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Optical instruments are the devices which processes light wave to enhance
an image for more clear view. You use an optical instrument usually to
make things bigger and to see fine details of objects with the help of
something very simple like a magnifying glass or any complicated device
like microscope or telescope. To make things look bigger, you should
always use the converging lenses as diverging lenses always gets you
smaller images.
Definition
Power of Accommodation
The process by which the ciliary muscles change the focal length of an eye
lens to focus distant or near objects clearly on the retina is called the
accommodation of the eye.
To focus on distant objects the ciliary muscles relax making the eye lens
thin.
As a result the focal length of the eye lens increases and we see the distant
objects.
But to focus on nearby objects the ciliary muscles contract making the eye
lens thick. As a result the focal length of the eye lens decreases and we see
the nearby objects.
In short it is the adjustment of the focal length of the eye lens which
enables us to focus on objects situated at different distances.
Near point or least distance of distinct vision is the point nearest to the eye
at which an object is visible distinctly.
Far Point
Far point of the eye is the maximum distance up to which the normal eye
can see things clearly. It is infinity for a normal eye.
Range of Vision
The distance between the near point and the far point is called the range of
vision.
Magnifying Power
1. Simple microscope
2. Compound microscope
Simple Microscope
2. It is also used by the jewelers to see the magnified view of the fine parts
of jewellery.
3. Simple microscope is used to see the enlarged image of letters of a book,
textures of fibers or threads of a cloth.
m = 1 +
Where, D = least distance of distinct vision
F = focal length of the convex lens
It should be noted that the focal length of the convex lens should be
small because smaller the focal length of the lens, greater will be its
magnifying power. Also the maximum magnification of a simple
microscope is about 10, which means that the object will appear 10 times
larger by using the simple microscope of maximum magnification.
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
A compound microscope is an optical instrument consisting of two
convex lenses of short focal lengths which is used for observing the highly
magnified images of tiny objects. The compound microscope can magnify
the image of a tiny object up to 1000.
m =
m =
By using a second mirror (and even a third one, in some telescopes), the
optical path in a reflector can be folded back on itself, permitting a long
focal length to be attained with an instrument housed in a short tube. A
short tube can be held by a smaller mounting system and can be housed in
a smaller dome than a long-tube refractor.