Chapter - 1

IMPORTANCE OF ICT IN EDUCATION

1. INTRODUCTION OF ICT IN EDUCATION

2. TIME LINE OF ICT IN EDUCATION
3. HOW THE WORLD OF EDUCATION TRANSFORMING
4. 21st CENTURY EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
5. DO’s AND DONT’s OF ICT IN EDUCATION

1. INTRODUCTION OF ICT IN EDUCATION

ICT is an abbreviation for Information and Communication Technology. ICT refers to

activities or studies involving computers and other electronic Technology.

These will also include processes for digitalisation, deployment and management of
content, development and deployment of platforms and processes for capacity
development, and creation of forums for interaction and exchange.

Globalization and technological change—processes that have accelerated over the

past fifteen years—have created a new global economy “powered by technology, fuelled by
information and driven by knowledge.” The emergence of this new global economy has
serious implications for the nature and purpose of educational institutions.

Schools cannot remain mere venues for the transmission of a prescribed set of
information from teacher to student over a fixed period of time. Rather, schools must
promote the acquisition of knowledge and skills that make possible continuous learning
over the lifetime. According to one educationalist- “ The illiterate of the 21st century will
not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn and relearn’’.

Information and communication technology (ICT) includes radio and television, as

well as new digital devices such as computers and the Internet—have been established as
potentially powerful enabling tool for educational change and reforms. When used
appropriately, ICT helps to expand access to education, strengthen the relevance of
education to the increasingly digital workplace, and raise educational quality by, among
others, helping to make teaching and learning into an engaging, active process connected to
real life.

This module is intended to help in defining a framework for the appropriate and
effective use of ICT in their educational institutions by providing a brief overview of the
potential benefits of ICT use in education and the ways by which ICT has been used in
education so far. It addresses the four broad issues in the use of ICT in education—
effectiveness, cost, equity and sustainability.
 2. TIME LINE OF ICT IN EDUCATION

Introduction:
The use of technology in education has provided students and teachers with an
unlimited number of options for classroom learning. When you consider the history of
technology in education, there are some very interesting facts that have led us to where we
are today.
YEAR DESCRIPTION PICTORIAL DESCRIPTION
Until the year 2000, the blackboard was a
Classroom staple piece of technology in the classroom
Techno- and allowed teachers to display information
and notes to the entire class using a piece of
logy in chalk. When the blackboard became filled
1800 up, an eraser was used to clear the board so
new information could be added.
In 1900 stereo scopes were introduced into
1900- the class rooms. By 1925 film projector was
1925 making its way into the class rooms. In 1925
Radio came into the class room.
Stereoscope
Over head projector was invented. This
1930 brought a revolutionary change in the field
of education.
Ball point pen came into use and erasable
marker was also invented.
Mimeograph was invented and came into
1940 use. It was used by teachers to print
classroom materials.

In the early 1950’s, headphones were

1950 introduced to the classroom and were
installed in listening stations. The listening
stations were commonly called language
labs which have since been replaced with
computers and headphones in the present
day.
It was also during the 1950’s that the slide
ruler was started to use more widely in the
classroom.
The use of videotape in the classroom also
emerged during the 1950’s when the first
videotape demonstration occurred in
California.
 By the last of the 1950s, Xerox introduced
the first Photocopier Machine. This helped
teachers to create copies of classroom
materials easier and faster than the
mimeograph machine. Additionally,
educational Television began to become
more popular with more than fifty different
channels that delivered educational
programming.
In the later part of the 1950s, the Skinner
Teaching Machine by B.F. Skinner was
integrated into classroom learning
During the 1960s, the individual Filmstrip
1960 viewer was introduced to libraries and
educational institutions.
It was also during the 1960s that Liquid
Paper was introduced and widely used with
the typewriter.
The 1970s marked the transition to the hand
1970 held calculator in the classroom
environment. Despite the fact there was
concern over the loss of basic learning skills
such as long division, manual multiplication,
and other skills, the hand held calculator
became a widely used device and was the SCANTRON
precursor to the calculators used in the
present day classroom.
In the early 1970s, the Scantron was
introduced for grading multiple choice
exams. The device used imaging technology
to read the answer sheets which had dots
that were coloured in with a No. 2
pencil. The purpose of the device was to
save teachers’ time when grading multiple
exams.
The 1970s also brought the Public
Broadcasting System (PBS) to homes and
classrooms.
In 1977, Apple released the Apple II desktop
computer which allowed students to learn
Geography and Math problems using
computer games. The Apple II utilised floppy
disks for viewing various types of content
 and did not have access to the Internet.
In the early 1980s, IBM (International
1980 Business Machine) came out with the first
personal computer. Additionally, the Plato
computer was an early computer that was
introduced to the educational market as
well.
The mid 1980s brought the first CD-ROM to
the educational environment. For the first
time, students could store video and audio,
as well as an entire encyclopaedia on a single
compact disk. The CD-ROM is still used with
current computers and paved the way to the
use of the flash drive for storage.
During the same time, the graphing
calculator was introduced in the classroom
and allowed students to calculate advanced
math problems easier. The graphing
calculator was hand held and provided a way
to do complex equations, create pins and
points on a graph, and more.
In the early to mid-1990s, the Internet was
1990 made available to the general public. Prior
to this time, it was solely used by the
military, academic institutions, and NASA.
It was first introduced as a dial-up
connection which occupied your telephone
line.
By the late 1990s, the blackboard was
gradually getting replaced with an interactive
whiteboard. When first introduced, the
whiteboard consisted of a white screen,
computer, and projector. It was not yet
being widely used since many were
unfamiliar with how to use it for classroom
learning. But nevertheless, it was gradually
starting to make its way into classroom
around the world
 At the start of the 21st century, more
2000 classroom and educational institutions were
becoming connected. In 2004, YouTube was
discovered as being an effective tool for
classroom learning. This allowed teachers to
easily share free instructional videos and
share videos associated with classroom
projects.
It was at this same time that the iClicker
became a popular classroom tool for
teachers. The device allowed teachers to
easily poll students during a lesson and
receive the results in real-time.
At this point, schools were also beginning to
include student laptops in their technology
budget.
Between 2007 and 2010, smartphones were
beginning to increase in popularity and were
widely used by students. At this time, they
were still not accepted as a classroom
learning device until the inception of the
iPad in 2010 which brought Wi-Fi enabled
mobile devices to the forefront as a learning
tool in the classroom.
As of 2015, interactive mobile apps have
2015-17 become the centre of effective classroom
learning. The wide availability of low cost
apps empower teachers to provide better
learning opportunities and simultaneously
reach a variety of different learning styles.
APeKX is also a part of evolution of ICT in the
year 2016. Not only this 4D applications,
Educational Apps, Online Education, virtual
reality etc, are some of the innovatives.

The Department of School Education is going to introduce separate text book for ICT. for
the classes 9th and 10th from the academic year 2017-18. The students will be taught ICT
as a subject and they will be tested in the subject on par with other subjects. So that
they can learn how to deal with the computers, online transactions like money transfer,
sending mails, sending resumes, ticket booking etc., power point presentations on
 targeted topics, project presentation and other issues. This enable the students to get
themselves ready for future challenges of their lives and to face them with the help of
ICT. By doing so, they save the paper so that they can save environment also. With that
they can make themselves as partners in making our India as ‘Digital India’ and ‘Green
India’.

3.HOW THE WORLD OF EDUCATION IS TRANSFORMING

Learning-focused educational technology initiatives start from a clear vision of the

intended goals and an understanding of how powerful mobile devices and other
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can help schools achieve them. This
chapter provides an overview of:

• What students need to thrive as next-generation citizens and innovators and

achieve their full potential,

 How educational technologies can empower students and teachers for success.

Today’s students will live in a rapidly changing world with opportunities. The
challenges that are very different from the ones many of us grew up with. The students
must not only master a foundation of facts and concepts, but also be able to apply their
knowledge. They must develop 21st century skills that enable them to:

• Work independently as self-driven, life-long learners and innovators,

• Work collaboratively and respect others’ views,

• Think critically about new challenges,

• Apply their knowledge to solve new problems,

• Work persistently in the face of difficult challenges.

Transforming Schools to meet 21st Century Needs

Instead, the traditional model of the 19th century, is shifting to a modern student-
centered learning. This new model reflects the needs and circumstances of 21st century
students and societies. It combines the new science of learning and learning styles. It takes
advantage of all that ICT can contribute to learning and teaching—from mobile devices for
students and teachers, to adaptive curriculum resources. It gives students and teachers
instant information on the learner’s progress.
DEEP LEARNING:

The New Pedagogies for Deep Learning, equip students for success. They offer a framework
that aligns with the goals and requirements. We have to prepare all learners to be life-long,
creative, and collaborative problem solvers. They should be healthy, happy individuals who
contribute to the common good in today’s globally interdependent world. We need our
learning systems to encourage youth to develop their own visions and equip them with the
skills to pursue those visions. In Great to Excellent, the six skills that provide a foundation
for deep learning for every student personal traits such as-

• Character education: Personal traits and attributes such as responsibility & perseverance.

• Citizenship: Knowledge of global issues, respect for other cultures, involvement in

sustaining humanity and the environment

• Communication: The ability to communicate effectively and actively, listening to others

• Critical thinking and problem solving: The ability to think critically, to solve problems, to
make effective decisions and to design and manage projects.

• Collaboration: The ability to work in team, to learn from and contribute to others.

• Creativity and imagination: The ability to consider and pursue novel ideas, lead others,
undertake economic activities.

CHARACTER

CITIZENSHIP COLLABORA
-TION

DEEP LEARNING

COMMUNIC- CREATIVITY CRITICAL

ATION THINKING &
PROBLEM
SOLVING
 Hence we desire this type of education transformation for the future generations
through ICT.

4. 21st CENTURY EDUCATIONAL NEEDS AND SKILLS

The gap between the skills people learn and the skills people need is becoming more
obvious, as traditional learning falls short of equipping students with the knowledge they
need to thrive. Today's students must be able to collaborate, communicate and solve
problems. These skills should be developed mainly through social and emotional learning
combined with traditional skills. This social and emotional proficiency will equip students to
succeed in the evolving digital economy.

5.DOs AND DONTs OF ICT IN EDUCATION

DOs

1. Do keep your password secure - so no-one else can become aware of it.

2. Always keep the main power supply to UPS on for charging of batteries even if your
classroom is closed.

3. Periodically check all port/cable connections, Battery installed and remotes of all
equipment.

4. Always shut down the systems properly.

5. Always avoid direct eye contact with the light coming from the projector.

6. Do log on regularly and check your emails.

7. Do save your work in the shared area allocated to you, not on your personal folder
which has limited space. This will enable colleagues to access your work in the event
of your absence;

8. Do make full use of your security measures so that others cannot go through your
files.

9. Do make sure your entry in the address book is correct;

10. Do know your Systems’ Administrators and departmental ICT representatives.

11. Do log out and switch off your computer at the end of the day. This helps to reduce
carbon emissions.

DON’Ts

1. Don't reveal your password to anyone, not even to your officer- in- charge.

2. Don't use generally used passwords like 123456 / abcdef / 999999 / 111111 etc.

3. Never allow another user to use your login.

4. Never disclose information taken from a computer to anyone without the consent of
your officer-in-charge.

5. Do not attempt to connect and disconnect any computer or other device to or from
the network.

6. Don't copy data or programs from your computer on to any external device.
7. Do not attempt to create your own databases in Microsoft Access;

8. Do not abuse your ability to use the Internet.

By

Shaik Ismail & T.V.T.Ravi Chandra.

ASSESSMENT

1. I.C.T. Stands for--------------

a. Indian Communication Technology
b. Information and Communication Technology
c. Internal and Continental Technology
2. Which of the following is a Character Quality?
a. Leader ship
b. Literacy
c. Creativity
3. The ability to work in team is--------
a. Character
b. Communication
c. Collaboration
4. Abbreviation of I.B.M. is__________________
a. International Business Machine
b. International Business Management
c. International Broadcasting Management
5. We have to switch off the computer at end of the day. Because............
a. To save power
b. To reduce Carbon emissions
c. To reduce lighting in the room while sleeping.
6. Mains of power should be ‘’on’’ always. So that ........
a. Computer will be charged
b. Battery will be charged.
c. We can start computer very speedily in the morning.
7. Andhra Pradesh E-Knowledge eXchange [APEKX] was introduced in -------
a. 2015
b. 2016
c. 2017
8. Apple released Apple II Desktop computer which allowed students to learn
Geography using ------
a. Computer Games
b. Digital Maps
 c. Digital Pictures
9. Mimeograph was used by the teachers to ________________________
a. Print class room material
b. Publish School Magazine
c. Popularize Literary programmes
10. How can you use I.C.T. for your class room transaction?

Ans: