Design of Five Storey Sustainable Government Hospital PDF

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Design of a Five- Storey Sustainable Government Hospital in Pasay City
Project By
Cabacungan, Norman R.
Libiran, Daniel Paulo C.
Siobal, Anniezette C.
Submitted to the School of Civil, Environmental and Geological

Engineering (SCEGE)
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
For the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Mapua Institute of Technology
Muralla St. Intramuros Manila

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Executive Summary
The proposed project is a Five Storey Government Hospital that is fully
departmentalized and equipped with the service capabilities needed to support certified
Medical Specialists and other licensed physicians in Pasay City .This area has a lesser
number of government and private hospitals in Metro Manila compared to other cities.
The structure will be designed as elevated. Its height from the ground surface is just
above the expected flood depth.
This project acts in accordance with the 3BIRDS criteria. Our research and design
components have been thoroughly evaluated and had met the criteria of the sustainable
development concept. Substantial impacts to the environment and mitigation and as well
as the environmental management plan are specified to be comprehensively studied to
obtain a sufficient implementation of the project.

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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1
CHAPTER 2 Presenting the Challenges 3
2.1 Problem Statement 3

2.2 Project Objective 3
2.3 Design Norms Considered 3
2.4 Major and Minor Areas of Civil Engineering 4
2.5 The Project Beneficiary 5
2.6 The Innovative Approach 5
2.7 The Research Component 5
2.8 The Design Component 6
2.9 Sustainable Development Concept 6
CHAPTER 3 Environmental Examination Report 7
3.1 Project Description 7

3.1.1 Project Rationale 7
3.1.2 Project Location 8
3.1.3 Project Information 11
3.1.4 Description of Project Phases 11
3.1.5 Pre-construction/Operational phase 12
3.1.6 Construction phase 13
3.1.7 Operational phase 13
3.1.8 Abandonment phase 14
3.2 Description of Environmental Setting and Receiving Environment 14

3.2.1 Physical Environment 14
3.2.2 Biological Environment 14
3.2.3 Socio-Cultural, Economic and Political Environment 14
3.2.4 Future Environmental Conditions without the Project 15
3.3 Impact Assessment and Mitigation 15

3.3.1 Summary Matrix of Predicted Environmental Issues/Impacts
And their Level of Significance at Various Stages
Of Development 15
3.3.2 Brief Discussion of Specific Significant Impacts
On the Physical and Biological Resources 16
3.3.3 Brief Discussion of Significant Socio-economic
Effects/Impacts of the Project 16
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3.4 Environmental Management Plan 16

3.4.1 Summary Matrix of Proposed Mitigation
And Enhancement Measures, Estimated
Cost and Responsibilities 17
3.4.2 Brief Discussion of Mitigation and Enhancement Measures 17
3.4.3 Monitoring Plan 17
3.4.4 Contingency Plan (if applicable) 19
3.4.5 Institutional Responsibilities and Agreements 19
CHAPTER 4 Research Component 20
4.1 Abstract 20
4.2 Introduction 20
4.3 Write ups 21
4.4 Review of Literature 32
4.5 Methodology 42
4.6 Results and Discussion 43
CHAPTER 5 Detailed Engineering Design 44
5.1 Loads and Codes 44

5.1.1 Introduction 44
5.1.2 Dead Load 44
5.1.3 Live Load 44
5.1.4 Wind load 44
5.1.5 Total Factored Loads 45
5.2Beam Design 47
5.3Foundation Design 53
5.3.1 Introduction 53
5.3.2 Footing Design 54
5.4 Plan set Design
5.4.1 Architectural Plan 59
5.4.2 Structural Design 69
CHAPTER 6 Budget Estimation 98
CHAPTER 7 Project’s Schedule 107
7.1 Gantt Chart 109

7.2 Bar Chart (for project Implementation) 110
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CHAPTER 8 Promotional Material 111
CHAPTER 9 Conclusions and Summary 117
Recommendations 118
Acknowledgments 105
References 106
Appendices 110
Appendix A – Article Type

Appendix B – Original Project Report Assessment Sheet by Panel members
Appendix C – English Editor Assessment and Evaluation Form Rubrics
Appendix D – Accomplished Consultation Form
Appendix E – Compilation of Assessment Form
Appendix F – Copy f Engineering Drawings and Plans
Appendix G – Copy of Project Poster
Appendix H – Photocopy of Receipt
Appendix I – Other required forms
Appendix J – Student Reflection
Resume of Each Member

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List of Tables, Illustrations, Charts or Graphs
Figures
Fig. 1 Pasay City Zoning Map p. 8

Fig. 2Property identification map p. 9
Fig. 3Vicinity map of the vacant lot in Pasay City p. 9
Fig. 4 Location of the project showing nearby streets p. 10
Fig. 5 Right side view of the vacant lot p. 10
Fig. 6 Left side view of the vacant lot p. 11
Fig. 7 St. Luke’s Medical Centre p.32
Fig. 8Makati Medical Centre p.32
Fig. 9Elevated structure will look like when flood occurs p.33
Fig. 10Plant life inside the building p.40
Fig. 11 Perspective View p.59
Fig. 12 Ground Floor Plan p.60
Fig. 13 Second Floor Plan p.61
Fig. 14 Third Floor Plan p.62
Fig. 15 Fourth Floor Plan p.63
Fig. 16 Fifth Floor Plan p.64
Fig. 17 Front Elevation p.65
Fig. 18 Left Elevation Plan p.66
Fig. 19 Right Elevation Plan p.67
Fig. 20 Rear Elevation Plan p.68
Fig. 21 Foundation Plan p.69
Fig. 22 Ground Framing Plan p.70
Fig. 23 2nd Floor Framing Plan p.71
Fig. 24 3rd Floor Framing plan p.72
Fig. 25 4th Floor Framing plan p.73
Fig. 26 5th Floor Framing plan p.74
Fig. 27 Roof Deck framing Plan p.75
Fig. 28 Schedule of Window p.76
Fig. 29 Schedule of Doors p.77
Fig. 30 Schedule of Elevator p.89
Fig. 31 Beam Design p.93
Fig. 32 Slab Design p.94
Fig. 33 Footing Design p.96
Fig. 34 Elevation detail of Mat Foundation p.97
Fig. 35 Civil Design Site Plan p.112
Fig. 36 Birds Eye View p.113
Fig. 37 Right Side View p.113
Fig. 38 Front Elevation p.114
Fig. 39 Front View p.114
Fig. 40 Left Side View p.115
Fig. 41 Emergency Room p.115
Fig. 42 3D Structural Frame p.116
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Tables
Table 1 Population in Pasay City p. 2

Table 2 Matrix of Predicted Environment p.15
Table 3 Impacts and Mitigation p.17
Table 4 Monitoring Plan p.18
Table 5 Passive and Active Flood Proofing p.36
Table 6 Flood Resistant Classification Materials p.37
Table 7 Flooring Materials Classification for flood resistance (A) p.38
Table 8 Flooring Materials Classification for flood resistance (B) p.39
Table 9 Summary of Loads based on STAAD 2007 analysis p.57
Table 10 Work Classification p.107
Table 11 Manpower Requirement p.107
Table 12 Equipment Rquirement p.108
Chart
Chart 1Methodology Flowchart p.42

Chart 2Gantt Chart p.109
Chart 3 Bar Chart p.110
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Shortage of hospitals is a major problem in Metro Manila. Among the cities in

Metro Manila, Pasay City has a least number of hospitals. That is the reason why Pasay
City has been chosen as the location of the proposed project.
The Project is about the design of an elevated Government Hospital. The project
is to be proposed at Pasay City, Manila, Philippines. The project will be the first hospital
building that will practice green technology.
On March 11, 1976, the old city hall building of Pasay City was renovated to
house the one hundred (100) beds Pasay City General Hospital. At the outset, the agency
was fully subsidized by the local government, complete with facilities, equipments and
supplies until the period of November 1987. Due to unavailability of local funds in
December 1987, it was placed under the administrative and technical supervision of the
Metropolitan Manila Commission (MMC). In February 1982 to August 1982, a span of
barely seven months, the local government took over its administration, but was turned
over again to MMC due to financial reason. However in 1985, the hospital had suffered
very tight financial difficulties; it still survived. In 1986, an amount of only P
1,727,393.00 was granted to PCGH representing MMC’s financial assistance as against
the proposed budget of P 6,328,709.00 which was never approved and so with the
proposed budget for CY 1987. As a result, it’s operation has been greatly hampered as
the hospital need to limit it’s budget to two million (P 2,000,000.00) pesos financial
assistance of the local government to the MMC of which 80% goes to personal services
(salaries and wages) and a minimal of 20% for maintenance and other operating
expenses. As a consequence, since the Pasay City Government had solely supported the
hospital since October 1986, administrative supervision was relinquished to the local
government affective August 16, 1987.
In view of the foregoing percentage, bed occupancy went down for the past
several months to 15-20% per month. Services being provided to the constituents of
Pasay and other non-residents mostly coming from the south, have suffered much due to
financial distress. Appointments to vacant items as well as for renewals were likewise
deferred.
In view of the foregoing percentage, bed occupancy went down for the past several
months to 15-20% per month. Services being provided to the constituents of Pasay and
other non-residents mostly coming from the south, have suffered much due to financial
distress. Appointments to vacant items as well as for renewals were likewise deferred.
With this proposal, the citizens of Pasay city can have an elevated hospital which is
principally created for creating low-cost, safer hospital which are especially designed and
engineered to respond and resist the loads, forces and effects due to natural disasters. To
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resist the impact of an earthquake, a structure must possess flexibility coupled with
tensile strength.
Basically, the scope of the design of this reinforced concrete construction comprising the
elements of an elevated structure is to prevent and develop contributing factors in terms
of catastrophic events and environmental crisis concerns, respectively.
No one can deny the declining share of hospital allotment to the total DOH
budget. From 60 to 66 percent in the years 2003 to 2006 (according to a study by Lavado
in 2010), the share of our hospitals is now down to only 21.42% for 2013.
Table 1 Population in Pasay City
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CHAPTER 2
Presenting the Challenges
2.1Problem Statement
The City of Pasay is located near the shore line of the Philippines. This is
one of the cities that make up Metro Manila. It is also known as one of the most
flooded areas in Metro Manila, like the CAMANAVA (Caloocan-Malabon-
Navotas-Valenzuela) which are all along the shoreline.
Hospitals in Pasay City are relatively few as compared to other cities in

Metro Manila, although Pasay City has only 5 Major Hospitals, having a
population of 392,869 and composed of 200 barangays, the five foreign hospitals
are not enough to sustain the demands of the people for health care.
2.2 Project Objective
The main objective of this project is to develop and construct a high-

quality hospital that will provide patients’ satisfaction for their speedy
recovery.This will include the design of eco- friendly building that could help
conserve energy.
To conceptualize engineered solutions that will address quandaries on the

impacts of natural disasters and its attended hazards. The objective primarily
caters the need for an effort to promote and nurture safer building construction to
take care of normal loads and forces and the effects of natural disasters. And in
order to fulfill the main objective, several specific objectives of this project must
be attained.
2.3Design Norms Considered
In this paper, the design norms primarily considered are encompassing the
structural, economical and environmental aspects of the project. When
considering structural aspect of the design, the focus is set upon the compliance of
the design inputs and outputs to existing structural codes and national building
codes in the Philippines. Specifically, the codes considered in design projects in
the Philippines are the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP 2010)
and the Uniform Building Code (UBC). Also, in considering this aspect of design,
the trust of the people to be resettled on the area is regarded as one factor. Thus, It
is deemed that the building must obviously seem sturdy and its factor of safety
must be appropriately considered in the design process.
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While on the other hand, when considering the economical aspect of the
design, the focus is set upon achieving the most cost effective design of the
project Constructions are primarily highlighted such that any excess materials or
any over-elaborate architectural design are reduced. In addition, focus is set upon
designing the structural components of the building so that the elements are
lightweight materials.
And lastly, when considering the environmental aspect of the design the
focus is set upon reducing the environmental impact of the project such that the
building layout is specifically designed to be environmentally friendly. Also the
design valued the importance of green engineering such that large windows are
incorporated in the design so as to follow for natural ventilation and lighting. The
natural light will be less staining on the eyes of the patients to depending on 100%
fluorescent lighting.
The proposed hospital building will be designed as an eco- friendly

structure by installing plant life and a flood free structure by elevating the
hospital. Another design norm considered is the simplicity and the strength of the
structure itself since the structure will be used as hospital building that can
withstand 25 years or more
The proposed hospital building will be designed as an eco- friendly

structure by installing plant life and a flood free structure by elevating the
hospital. Another design norm considered is the simplicity and the strength of the
structure itself since the structure will be used as hospital building that can
withstand 25 years or more.
2.4Major and Minor Areas of Civil Engineering
The three civil engineering areas to be covered in this project are structural
engineering, environmental engineering and construction planning management.
Structural Engineering
The major area is structural engineering that will cover the
analysis and design of the structural elements of the hospital.
Environmental Engineering
These covers the design of the water and sewage treatment
facilities of the project this will include the proper waste disposal
and water treatment to ensure the safety of the patients and
individuals in the hospital and communities near the structure.
Construction Planning Management Engineering
This will cover the planning and management to make the structure
economical and as safe as possible as this will include the choice
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of technology, the definition of work tasks, the estimation of the
required resources and durations for individual tasks, and the
identification of any interactions among the different work tasks.
2.5The Project Beneficiary
The direct beneficiary of this proposed five storey hospital will be the
local government of Pasay city. With this project the government of Pasay city
can give a full health service for their community. It is believed that the presence of
this project will cater the quandary of the city when it comes to health care service This
project also gives benefit to the community around Metro Manila.
2.6The Innovative Approach
Technical programs will be utilized to help in modelling, analyzing and

designing the project.
Google Maps
This program will help in mapping the location of our project in 3d.
Google Sketch Up
This program will help in designing 2D and 3Dplan of the hospital.
AutoCAD
This program will help in modelling and preparing the lay-out of the plan,
specification of project, and structural plan.
E-Tabs Modelling 9.7.4
This program will help in designing and analyzing the structural members.
Microsoft Excel 2010
This program will help in some computations of the structural members
2.7The Research Component
The proposed project will adopt the green technology idea. We are going
to study and estimate on how heavy our structure is regarding to the different type
of loadings that we are going to put, because rooms are not the same with one
another. The study will include the advantage and disadvantage of using an
elevated floor system that will raise the structure. Green ideas like natural lighting
and plant life installation in the structure will likewise be analyse.
A study about the possible effects of adopting these green technology
ideas will be discussed in the paper.
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2.8The Design Component
This project considers the design of the following:

Substructure
This includes the design of footing and foundation of the building. The design
foundation will depend on the type and stability of soil based on the soil
investigation result.
Superstructure
The superstructure will be designed by elevating the first floor. The
Superstructure will be composed of reinforced concrete beams, columns and
slabs. The design of the project will be referred to the National Structural Code of
the Philippines (NSCP 2010), 6th Edition, Volume 2 for the loadings of the
structure and other specification needed.
2.9Sustainable Development Concept
Adopting the green technology will help make the structure become
sustainable. For the non-specialized rooms of hospitals such as lobbies, canteen,
etc., natural lighting or day lighting will be utilized by using skylights, additional
window size, space, glass selection. This idea conserves energy for almost 50% of
the regular consumption. Cleaning the air by installing plant life at the rooftop and
even on the surroundings will help the patients relax and breathe fresh air.
Specifically, in terms of the design of the ventilation system, a cross-flow

natural ventilation system is to be adopted in this project. Cross- flow relies on
establishing a clearly defined, unimpeded air flow path between the incoming and
outgoing air streams. Air is supplied to and exhausted from areas of greatest
activity within the building that passes through the zone of occupancy.
In designing the natural ventilation strategies, the building permeability

and ventilation openings are the key decision factors considered. The building
structure is made to be airtight so that ventilation is confined to air through
intentionally provided openings only. Basically this condition permits more
accurate design solutions and prevents air infiltration from interfering with
ventilation performance. Essentially, natural ventilation operates in “mixing” and
pollutant dilution mode. It is possible, despite changing conditions, to design
satisfactory natural solutions. Ventilation varies according to the prevailing
driving forces of wind and indoor/outdoor temperature difference.
Moreover, in terms of construction materials methods, application of

lightweight concrete construction will be implemented in this project. According
to researches, lightweight concrete construction can be a partial solution for
several environmental problems. Deforestation could be substantially reduced by
relinquishing the demand for timber used in construction.
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CHAPTER 3
Environmental Examination Report
3.1Project Description
3.1.1Project Rationale
In our country, rain comes at expected time but typhoons are

usually predicted by the government agency, Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical
and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), a day or a few days
before it will happens. Nevertheless, flooding is truly inevitable especially when
the rain falls continuously which at times lasts for about a day. Even if it is
forecasted, there are people who are not prepared for this kind of situation which
results to terrible incidents. Hence, the group proposed a project to design and
construct anelevated five-storey public hospital that is eco- friendly sustainable
structure and structurally stable. This project aims to maximize medical service in
Pasay City and in Metro Manila. The objective of this project is to develop and
construct a high-quality hospital that will provide patients’ satisfaction for their
speedy recovery.
Pasay city was related as the location since it has a limited number of
hospitals.
3.1.2Project Location
The elevated five-storey government hospital is located in

Barangay 076, Sunrise Drive, Pasay City. The group proposed the location where
because there are only a few hospitasl in the city. The area is spacious as it covers
about twenty thousand square meters (20000 m2 ), and suitable location for a
hospital.
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Figure 1: Pasay City Zoning Map
Figure 2: This figure shows the property identification map
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Figure 3: This figure shows the vicinity map of the vacant lot in Pasay City
Figure 4: This figure shows the location map where the structure will be constructed
Figure 5: This figure shows the right side view of the vacant lot
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Figure 6: This figure shows the left side view of the vacant lot
3.1.3Project Information
The project will be an elevated five storey hospital building specifically planned
to serve as a health care facility that will be able to provide full medical service. The said
project will be located in Brgy. 076 sunrise drive Pasay City.It will be equipped with the
service capabilities needed to support certified Medical Specialists and other licensed
physicians. Also the design will be incorporated with the concept of green engineering
and architecture.
3.1.4 Description of Project Phases

The project will have four phases. The Pre-Construction Phase,
Construction Phase, Operational Phase, and Abandonment Phase.
Pre-Construction
 The planning before the construction of the structure. It includes
the things to be done before the project starts.
Construction phase
 The preparation of the site and the construction of the structure
itself.
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Operational phase
 Involves the function of the project.
Abandonment phase
 The responsibility once the project is abandoned or if it is
unoccupied.
3.1.5Pre-construction/Operational phase
Planning stage
o In this first stage, the project will be carried out. The project’s purpose,
need, the design criteria and the location of the project will be
considered.
Feasibility study regarding the project.
Critical Path Method (CPM) Schedule for the Pre-
Construction and construction Phases of the project.
Preparation of Construction Documents
o The construction documents are important to obtain bids from
contractors and price from subcontractors. These documents establish
the contractual obligations between the owner and the contractor, and
define the roles of the construction team members.
Selection of Contractor
o The construction contract will be awarded to the contractor with the
least bid. If the bid of contractor is less than the limit established, the
contract will be awarded as negotiated contract.
Detailed Estimates
Construction Planning
Construction Planning includes site investigation, site
management, obtaining permits, scheduling, excavation planning,
estimating, value engineering and quality control.
Secure permits and clearance from the local

government of Pasay City
Detailed Structural Design
Detailed Architectural Design
Surveying and Staking
Before the construction, the lot must first be surveyed to know
the boundaries and terrestrial distances. Staking out is done to mark
the limits or boundary of the lot.
Soil Sampling
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3.1.6Construction phase
Clearing and Grubbing

o Consist of removing trees, bush, roots, debris and other unneeded
and undesirable objects from the site.
Stripping of topsoil and unsuitable material

o This is needed to start the foundation. The disposal of unusable
excavated materials shall be the responsibility of the
contractor.
Excavation, Backfill and Compaction of the land
o Excavation of soil by cut and fill is needed in order to place the
sub-structure or the foundation itself.
Building Structure
o Construction of Foundation, Columns, Beams, Slabs, Walls and
other structural element.
Water and Sewer Lines
o Construction of pipe lines for water supply and sewer drainage line
Installation of Sewer, Water and Electrical lines.
Installation of Mechanical Equipment
Power Distribution System
Installation of windows, doors, glass, ceilings etc.
3.1.7Operational phase
Frameworks
o Framing is a building technique based around structural members,
usually called studs, which provide a stable frame to which interior
and exterior wall coverings are attached.
Insulation and Sheetrock
o Insulation and Sheetrock is done after framing and mechanical
inspections are finished. After insulation and sheetrock taping,
bedding and texturing of the interior walls can be started.
Flatworks
o Flatworks can be done simultaneously while the structure is nearly
in completion. Flatworks include any patios, all sidewalks and
driveway
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3.1.8Abandonment phase
Removal of Waste
o During construction, demolition and land clearing debris results
from construction activities; this materials can be recycled or
salvaged. Proper disposal of waste is necessary.
Dismantling of Structures and Equipment
o After the dismantling of equipment and structures, restoration plans
are to be put out, some of these are re-vegetation, levelling and
backfilling, and repair of road networks that must have been
damaged during the construction phase.
3.2 Description of Environmental Setting and Receiving Environment
3.2.1Physical Environment
The location for the proposed project will be at Brgy. 076 Sunrise Drive
Pasay City, Metro Manila. However it is prone to flooding. The proposed is
surrounded by private commercial and residential buildings. No nearby fault line
has been detected. The vacant lot has an access on electricity and water on the
site. The environment is quite good since it is surrounded by plants, trees and
there are vacant lots adjacent to the site.
3.2.2Biological Environment
The location of the proposed project is a vacant lot and the plant life is
limited to grass, shrubs, and bushes. No endangered animal species are found in
the area of the project; only common animal and small insects graze in the area.
As for the birds, there are very few birds that are thriving in the area. Overall,
animal life will not be harm and distracted.
3.2.3Socio-Cultural, Economic and Political Environment
a) Aesthetics and Human Interest – the proposed project is surrounded by

residential buildings and commercial buildings like mall (Mall of Asia) and
event centers (SMX Convention Center) and other establishments.
b) Economy, Employment – the proposed project will serve as a supplement
opportunity for the current employment in the locality; it will provide increase of
employment and generate income.
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c) Population Density – the proposed project will attract people since there are only
few hospitals is available at the entire city. It will also provide complete and
quality services for a tertiary hospital.
d) Health – No disease will be introduced into the vicinity since the proposed
project is a hospital and it will not produce any diseases that will affect the
vicinity thus it will mount the health awareness of nearby residence.
e) Gender Issues – Since the proposed project is open to the public, no gender
conflict is foreseen and through that, equal opportunity for everyone is will be
observed.
3.2.4Future Environmental Conditions without the Project
The proposed project will help the government give a high quality medical
assistance to their community and to the people in Metro Manila. The proposed
project will be constructed and built in order to provide the community a full
medical service.
3.3Impact Assessment and Mitigation
3.3.1Summary Matrix of Predicted Environmental Issues/Impacts and their Level of
Significance at Various Stages of Development
Table 1 Matrix of Predicted Environmental Issues
Predicted Environmental Issues Impacts Level of Significance
Noise Generation Moderate Impact
Air Quality Low Impact
Water Quality Low Impact
Flora and Fauna Low Impact
Natural Resources Moderate Impact
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3.3.2Brief Discussion of Specific Significant Impacts on the Physical and Biological
Resources
a) Noise Impact
During the construction stage different types of noise like background
noise, idling noise, blast noise, impact noise, rotating noise, intermittent noise,
howling, screeches and squeals will be minimized and controlled to have a
moderate impact to the adjacent buildings and their occupants.
b) Air Quality
In most instances the primary concerns during construction when it comes
to air quality are emissions of dust, and emissions from vehicles and plant
machinery and other construction activities. These factors would be considered in
order to maintain the good quality of air that is present in the site.
c) Water Quality
The vacant lot is far from Manila Bay, thus it will not affect the water
quality of the bay.
d) Flora and Fauna
Plant life like grass, shrubs, and trees that is present in the site will be
completely removed in order to clear the site during preparation.
e) Natural Resources
Plants and trees in the project area will be completely wiped out to clear
the site during site preparation.
3.3.3Brief Discussion of Significant Socio-economic Effects/Impacts of the Project
a) Environment
With the installation of natural lighting, plant life and water treatment
facilities, people will be able to practice green technology and can lessen their
energy consumption.
b) Health
Building the hospital would make it easier access for the community to
have access for health care. Health Problems in the area will managed and
locals’ diseases/patient’s concern will be accommodated immediately.
3.4Environmental Management Plan
3.4.1Summary Matrix of Proposed Mitigation and Enhancement Measures,

Estimated Cost and Responsibilities
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Table 2 Impacts and Mitigation
Table 3 Impacts and Mitigation
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3.4.2Brief Discussion of Mitigation and Enhancement Measures
Measures to mitigate Noise Levels

During construction, equipment used may create noise disturbance to
the surrounding that is why equipment will be operated on an as-needed to
minimize noise.
Measures to mitigate Air Quality
Construction equipment will be maintained in good condition to
minimize exhaust emissions. Watering the access roads to control dust during
the construction will be done.
Measures to mitigate Solid Waste
Proper waste management will be adopted to maintain cleanliness.
3.4.3Monitoring Plan
Assigned person will monitor the mitigation and enhancement measures

that have been prepared. Monitoring will be strictly followed to ensure safety.
Table 4 Monitoring Plan
Project Phase/
Environmental
Aspect
(Project activity Options for preventions or Mitigation Monitoring
which will likely or enhancement Plan
Impact the
environme ntal
component
I. PRE-
CONSTRUCTION
PHASE No impact
II.
CONSTRUCTION
PHASE
Excavating of relocation for important plant/grass on the
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soils/land clearing site
Dust Control Plan, use of mask for
laborers and employees going inside the Daily
site
Turbidity/siltation control measures by
Daily
continuous cleaning of drainage system
Require emission control devices on
Use of Heavy drilling and other equipment and specify
Daily
Equipments and use of low-sulfur fuels to reduce
Machines on emissions.
construction Regular maintenance of heavy equipment
Activities & transport machineries to check on noise Daily
& vibration levels
III. OPERATION
PHASE
operations of Hazardous waste will be transferred by Daily

hospitals DENR accredited transporter and treater
introduce rainwater catchment system weekly
use green/eco-friendly materials that will
Use Of Generators weekly
lessen the carbon footpront
by having a plants/vegetation on the site it
More Vehicles quarterly
will minimize pollution on air
3.4.4Contingency Plan
The construction area will have a safety area where first aid materials will
be stored. There will also have equipment like fire extinguishers and alarms for
safety measures
3.4.5Institutional Responsibilities and Agreements
For the institutional responsibilities and agreements we will comply with

the requirements of the local government of Pasay City in building a structure in
the area. We will coordinate with the local government and Department of
Environment and National Resources (DENR) for the guidelines to follow. We
will refer to the NSCP 2010 for the guidelines in designing.
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CHAPTER 4
The Research Component
4.1Abstract
Flooding in the Philippines is usually disastrous and is more severe than other
countries. For the fact that the surroundings have been polluted by trash especially plastic
which it clogs our canals and other sewerages and waterways, lack of discipline in
treating the environment results to unwanted catastrophes primarily flooding.
In the entire Metro Manila, cities near the shore are more likely to be flooded.
One of the big cities, Pasay City, is characterized by coastal plains along the Manila Bay.
However, just a slight slope feature of areas is seen in the southern part. Since it is along
the Bay, its elevation is more or less only two meters from the sea level. At times like
this, when it rains every day, the rivers overflow their banks flood the streets and homes
of Pasay.
4.2 Introduction
Shortage of hospitals is a major problem in Metro Manila. Among the cities in

Metro Manila, Pasay City has a least number of hospitals. That is the reason why Pasay
City has been chosen as the location of the proposed project.
The Project is about the design of an elevated Government Hospital. The project
is to be proposed at Pasay City, Manila, Philippines. The project will be the first hospital
building that will practice green technology.
On March 11, 1976, the old city hall building of Pasay City was renovated to
house the one hundred (100) beds Pasay City General Hospital. Due to unavailability of
local funds in December 1987, it was placed under the administrative and technical
supervision of the Metropolitan Manila Commission (MMC). In February 1982 to August
1982, a span of barely seven months, the local government took over its administration,
but was turned over again to MMC due to financial reason. However in 1985, the hospital
had suffered very tight financial difficulties; it still survived. In 1986, an amount of only
P 1,727,393.00 was granted to PCGH representing MMC’s financial assistance as against
the proposed budget of P 6,328,709.00 which was never approved and so with the
proposed budget for CY 1987. As a result, it’s operation has been greatly hampered as
the hospital need to limit its budget to two million (P 2,000,000.00) pesos financial
assistance of the local government to the MMC of which 80% goes to personal services
(salaries and wages) and a minimal of 20% for maintenance and other operating
expenses. Basically, the scope of the design of this reinforced concrete construction
comprising the elements of an elevated structure is to prevent and develop contributing
factors in terms of catastrophic events and environmental crisis concerns
20
4.3 Write ups
Structural Engineering
It is self-evident that structures must be safe. Structures must be sufficient over

their expected lifespan. Our design philosophy is to detail buildings that are resilient
enough to withstand calamities and guarantee the safety of their occupants without the
need for heavy and expensive structures.
Experience teaches us that every twenty years a hospital needs a complete

renovation of its architecture and installation technology. However, the load-bearing
structure is expected to survive a full fifty years and outlive various renovations. It is
therefore vital to make choices with designers from other d isciplines so that the building
can withstand future alterations. The prevention of new construction is a very sustainable
measure.
As civil engineering student, we want the structure to do more than just support.
Integrating the structure with installations, for example, and ensure easy access to them,
is an efficient solution for a more constant climate and a lower building height.
Flooding in the Philippines is usually disastrous and is more severe than other
countries. For the fact that the surroundings have been polluted by trash especially plastic
which it clogs our canals and other sewerages and waterways, lack of discipline in
treating the environment results to unwanted catastrophes primarily flooding.
In the entire Metro Manila, cities near the shore are more likely to be flooded.
One of the big cities, Pasay City, is characterized by coastal plains along the Manila Bay.
However, just a slight slope feature of areas is seen in the southern part. Since it is along
the Bay, its elevation is more or less only two meters from the sea level. At times like
this, when it rains every day, the rivers overflow their banks flood the streets and homes
of Pasay.
The main objective of this project is to develop and construct a high-quality hospital that
will provide patients’ satisfaction for their speedy recovery.This will include the design
of eco-friendly building that could help conserve energy.
To conceptualize engineered solutions that will address quandaries on the impacts of

natural disasters and it’s attended hazards. The objective primarily caters the need for an
effort to promote and nurture safer building construction to take care of normal loads and
forces and the effects of natural disasters. And in order to fulfil the main objective,
several specific objectives of this project must be attained.
21
Drawing that shows the exterior view of an object or an assembly, without any parts
removed. With cutaway sectional views it shows parts normally hidden from the
observer, to see through in the graphic arts, such as drawing, is an approximate
representation, on a flat surface such as paper, of an image as it is seen by the eye. The
two most characteristic features of perspective are that objects are drawn:
Smaller as their distance from the observer increases

Foreshortened: the size of an object's dimensions along the line of sight are relatively
shorter than dimensions across the line of sight
Architecture and building engineering, a floor plan otherwise known as a Scottish plan is
a drawing to scale, showing a view from above, of the relationships between rooms,
spaces and other physical features at one level of a structure.
Dimensions are usually drawn between the walls to specify room sizes and wall lengths.
Floor plans may also include details of fixtures like sinks, water heaters, furnaces, etc.
Floor plans may include notes for construction to specify finishes, construction methods,
or symbols for electrical items.
It is also called a "plan" which is a measured plane typically projected at the floor height
of 4', as opposed to an "elevation" which is a measured plane projected from the side of a
building, along its height, or a section or "cross section" where a building, is cut along an
axis to reveal the interior structure.
Adopting the green technology will help make the structure become sustainable.
For the non-specialized rooms of hospitals such as lobbies, canteen, etc., natural lighting
or day lighting will be utilized by using skylights, additional window size, space, glass
selection. This idea conserves energy for almost 50% of the regular consumption.
Cleaning the air by installing plant life at the rooftop and even on the surroundings will
help the patients relax and breathe fresh air.
Specifically, in terms of the design of the ventilation system, a cross- flow natural
ventilation system is to be adopted in this project. Cross- flow relies on establishing a
clearly defined, unimpeded air flow path between the incoming and outgoing air streams.
Air is supplied to and exhausted from areas of greatest activity within the building that
passes through the zone of occupancy.
In designing the natural ventilation strategies, the building permeability and

ventilation openings are the key decision factors considered. The building structure is
made to be airtight so that ventilation is confined to air through intentionally provided
openings only. Basically this condition permits more accurate design solutions and
22
prevents air infiltration from interfering with ventilation performance. Essentially, natural
ventilation operates in “mixing” and pollutant dilution mode. It is possible, despite
changing conditions, to design satisfactory natural solutions. Ventilation varies according
to the prevailing driving forces of wind and indoor/outdoor temperature difference.
Moreover, in terms of construction materials methods, application of lightweight concrete

construction will be implemented in this project. According to researches, lightweight
concrete construction can be a partial solution for several environmental problems.
Deforestation could be substantially reduced by relinquishing the demand for timber used
in construction.
The Design Component

This project considers the design of the following:
Substructure: This includes the design of footing and foundation of the building. The
design foundation will depend on the type and stability of soil based on the soil
investigation result.
Superstructure: The superstructure will be designed by elevating the first floor. The
Superstructure will be composed of reinforced concrete beams, columns and slabs. The
design of the project will be referred to the National Structural Code of the Philippines
(NSCP 2010), 6th Edition, Volume 2 for the loadings of the structure and other
specification needed.
The NSCP empirical formula (2-3) needs to be reviewed:

„ T=0.075 H0.75 for RC MRSF
„ T=0.050 H0.75 for RC Dual
„ T=natural period of structure (sec)
„ H=height of structure from base (m)
„ The design of individual existing RC buildings may need to be reviewed.
23
Construction Planning Management Engineering
This will cover the planning and management to make the structure economical
and as safe as possible as this will include the choice of technology, the definition of
work tasks, the estimation of the required resources and durations for individual tasks,
and the identification of any interactions among the different work tasks.
Estimation
Estimate has always been regarded as a valuation based on opinion or roughly made
from imperfect or incomplete data. It is a calculation not professedly exact, also a
statement regarding to the cost of certain work
Design and Purpose
The purpose of a building is to provide shelter for the performance of human activities.
The purpose of hospitals is to provide the needs of people in case of emergencies and
disaster. The structure is designed base on the Philippine building codes for safety
measures.
Environment and Socio Economic
Environmental condition may affect both the shape and appearance of a building
structure. Similarly, the form of a building is affected by various socio economic factors
such as:
Land Cost
High cost of land in the urban areas
Building budget
A prestigious hospital building will be more generously budgeted than other
simple hospitals
Zoning Restrictions
The classification of building and its outline maybe limited by the zoning
regulations
24
Structural Forms
In building technology, every structure must work against the natural force of gravity
that tends to pull down everything to the ground. Therefore, a state of balance must be
attained between the form of structure and the strength of the materials against the
force of gravity
Materials
The Building Code provides that; “materials for building construction must have a
certain quality and physical properties to be structurally sound.”
The materials must be able to carry load or weight without changing in shape
permanently.
Deformation of the materials may occur when load is applied, but must return to
its original position when the load is removed.
If a material is not elastic and deformation is present in the structure after removal
of the load, repeated loading and unloading will eventually increase the
deformation to the point where the structure would become useless.
All structural materials must possess elasticity within a certain defined range of
loading. If the loading is increased above that range, two types of behavior may
occur – brittle and plasticity.
When brittle, the materials will break suddenly. When plastic, the material will
flow to a certain load that will ultimately result to fracture.
The ultimate strength of a material is measured by the stress at which fracture or
failure occur.
Construction
A building exists only as a design on paper if the means of erecting it are not available.
Indeed, large construction is one major problem of the designer.
Role of Machines
The use of modern equipment in all types of construction has substantially ease
the manual efforts in every phase of the work. For instance, hand labor involved
in evacuation and earth moving is now being done by bulldozers, loader, backhoe,
crane and buckets, excavators and trucks in disposing excavated materials. The
wheelbarrow used to transport materials around the construction site has been
25
replaced by mechanical buggy. Likewise, saws and planner are electrically
powered so as the drill and hammer, bolts and screw are also tightened by
mechanical wrench and impact hammer.
Cranes and derricks are used to lift materials and structural steel members from
the ground to their final position. The lifting capacity of a derrick is 18 tons and it
has a maximum horizontal reach of 30 meters. In concrete construction, a
climbing crane is also used for the same purpose. It has a lifting capacity of 5 tons
with horizontal reach of 46 meters. Both the derrick and climbing crane are not
limited by the height of the building for they could be positioned to the next
higher level unlike the crane that stands on the ground.
Scheduling
With the advent of advanced technology, mechanical operations have stepped up
on the highly sophisticated management operation with the aid of computers.
Construction projects scheduling of men, machine and purchasing activities
strictly adhere to PERT and CPM program focused on the critical path method.
Under this system, each separate operation required to complete a project with
other works. By this means, the most critical item or work that may cause delay
could be identified and immediately acted upon by the construction manager.
System Design
Building Techniques and Design were combined gradually into a Unified System. System
is defined as an “assemblage of compatible components that can be arranged together
in a variety of ways to create the different configurations of a building”. In other wo rds
this is called prefabricated parts.
The root off the system lies in the use of modular coordination and standardization
wherein all parts of a building fit into a repetitive pattern. The module unit is basic to
modern construction. The sizes of standard material elements are used to establish all
other dimensions, The geometry of a space and the proportions of a building and its
components are derived from both mathematical and artistic proportions based on
human scale.
System Building
In system building, attempt was made to combine the advantages of:
1. Modular Coordination
2. Prefabrication
26
3. Functional Planning
4. Integration of compatible architectural, structural and mechanical components
In a system building, the industrial production of a building is well emphasized rather

than the production items. Likewise the performance criteria for a system building
include the specifications of:
1. Desired load capacity of the structural members.

2. Heating ventilation and cooling requirements.
3. Desired performance of the building finishes in terms of durability, color and
texture.
4. Detailed criteria for sanitary units and kitchen units.
5. Criteria for partitions such as strength and sound transmission rating.
6. Criteria for lighting intensity and quality.
7. Criteria for the outside wall in terms of type of windows, sash operation, sizes and
strength of glass, water proofing and wind resistance.
Since many different manufacturers provide the various components that make up the
system, all of the components must be integrated to work together dimensionally and
mechanically. Each must contribute to the optimum functioning of the complete
building.
The integration of building component is similar with the assembly of an automobile

with different manufacturers providing components such as body, chassis, motor and
various parts which when assembled together all contribute to the optimum
performance of the finished products.
27
Environmental Engineering
Carbon Footprint of Green Materials used

Carbon footprints are defined as the total sets of greenhouse gases produced by a
typical structure. Each structure produces greenhouse gases that give effect to global
warming within the country. One way of helping the environment is by reducing the
carbon footprint produced by the Hospital. To certify the green properties of the
Hospital, Carbon footprint of the electronic products that will be installed will be
computed.
Led Bulbs
Based on what we have researched, the carbon emission done by a typical LED bulb
ranges from up to 0.019 kg per day and 4.867 per year while a typical non-LED light
emits from up to 0.125kg of carbon per day and 32.448 kg per year. Using these values,
investigation of carbon emission produced by a typical LED light and fluorescent lamp
will proceed.
The estimated carbon emission for the LED bulb and fluorescent light of the Hospital is
as follows:
Total Carbon Total Carbon
Wattage emission per wattage emission per
produced by day produced by day
LED per day fluorescent
lamp
1st Floor 49.52kwh 37.96kg 1st Floor 95.44 kwh 73.16kg
2nd Floor 35.92kwh 27.53kg 2nd Floor 69.23 kwh 53.07kg
3rd Floor 49.52kwh 37.96kg 3rd Floor 88.5 kwh 67.84kg
4th Floor 45.82kwh 35.121kg 4th Floor 88.31 kwh 67.69kg
5th Floor 25.79kwh 19.77kg 5th Floor 49.71kwh 38.10kg
Total 202.97kwh 155.59kg Total 391.19kwh 299.88kg
Computing for carbon emission produced per month
Total Carbon Carbon Total Carbon Carbon

Emission per emission of Emission per emission of
Day LED lights Day fluorescent
(LED) for 30 days (fluorescent) light for 30
28
days
Total 155.59kg 4667.7kg Total 299.88kg 8996.4kg
Carbon emission produced per year
Carbon emission of Carbon emission of Carbon emission of Carbon emission of

LED lights for 30 LED lights for 1 year fluorescent light for fluorescent light for
days ( 12 months ) 30 days 1 year ( 12 months )
4667.7kg 56012.4kg 8996.4kg 107956.8kg
It is shown that the carbon emission produced by LED that will be installed in the
Hospital is 51.88% lesser than what is produced by the fluorescent lamp, Meaning that
LED bulbs is much more safer to use for the structure and environment because of
significant reduction of carbon emission.
The proposed project will adopt the green technology idea. We are going to study and
estimate on how heavy our structure is regarding to the different type of loadings that we
are going to put, because rooms are not the same with one another. The study will include
the advantage and disadvantage of using an elevated floor system that will raise the
structure. Green ideas like natural lighting and plant life installation in the structure will
likewise be analyse.
A study about the possible effects of adopting these green technology ideas will be
discussed in the paper.
The age of environmental awareness has not only forced the development of new ways to
recycle refuse, but also new ways to dispose of it. Adaptation is difficult enough on an
individual level, but for co-op and condo boards, the challenge is to ensure compliance
with new recycling regulations for entire buildings. Today's innovative technology has
alleviated this burden with effective solutions for garbage removal systems in co-ops and
condos.
We absorb the technology of America for waste management treatment and like in this
article.
New York City as a whole recycles 2,300 tons of curbside garbage per day, says Lucian
Chalfen, Assistant Commissioner for Public Affairs at the New York City Department of
29
Sanitation. That's 15 percent of all residential garbage collected, making ours the most
successful program of any large city in the country. The program for multi- unit buildings
consists of the following regulations: posting signs with specific recycling instructions;
maintenance of a tenant-accessible recycling area, complete with proper containers for
sorting; removal of garbage and non-recyclables from designated recycling containers;
tying newspapers, magazines, catalogs, and phone books for collection; and flattening
and tying corrugated cardboard boxes for collection. The first violation notice of these
rules carries with it a $25 fine; four or more notices within six months will cost $500
each.
Avoidance of fines and effective recycling efforts in co-ops and condos differ from
building to building, depending on size. Smaller buildings, like brownstones, usually
have no specialized facilities for garbage removal other than the required recycling areas.
Carol Ferrara, president of Carol Ferrara Associates, manages over 40 small to medium-
sized buildings. Her system is staffed by visiting superintendents who transfer garbage
from designated areas to the street on pick-up days.
Making Compliance Easier
In order for the system to work, residents must comply; responsiveness has been mixed.
Because recycling areas are outside, Sometimes people dump and run, or throw garbage
over the fence, says Ferrara. She has noticed that those who were sloppy with their
garbage before recycling are the same ones who are lax about compliance. Her
perspective simplifies the issue: It's the same amount of garbage, just placed in different
containers.
Superintendents sometimes complain that it takes hours to remove the garbage, she says.
This is why when initial recycling is done correctly, it saves not only time, but money.
She realizes, however, that Different rules for different places may confuse people, like
the difference between office and home recycling. This is why communicating the laws
to residents is key to making all removal systems work.
In larger buildings, garbage removal is more complicated. Some high-rises have

designated areas on each floor with canisters for garbage and recycling, while others have
trash chutes and compactor systems. Santos Tricoche, building superintendent at 180
Riverside Drive, which has 14 floors and 84 units, utilizes the canister system. Individual
bins are placed at the back door of each unit. The maintenance staff transports the
garbage and recyclables on Tuesdays and Fridays to the basement, where it stay ffb s
until pick-up days. He has found this system to be very effective. Everyone is more aware
30
of the environment, as seen by the quantity of materials being recycled and the way
they're recycling, like properly cleaning containers, says Tricoche.
A cost estimation showing the comparison of the typical materials with the green
building materials which will be used in the Hospital which will be provided in this Part
This will show the benefit it will give in terms of cost-saving, efficiency in water and
energy, and its help to the environment. The materials would include:
• The comparison of a typical fluorescent light to LED Bulb in terms of the electricity it
provide per day, monthly, and annually. Its efficiencies in energy, its lifetime, and the
cost saving benefit of LED Bulb.
• The comparison of a conventional urinal to waterless urinal in terms of their prices,

cost and savings in usage, paybacks, and the efficiency in water of waterless urinals.
• The water saving property of AQUS System when installed to a lavatory connecting to
a water closet. This will also include its savings per month in water, and cost expenses,
and its return of investments.
• The energy savings of Low Emissivity Windows, its total cost, and its return of
investments.
• The total cost of a 100w solar panel, the energy savings it provide, and its return of
investments.
31
4.4Review of Literature
Hospitals
St. Luke’s Medical Center
St. Luke’s Medical Center’s legacy of excellence surpasses all

expectations. For over a century, St. Luke’s superior brand of healthcare service
has made it truly world class. With an outstanding success anchored on five
pillars of expertise doctors, state of the art technology, guaranteed patient safety,
excellent success rate and passionate customer service, St. Luke’s Medical Center
is the first hospital in the country to be accredited by the Joint Commission
International (JCI). With its undisputed leadership in virtually all medical
specialties, including cardiovascular medicine, neurology and neurosurgery,
cancer, ophthalmology, and digestive and liver diseases.
Figure 7: This figure shows St. Luke’s Medical Center
Makati Medical Center
The story of the Makati Medical Center or Makati Med began in the early
1960s when Dr. Manahan together with Dr. Jose Y. Fores, a distinguished
surgeon and Dr. Mariano M. Alimurung, a famous cardiologist, decided to set up
a world class medical facility in Makati.
Figure 8: This figure shows Makati Medical Center
32
Elevated/Raised Floor Systems
Easy Home Improvement

o Maintenance of utilities with raised floor system is somewhat simple
with a raised floor system. Routing and rerouting of electrical wirings
is quite easy and less expensive. Also if the building is raised high
enough off the ground, air conditioning ducts can be installed from
below.
Simple Foundation
o Foundation supported by piers with a raised floor system makes
levelling and repairs simple. Also the raised floor is less vulnerable to
disruption from tree roots.
Reduced Flood Risk
Figure 9: This figure shows how the elevated structure looks like when flood occurs
By raising the floor system of the proposed hospital, the risk of

getting flooded by typhoons is reduced and it is the most practical and cost
effective way to protect and meet local building regulations in flood prone
areas.
Pest Control
o With raised floor system, the building is above the ground keeping the
pest away
Achieving a flood resistant building
Achieving a flood resistant building depends upon several things:
a) Identifying the source, nature and severity of flood hazards affecting potential
building sites.
b) Selecting a building site where flood hazards are eliminated or minimized
c) Determining design flood characteristics anticipated at the selected site, both
now and over the life of the building
d) Planning, designing and construction of the building to minimize any potential
flood damages by:
Elevating as much of the building as possible above the design flood level
33
Designing the building foundation and any portions subject to flooding to
withstand design flood conditions and loads
Using flood-damage resistant materials for any portions of the building
below the design flood level
Where flood proofing is permitted, employing appropriate methods and
materials to either dry- flood proof or wet- flood proof those portions of the
building below the design flood level
The Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) is the area known as the 100-
year floodplain, or the area subject to flooding during the Base Flood. The Base
Flood Elevation (BFE) is the water surface elevation associated with the 100-yr
flood, and has a one-percent chance of being equalled or exceeded in any year.
The SFHA is more precisely defined as the floodplain associated with a

flood that has a 1-percent annual chance of being equalled or exceeded in any
given year. Therefore the SFHA is not associated with a flood event that happens
once in a hundred years, it is associated with a flood event that has one percent
chance of occurring each and every year.
Fundamentals of flood resistant building
The fundamental goal of flood-resistant construction is for buildings to resist

floatation, collapse and permanent lateral movement during the design flood.
a) Have the lowest floor (including basement):
Elevated to or above the design flood elevation (Note that this discussion
states that the lowest floor must be elevated. In fact, model building codes and
some floodplain management regulations add freeboard, and require lowest
floors to be set above the DFE in certain instances. Designers should
determine any specific freeboard requirements for their projects, based on
applicable regulations and code requirements.)
For non-residential buildings only – be designed so that the building (and its
attendant utility systems) are watertight below the design flood elevation (dry-
flood proofed) with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water
and with structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic
and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy (NOTE: dry- flood proofing
is not permitted in V zones.
b) Support the building on a foundation designed and constructed to resist all
anticipated flood loads, in combination with other anticipated loads.
c) Construct the building with flood damage resistant materials below the design
flood elevation.
d) In areas outside the V zone, and for buildings not dry- flood proofed,
incorporate flood openings in walls forming an enclosure below the DFE, to
allow the automatic equalization of flood levels.
e) In V zones, or in other areas subject to extreme lateral flood loads, elevate the
building on piles or columns (minimize the use of shear walls below the DFE,
34
wherever possible), keep the area below the DFE free of obstructions that
could transfer flood loads to the elevated building, and use breakaway
construction for any non-structural building elements.
Successful building designs
A “successful” building will resist flood loads and other loads over a period of
decades, and will exhibit the following characteristics.
o Any flood damage will be minor and easily repairable.
o The foundation will remain intact and fully functional following a
design flood.
o Any breakaway enclosures below the DFE will break free without
causing damage to the elevated building, the foundation, building
access structures, or utility systems.
o The building envelope will remain sound.
o The utility connections will be intact or easily restorable after a design
flood.
o The building will be accessible and usable after a design flood.
Flood proofing
Flood proofing is the process of making a building resistant to flood damage,

either by taking the building out contact with floodwaters or by making the
building resistant to any potential damage resulting from contact with
floodwaters. (Note that this discussion stats, where permitted and used, flood
proofing must extend to the DFE. In fact, model building codes and some
floodplain management regulations require flood proofing to extend to levels
above the DFE in certain instances. Designers should determine any specific
flood proofing elevations for their projects, based on applicable regulations
and code requirements).
Floor proofing can be subdivided into several categories:
Dry-flood proofing, requires use of special sealants, coatings;

components and/or equipment to render the lower portion of a building watertight
and substantially impermeable to the passage of water.
Wet-flood proofing, allows the uninhabited lower portion of a building to

flood, but uses materials that will not be damaged by flooding.
35
Active flood proofing, sometimes known as contingent (partial)or
emergency (temporary) flood proofing, requires human intervention to implement
actions that will protect a building and its contents from flooding. Successful use
of this technique requires ample warning time to mobilize people and equipment
and flood proofing materials.
Passive flood proofing, sometimes referred to as a permanent flood
proofing, requires no human intervention- the building (and/or its immediate
surroundings) is designed and constructed to be flood proof without human
intervention.
Table 5 Passive and Active Flood Proofing
Flood resistant materials
According to the National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP), flood-resistant

materials are those materials that are capable of withstanding direct and prolonged
contact with floodwaters, without sustaining significant damage; direct and
prolonged contact means at least 72 hours; significant damage means any damage
requiring more than low-cost cosmetic repair (such as repainting). Designers are
advised that interior finishes below the DFE must also be flood-resistant. The
NFIP has determined that class 5 and 4 materials are flood-resistant; class 3, 2 and
1 materials are not judged flood-resistant by the NFIP
36
Table 6 Flood Resistant Classification Materials
37
Table 7 Flooring Materials Classification for flood resistance (A)
38
Table 8 Flooring Materials Classification for flood resistance (B)
39
Plant life system
Enhances Air quality system
o Plant life inside the hospital does not only enhance air quality but also
enhances the exterior and interior design of the structure. Additionally
staff morale, patient satisfaction and visitor impressions are also
enhanced furthermore improve the recovery of patients with this kind
of environment.
Figure 9: This figure shows the plant life inside the building
o Fungi and bacteria are present in the soil as we all know but plants are
very known to be very good at removing air-borne particles such as
fungal spores and dust
o Hydro culture is an alternative to soil, large plants can be grown in
mediums made up of water and clay granules where a particle of soil
not to be seen
40
Natural light system
o Sunlight is not only good for the patients but also softens the look of a
harsh clinical environment with plants included they provide a healthy
environment which is needed for fast recovery of patients.
Figure 10: This figure shows the plant life inside the building
41
4.5Methodology
Chart 1 Methodology Flowchart
START
Conceptualization and
Proposal
Data Gathering
Soil Investigation Rainfall Data

from
Surveys/ Interviews PAGASA
Data Organization and

Planning
Design of Substructure
Evaluation Not ok
OK
Conclusion/
Documentation
End
42
Methodology Flowchart Description
Thesis Proposal
The thesis proposal must be approved first before gathering the data.
Data Gathering
Gathering of data such as EIA will be considered. The EIA must be filed so that
the researchers will know the condition of the site and what to add or remove on
the design of the proposed structure.
Design of Architectural Plans

Using AUTOCAD software in making floor plans, perspectives and elevations.
Computing of Loads
Base from the NSCP 2010, using the coefficients and recommended load
depending on the use or occupancy and location of the structure, Dead load, Live
load, Wind and Seismic load will be computed using Microsoft Excel.
Design of Structural Members

Structural members such as beams, columns, slabs, and footings will be design
based from the NSCP 2010 using the software, STAAD.
Equations
(Load Combination) = 1.2DL + 1.6LL for the computation of loadings is used
base from the NSCP 2010
Consolidation of all the Designs and Data

All the data that have been gathered, and the Architectural and Structural Design
must all be consolidated.
Estimation Cost
The whole project can now be estimated to determine the budget needed for the
project.
43
CHAPTER 5
Detailed Engineering Design
5.1 Load and Codes
5.1.1 REFERENCES AND STANDARDS
NSCP 2010 Edition National Structural Code of the Philippines

UBC 1997 Edition Uniform Building Code
5.1.2 DESIGN LOADS
Dead Loads (Table 204-2. Minimum Design Dead Loads)

1.Floor and Floor Finishes
a.Ceramic or quarry tile (20mm) on 13mm mortar bed: 0.77 kPa
2.100mm Thick Concrete Hollow Block
a. Both faces plastered :2.11 kPa
Live Load (Table 205-1. Minimum Uniform and Concentrated Live Loads)
1. Wards & Rooms : 1.90 kPa
2. Laboratories & Operating Rooms : 2.9kPa
3. Corridors Above Ground Floor : 3.8 kPa
4. Garages (General Storage and/or Repair) : 4.80 kPa
5. Garages Private or Pleasure – Type : 1.9 kPa
Motor Vehicle Storage
6. Deck :1.9kPa
Seismic Load (Section 208. Earthquake Loads)
NSCP 103-1 (Occupancy Category) Standard Occupancy Structures

NSCP Table 208-1 (Seismic Importance Factor) I= 1.0
NSCP Figure 208-4 (Referenced Seismic Map of the Philippines) Zone 4
NSCP Table 208-3 (Seismic Zone Factor) Z = 0.40
NSCP Table 208-6 (Seismic Source Type) Type A
NSCP Table 208-4 (Near Source Factor) Na = 1.20
NSCP Table 208-5 (Near Source Factor) Nv = 1.60
NSCP Table 208-2 (Soil Profile Types) Type SE
NSCP Table 208-7 (Seismic Coefficient) Ca = 0.44 Na
NSCP Table 208-8 (Seismic Coefficient) Cv = 0.64 Nv
44
NSCP Table 208-11 (Structural System)
In Addition, for Seismic Zone 4, the Total Base Shear, V shall also not be less
han the ff:
NSCP 208.5.2.2 (Structure Period)
Method A
3/4
T = CT (hn)
CT=0.0853 (for steel moment resisting frames)

=0.0731(for reinforced concrete moment resisting frames)
= 0.0488 (for al other buildings)
hn = Height of structure
Load Combinations (N.S.C.P. 2010 Provision 203.3. Load Combinations using

Strength Design)
Ultimate Quantity, U = 1.2D + 1.0E + f1 L (N.S.C.P. 203-5)

= 1.2D + 1.6L
D = quantity due to Dead Load

E = quantity due to Earthquake Load
L = quantity due to Live Load
f1 = 1.0 for floors in places of public assembly
MATERIALS
1. Compressive Strength of Concrete, fc’ = 21.00 MPa

2. Yield Strength of Reinforcing Steel, fy = 275.80 MPa
3
3. Unit Weight of Concrete = 2400 kg/m = 23.53596 kN/
45
5.3 DESIGN OF BEAMS
For Beam
Girder-1(325 x 350) For As
fc’ = 28 MPa As = Pabd = 0.02696(325)(310)
fy = 276 Mpa As = 2716.044mm2
Mu = 176.365 KN-m @ beam G-27 .: Use 28 mm diameter
Pmin = = = 0.00507
Pmax = 0.75 [Pb] = 0.75
Pmax = 0.03765
For Pa
Mu = φfc’ωbd2 (1-0.59ω)
176.365x106 = 0.9(28)(325)(310)2 (ω -
0.59ω 2 )
W = 0.26573
Pa = =
0.02696 >pmin<pmax
.: Therefore Singly reinforced beam
46
Bottom bar
N 28 = = 4.412
5 pcs.-28mm double reinforced bar
Top bar
2 pcs. 16mm double reinforced bar
Check if steel yields
Assume steel yields (fs = fy)
0.85(28)(0.85)(C )(325)= (28)2 (5)(276)
C = 137.32 mm
fs = = 754.50 > f
.:therefore steel yields
.:assumption correct
47
Girder-2 ( 300x 350) For As
D = 310 As = Pabd = 0.026488(300)(310)
Mu = 160.47 KN-m @ beam 437 As = 2463.398 mm2
For Pa .:Use 28 mm diameter
Mu = φfc’ωbd2 (1-0.59ω)
160.47 x106 = 0.9(28)(300)(310)2 (ω - Bottom bar
0.59ω 2 )
N 28 = =4
W = 0.261097
Pa = =
Top bar
0.026488 >pmin<pmax
.:Therefore Singly reinforced beam
48
Second Floor – 5th Floor For As
Beam-1( 350 x 425) As = Pabd = 0.03658(350)(385)
D = 385 As = 4929.704 mm2
Mu = 371.141 KN-m @ beam 1498 Use 28 mm diameter
For Pa Bottom bar
Mu = φfc’ωbd2 (1-0.59ω) N 28 = =8
371.14 x106 = 0.9(28)(350)(385)2 (ω -

2
0.59ω )
Top bar
W = 0.36061
Pa = =
0.03658 >pmin<pmax
.: Therefore Singly reinforced beam
49
Beam-2( 350 x 400) For As
D = 360 As = Pabd = 0.02586922(350)(360)
Mu = 247.627 KN-m @ beam 1017 As = 3259.522 mm2
For Pa Use 28 mm diameter
Mu = φfc’ωbd2 (1-0.59ω)
247.627 x106 = 0.9(28)(350)(360)2 (ω -
0.59ω 2 )
Bottom bar
W = 0.254997
N 28 = = 5.29
Pa = =
0.02586922 >pmin<pmax
Top bar
Therefore Singly reinforced beam

50
5.4 DESIGN OF COLUMNS
For Column Use 32 mm diameter bar
@ Ground N 28 = = 22.56
Column-1
24 pcs. – 32mm diameter
Pu = 6497.573 KN @ beam
Lateral Ties 10mm
1413/column
1.) 48(10) =480
fc’ = 28 Mpa
2.) 16(32) = 512
fy = 276 Mpa 3.) 550
Pg = 0.01 to 0.08 ; use Pg = 0.06 Spaced @ 480 mm
Pu = 0.80φ[fyPg + 0.85 fc’ (1- Pg)]Ag
6497.513x103 = 0.80(0.7)[2.76(0.06)+
0.85(28)(1-0.06)]Ag
Ag = 298 484.8165 mm2
Ag = d2 ; d = 546.34 = 550 mm
Use 550 x 550 or 600 x 600 mm^2
Ag = 362500
Ast = PgAg = 0.06(362500)
Ast = 18150
51
Use 525 x 525
Column-2 Ast = PgAg = 0.06(275625)
Pu = 5563.901 KN @ beam Ast = 16537.5
1334/column
Use 32 mm diameter bar
fc’ = 28 Mpa
N 28 = = 20.56
fy = 276 Mpa
22 pcs. – 32mm diameter
Pg = 0.01 to 0.08 ; use Pg = 0.06
Lateral Ties 10mm
Pu = 0.80φ[fyPg + 0.85 fc’ (1- Pg)]Ag
1.) 48(10) =480
3
5563.90x10 = 0.80(0.7)[2.76(0.06)+
2.) 16(32) = 512
0.85(28)(1-0.06)]Ag
3.) 550
Ag = 275625 mm2
Spaced @ 480 mm
Ag = d2 ; d = 505.17 = 525 mm
52
FOUNDATION
The foundation shall be mat footing and the allowable soil bearing capacity (from
Attached Soil Investigation Report) is 30 kPa.
PRELIMINARY SIZING OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
3
UNIT WEIGHT OF CONCRETE =23.53596 kN/m
1. Concrete Slab
Approximate Thickness, h = Slab Panel perimeter / 180
Approximate Thickness, h = (7.50m)(2) + (4.00m)(2)
180
Approximate
Slab Panel Dead Loads Wt. Thickness, h =
(kPa) 0.12778m
Element
Wt. use h = 0.150m
Concrete Slab 3.53
Weight of Concrete
Floor Tiles 0.77
Slab = (Slab
Electrical Fixtures 0.18
Thickness) (Unit
Plumbing Fixtures 0.18
Weight of Concrete)
Total, w 4.65
Weight of Concrete
Slab = (0.150m)(23.53596kN/m3)
2
Weight of Concrete Slab = 3.530394 kN/m
2. Concrete Beam (Sized from the Most Loaded Beam)
Wt. Wt.
Floor Height (m)
(kPa) (kN/m)
5th 3.32 2.11 7.01
4th 3.32 2.11 7.01
3rd 3.32 2.11 7.01
2nd 3.32 2.11 7.01
Ground 3.5 2.11 7.39
53
For Foundation For initial thickness
@ Mode 134 T = 20%(L) +75 = 0.20(4700)+ 75
DL = 3100.875 KN T = 1015mm
LL = 1079.000 KN qn = 190 – 24(1.015) – 19.63(2.9-
1.015)
Assume soil bearing capacity = 190
Kpa( Compact in organic sand and silt qn = 128.64 Kpa
mixture)
fc’ = 28 Mpa
fy = 276 Mpa
Wt. of soil = 19.63 KN/m3
Wt. of concrete = 24 KN/m3
1.) Initial Dimension
Area = =
Area = 21. 999 m2
L = 4.69 = 4.7
54
For Footing Dimension For Effective Depth Due to Shear (
two way)
L2 =
φVc = 0.75( (fc’)0.5 (bd)

L = 5.700 m
bd = 4(4+d)
Therefore dimension = 5.7 x 5.7
φVc = 0.75( (28)0.5 (4(4+d))(d)

For Effective Depth Due to Shear (
one way) φVc = 2(7)0.5 ( 4+d)(d)
1.) Initial Dimension Vu = qu [b2 – (a+d)2 ]
qu= = Vu = 167.665x10-3 [57002 –
(550+d2 ]]
Vu = φVc
qu = 167.665 Kpa
2(7)0.5 ( 4+d)(d) = = 167.665x10-

Vu<=φVc = 0.75( fc’0.5 bd
3
[57002 – (550+d2 ]]
Vu = qu[x][L]
d = 975.611 = 980 mm
Vu = 167.665x10-3 (2.575-d)(5700)
therefore govern
φVc = 0.75( (28)0.5 (5700)d

For Thickness
Vu = φVc Use 32mm diameter
3770.195618d = 955.6905 (2575-d) T = 980 + 75 + 1.5(32)
d = 520.728 mm T = 1163 = 1110mm
55
d = 987mm N32 = = 35.47
For Reinforcement Bars at

36 pcs. Main bars both ways
Bending
Spacing =
Mu =qu [ ] L
Spacing =
Mu = 167.665[ ](5.7)
Mu = 3168.413 KN-m
Mu = φfc’ωbd2 (1-0.59ω)
3168.413 = 0.9(28)(5700)(987)2 (ω -
0.59ω 2 )
W = 0.0229538
Pa = =
0.002328642<pmin
Pmin = = = 0.00507
Use Pmin
For No. of Bars
As = 0.00507 (5700)(984)
As = 28523.313
56
Summary of Loads based on STAAD 2007 analysis.
Fx Mx My Mz
Beam L/C Node kN Fy kN Fz kN kNm kNm kNm
1
EARTHQUAKE
X 198 -0.11 8.437 -0.104 0.031 0.363 9.287
1573 0.11 8.881 0.104 -0.031 0.364 -10.843
2
EARTHQUAKE
Z 198 0.465 8.248 0.153 -0.006 -0.537 8.58
1573 -0.465 9.07 -0.153 0.006 -0.536 -11.455
3 DEAD 198 -0.457 15.381 0.001 0.003 -0.003 19.786
1573 0.457 15.412 -0.001 -0.003 -0.006 -19.894
4 LIVE 198 5.7 29.391 0.004 -0.006 0 42.245
1573 -5.7 29.409 -0.004 0.006 -0.031 -42.307
5 WIND 1 198 -0.471 -0.957 -0.003 0.065 0.008 -3.311
1573 0.471 0.957 0.003 -0.065 0.012 -3.388
6 WIND 2 198 -0.016 0.302 0 -0.02 0 1.054
1573 0.016 -0.302 0 0.02 -0.001 1.063
7 WIND 3 198 -0.528 -1.155 -0.003 0.079 0.009 -4
1573 0.528 1.155 0.003 -0.079 0.014 -4.089
8 DL + LL 198 8.571 65.483 0.009 -0.006 -0.004 91.335
1573 -8.571 65.548 -0.009 0.006 -0.056 -91.564
9 DL + LL +
EQX 198 4.836 64.125 -0.118 0.037 0.431 85.047
1573 -4.836 64.725 0.118 -0.037 0.397 -87.149
10 DL + LL +
EQZ 198 5.526 63.898 0.19 -0.009 -0.65 84.199
1573 -5.526 64.951 -0.19 0.009 -0.683 -87.884
11 DL + LL +
WL1 198 8.1 64.526 0.006 0.059 0.004 88.024
1573 -8.1 66.505 -0.006 -0.059 -0.044 -94.953
12 DL + LL +
WL2 198 8.555 65.785 0.009 -0.026 -0.004 92.39
1573 -8.555 65.246 -0.009 0.026 -0.057 -90.501
13 DL + LL +
WL3 198 8.043 64.328 0.005 0.073 0.005 87.336
1573 -8.043 66.704 -0.005 -0.073 -0.042 -95.653
MAX BEAM
FORCES 1573 8.571 66.7 0.19 0.079 0.431 92.39
57
Summary of Loads based on STAAD 2007 analysis.
Horizonta Vertica Horizonta Momen

l l l t
Mx My Mz
Node L/C Fx kN Fy kN Fz kN kNm kNm kNm
1
EARTHQUAK 1627.5 -
1 EX -15.499 3 2.848 -2.869 3.332 47.342
2
EARTHQUAK 1617.2
EZ 7.468 2 -9.069 -33.906 5.417 -3.275
3100.8
3 DEAD 17.888 8 22.403 -0.311 0.402 0.695
4 LIVE 68.123 1079 81.148 12.806 0.117 11.95
-
5 WIND 1 0.572 2.901 -26.205 -12.006 0.081 11.198
-
6 WIND 2 14.22 -2.256 9.163 21.517 0.002 -13.703
-
7 WIND 3 0.758 3.231 -32.52 -14.196 0.093 13.04
5447.4
8 DL + LL 130.463 5 156.72 20.116 0.67 19.954
9 DL + LL + 7993.4 -
EQX 78.146 4 120.41 8.866 3.239 69.873
10 DL + LL + 7981.0
EQZ 105.707 6 106.11 -28.38 7.261 9.132
11 DL + LL + 5450.3
WL1 131.036 5 130.515 8.109 0.589 31.152
12 DL + LL + 5445.1
WL2 144.683 9 165.883 41.633 0.668 6.251
13 DL + LL + 5450.6
WL3 131.222 8 124.2 5.919 0.576 32.994
MAX 7.26 69.87

144.68 7993 165.9 41.63
REACTION 1 3
AND
MOMENTS
58
5.4 Architectural Design
Fig.11 Perspective View
59
5.4.2.2Floor Plan
Fig.12 Ground Floor Plan
60
Fig.13 Second Floor Plan
61
Fig.14 Third Floor Plan
62
Fig.15 Fourth Floor Plan
63
Fig.16 Fifth Floor Plan
64
Fig.17 Front Elevation
65
Fig.18 Left Elevation Plan
66
Fig.19 Right Elevation Plan
67
Fig.20 Rear Elevation Plan
68
5.4.2.5Structural Design
Fig.21 Foundation Plan
69
Ground Floor Framing Plan
Fig.22 Ground Framing Plan
70
Second Floor Framing Plan
Fig.23 2nd Floor Framing Plan
71
Third Floor Framing Plan
Fig.24 3rd Floor Framing Plan
72
Fourth Floor Framing Plan
Fig.25 4th Floor Framing Plan
73
Fifth Floor Framing Plan
Fig.26 5th Floor Framing Plan
74
Roof deck Framing Plan
Fig.27 3rd Floor Framing Plan
75
Schedule of Windows
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
Schedule of Doors
83
84
85
86
87
88
Schedule of Elevator
89
90
91
92
5.2Beam Design
** See Appendices for design calculations
Fig. 31 Beam Design
93
Slab Design
Fig.32 Slab Design
94
5.3Foundation Design
5.3.1 Introduction
Most large urban center lie in coastal regions, which are home to about 25% of
the world’s population. The current coastal urban population of 200 million is projected
to almost double in the next 20 to 30 years. Land reclamation from the sea and
construction of high-rise buildings with extensive foundations are two consequences of
growing demand for more housing and other land uses. The construction of buildings and
underground transport systems usually requires extensive foundation and ground
engineering work, including deep excavation, bored piles, grouting, and diaphragm walls.
The natural soil in the upper few tens of meters, which is usually a zone with the most
active groundwater flow, is thus replaced by impermeable concrete. These foundation
materials may also modify the regional groundwater flow system and alter the dynamic
interaction between groundwater and seawater. Land reclamation and deep foundations
may reduce submarine groundwater discharge, which may in turn change the coastal
seawater quality, and increase the water table in the coastal areas, which may impact the
foundation stability of the coastal structures.
Foundation Used
Mat Foundation
Typically, the mat is utilized for conditions where a preliminary design indicates that
individual columns or footings would be undesirably close together or try to overlap. The
mat is frequently utilized as a method to reduce or distribute building loads in order to
reduce differential settlement between adjacent areas. To function properly, the mat
structure will be more rigid and thicker than individual spread footing. A mat foundation
is typically used when there are poor and weak soil conditions.
95
5.3.2 Footing Design
96
Fig.33 Footing Design
Fig. Elevation detail of Mat Foundation
97
CHAPTER 6
Budget Estimation
Since Pasay City General Hospital is a government hospital, the budget
for constructing the building will come from the Pasay City Government. The material
costs used in the budget estimation of the government hospital building were consulted
from different hardware in Metro Manila. And, it is assumed in this study that 30% of the
material unit cost is for labour. Based from the information gathered, the cost for
constructing a single room of standard size is roughly 1.3 million pesos. Thus, for a
project of sixty-seven (67) rooms, it would need a budget of 400 million pesos, not
including laboratory apparatus and devices that will be used.
98
Architectural Estimation
99
Structural Estimation
Estimation per floor
100
101
102
103
104
105
Total Cost of Project = 366,033,938.50
106
CHAPTER 7
Project Schedule
Based from the scheduled generated by the software MS Project 2007, the overall
estimated duration of the proposed Five-Storey government hospital is 346 working days.
It can be seen in the schedule that majority of the estimated working days is for civil and
structural works which includes foundation works, rebar laying and concrete pouring of
structural members from ground to fifth floor, masonry works for the walls and
installation of roofing materials. The following chart shows the detailed estimated
duration of each work classification for the project.
Table Detailed Estimated Duration of Each Work Classification for the Project
The chart below shows the manpower requirement for the project.
Table Manpower Requirement
107
The Chart below shows the equipment requirement for the project.
Table Equipment Requirement
108
8.1 Gantt Chart
Chart 2 Gantt Chart
109
8.2 Project Implementation
Chart 3 Bar Chart
110
CHAPTER 8
PROMOTIONAL MATERIAL
The walkthrough to the Design of Five-Storey Sustainable Government Hospital

in Sunrise Drive, Pasay City is generated using the software Google SketchUp, Google
SketchUp is a real-time 3D architectural visualization tool for architects, urban planners
and designers. This software is a serious alternative to traditional rendering or
outsourcing visualization.
Fig. Google SketchUp Software
111
Fig.16 Civil Design Site Plan
112
Some snapshots of the walkthrough generated using this software is shown below.
Fig.17 BIRDS EYE VIEW
Fig.18 RIGHT SIDE VIEW
113
Fig.19 FRONT ELEVATION
Fig.20 FRONT VIEW
114
Fig.21 LEFT SIDE VIEW
Fig.22 EMERGENCY ROOM
115
Fig.23 3D STRUCTURAL FRAME
116
CHAPTER 9
Conclusion and Summary
Following the completion of the design of this proposed Five – Storey Sustainable
Hospital for a Flood Prone Area, it has been concluded from the objectives that were
fulfilled that this project will be the finest solution to the lack of hospital in Pasay City,
specifically in Brgy.076 Sunrise Drive area where this is anticipated to be executed.
The researches we accomplished by conducting surveys and asking important

useful information from the government explained that the city lacks hospital. This is
why this project definitely must be implemented, knowing especially that Philippines.
The city can be a better place to live in with this kind of hospital that we are offering that
is willing to adapt to any kinds of weather condition. During our study, we found out that
solar panels can reduce the amount of your electricity bill per month to more than 50% of
the average cost, and the cistern with a computed diameter of 2 meters and height of 2.87
meters can accumulate the average volume of rainwater in that certain area.
Several considerations affected the design of the five-storey hospital building.

One of the most common design changes was to simplify the design to reduce
construction time/cost. The group designed the most economical columns, beams, slabs
and other structures economically to equal the Pasay City Government’s budget. The
designing of the engineer will also add to the total cost of the plan which is an advantage
of the thesis project. The group believes that the floor plans, 3-D walkthrough,
construction plan set, and the calculations supporting the structural design represent a
very effective way to meet the needs of Pasay City Government and to incorporate the
design norms that were an important part of our project.
117
Recommendations
The integrated green technology must be focused o n in the next study if there is
more time for the researchers, as this idea is growing widely and needed to be
concentrated to be able to be further innovative and eco nomical. Moreover, a sewer plan
shall be added in order to identify where the pipes are located so that the incorporated
cistern will be set up in the right place.
A review or evaluation about the impacts of the p roposed building to the
environment and to the beneficiaries itself is recommended to be done for future.
On the Geotechnical aspect of the project, it is advisable to conduct further site

investigation. Since the group is only conducting a study, the group only has limited data
when it comes to the soil bearing capacity of the site. Soil investigation for the site will
help the next study be more accurate and can determine the total load pressure that the
soil can grip.
Another remaining design consideration requires both electrical and mechanical

Engineer. Since the group focused more on the structural part of the project, they were
unable to design the electrical and the lighting plans of the building. The electrical
engineers could also design all the wiring for the computers, lights, and wall plugs. As for
the mechanical engineers, they could design all of the duct work and the air conditioning
unit for some of the rooms. Mechanical engineers can also do plumbing design of the
building. They would need to determine the necessary slope of the pipes, where the
existing plumbing runs in the hospital, and where to connect the new pipes.
118
Acknowledgements
The group would like to extend their whole- hearted gratitude and appreciation to the
following personages and establishments whose never- ending assistance, support, and
efforts helped for the accomplishment and success of this project proposal.
First, to our dear and ever understanding parents, Mr. and Mrs. Cabacungan, Mr. and
Mrs. Libiran, and Mr. and Mrs. Siobal, we extend our deepest appreciation for their
financial and moral support that helped the development of our thesis project. Also, we
would like to thank them for understanding us when we stayed late all night working and
for encouraging us during the darkest days of our lives.
Second, to our very industrious and patient Thesis Adviser, Engr. Geoffrey Cueto, whose
support and trust kept us to get going to what we have started. In times of hopelessness,
her words of encouragement let us set aside our doubts and uncertainties regarding the
feasibility of our thesis proposal. We thank her for staying with us and guiding us
throughout the term.
Third, To our Dr. Francis Aldrine Uy, panel members, Engr. Divina Gonzales, Engr.
Jocelyn Buluran and Engr. Bienvenido Cervantes,and to the faculty of CEGE, we thank
them for their assistance and guidance, especially, during the formulation of our thesis
problem and title. For the constructive criticisms they gave us before the oral defense. It
was very helpful and made us to see the big picture.
Fourth, to the employees of the Pasay City Hall, for the over whelming reception they
gave us during the time when we were looking for a potential site to be our project
location for our proposal. They became an instrument for us to complete this thesis
proposal.
Finally, to our friends and classmates who gave us suggestions in some part of the project
where we lacked of ideas, and for the companionship.
Cabacungan, Norman R.
Libiran, Daniel Paulo C.
Siobal, Anniezette C.
119
References:
Pasay City Zoning Ordinance no.2769 s-2003 Article I TITLE OF THE

ORDINANCE p.1
Pasay City Zoning Ordinance no.2769 s-2003 Article II AUTHORITY AND
PURPOSE p.1
Pasay City Zoning Ordinance no.2769 s-2003 Article III DEFENITION OF
TERMS p.2-9
Pasay City Zoning Ordinance no.2769 s-2003 Article IV GENERAL
REGULATIONS
Pasay City Zoning Ordinance no.2769 s-2003 Article V PERFORMANCE
CRITERIA p.16-20
Pasay City Zoning Ordinance no.2769 s-2003 Article VI GEOGRAPHIC
DEVELOPMENT ZONES (GOZs) AND CHARACTERIZATION p.20-21
Pasay City Zoning Ordinance no.2769 s-2003 Article VII ZONE
CLASSIFICATIONS p.21-78
Pasay city Zoning Ordinance no.2769 S-2003 p.79-99 Appendix "C"
Pasay City Zoning Ordinance no.2769 s-2003 Article IX
ADMINISTRATION AND REINFORCEMENT p.58-64
Pasay City Zoning Ordinance no.2769 s-2003 Article III section 32 p.15-58
Hospitals and Health Services Act, 1927
Mental Health Act.
The Radiation Safety Act, 1975 - 1981.
The Radiation Safety (General) Regulations, 1983.
Health (Food Hygiene) Regulations, made under the Health Act, 1911.
Australian Council on Health Care Standards.
"National Building Code"
Code of Good Manufacturing Practice for Therapeutic Goods.
Medical Waste Management Code of Practice for Collection of Waste in
Health Care Units - Environmental Health Branch, Health Department of
W.A.
National Standard for the Operation of Sterile Supply/Service in Health Care
Facilities, 1996 - The National Consultative Council for Therapeutic Goods,
Health Department of W.A
Guidelines for Clerical and Screen Based Work Stations - Human Resource
Services, Health Department of W.A.
"Guidelines for Construction and Equipment of Hospital and Medical
Facilities", 1987, The American Institute of Architects Press, Washington D.C.
Guidelines for Infection Control in Non-Teaching Health Care
Establishments - Disease Control Branch, Health Department of W.A.
Hospital Signposting Guidelines - Health Department of W.A.
Green, A and Young, Geds.; "The Design of Doctors Surgeries"
"Health Care Service Groups Manuals", various, Facilities and Assets
Branch, Health Department of W.A.
Health Facility Fire Design Supplement, 1993 - Health Department of W.A.
120
http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2010/ra_10121_2010.html
http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/28613-quezon-city-
eyes-evacuation-patients- in- flooded- hospitals
http://www.philippinenursingdirectory.com hospitals- metro- manila/pasay
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Manila
http://www.philippinenursingdirectory.com/hospitals-metro- manila/pasay
121

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Design of a Five- Storey Sustainable Government Hospital in Pasay City

Libiran, Daniel Paulo C.

Submitted to the School of Civil, Environmental and Geological

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

For the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Mapua Institute of Technology

Muralla St. Intramuros Manila

The proposed project is a Five Storey Government Hospital that is fully

above the expected flood depth.

as the environmental management plan are specified to be comprehensively studied to

obtain a sufficient implementation of the project.

CHAPTER 2 Presenting the Challenges 3

2.1 Problem Statement 3

CHAPTER 3 Environmental Examination Report 7

3.1 Project Description 7

3.2 Description of Environmental Setting and Receiving Environment 14

3.3 Impact Assessment and Mitigation 15

3.4 Environmental Management Plan 16

CHAPTER 4 Research Component 20

CHAPTER 5 Detailed Engineering Design 44

5.1 Loads and Codes 44

CHAPTER 6 Budget Estimation 98

CHAPTER 7 Project’s Schedule 107

7.1 Gantt Chart 109

CHAPTER 8 Promotional Material 111

CHAPTER 9 Conclusions and Summary 117

Appendix A – Article Type

Resume of Each Member

List of Tables, Illustrations, Charts or Graphs

Fig. 1 Pasay City Zoning Map p. 8

Table 1 Population in Pasay City p. 2

Chart 1Methodology Flowchart p.42

Shortage of hospitals is a major problem in Metro Manila. Among the cities in

Table 1 Population in Pasay City

Presenting the Challenges

Hospitals in Pasay City are relatively few as compared to other cities in

2.2 Project Objective

The main objective of this project is to develop and construct a high-

To conceptualize engineered solutions that will address quandaries on the

2.3Design Norms Considered

The proposed hospital building will be designed as an eco- friendly

The proposed hospital building will be designed as an eco- friendly

2.4Major and Minor Areas of Civil Engineering

2.5The Project Beneficiary

2.6The Innovative Approach

Technical programs will be utilized to help in modelling, analyzing and

2.7The Research Component

This project considers the design of the following:

2.9Sustainable Development Concept

Specifically, in terms of the design of the ventilation system, a cross-flow

In designing the natural ventilation strategies, the building permeability

Moreover, in terms of construction materials methods, application of

Environmental Examination Report

In our country, rain comes at expected time but typhoons are

The elevated five-storey government hospital is located in

Figure 2: This figure shows the property identification map

3.1.4 Description of Project Phases

Secure permits and clearance from the local

Clearing and Grubbing

Stripping of topsoil and unsuitable material

3.2 Description of Environmental Setting and Receiving Environment

3.2.3Socio-Cultural, Economic and Political Environment