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Material Science (MS) and Heat Treatment (HT) Mechanical Engineering Interview Questions
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Material Science (MS) and Heat Treatment (HT) Mechanical Engineering Interview Questions
Answers
Free Study Materials 06:02 1 comments
Frequently asked top Mechanical Engineering Interview Questions and answers on Material Science (MS) and Heat
Treatment (HT) for Freshers and 2-5 year Experienced Mechanical Engineers. For students, viva questions are also
provided.
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6) De ne the following properties of metal : (a) Fusibility (b) Stiffness (c) Ductility
• Fusibility. It is the property of metal due to which a metal becomes uid when it is heated.
• Stiffness. It is the property of metal due to which a metal is capable of resisting de ection due to an externally
applied load.
• Ductility. It is the property of metal due to which a metal can be drawn into the form of wires without rupture.
10) What is the difference between Wrought iron, Cast iron and Pig iron ?
Wrought iron contains less than 0.1% carbon and this is a product of puddling furnace. Cast iron is produced from
cupola furnace. It contains 33.5% carbon in combined or free state. Pig iron is an iron carbon alloy contains 35%
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carbon along with impurities like manganese, sulphur and phosphorous. It is a product of blast furnace.
15) What are the chemical composition of Gun metal, German silver and Duralumin ?
• Gun metal is an alloy of 88% copper, 10% tin and 2% zinc. It is generally used for casting boiler ttings, bearings
,bushes etc.
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• German silver is an alloy of copper, nickel, tin and led. It is used for making utensils and resistances in electrical
work.
• Duralumin is the aluminium alloy contains 3.54.5% copper,0.40.7% magnesium,0.40.7% manganese and remaining
aluminium .Mainly used for making bars, tubes, rivets, sheets ,forgings and stampings.
16) Write the chemical composition and uses of the following: (1) Babbit metal (2) Bright steel (3) High speed steel
• Babbit metal is a tin base white metal which contains 88% tin, 8% antimony and 4% copper .This is mainly used as
a bearing metal.
• Bright steel contains 0.05 to 0.45% carbon and up to 0.2%lead.It is used for making set screws, bolts, pins which
withstand high loads at longer time.
• High speed steel is an alloy of 18% tungsten, 4% chromium,1% vanadium,4%cobalt and 0.7% carbon. This is
generally used for making machine tools like lathe ,planer, shaper, taps , drills and milling cutters.
18) How will you identify cast iron, mild steel and high carbon steel ?
• By spark: When a metal is held against grinding wheel it gives sparks. Cast iron gives thick and short sparks. Mild
steel gives medium and dense sparks and High carbon steel gives long and dense sparks.
• By hammering : When a blow of hammer is given with these metals there will be a deep spot on mild steel, less
deep spot on high carbon steel and cast iron may break.
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22) What are the common heat treatment processes used in industries ?
The following heat treatment processes are generally used in manufacturing :
• Hardening
• Tempering
• Annealing
• Normalising
• Case hardening
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27) De ne Normalising ?
Normalising is a process to make the steel part to its normal stage. The main purposes are
• To reduce grain size of steel.
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29) Why is it not possible to harden unalloyed tool steel part right through its full thickness ?
Because it requires very high cooling rate which is only possible for its outer surface.
32) Sometimes a thin brown and red oxide layer is formed on the surface of a copper part .How can it be removed
?
Pour few drops of hydrochloric acid on the copper part having oxide layer and wipe it with a cloth.
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necessary.
• The main purpose of tempering is to reduce some of hardness and to increase the toughness. It consists of
reheating after hardening to the temperature below the critical range.
36) Why is the soldering iron bit made of copper and not of steel ?
Because copper is good conductor of heat and quickly transfer its heat to the metal at the joint than the steel.
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43) What is the difference between White cast iron and Grey cast iron ?
• White cast iron : It contains 2.5 to 3% carbon in combined form. This is very hard and brittle and di cult to be
machined. It is used for lower quality castings where hard coating is required.
• Grey cast iron : It contains 3.25 to 3.75% carbon in free state or graphite. It has better machinability .It is generally
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used to make machine beds and frames ,brackets, cylinders pipes etc.
45) What are the different alloying elements and their effects on the properties of the steel ?
• Cobalt: It gives excellent magnetic property and improves the cutting quality of the steel.
• Chromium: It gives greater hardness and resists corrosion and forging.
• Molybdenum: It gives greater hardness and resistance to drawing and forging.
• Nickel: It lifts the tensile strength, improves wearing property and protects from corrosion.
• Tungsten: It gives ne grain structure, greater hardness and cutting toughness.
• Vanadium: It gives cutting toughness resistance to wear and tear and greater hardness.
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It contains 0.05 to 0.25% of carbon. M.S is ductile, malleable and easy for forging, welding. Mainly used to make
sheets ,rods ,wires , ats, round angles channels and other structural works.
50) Explain brie y the rates of contraction of different metals and alloys ?
Generally following rates of contraction are considered, Steel2%,Cast iron1%,Aluminium 1.8%,Brass 1.4%
52) During forging what will happen if the metal is heated to:
(1) too low temperature (2) too high temperature
When forging it is necessary to heat the metal to correct forging temperature. Heated in low temperature there is a
risk for formation of cracks in the metal.
If the metal is heated at too high temperature, the metal will loss its strength.
54) Why new les should not be used on castings and forgings ?
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Because they have hard outer surface, when new les are used on these over sides the teeth either break or get blunt
easily.
55) For machining cast iron which rake angle is given on shaper tool ?
Negative rake angle
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Basic Machine Design | Mechanical Engineering Interview Part 8 | Top 10 Basic Mechanical Engineering Interview Questions
Hi this is a nice blog and These basic interview questions are really interesting to know. I work in a manufacturing company which
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manufactures laboratory equipments like mu e furnace, solar powered refrigerator and so on.
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