的需要，甚至它不再有被描绘为「真实界」的空间的需要。

It is not the same, as I told you, for other sciences and the question: why can some of them not start up

without having developed these facts, I mean the facts that one can describe as final, since they belong

to the structure.

我告诉过你们，就其它科学而言，情况並不一样。问题是：为什麽有些科学的开始，並没有发展成这些事

实？我的意思是，既然它们都属於结构，它们就能够被描述为具有最後的结果，而精神分析学却不能够？

雄伯译

springherohsiung@gmail.com