CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY

TOPIC-1. BASIC CONCEPTS OF _________ Types of genes.

GENETICS _________Weaker allele on a gene.
_________ Father and mother
_________ Different alleles for a trait.

Below each of the following words are

choices.
CCiirrccllee tthhee cchhooiicceess tthhaatt aarree eexxaam
mpplleess
ooff eeaacchh ooff tthhoossee w woorrddss.

1. Dominant allele

D e k L N n R S
Key Words
2. Recessive allele
Inheritance
Genetics M n d F G r k P
Gene
Homozygote 3. Homozygous dominant
Heterozygote
Dominant AA Gg KK mm uu Rr TT
Phenotype
Genotype 4. Homozygous recessive
P generation
F Genetation ee Ff HH Oo qq Uu ww
Independent gene
Linked gene 5. Genotypes in which dominant gene
must show
A
A.. FFIILLLL IIN
NTTH
HEE B
BLLA
ANNK
KSS..
AA Dd EE ff Jj RR Ss

Use above key words and fill in the blanks

given below.
_________ Short length of DNA that is
code for traits or protein.
_________The passing on traits from
family to children.
_________ Offspring.
_________ Physical appearance of
organism.
___________is the study of inheritance.
_________ Identical alleles for a trait.
_________ Stronger allele on a gene.

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
B
B.. T
TRRU
UEE--FFA
ALLSSEE A) allele B) region
C) locus. D) type

1._ (…)_ The father of genetics is Gregor

Mendel SSH
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2._ (…)_Each characteristic is inherited
with two alleles. 1. Compare gene and allele?
3. _(…)_ Traits are variations of two
characteristics.
4. _(…)__ AA; represent a homozygous
dominant characterisitics.
5. __(…)_Tall,short,red and white are
phenotypes.
2. Compare linked and independent gene?
C
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1. Different forms of a gene are called

_______________
A) traits B) phenotypes
C) genotypes D) alleles.

2. Which of the followings is the

homozygote recessive gene?
A) Aa B) DD C) Ee D) ee

3. Genes are code for ____________?

A) Traits B) Proteins
C) Enzymes D) All of the above

4. Phenotype of organism is determined

by _____
A) Genotypes B) Environment
C) Desire D) a and b

5. Phenylketonuria is an autosomal
recessive disorder. Using "P" and "p" to
represent the alleles, what is the genotype
of a phenylketonuric person?
A) PP B) Pp
C) pp D) Pp or pp

6. The site on the chromosome occupied

by a gene is called a(n)

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY

SOME HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS

1. Shape of Oval dominant, square

face recessive
No cleft dominant, cleft
2. Cleft in chin
recessive
Curly:
3. Hair curl
homozygous,Wavy:
(incomplete
heterozygous, Straight:
dominance)
homozygous
Widow peak dominant,
4. Hairline straight hairline
recessive
5. Eyebrow Broad dominant, slender
size recessive
6. Eyebrow Separated dominant,
shape joined recessive
7. Eyelash Long dominant, short
length recessive
Dimples dominant, no
8. Dimples
dimples recessive
Free lobe dominant,
9. Earlobes
attached recessive
Almond dominant,
10. Eye shape
round recessive
Freckles dominant, no
11. Freckles
freckles recessive
12. Tongue Roller dominant,
rolling nonroller recessive
13. Tongue Inability dominant,
folding ability recessive
14. Finger mid- Hair dominant, no hair
digital hair recessive
Straight thumb
15. Hitch-
dominant, hitch-hiker
hiker's thumb
thumb recessive

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
TOPIC-2. THE LOW OF PROBABLITY 6. The probability of being male in 10th
birth is ____

Key Words 7. The chance of being all girls in 3 births

of a female is ________
Probability
Chance B
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Independent events
Product rule
1. AaBb genes of two traits. What is the
A
A.. FFIILLLL IIN
NTTH
HEE B
BLLA
ANNK
KSS.. chance of formation of a gamete that
contain AB alleles?
A) 1 B) 1/2 C) 1/4 D) 1/8
1. Chance of certain event is calculated in
________________ 2. Aa X Aa
2. Two principles of probability used in In crossing of above generation what is
genetics are: the chance of F1 generation becoming
a.____________________________ same genotype as family?
b. ___________________________ A) 1 B) 1/2 C) 1/4 D) 1/8

3. The sum of all possible products of a 3. Aa X aa

single event is equal to ___ According to above cross, what is the
chance of getting an offspring with the
homozygous recessive phenotype?
A) 0% B) 25% C)50% D)75%

4. The probability that four coins will

come up heads when flipped
simultaneously is _______
4. If we flip a dice probability of coming 5
is _________
A) 1/4 B) 1/2 C) 1/8 D) 1/16

5. A woman has six sons. The chance that

her next child will be a daughter is

A) 1 B) 0 C) 1/2 D) 1/6

5. Bb represents the eye color of a person.

The chance of coming ‚b‛ allele in his
gamete is ________

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
FFU
UNN FFA
ACCTTSS A
ABBO
OUUTT G
GEEN
NEETTIIC
CSS

Nucleotides are the alphabet of DNA.

There are only four "letters" in DNA :
adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and
cytosine (C). They always go by pairs, A
with T, and G with C. Such pairs are
called "base pairs".
 Almost every cell in our body contains
a complete copy of our genome. The
exceptions are egg/sperm cells, which
only carry half of our genome, as well as
red blood cells and some white blood
cells, which have no DNA at all
(otherwise blood transfusions would
often cause an immune reaction, like
organ transplants).
 If unfolded the DNA in each cell's
nucleus would be 2 metres long. Humans
have an estimated 100 trillion cells. In
other words, if the all the DNA from
every cell in a person's body were
patched up together they would form a
strand of 200 billion kilometres, or more
than 1,000 times the distance between
Earth and the Sun.

D
D.. SSH
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1. Explain the rules of independent event

shortly.

2. Two green pea pod were crossed. Find

the probability of being GG, Gg, gg shown
in punnet square?

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
TOPIC-3. GAMETE FINDING A) AAbbcc B) aabbcc
C) AaBBcc D) AABBCc
E) none of the above
A
A.. T
TRRU
UEE--FFA
ALLSSEE
3. Segregation of alleles occurs
A) during gamete formation.
1. _(…)_Number of gamete types B) at fertilization.
produced for traits depend on number of C) during mitosis.
heterozygous traits. D) during development
2. _(…)_ Only one type of gametes can be
produced from homozygous 2 traits. 4. During meiosis each gametes receive
3. _(…)_ Genetic cross cannot be made only one allele of a gene. This is the ____
without knowing gamete types. A) Independent assortment
4. _(…)_ 4 types of gametes can be B) Dominance rules
produced from AaBB genotype? C) Principle of segregation
5. _(…)_ Modern principle of Genetics D) Transmission of trait
based on Mendel works.
6. _(…)_ According to rule of dominance,
alleles segregate in to gametes C
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independently.
1. How many different kinds of gametes
can be formed from following genotypes?
AaSsEERrTThh:
aaDdGgHHkkNn:
EeBbNnMmKkOo:
PPYyTtRrEeFf:
GgHHKkLlOoYy:
2. Compare independent assortment and
the principle of segregation.

B
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1. How many unique gametes could be

produced through independent 3. What is dominance rule?
assortment by an individual with the
genotype AaBbCcDdEE?
A) 4 B) 8 C) 16 D) 32

2. In a certain plant, the alleles A, B, and 4. Write the types of gametes that are
C are completely dominant to the alleles a, produced from following genotypes at
b, and c. A plant with the genotype end of meiosis?
AABbcc will have the same phenotype as
the plant with the genotype _____. Genotypes Gametes
AaBB: AB, aB

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY

AaBb:

AaBBCc:

DdMm:

DdAaBb:

5. Find the genotypes of organisms that

produce gametes given below.

Gametes: Genotype:
A; a

AB; Ab

AB; Ab; aB; ab

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
Topic 4: THE RULES OF MENDEL AND A) P generation B) F1 generation.
THEIR APLICATIONS C) F2 generation D) F1 crosses.

2. Which of the following methods was not

Key Terms used by Mendel in his study of the
genetics of the garden pea?
Independent assortment A) Maintenance of true-breeding lines
Principle of dominance B) Cross-pollination
Principle of segregation C) Microscopy
D) Production of hybrid plants

3. Mendel concluded that each pea has

two units for each character, and each
gamete contains one unit. Mendel’s ‚unit‛
is now referred to as a(n)
A) allele. B) gene.
C) character. D) None of the above

4. Mendel’s crossing of spherical-seeded

pea plants with wrinkled-seeded pea
Independent assortment
plants resulted in progeny that all had
spherical seeds. This indicates that the
wrinkled-seed trait is
A
A.. T
TRRU
UEE--FFA
ALLSSEE
A) heterozygous. B) dominant.
C) recessive. D) Both a and b
1. _(…)_ Traits are inherited by genes.
2. _(…)_ Mendel started his experiment 5. A plant with purple flowers is allowed
with crossing individuals bearing to self-pollinate. Generation after
homozygous trait. generation, it produces purple flowers.
3. _(…)_ Mendel’s F2 generation exhibited This is an example of
same phenotype with F1 generation. A) hybridization
4. _(…)_ Mendel used self-fertilization of B) incomplete dominance.
pea plants to prove his hypothesis. C) true-breeding
5. _(…)_ If all F1 individuals are same, D) the law of segregation.
both parental generations are
homozygous. D
DIID
D YYO
OUUK
KNNO
OWW!!

1. Our entire DNA sequence would fill 200

B
B.. M
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1,000-page New York City telephone
1. If two strains of true-breeding plants directories.
that have different alleles for a certain 2. It would take a person typing 60 words
character are crossed, their progeny are per minute, eight hours a day, around 50
called the ____________ years to type the human genome.

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
3. We eat DNA every day.
4. Many things can cause mutations, 3. Demonstrate Mendel studies by
including UV irradiation from the sun, completing following cross.
chemicals like drugs, etc. Male Female
5. If all three billion letters in the human Parental yy x YY
genome were stacked one millimeter Generation
apart, they would reach a height 7,000
times the height of the Empire State Gametes _____ ______
Building.
6. Over 99% of our DNA sequence is the F1 Generation
same as other humans. ________ Genotype ______ Phenotype
7. If the human genome was a book, it
would be equivalent to 800 dictionaries. Male Female
8. Genes make up only 2-3% of the human Parental Yy x Yy
genome. Generation
9. It takes about 8 hours for one of your
cells to completely copy it's DNA Gametes ( ____ ____) X ( _____ _____)
10. It would take 57 years to recite your
ATCGs at a rate of 100 per minute if you
started tomorrow morning. F2 _______ _______ _______ _____
11. You could fit one million threads of Genotypes
DNA across the period at the end of this Gen.
sentence. _______ _______ _______ ______
12. There are three billion (3,000,000,000) Phenotypes
base pairs in the DNA code within each
cell.
13. Humans have approximately 30,000
genes.

C
C.. SSH
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1. Why Mendel chose pea plant in his

experiments? Explain the features of pea
plant.

2. What is the difference between self-

fertilization and cross-fertilization?

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
Topic 5: MONOHYBRIDE CROSS heterozygous offspring. Leave all the
homozygous recessive offspring
unshaded.
N N N n

n N

n N

N n N n

N n

n n

3. In pea plant, tall pea, T, is dominant to

short pea, t. Complete the following
Punnett squares according to the
directions given. Then, fill in the blanks
1. Examine the following Punnett squares
beside each Punnett square with the
and circle those that are correct.
correct numbers.
D d D D

d Dd dd d Dd DD a. One pea plant is Tt and one is tt.

d Dd dd d Dd Dd

A a A a
Expected number of offspring:
A AA aa a Aa aa ____ Tall pea (TT or Tt)
____ Short pea (tt)
a Aa Aa a Aa aa b. Both pea plants are heterozygous for
lenght.

2.In corn plants, normal height, N, is

dominant to short height, n. Complete
these four Punnett squares showing
different crosses.
Expected number of offspring:
Then, shade red all the homozygous ____ Tall pea (TT or Tt)
dominant offspring. Shade green all the ____ Short pea (tt)

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
F1

4. Hornless (H) in cattle is dominant over Gametes:

horned (h). A homozygous hornless bull
is mated with a homozygous horned cow.
What will be the genotype and phenotype
of the first generation? F2

P1
Genotype ratio:
Gametes:
Phenotype ratio:
5. The possible offspring that are
F1 produced at the end of fertilization are
given below. Find the genotypes of
parents. P: Parents F: Offspring

a) P: ____ x ____ b) P:____ x ____

F: AA, 2Aa, aa F: Aa, aa

c) P: ____ x ____ d) P: ____ x ____

5. In tomatoes, red fruit (R) is dominant
over yellow fruit (r). A plant that is
homozygous for red fruit is crossed with a F: AA, Aa F: AA
plant that has yellow fruit. What would
be the genotypes and phenotypes of the
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P1 and F1 generations?

P1 1. 50 % AA , 50 % Aa
Which of the following parent’s genotypes
Gametes: would produce the proportions in their
offspring shown above?
A) Aa x aa B) Aa x Aa
F1 C) AA x Aa D) AA x aa

2. When crossing two heterozygote

6. If two of the F1 generation from tomato yellow pea, what is the chance of getting
were mated, what would be the genotypes an offspring with the green pea?
and phenotypes of the F2? A) 0% B) 25%C) 50%D) 75%

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
3. Two brown-eyed adults had two with a homozygous tall plant, what is the
children, one with brown eyes and one probability that the offspring will be
with blue eyes. short?
This shows that for eye color, both parents A) 1/2 B) 1/4C) 0D) 1
were _______________
A) homozygous recessive
B) Heterozygous
C) homozygous dominant
D) dihybrid

4. Assume tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t).

If a homozygous dominant individual is
crossed with a homozygous dwarf, the
offspring will ______.
A) all be intermediate in height
B) all be tall
C) be 1/2 tall and 1/2 dwarf
D) be 3/4 tall and 1/4 dwarf
E) all be short

5. 25 % AA , 50 % Aa, 25%aa
Which of the following parent’s genotypes
would produce the proportions in their
offspring shown above?
A) Aa x aa B) Aa x Aa
C) Aa x Aaa D) AA x Aa

6. P = purple, pp = white. The offspring of

a cross between two heterozygous purple-
flowering plants
(Pp × Pp) results in

A) all purple-flowered plants.

B) 3 purple-flowered plants and 1 white-
flowered plants.
C) two types of white-flowered plants: PP
and Pp.
D) all white-flowered plants.
E) all pink-flowered plants.

7. In certain plants, tall is dominant to

short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
Topic 6: DIHYBRID AND TRYHYBRID
CROSS Gamete types SY Sy

SY

Sy

sY

sy

Yellow, smooth phenotype : _____

Yellow, wrinkled phenotype: ____
Green, smooth phenotype:_______
Green, wrinkled phenotype: _____

B
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1. In pea plant genes, one for purple

A
A.. FFIILLLL IIN
NTTH
HEE B
BLLA
ANNK
KSS
flower (P) and one for axial flower (A). If
1. The law of ___________________ pea genotype is PpAa, which of the
states that each allele will be inherited sep following genotypes is possible in a
arately from the others. gamete from this plant?
A) PA B) Pp
2. 9:3:3:1 phenotype ratio is the result we C) PpAa D) P E) aa
would expect to see from a cross between
parents with ___________ 2. A 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio is
genotypes for both traits. characteristic of which of the following?
A) monohybrid cross B) dihybrid cross
3.As you know in pea plants the yellow co C) trihybrid cross D) linked genes
lor (Y) allele is dominant to the green colo
r (y) allele and smooth pea texture (S) is d 3. A trihybrid cross is made between two
ominant to wrinkled (s). yeast, both with genotypes AaBbCc.
Calculate the probabilities of genotype/ph What proportion of the offspring will be
enotypes in the offspring from a cross bet of genotype aabbcc?
ween a SSYy and a SsYy parent. A) 1/64 B) 1/12
C) 1/16 D) 1/32

4. In the cross MMnn x mmNN, what

proportion of the resulting F1 would be
homozygous dominant for both genes?
A) none B) 1/16

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10
C) 3/16 D) all
5. If AaBb is crossed with AaBb, what
proportion of the offspring will be dominant
for the 'A/a' trait and recessive for the 'B/b'
trait (i.e. A-bb)?
A) 9/16 B) 3/16 C) 1/16 D) 0
6. If a heterozygous tall, heterozygous
round (TtRr) pea is crossed with another
heterozygous tall, heterozygous round
(TtRr) pea, the phenotypes of their
offspring would be _________.
A) 9 round, tall; 3 round, wrinkled; 3
short, wrinkled, 1 short, tall
B) 9 tall, round: 3 tall, wrinkled: 3 short,
round: 1 short, wrinkled
C) 8 round tall: 8 short, wrinkled
D) All rounds, tall
E) All wrinkled, short
7. Which offspring’s genotype of the
following is impossible from parents that
have AaBb X AaBB genotypes?
A) AABB B) AaBB C) aaBb
D) Aabb E) AaBb
BIOLOGY
1. In rabbits, gray hair is dominant to
white hair. Also in rabbits, black eyes are
dominant to red eyes. These letters
represent the genotypes of the rabbits:
GG = gray hair BB = black eyes
Gg = gray hair Bb = black eyes
gg = white hair bb = red eyes
1. What are the phenotypes (descriptions)
of rabbits that have the following
genotypes?
Ggbb ____________________
ggBB ____________________
ggbb ____________________
GgBb ____________________
2. A male rabbit with the genotype GGBB
is crossed with a female rabbit with the
genotype ggbb. What would be the
genotypes and phenotypes of the F1
generations?
P
Generation

8. Two organisms that have Gametes

AABbCCDdEe x aaBBCcDdEE genotypes
are crossed. What fraction of the offspring F1
will have AaBBCcDdEe genotype? Generation
A) 3/4 B) 1/16
C) 1/8 D) 1/32

9. In a dihybrid cross, AaBb x AaBb, what

fraction of the offspring will be
homozygous for both traits?
A) 1/16 B) 1/8 C) 3/16 D) ¼

C
C.. A
ANNSSWWEER
RT TH
HEE FFO
OLLLLO
OWWIIN
NGG
Q U E S T
QUESTIONSIO N S

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
3. If two F1 generation from above cross Gamete types:
mated
what would be the genotypes and F1
phenotypes of the F2?

F1

Gametes
B b B b

G GB G

g g
TOPIC 7:

F2 GB Gb gB gb A.TEST CROSS
B. INCOMPLATE DOMINANCE AND
GB CODOMINAMCE

__

__

__
How many out of 16 have gray fur and
black eyes? ________
How many out of 16 have gray fur and
red eyes? ________
How many out of 16 have white fur and
black eyes?
________
How many out of 16 have white fur and
red eyes?________

Write ratio of possible phenotypes of Figure: Test cross

offsprings.
A
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3. Cross ddGgMm and DdGgmm

genotypes. 1. What is a genetic cross called between
an individual of unknown genotype and a
P homozygous recessive?
Generation A) a self-cross B) a test cross
C) a dihybrid cross

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10
D) an F1 cross
2. Which of the following is a test cross?
A) AABB X AaBb B) AaBB x AaBB
C) AABb x aabb D) AaBb x AaBb
3. A 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2
generation of a monohybrid cross is a sign
of _______________________
A) complete dominance.
B) multiple alleles.
C) incomplete dominance.
D) polygenic inheritance.
4. A zebra has a gene for black hair (B)
and a gene for white hair (W). Both of
these traits are expressed in the phenotype
of the zebra by forming black and white
stripes. This genetic pattern is an example
of ______________________
A) codominance
B) law of probability
C) incomplete dominance
D) law of dominance
BIOLOGY
B
B.. FFIILLLL IIN
NTTH
HEE B
BLLA
ANNK
KSS
1. Eye color in dragons shows incomplete
dominance. Red eyes (R) is dominant
over yellow eyes (r) and heterozygotes
have orange eyes. If a heterozygous male
mates with a heterozygous female:
a. Write out the genotypes for both
parents.
Male_Rr____ Female__Rr____
b. Write out the phenotypes for both
parents. Male____Orange eye_____
Female__ Orange eye ___
c. Write out the alleles that will segregate
into the male and female gametes

5. When snap dragons with red (RR)

flowers are crossed with snap dragons
with white (rr) flowers, the resulting
offspring have pink flowers. This
illustrates the principle of:
A) dominance B) codominance
C) probability D) incomplete
dominance

d. Fill in the Punnett square boxes with

the correct allele combinations

e. List all possible genotypes and describe

Picture: Codominace the corresponding phenotypes.

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
GenotypePhenotype 3. In radishes when a plant with red
radishes crossed with white radishes
purple radishes are produced.

a. What would the offspring look like in a

cross between a purple and a white?
f. What is the probability that the b. A red and a white?
offspring will have red eyes? c. A red and a purple?

g. What is the probability that the

offspring will have yellow eyes?

h. What is the probability that the

offspring will have orange eyes?
4. In humans straight hair (ss) and curly
hair (cc) are incomplete dominant traits,
that result in hybrids who have wavy hair
(sc).
a. Cross a curly hair female with a wavy
haired male.
b. What are the chances of having a curly
haired child?
C
C.. A
ANNSSWWEER
RT TH
HEE FFO
OLLLLO
OWWIIN
NGG
Q
QUUEESSTTIIO
ONNSS

1. Why test cross is made?

2. Compare and contrast incomplete

dominance and codominance. Give
example to each of them.

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
TOPIC 8: B
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a. MULTIPLE ALLELE
b. EPISTASIS, PLEIOTROPY, 1. Which of the following include effect of
POLYGENIC INHERITANCE more alleles in single locus?
A) Polygenic inheritance
A. TRUE-FALSE B) Epistasis
1. _(…)_ In multiple allele more than two C) Multiple allele
alleles for one characteristics are found in D) Pleiotropy
different locus of DNA.
2. _(…)_ Mendel discovered multiple 2. AABBCC are three genes for skin color
allelic condition. of human. This is an example to ___
3. _(…)_ Four different genes determine A) Polygenic inheritance
the fur color of rabbit. B) Epistasis
4. _(…)_ In epistasis expression of one C) Multiple allele
gene is modified by other gene. D) Pleiotropy
5. _(…)_ ABO Blood groups are example
to polygenic inheritance. 3. Albinism is a genetic illness in which no
6. _(…)_ AB Blood group is an example to pigmentation occurs in skin and hair. This
codominance. in an example of _________
7. _(…)_ In pleiotropy one gene has A) Polygenic inheritance
multiple effect in phenotype of organism. B) Epistasis
C) Multiple allele D) Pleiotropy

4. In mice two genes determine coat color.

Gene C gives color while gene B gives
Black color. Which colors occur if both C
alleles are recessive?
A) Black B) Brown
C) Gray D) White

5. Sickle cell anemia is example to ______

A) Pleiotropy B) Epistasis
C) Multiple allele
D) Polygenic inheritance

6. Effect one gene depend on other gene in

___
A) Pleiotropy B) Epistasis
Epistasis in horse skin color
C) Multiple allele
D) Polygenic inheritance
7. Which of the following matings can
NOT produce a child with blood type O?

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CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
The letters refer to blood types
(phenotypes). A B
A) A x A B) A x B
C) O x AB D) O x O AB

8. If one parent is blood type AB and the 3. Compare multiple allele and polygenic
other is type O, what fraction of their inheritance. Write their similarity and
offspring will be blood type A? difference.
A) 1/4 B) ½
C) 3/4 D) All of the above

9. 3. A woman with type O blood is 4. If a dark intermediate man and a dark

expecting a child. intermediate woman get married what is
Her husband is type A. Both the woman's the probability of their progeny being
father and her husband's father had type B born with light intermediate skin color.
blood. What is the probability that the (AaBbcc, AabbCc,aaBbCc)?
child will have type O blood?
A) 100% B) 75%
C) 50% D) 25%

C
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OWWIIN
NGG 5. What is the probability of a child
Q U E S T
QUESTIONSIO N S having type O blood if one of its parents is
heterozygous for A blood and the other is
heterozygous for B?
1. Fill the following table about ABO
blood group system.
Blood Genotype Phenot
group ype
Homo- Hetero-
zygus zygous 6. Cross the following genotypes.
A a) RR x rr R: Rh (+) gene
B
AB r: Rh (-) gene
O

b) Rr x Rr
e) AB RR x 00 rr

2. Draw the pattern of transfusion

between blood groups with arrows as
shown below.
O f) A0 RR x B0 rr

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CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
B
BLLO
OOOD
D TTYYP
PEESS threat. Specialised white blood cells will
make antibodies designed to kill Rh-
The two main ways to classify blood positive blood cells.
groups are the ABO system and the Rh  If the woman later conceives another
system. Together, they comprise the eight Rh-positive baby, her immune system will
main blood groups. Other blood group flood the fetus with antibodies. These
systems exist and, to date, researchers antibodies then destroy the baby’s red
have identified around 300 minor factors. blood cells. If left untreated, this can result
in severe anaemia or even death.
The ABO group
 Out of 100 donors . . . . .
The four different blood groups in the
ABO system are A, B, AB and O. A 84 donors are RH+ 16 donors are RH-
person’s blood group is determined by a
38 are O+ 7 are O-
pair of genes, one each inherited from
their mother and father. Each blood group 34 are A+ 6 are A-
is identified by its own set of molecules 9 are B+ 2 are B-
(called antigens), which are located on the 3 are AB+ 1 is AB-
surface of red blood cells. When a person
needs a blood transfusion, it is important
that the donated blood matches their
particular blood group.

The Rh factor

 A person’s blood type used to be

called their ‘Rhesus type’ but now we
simply say ‘Rh type’. Our Rh type is
determined by a pair of genes, one
inherited from each parent. Blood is either
Rh-positive or Rh-negative, depending on
whether or not certain molecules are
present.
A person who is Rh-negative will
experience a severe immune system
reaction if Rh-positive blood gets into
their bloodstream. This can happen
during pregnancy if an Rh-negative
woman carries an Rh-positive baby. If
blood cells from the baby travel across the
placenta, the woman’s immune system
will regard the Rh-positive cells as a

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10
Topic 9: CHROMOSOME THEORY
A. TRUE-FALSE
1. _(…)_ Sutton proposed that genes are
located on chromosomes.
2. _(…)_ Passing of genes from one
generation to next on same chromosome is
called linkage.
3. _(…)_ Number of genes smaller than
the chromosome in same organism.
4. _(…)_ In linked genes recombination
occur by crossing over.
5. _(…)_ The more distant genes on a
chromosome the more possible to separate
by crossing over.
6. _(…)_ Distance between genes of same
chromosome can be measured exactly.
B. MULTIPLE CHOICES
1. Four genes (A, B, C, and D) are on the
same chromosome. The recombination
frequencies are as follows: A-B: 19%; B-C:
14%; A-C: 5%; B-D: 2%; A-D: 21%; C-D:
16%. Based on this information, which
sequence of genes is correct?
A) ABCD B) ABDC
C) ACBD D) ACDB
2. New combinations of linked genes are
due to __________
A) crossing over.
B) environmental changes such as
temperature extremes.
C) independent assortment.
D) nondisjunction.
3. If two genes are linked _____.
A) they are on different chromosomes
B) they assort independently
C) they code for the same protein
D) they are on the same chromosome
Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________
BIOLOGY
4. A linkage map ______________
A) can show actual loci of genes.
B) requires preparation of karyotypes.
C) is a genetic map based on
recombination frequencies.
D) reflects the frequency of crossing over
between X and Y sex chromosomes.
5. When does crossing over occur, during
___?
A) meiosis B) mitosis
C) Asexual reproduction
D) Development
6. The frequency of crossing over between
any two linked genes is
A) determined by their relative
dominance.
B) higher if they are recessive.
C) proportional to the distance between
them.
D) difficult to predict.
C
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1. What is gene chromosome theory?
2. Why the rule of independent
assortment is not always correct for genes
on the same chromosome?
3. In a particular species of mammal, black
hair (B) is dominant to green hair (b), and
red eyes (R) are dominant to white eyes
(r). When a BbRr individual is mated with
a bbrr individual, the observed
distribution of offspring was as follows:
black-red 1,060; black-white 187; green-
red 170; green-white 1,082. Based on these
CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
data, what is the recombination
frequency?

2. Five genes are on the same

chromosome. Recombination frequencies
are as follows; A-B: 14%, A-E: 20%, A-D:
11%, A-C: 5%, B-E: 6%, D-E: 9%
According to this information find gene
sequence of this chromosome.

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
4. The chromosomes that carry the genes
Topic 10: SEX DETERMINATION that have a role in sex determination are
called ________
_____________________________
A
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5. In every cell of all organisms, the

1. _(…)_ Phenotypic sex determination chromosomes (not including the sex
include environmental factors. chromosomes) carrying genes for the
2._ (…)_ If new hatchling of sea worm formation of somatic traits are called
attach to mother’s body it becomes female. ________________________.
3. _(…)_ If larvae of honey bee nourished
with sufficient food it develop in to queen. 6. Sex chromosomes are found in either
4. _(…)_ XX or XY chromosomes are sex homologous _____, or non-homologous
chromosomes or gonosomes in human. ______ condition.
5. _(…)_ ZZ chromosome give female
characteristic to some birds.
6. _(…)_ In some social insect diploid (2n) 33.. M
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organisms are male while haploids (n) are
male. 1. Which of the following factor is not
phenotypic in sex determination?
A) Temperature C) Nutrition
B
B.. FFIILLLL IIN
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mother

1. In some ______________ male and 2. Which of the following is a mechanism

females have similar genotypes but of genotypic sex determination in
stimuli from environmental sources drosophlia?
initiate development toward one sex or A) ZZ-ZW C) XX-XY
the other. B) XX-XO D) Diploid- Haploid

2. Phenotypic ______________ is also 3. Which of the following is a mechanism

observed in some plants. If the bulb of genotypic sex determination in birds?
shapes roots of Arisaema japonica are big A) ZZ-ZW C) XX-XY
(because of extra reserves), that plant B) XX-XO D) Diploid- Haploid
forms only __________ flowers. If surplus
nutrients are in small amounts, the plant 4. Which of the following is a mechanism
forms only _________ flowers. of genotypic sex determination in
grasshopper?
3. Genotypic sex determination is A) ZZ-ZW C) XX-XY
controlled by the ______________ of the B) XX-XO D) Diploid- Haploid
organism.

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
5. Which of the following factors in the substances necessary to sustain life,
vertebrate animals determine secondary including enzymes, vitamins, minerals,
characteristics? and water
A) Reproductive hormones secreted by 5. Honey bees have 6 legs, 2 compound
sex organs eyes made up of thousands of tiny lenses
B) Environmental factors (one on each side of the head), 3 simple
C) Nerve impulses produced by brain. eyes on the top of the head, 2 pairs of
D) They develop spontaneously wings, a nectar pouch, and a stomach.
6. Honey bees have 170 odorant receptors,
PPHHEENNOOTTYYP
PIIC
C SSEEX
X compared with only 62 in fruit flies and 79
in mosquitoes.
D
DEETTEER
RMMIIN
NA ATTIIO
ONN IIN
NHHO ONNEEYY B
BEEEE
7. The honey bee's wings stroke incredibly
fast, about 200 beats per second, thus
making their famous, distinctive buzz. A
honey bee can fly for up to six miles, and
as fast as 15 miles per hour.
8. The average worker bee produces about
1/12th teaspoon of honey in her lifetime.
9. A hive of bees will fly 90,000 miles, the
The term queen bee is typically used to
equivalent of three orbits around the earth
refer to an adult, mated female that lives
to collect 1 kg of honey.
in a honey beecolony or hive; she is
10. A colony of bees consists of 20,000-
usually the mother of most, if not all, the
60,000 honeybees and one queen. Worker
bees in the hive. The queens are developed
honey bees are female, live for about 6
from larvae selected by worker bees and
weeks and do all the work.
specially fed in order to become sexually
mature. There is normally only one adult,
mated queen in a hive.
(www.wikipedia.org)

Amazing Facts about honey bee!

1.The honey bee has been around for

millions of years.
2. Honey bees are environmentally
friendly and are vital as pollinators.
3. It is the only insect that produces food
eaten by man.
4.Honey is the only food that includes all

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
2. _(…)_ Nucleotides are named according
44.. SSH
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R to their nitrogenous base, like Adenine
nucleotide.
1. Explain how phenotypic or genotypic 3. _(…)_ In DNA number Adenine joins
sex determination related with with Cytosine and Guanine joins with
complexity? Tymine.
4. _(…)_ Two chain of DNA is connected
with Hydrogen bonds.
5. _(…)_ DNA replicate itself by
conservative replication.
2. Why do human sex chromosomes 6. _(…)_ Replication and duplication are
represented with double X letters in synonyms which refers copy ability of
female and XY letters in males? DNA.
7. _(…)_ RNA has deoxyribose sugar
which differ from DNA.
3. Which parent (male and female) 8. _(…)_ tRNA is transport amino acids
determines the sex of child? Why? from cytopladsm to ribosome.

B
B.. FFIILLLL IIN
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4. Write chromosome numbers of the
following organisms.
1. Triple nucleotide units on m RNA is
Queen: ___ Soldier: ___ called ________
Worker:___ Male: ___ 2. DNA copy itself in the rule of
________________________
Topic 11: MOLECULAR BASIS OF 3.First strand of DNA
INHERITANCE is__________________to the second
strand.
4. Synthesis of mRNA from DNA is called
Key Words ____________________
5.Production of polypeptide according to
Nucleotide Replication mRNA code is called
Transcription Translation ___________________
Codon Anticodon 6. Represor proteins
mRNA tRNA are coded by
Operon Promoter __________________
Operator _______
7. The site of DNA in
A
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polymerase binds
1. _(…)_ DNA is the blueprint of for transcription is
organism. called_____________

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
____. 4. 15. In mRNA the "start" sequence is
8. The part of DNA that controls _____________________________
expression of structural genes is called A) UAA B)UAG C)UGA D)AUG
_________________
5. In a process called _____________, the
initial tRNA is ejected from the ribosome.
A) elongation B) translocation
C) initiation D) transcription

6. The process of _______________ cuts

introns from the primary transcript and
the final "processed" mRNA is produced.
A) RNA cleaving B) RNA translocation
C) RNA elongation D) RNA splicing

7. The direct result of transcription is:

____________________________
A) a duplicate DNA molecule
B) Nrna C) a protein D) mRNA

8. Which one of the following is not

associated with transcription?
A) tRNA B) mRNA
C) RNA polymerase D) DNA
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9. In an analysis of the nucleotide
composition of DNA, which of the
1. The order in which nucleotides are following is true?
moved along the ribosomes binding sites A) A = C B) A = G and C = T
is C) A + C = G + T D) T + A = G + C
A) APE B) PEA
C) EPA D) EAP 10. A repressor protein binds with
A) messenger RNA B) the operator
2. In eukaryotes, there are __________ C) the regulator D) a product
codons that specify amino acids.
A) 21 B) 24 C) 61 D) 64 E) 60 11. In a DNA there are 24000 nucleotides.
If number of Adenines are 4500, find the
3. In eukaryotes, the "start" codon also number of cytosine nucleotides?
specifies the amino acid, A) 6500 B) 7000
A) phenylalanine B) valine C) 7500 D) 8000
C) aspartate D) methionine
E) methionine 12. The lactose operon includes
A) an operator

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CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
B) three structural genes that
manufacture lactose-metabolizing
enzymes
C) a promoter
D) an operator, three structural genes
that manufacture lactose- 2. What is central dogma?
metabolizing enzymes, and a
promoter

Answer questions 13–17 in reference to

the five items of gene regulation listed
below.
a. operon b. operator 3. Compare regulation of transcription in
c. promoter d. lactose lac operon and Trp operon? What are their
e. regulator gene differences?

13. This item contains regulator,

promoter, and operator regions.

14. A repressor protein can shut down

transcription by binding to this item.
4. What is mRNA processing? Why it is
15. This item codes for the production of necessary?
the repressor.

16. When the repressor is inactivated,

RNA polymerase can bind to this item
and allow transcription to occur.

17. The molecule that can activate the

operon is represented by this item.

Answers: 13.___ 14.___ 15. ___

16. ___ 17. ___

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1. What are differences between DNA and

RNA?

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY

LLA
ACC ((LLA
ACCTTO
OSSEE)) O
OPPEER
ROON
N

Operon is a part of DNA that

control production of a protein. It is made
of regulatory gene, promoter, operator
and genes for transcription.
Lactose operon is a type of operon
that is found in bacillus bacteria.
Production of enzymes for lactose sugar
is managed by this operon.
If lactose is absent repressor protein
remains active and binds to operator since
lac operon is switched off.
If lactose is present it binds to
repressor protein and makes it inactive. So
repressor cannot bind to operator and Lac
operon is switched on. It start to produce
necessary enzymes to break down lactose
sugar.

Figure: Lac operon switched off

Figure: Lac operon switched on.

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10
Topic 12: CHANGES IN GENETIC
MATERIAL
A
A.. T
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1. _(…)_ Genetic material of eukaryotic
cell is highly protected with proteins and
nuclear membrane.
2. _(…)_ Change in the whole genetic
material is called macromutation or
chromosomal mutation.
3. _(…)_ In inversion a non homologous
chromosomes swap pieces.
4. _(…)_ All mutations are harmful.
5. _(…)_ In euploidy chromosome number
multiples or turn in to haploid condition.
6. _(…)_ In triploidy chromosome number
becomes 3n+1.
7. _(…)_ Male honey bee is a monoploid
(n) organism.
8. _(…)_ Colchisin is a chemical that
prevent crossing over during meiosis.
BIOLOGY
very important in formation of new
genetic variations.
4. If the chromosome number is some
multiple of n it is called _____________.
5. A cross between a tetraploid plant and a
diploid hybrid individual of the same
species gives a ___________ plant.
6. If one chromosome is missing in a
diploid individual (2n-1) it is called
_______________________.
7. _______________ occur in the structure
of DNA during replication, formed
abnormal genes.
8. Mutation causing factor is called
____________________.
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1. Which of the following mutation is not
a structural change?
A) Deletion B) Inversion
C) Translocation D) Transduction

Answer questions 2–6 in reference to the

five items of mutation listed below.

A. Translocation B. Inversion
C. Deletion D. Dublication
Picture: Polydactyly (extra digits) is a
E. Polyploid
type of mutation

2. Removal a piece of chromosome

B
B.. FFIILLLL IIN
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3. Two non-homologous chromosome
swap pieces 4. Repeating a piece of
1. Change in the genetic material is chromosome
called______________.
2. In ____________ one segment of 5. Multiple of usual chromosome number.
chromosome comes two times.
3. ____________ is types of change in the 6. A segment flips 1800 and reattach
structure of chromosome in which it is
2. ___ 3. ___ 4.___ 5.___ 6.___

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
7. All of the following chromosomal 14. Which of the following mutations
mutation except; cause to lose of genes from Karyotype?
A) Diploidy B) Trisomy A) Polyploidy B) Deletion
C) Nucleotide reduction C) Inversion D) Dublication
D) Deletion

8. Which of the following is a form of D

D.. SSH
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aneuploidy?
A) Diploidy B) Turner syndrome 1. What are mutagens?
C) Point mutation D) Deletion

9. Abnormal change in nucleotide level of

chromosome is called _____ 2. What is the difference between
A) Diploidy B) Turner syndrome Chromosomal and Point mutations?
C) Monosomy D) Point mutation

10. Which of the following is a visible

effect of mutation? 3. Which type of change in the structure of
A) Change in DNA code chromosomes are harmful and which are
B) Change in protein structure beneficial?
C) Change in phenotype
D) Change in genes

11. Which of the following illnesses 4. Why polyploidy can be a beneficial

caused by mutation? mutation? Explain it?
I. Cancer II. AIDS
III. Sickle cell anemia
IV. Down syndrome
V. Pneumonia 4. Compare euploidy and aneuploidy?
A) I-II-III B) II-III-V Write their difference?
C) I-IV-V D) I-II-IV

12. Polyploidy especially can be seen in SSM

MOOK
KIIN
NGGCCA
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A) Plant B) Human
C) Animal D) Bacteria Recent studies have uncovered yet
13. Which of the following most another negative effect of smoking – the
threatening mutagens of people in this genetic mutation of DNA. A recent
century? Canadian study has demonstrated that
A) Chemicals B) Cigarette smoking causes DNA mutations within
C) Light D) Acids sperm cells, implementing that children of
male smokers may inherit permanent and

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
negative changes to their DNA before
they are even born.

Two comprehensive studies

conducted in the United States and the
United Kingdom have further revealed
that a single lung tumor is likely to
contain tens of thousands of genetic
mutations, and that additionally fifteen
cigarettes will cause a single genetic
mutation. If you’re wondering whether
genetic mutation is really a big deal, let
me assure you, it is. When cells are caused
injury because of the body’s condition,
which may include being exposed to the
sun’s harmful UV rays or smoke
inhalation, the cell becomes a genetic
‚error‛ and begins to multiply in an out-
of-control fashion. This mutated cell
literally becomes cancerous, and as it
continues to multiply, it will either form a
malignant or benign tumor.
If smoking just fifteen cigarettes has
the potential to mutate your genes and
give you cancer, every pack of cigarettes
you buy could put you on your deathbed.
For example, smoking just one pack of
cigarettes per week will leave you with
forty-eight gene mutations at the end of
the year, one of which could be life-
threateningly cancerous.

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
Topic 13: HUMAN KARYOTYPE AND 5.Distribution of traits among members of
PEDIGREE a family is shown in a diagram called
______________.

T
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1. _(…)_ Human has 23 pairs of body Answer questions 1–5 in reference to the
chromosome and 2 sex chromosome. five items of pedigree listed below.
2. _(…)_ Human karyotype refers
alignment of chromosomes according to A. E group chromosomes.
certain system. B. C group chromosomes.
3. _(…)_ In karyotyping C group have 7 C. Idiogram
similar chromosomes. D. Dark bands on chromosomes.
4. _(…)_ A pedigree is a table, chart or E. Pedigree
diagram that shows the ancestral history
of an individual. 1. Family tree
5._ (…)_ In pedigree shaded circles 2. A diagram of human karyotype.
indicate carrier males of certain traits. 3. Chromosome from 6 to 12.
6. _(…)_ Pedigrees are either autosomal or 4. Chromosomes from 16 to 18
gonosomal. 5. Exons

1. ___ 2.___ 3.___ 4.___ 5.___

6. Chromosomes are numbered from 1 to

22 according to their ____
B. FILL IN THE BLANKS A) Size B) Proteins
C) Centromeres D) Genes
1. Females have _____ pairs of body
chromosome and ____ sex chromosomes. 7. Pedigree is prepared according to
2. According to naming system __________
chromosomes are divided into ___ groups A) Autosomes B) Gonosomes
these are _________________ based on C) Both autosomes or gonosomes
their size and the position of their D) Neither of them
centromeres.
3. A pedigree is used to determine Refer to the pedigree chart in Figure 13.1
whether an individual is heterozygous or for a family, some of whose members
_____________ for a certain trait. exhibit the trait for wooly hair.
4. The sex cells are both the same in
females; ______ but different in males;
____

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
2. Albinism is carried with a recessive
allele. In the following pedigree a normal
male married with albino female. Find the
genotype of I1, II2 , III2

14. What is the genotype of individual B-

5?
A) WW only B) Ww only
C) ww only D) WW or ww
3. Today, with the help of new techniques,
some of the nucleotide sequence of human
15. What is the genotype of individual D-
chromosomes has been defined. What is
3?
the benefit of this development to
A) WW only B) Ww only
humanity?
C) ww only D) WW or ww

D
DIID
D YYO
OUUK
KNNO
OWW!! B
BAAR
RRRB
BOOD
DYY

D
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1. In the following pedigree fill in the

blanks and circle the following items.
A. Normal marriage
B. Father mother and kids.
C. Normal Nephew A Barr body (named after
discoverer Murray Barr) is the inactive X
chromosome in a female somatic cell. The
Lyon hypothesis states that in cells with
multiple X chromosomes, all but one are
inactivated during mammalian
embryogenesis. This happens early in
embryonic development at random in
mammals except in marsupials and in
some extra-embryonic tissues of some
placental mammals, in which the father's
X chromosome is always deactivated.

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
The main reason why one of the X
chromosomes goes inactive is very
simple..... gene overdose!!!! another
words, if both X's which contain pretty
identical regions for the most part since
they are usually pertaining to
developmental proteins and shaping of
the brain and what not, if both were
turned on, cells were be toxified so to
speak with all the proteins created by
these two very similar chromosomes.
How cell understood this problem and
inactivated second X chromosome?

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10
Topic 14: SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE
IN HUMAN
TRUE- FALSE
1. _(…)_ Daltonism is an X linked disease.
2. _(…)_ Males can be carrier of
hemophilia
3. _(…)_ Human body unable to control
bleeding in hemophilia.
4. _(…)_Attached finger or toes is an X
linked disease.
5. _(…)_ Colorblindness and hemophilia
especially seen in intermarried families.
6. _(…)_ Scaled skin and hair in the ear are
Y linked traits.
B
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1. A colorblind individual can not
distinguish between _______ and
___________
2. Colorblindness can occur in females
only if the colorblindness gene is
________________
3. If mother have hemophilia all her
________ will born with hemophilia.
4. Complete colorblindness is carried with
____________ chromosomes.
5. In humans, sex linked inheritance is
based on _______ and _______
chromosomes.
Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________
BIOLOGY
6. A carrier mother get married with a
hemophilic father. Write possible
genotype and phenotypes of gametes and
their offspring in figure below.
(XH:Normal gene, Xh: Hemophilia gene)
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1. In an X-linked, or sex-linked trait, it is
the contribution of _____ that determines
whether a son will display the trait.
A) the mother B) the father
C) the paternal grandmother
D) the paternal grandfather
2. A colorblind woman and a man with
normal vision have a son. What is the
probability that the son is colorblind?
A) 100 percent B) 75 percent
C) 50 percent D) 25 percent
3. Red-green color blindness is a sex-
linked recessive trait in humans. Two
people with normal color vision have a
color-blind son. What are the genotypes of
the parents?
A) XcXc and XcY B) XcXc and XCY
C) XCXC and XcY D) XCXc and XCY
4. If a daughter expresses an X-linked
recessive gene, she inherited the trait from
A) her mother B) her father
C) both parents D) neither parent
5. Red-green colorblindness is an X-linked
recessive trait in humans. What is the
CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
probability that a colorblind woman and a b. What is the probability of parents 1 and
man with normal vision will have a 2 having a hemophiliac child?
colorblind daughter?
A) 0 percent B) 75 percent
C) 50 percent D) 25 percent

D
D.. SSH
HOOR
RTTA
ANNSSW
WEER
R

1. Colorblindness is carried with a

recessive allele on X chromosome. In the
following pedigree a colorblind male
married with normal female. Find the
genotype of individual II-2, III-3, IV-5
4. What is the probability that a male will
(XrY: Colorblind male), (XRXr: Carrier
inherit an X-linked recessive allele from
female)
his father?

Answer: _________

5. A woman is a carrier for red-green

colorblindness, a sex-linked trait. Her
husband is colorblind. What are the
chances that their newborn daughter will
be red-green color-blind?

Answer: ____

2. A Hemophilia carrier woman marries a

man that has normal genetic structure.
What is the probability of Hemophilia
children in their offspring?

3. a. Females who have more than four

sons, with nonexhibiting hemophilia, are
likely to have the genotype NN. If she has
had four or fewer sons her genotype is
less certain. In such cases her genotype is
labelled N. LABEL THE REST OF THE
FEMALES AS EITHER N? OR NN.

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
HUMAN GENETIC DISEASES A) Meta female B) Turner syndrome
Topic 15: NONDISJUNCTION C) Down syndrome D) Meta male

A 5. Which of the following is type of

A.. T
TRRU
UEE--FFA
ALLSSEE
autosomal nondisjunction?
A) Meta female B) Turner syndrome
1._(…)_ Making genetic experiment with C) Down syndrome D) Meta male
human is illegal in laws.
2. _(…)_ Today diagnosis and treatment of 6. _____s are tall and fertile, but mentally
genetic diseases are easier. subnormal, antisocial.
3. _(…)_ Probablity of being genetic ill in A) Meta female B) Turner syndrome
boy and girl equal. C) Down syndrome D) Meta male
4. _(…)_ Mongolism is a type
nondisjunction.
5. _(…)_ In Turner female one X B
B.. FFIILLLL IIN
NTTH
HEE B
BLLA
ANNK
KSS
chromosome is more than usual.
6. _(…)_ Down syndrome can be seen in 1. Research on humans is based on
both female and males. _____________,
7. _(…)_ Nondisjunction occur during twins, ______________, population
meiosis. methods and ___________________.
8. _(…)_ Metamales are infertile.
2. Gene disorders are inherited by
________________ dominant or autosomal
C ___________ inheritance, or
C.. M
MUULLT
TIIPPLLEE C
CHHO
OIIC
CEESS
______________ linked inheritance.
1. Which one of the following is the only
known viable human Monosomy? 3. ________________; having more
A) XYY B) XO chromosomes than normal.
C) YO D) XY
4. _________________ is characterized by
2. In ______ there is an extra Y varying degrees of mental retardation;
chromosome. short in height, round full face enlarged
A) Down syndrome B) Turner syndrome and creased tongue, and noticeable eye
C) Kleinfelter syndrome D) Meta male folds.

3. In ____ syndrome the affected people

are female but undeveloped genitals and
sterile.
A) Down syndrome B) Turner syndrome
C) Kleinfelter syndrome D) Meta male 5. Fill in the blanks in the following figure.

4. In _____ syndrome there is an extra X

chromosome.

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY

D. SHORT ANSWER

1. What is the meaning of Non-

disjunction?

2. What are the symptoms of kleinfelter

syndrome?

3. Compare a mongoloid male and meta

male?

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
Topic 16: AUTOSOMAL GENETIC A) albinism B) hemophilia
DISEASES IN HUMANS C) progeria
D) Huntington’s disease

A
A.. T
TRRU
UEE--FFA
ALLSSEE Match the following disorder with their
cause.
3. ___ __Down syndrome
1. _(…)_ If genetic disease caused by 4. _____hemophilia
autosomal recessive genes, an individual 5. _____ Turner syndrome
must be homozygous recessive in order to 6 ____Albinism
be affected. 7. ____Huntington’s disease
2. _(…)_ Today most genetic disease can 8. _____ colorblindness
be cured.
3. _(…)_ PKU sufferers lack enzyme A. autosomal recessive inheritance
carboxylase which convert phenylalanine B. nondisjunction of the twenty-first
to tyrosine. chromosomal pair
4. _(…)_ Albinism is an autosomal C. X-linked recessive inheritance
recessive disorder. D. nondisjunction of the sex
5. _(…)_ Albino person lack melanin chromosomes
pigment in hair. E. Autosomal dominant inheritance
6. _(…)_ In cyctic fibrosis sufferer must eat
low carbohydrate diet. 9. Four of the five answers listed below
7. _(…)_ In sickle cell anemia, abnormal are caused by recessive genes. Select the
erythrocyte block tiny blood vessels. exception.
8. _(…)_ In Tay-Sachs disease lipids A) Huntington disorder
accumulate in the brain and nervous B) hemophilia
system began to breakdown. C) colorblindness
D) phenylketonuria

B
B.. M
MUULLT
TIIPPLLEE C
CHHO
OIIC
CEESS 10. Which of the following disease occurs
either from environmental factors or
1. Albinos have a genotype of (aa), while inheritance.
all other members of a population are A) Huntington disorder
either (Aa) or (AA). The offspring of a B)phenylketonuria
cross between a heterozygous male and an C)Deafness
albino female would be: D) hemophilia

A) 100% albino B) 100% normal

C) 50% normal; 50% albino
D) 25% normal; 75% albino

2. Which of the following is more common

in males?

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10 BIOLOGY
6. Hypertension, cancer, diabetes, harelip,
11. Abnormal mucus secretion in cleft palate are example to ___________
respiratory tract is seen in _____ diseases.
A)phenylketonuria
B) Cystic fibrosis 7. ______________ is an autosomal
C) colorblindness dominant connective tissue disorder
D) hemophilia characterized by unusually long limbs.

12. In which disease glutamic acid replace 8. ____________ is having many finger or
with valine in the structure of toes.
hemoglobin?
A) phenylketonuria
B) Cyctic fibrosis D
D.. SSH
HOOR
RTTA
ANNSSW
WEER
R
C) Sickle cell anemia
D) Color blindness
1. What is the reason of phenylketonuria?

C
C.. FFIILLLL IIN
NTTH
HEE B
BLLA
ANNK
KSS

1. Without melanin an individual appears

completely____________, with
extremely________ skin, _______hair and 2. Why hair loss is seen in male more than
pink eyes. female?

2. A Person who is ____________ with

cystic fibrosis lacks a functional form of a
transmembrane protein that is a CI ion
channel.
3. What are the symptoms of Marfan
syndrome?
3. In sickle cell anemia the abnormal
hemoglobin called S differs from normal
hemoglobin, called ________________.

4. The gene responsible for red and green

vision is located on the ____ 4. What is amnio-synthesis? Explain it
____________________. shortly?

5. In Tay-Sachs disease sufferer unable to

synthesize an ________ that prevents lipid
building up in __________.

Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________

CLASS 9,10
FFEETTA
ALL A
ALLC
COOH
HOOLL SSYYN
NDDR
ROOM
MEE
Fetal alcohol syndrome is growth, mental,
and physical problems that may occur
in a baby when a mother drinks alcohol
during pregnancy.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Using or abusing alcohol during
pregnancy can cause the same risks as
using alcohol in general. However, it
poses extra risks to the unborn baby.
When a pregnant woman drinks
alcohol, it easily passes across the
placenta to the fetus. Because of this,
drinking alcohol can harm the baby's
development.
A pregnant woman who drinks any
amount of alcohol is at risk for having a
child with fetal alcohol syndrome. No
"safe" level of alcohol use during
pregnancy has been established. Larger
amounts of alcohol appear to increase
the problems. Binge drinking is more
harmful than drinking small amounts
of alcohol.
Timing of alcohol use during pregnancy is
also important. Alcohol use appears to
be the most harmful during the first 3
months of pregnancy; however,
drinking alcohol any time during
pregnancy can be harmful.
Date: ____/_____________/ 2013 Signature: _____________________
BIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS
A baby with fetal alcohol syndrome may
have the following symptoms:
 Poor growth while the baby is in
the womb and after birth
 Decreased muscle tone and poor
coordination
 Delayed development and
problems in three or more major areas:
thinking, speech, movement, or social
skills
 Heart defects such as ventricular
septal defect (VSD) or atrial septal
defect (ASD)
 Problems with the face, including:
o Narrow, small eyes
o Small head
o Small upper jaw
o Smooth groove in upper lip
o Smooth and thin upper lip
TREATMENT
Women who are pregnant or who are
trying to get pregnant should avoid
drinking any amount of alcohol. Pregnant
women with alcoholism should join an
alcohol abuse rehabilitation program and
be checked closely by a health care
provider throughout pregnancy.