Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1 – Present Progressive
Affirmative (Afirmativa)
Exceções:
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Never - Expressa que algo nunca aconteceu, nem sequer uma vez
específica)
That statue has stood in the square for two hundred years.
A estátua tem permanecido na praça por duzentos anos.
3 – Voz Passiva
Entretanto, se você quer focalizar a pessoa ou coisa afetada pela ação, você
faz a pessoa ou coisa o objeto da sentença e usa a Passive Voice.
I don’t know who did it, but my dog has been let out.
Eu não sei quem fez isso, mas meu cão foi solto.
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All the Sherlock Holmes books can be read in the central library.’
Todos os livros de Sherlock Holmes podem ser lidos na Biblioteca central.’
Am/is/are + pp
Was/were + pp
Am/are/is being + pp
Has/have been + pp
Was/were + pp
Oil was known in the ancient world and had several uses.
(http://www.scienceclarified.com) 05949764803
Was/were being + pp
The victims of the disaster were being helped when they died.
As vítimas do desastre estavam sendo ajudadas quando morreram.
Had been + pp
The vegetables had been cooked for far too long, but we had to eat them.
Os legumes tinham sido cozidos por muito tempo, mas tivemos que
comê-los.
Seepages had been reported around the shore of Controller Bay for many
years.
Vazamentos haviam sido relatados em torno da costa do Controller Bay
por muitos anos.
Will be + pp
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(to) be + pp
Would + be + PP
These chess sets would have been played by the same rules...
Esses jogos de xadrez teriam sido jogados pelas mesmas regras….
Can + (to) be + PP
Com o verbo to get indica que se convencer ou enganar alguém para fazer
algo.
The attacks are unusual because they target the banks themselves rather
than customers and their account information. (www.latimes.com)
Os ataques são incomuns porque o alvo deles são os próprios bancos em
vez dos clientes e suas informações de conta. (www.latimes.com)
Your answers to questions 25-30 must be based on the text below entitled
“Brazil boosts the dollar”.
How long can the run on the dollar continue? Last year’s dollar slump, with
its attendant rise in commodity prices, ended when the market put paid to
it. This time governments are attempting to slow it down.
Perhaps as a result, there was a day’s pause in the trade that has seen the
dollar hit 14-month lows while oil, denominated in dollars, briefly hit $80 a
barrel before falling. 05949764803
Brazil’s imposition of a 2 per cent tax on capital inflows, to both stocks and
bonds, showed strong intent. This move brought the real, which has risen
54.5 per cent against the dollar since its nadir, down by 3.8 per cent. The
Bovespa stock index, which has tripled since its low, fell 7.5 per cent in
dollar terms at one point.
Comentários:
25- The title of the article suggests that the Brazilian government
25- The title of the article suggests that the Brazilian government
25 – O título do artigo sugere que o governo brasileiro
Numa questão como essa, que se pede a análise do título do texto, procure
palavras em comum. Essa é a única opção que não tem a palavra dólar.
Além disso, não tem nada a ver o que diz com o título. Errada.
c) has taken action to deflate the dollar. = tomou medidas para deflacionar
o dólar. e d) has decided to shun the dollar. = decidiu eximir o dólar. e e)
is concerned about the over-valued dollar. = está preocupado com a super-
valorização do dólar.
Observe que todas as três opções acima expressam algo negativo quanto
à ação do governo em relação ao dólar, ao passo que o título expressa algo
positivo. Opções erradas.
GABARITO: A
A opção expressa o oposto do que diz o texto. Primeiro caiu, não aumentou.
Depois subiu, não caiu. E os preços das commodities não foram cortados,
mas sim subiram. Opção errada.
d) first fell, then stabilized after commodity prices went up.= primeiro caiu,
então estabilizou-se depois que os preços das commodities subiram.
How long can the run on the dollar continue? Last year’s dollar slump, with
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its attendant rise in commodity prices, ended when the market put paid to
it. This time governments are attempting to slow it down.
e) remained unaffected by the financial crisis.= não foi afetado pela crise
financeira.
Sim, o dólar foi afetado pela crise financeira. Ele oscilou. Opção errada.
GABARITO: D
O texto diz que o Brasil teme que um real muito caro possa pôr em perigo
a sua recuperação. Opção errada.
c) took more drastic action to stem the fall in the dollar. = adotou medidas
mais drásticas para frear a queda do dólar.
Brazil’s government went further, imposing capital controls to stop the real
gaining at the dollar’s expense.
A opção usa um sinônimo para refletir o que diz o texto. Essa é a opção
correta.
d) gave sharp warning over rising oil prices. = deu severa advertência sobre
o aumento dos preços do petróleo.
O texto fala que quem emitiu um alerta foi o Canadá e foi sobre o
fortalecimento do dólar, não sobre o aumento do preço do petróleo. Opção
errada. 05949764803
e) watched the Canadian dollar rise with mild optimism.= observou o dólar
canadense aumentar com um leve otimismo.
GABARITO: C
28- The writer claims that Canada and Brazil both appeared to show
28- The writer claims that Canada and Brazil both appeared to show
28 – O autor declara que o Canadá e o Brasil ambos parecem mostrar
a) little concern about the falling value of the dollar. =pouca preocupação
com o valor de queda do dólar.
b) more concern than the US over the weakness of the dollar. =mais
preocupação do que os EUA sobre a fraqueza do dólar.
O texto é bem claro em dizer que os EUA não se preocupam tanto com o
dólar como outros países. Esta é a opção correta.
GABARITO: B
Esse foi o valor que o real havia subido, não o dólar. Opção errada.
Brazil’s imposition of a 2 per cent tax on capital inflows, to both stocks and
bonds, showed strong intent.
A imposição do Brasil de um imposto de 2 por cento sobre a entrada de
capitais, para ambos títulos e ações, mostrou forte intenção.
c) a drop of 7.5% in the dollar against the real. = uma queda de 7,5% do
dólar frente ao real.
The Bovespa stock index, which has tripled since its low, fell 7.5 per cent
in dollar terms at one point.
O índice Bovespa, que triplicou desde o seu mínimo, caiu 7,5 por cento em
termos de dólar em um ponto.
Esse número 7.5 % indica quanto o índice Bovespa caiu, ele serve como
um indicador médio do comportamento do mercado. Não se refere à queda
do dólar frente ao real. Opção errada. 05949764803
Brazil’s imposition of a 2 per cent tax on capital inflows, to both stocks and
bonds, showed strong intent. This move brought the real, which has risen
54.5 per cent against the dollar since its nadir, down by 3.8 per cent.
GABARITO: E
b) that there could be a dangerous run on its stock market. = que poderia
haver uma operação perigosa em seu mercado de ações.
O texto apenas cita que o indíce Bovespa caiu. Não cita uma possível
operação perigosa. Opção errada.
Conforme o texto, o Brasil foi mais além. Portanto, não manteve o mesmo
ritmo que o Canadá. Opção errada.
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Brazil evidently fears that an overpriced real could endanger its recovery.
Other exporters will be watching closely.
Evidentemente, o Brasil teme que um real muito caro possa pôr em perigo
a sua recuperação. Outros exportadores estarão observando de perto.
GABARITO: D
Translation
How long can the run on the dollar continue? Last year’s dollar slump, with
its attendant rise in commodity prices, ended when the market put paid to
it. This time governments are attempting to slow it down.
commodities, terminou quando o mercado teve que pagar por isso. Desta
vez, os governos estão tentando desacerelá-la.
Perhaps as a result, there was a day’s pause in the trade that has seen the
dollar hit 14-month lows while oil, denominated in dollars, briefly hit $80 a
barrel before falling.
Brazil’s imposition of a 2 per cent tax on capital inflows, to both stocks and
bonds, showed strong intent. This move brought the real, which has risen
54.5 per cent against the dollar since its nadir, down by 3.8 per cent. The
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Bovespa stock index, which has tripled since its low, fell 7.5 per cent in
dollar terms at one point.
Evidentemente, o Brasil teme que um real muito caro possa pôr em perigo
a sua recuperação. Outros exportadores estarão observando de perto.
“In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes” - Benjamin
Franklin, 1789
At the end of 19th century, the question was how to tax commerce via
the telegraph. At the end of the 20th century, the question is how to tax
commerce via the Internet.
It’s not an idle question. Recent estimates suggest that business-to-
business ecommerce will reach $1.3 trillion by the year 2003. Needless to
say, governments are concerned to make sure the anonymity and
boundary-less nature of the Internet doesn’t lead to a reduction in their tax
income.
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Booster Vocabulary
boundary-less sem fronteiras
ecommerce comércio eletrônico
idle ocioso, desocupado
56- The introductory quotation by Benjamin Franklin points out that death
and taxes
56- A citação introdutória por Benjamin Franklin aponta que a morte e os
impostos
“In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes” Benjamin
Franklin, 1789
“Neste mundo nada é certo, salvo a morte e os impostos”
Opção A: show that there is nothing certain in this world = mostram que
não há nada certo neste mundo
A opção expressa uma ideia negativa total, não é isso que diz a frase.
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Perceba que o conectivo but abre exceção para dois elementos: a morte e
os impostos. Opção errada.
Opção B: are the only certainties in this world = são as únicas certezas
neste mundo
“In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes” Benjamin
Franklin, 1789
Foi exatamente isso o que o autor da frase quis dizer. Esta é a opção
correta, o uso do but mostra claramente que esses dois elementos:morte
e impostos são as únicas certezas que existem no mundo.
Opção C: may be the only certainties in this world = podem ser as únicas
certezas neste mundo.
A opção nada tem a ver com o que o autor quis dizer. Errada.
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GABARITO: B
At the end of 19th century, the question was how to tax commerce via
the telegraph.
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Opção C: audit those companies which sell via the telegraph = auditoria
daquelas empresas que vendem através do telégrafo
Não tem nada a ver, o texto não diz isso. A Banca usou algumas palavras
que existem no texto, mas transmitiu uma ideia que não existe no conteúdo
textual, portanto errada.
At the end of the 20th century, the question is how to tax commerce via
the Internet.
Opção E: finance e.commerce via the Internet until it reaches $1.3 trillion
= finanças e comércio eletrônico através da Internet até alcançar 1,3
trilhões de dólares
O texto cita a citação do enunciado mas não para expressar que esta seja
a principal preocupação do momento. Errada.
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Opção A: has been studied and negotiated through the Internet = tem sido
estudada e negociada através da Internet
O texto não diz isso, o que acontece é que os governos estão preocupados
com a segurança da informação. Opção errada.
A opção está equivocada. O que o texto diz é que essa redução é temida
pelo governo, não tem nada a ver com a redução estabilizar nada. Errada.
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Booster Vocabulary
business-to-business (B2B) negócios entre empresas
in-the-long-term em um logo período, a longo
prazo
tax collection arrecadação tributária
GABARITO: C
59- Which of the statements below does not reflect the content of the text?
59- Which of the statements below does not reflect the content of the text?
59 – Quais das sentenças abaixo não refletem o conteúdo do texto?
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Opção A: In the 19th century, levies had not been created yet = No século
19, a arrecadação de impostos ainda não tinha sido criada
At the end of 19th century, the question was how to tax commerce via the
telegraph.
Está correto, compare a opção com o segmento textual a cima e veja como
os dois expressam a mesma coisa. Portanto, opção errada.
tax income.
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GABARITO: A
a) an irrelevant worry
b) disregarded by governments
c) avoidable in the long-term
d) a future tax exemption
e) a cause of present concern
tax income.
GABARITO: E
Translation
“In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes” Benjamin
Franklin, 1789
“Neste mundo nada é certo, salvo a morte e os impostos” Benjamin
Franklin, 1789
At the end of 19th century, the question was how to tax commerce via the
telegraph. At the end of the 20th century, the question is how to tax
commerce via the Internet.
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Read the text below, which is entitled “Specter of Rising Inflation Sends
Shares to New Lows for 2005”, in order to answer questions 21 to 23.
Fears of rising inflation sent stocks to new lows for the year yesterday
after the government reported a sharp increase in consumer prices that all
but guaranteed that the Federal Reserve would continue to push interest
rates higher even as the economy may be slowing. Last week investors
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Comentários:
21- Investors in the USA are reacting negatively to
Fears of rising inflation sent stocks to new lows for the year yesterday after
the government reported a sharp increase in consumer prices that all but
guaranteed that the Federal Reserve would continue to push
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Fears of rising inflation sent stocks to new lows for the year yesterday
after the government reported a sharp increase in consumer prices that
all but guaranteed that the Federal Reserve would continue to push interest
rates higher even as the economy may be slowing.
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A alternativa não é coerente, pois esse alto nível de nervosismo que o texto
fala, já existe por causa do que está acontecendo em Wall Street, não tem
nada a ver dizer que os investidores estão reagindo negativamente aos
seus próprios estados de nervos. Errada.
Last week investors were worried about the effect of slower economic
growth on corporate earnings. The addition of inflation fears to the
mix put nerves on Wall Street even more on edge.
Compare o que diz a alternativa com o texto e veja que os termos usados
transmitem a mesma ideia. Esta é a opção correta.
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GABARITO: D
22- According to the text, last month the consumer price index
22- According to the text, last month the consumer price index
22 - De acordo com o texto, no mês passado, o índice de preços ao
consumidor
A 0.6 percent increase in the Consumer Price Index last month was the
largest in five months, the government reported. The 0.4 percent jump in
the core rate, which excludes food and energy, was twice the forecast
from analysts and the biggest monthly increase in nearly four years.
quatro anos.
A 0.6 percent increase in the Consumer Price Index last month was the
largest in five months, the government reported.
Um aumento de 0,6 por cento no Índice de Preços ao Consumidor no
mês passado foi o maior em cinco meses, informou o governo.
O aumento não foi de apenas quase um ponto percentual, e sim de 0,6 por
cento, portanto a opção está errada.
O texto não diz isso, não há nenhuma menção referente ao índice de preços
ao consumidor dar garantia de títulos do Banco Central, errada.
Opção E: startled the core rate into a severe jump = fez a taxa de núcleo
dar um grande salto.
GABARITO: A
23- In the last paragraph, the rising cost of consumer goods is attributed
to
23- In the last paragraph, the rising cost of consumer goods is attributed
to
23 – No ultimo parágrafo, o aumento de custos de bens de consumo é
atribuído
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As previsões não são negativas, pois falam que a inflação deve moderar
nos próximos meses, além disso o último parágrafo deixa bem claro que, o
aumento dos preços de consumo ocorreu devido ao aumento internacional
GABARITO: C
Translation
Fears of rising inflation sent stocks to new lows for the year yesterday after
the government reported a sharp increase in consumer prices that all but
guaranteed that the Federal Reserve would continue to push interest rates
higher even as the economy may be slowing.
desacelerando.
Last week investors were worried about the effect of slower economic
growth on corporate earnings. The addition of inflation fears to the mix put
nerves on Wall Street even more on edge.
A 0.6 percent increase in the Consumer Price Index last month was the
largest in five months, the government reported. The 0.4 percent jump in
the core rate, which excludes food and energy, was twice the forecast from
analysts and the biggest monthly increase in nearly four years.
Chief among the restraints was the threat of large fines if member
governments breached the limit for three years in a row. For some time
now, no one has seriously believed those restraints would hold. In the early
hours of Tuesday November 25th, the euro’s fiscal straitjacket finally came
apart at the seams. The pact’s fate was sealed over an extended dinner
meeting of the euro area’s 12 finance ministers. They chewed over the
sorry fiscal record of the euro’s two largest members, France and Germany.
Both governments ran deficits of more than 3% of GDP last year and will
do so again this year.
Both expect to breach the limit for the third time in 2004. Earlier this year,
the European Commission, which policies the pact, agreed to give both
countries an extra year, until 2005, to bring their deficits back into line. But
it also instructed them to revisit their budget plans for 2004 and make extra
cuts. France was asked to cut its underlying, cyclically adjusted deficit by a
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Comentários:
21- According to the text, the euro pact
Nunca uma camisa de força pareceu tão mal ajustada ou tão insegura.
A área do euro "pacto de estabilidade e crescimento" deveria parar os
Estados membros irresponsáveis
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Opção B: has been devised by France and Germany = foi elaborado pela
França e pela Alemanha.
They chewed over the sorry fiscal record of the euro’s two largest members,
France and Germany.
Eles discutiram sobre o triste registro fiscal do euro dos dois maiores
membros, França e Alemanha.
Nunca uma camisa de força pareceu tão mal ajustada ou tão insegura. A
área do euro "pacto de estabilidade e crescimento" deveria parar os
Estados membros irresponsáveis de operarem com défices
orçamentários excessivos, definidos como 3% do PIB ou mais.
Observe os antônimos:
Growth = crescimento, desenvolvimento
Déficit = escassez, falta
Chief among the restraints was the threat of large fines if member
governments breached the limit for three years in a row. For some time
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Nunca uma camisa de força pareceu tão mal ajustada ou tão insegura. A
área do euro "pacto de estabilidade e crescimento" deveria parar os Estados
membros irresponsáveis de operarem com défices orçamentários
excessivos, definidos como 3% do PIB ou mais.
GABARITO: E
Booster Vocabulary
budget – orçamento, plano de breach – violar, romper
limite monetário
ill-fitting – desajustado, outlast – sobreviver, durar
desapropriado mais tempo
running – operando, replace – substituir, repor
funcionando
22- In “if member states breached the limit” (paragraph 1), “breached”
could best be replaced by
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a) reduced
b) exceeded
c) extended
d) compassed
e) outlasted
22- In “if member states breached the limit” (paragraph 1), “breached”
could best be replaced by
Chief among the restraints was the threat of large fines if member
governments breached the limit for three years in a row.
Esta não tem nada a ver, o verbo não é sinônimo de breach e deixaria o
texto confuso e sem clareza. Opção errada.
GABARITO: B
Opção A: countries which have failed to follow fiscal rules = países os quais
não têm conseguido seguir as regras fiscais.
They chewed over the sorry fiscal record of the euro’s two largest
members, France and Germany. Both governments ran deficits of more
than 3% of GDP last year and will do so again this year.
Observe no seguimento acima que o texto diz exatamente isso. Quando diz
que o registro fiscal foi triste e que eles tiveram défices de mais de 3% do
PIB, isto significa que eles falharam em seguir as regras fiscais. A opção é
certa pois concorda com o texto usando outras palavras.
They chewed over the sorry fiscal record of the euro’s two largest
members, France and Germany.
Eles discutiram sobre o triste registro fiscal do euro dos dois maiores
membros, França e Alemanha. 05949764803
Earlier this year, the European Commission, which policies the pact, agreed
to give both countries an extra year, until 2005, to bring their deficits back
into line. But it also instructed them to revisit their budget plans for 2004
and make extra cuts. France was asked to cut its underlying, cyclically
adjusted deficit by a full 1% of GDP, Germany by 0.8%. Both resisted.
Earlier this year, the European Commission, which policies the pact, agreed
to give both countries an extra year, until 2005, to bring their deficits
back into line.
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A opção expressa o oposto do texto. Enquanto a opção diz que eles são
notáveis, dignos de elogios quanto ao seu balanço fiscal, o texto menciona
em várias partes, dentre elas a que destaquei no segmento acima, que a
Alemanha e França ambos precisavam pôr os seus déficies dentro do limite
expresso pelo pacto do euro. Opção errada.
GABARITO: A
Booster Vocabulary
chew – mastigar, argumentar agree – concordar, aceitar
fail – falhar, fracassar remarkable – notável,
extraordinário
rule – regra, norma lead – liderar, guiar
24- According to the author, Tuesday November 25th is the day on which
the euro pact
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24- According to the author, Tuesday November 25th is the day on which
the euro pact
Chief among the restraints was the threat of large fines if member
governments breached the limit for three years in a row. For some time
now, no one has seriously believed those restraints would hold. In the early
hours of Tuesday November 25th, the euro’s fiscal straitjacket
finally came apart at the seams.
The pact’s fate was sealed over an extended dinner meeting of the euro
area’s 12 finance ministers.
Quando o texto fala que o destino do pacto foi selado, ele refere-se ao
modo como a Comissão Europeia resolveu o assunto dos países que não
estavam respeitando as regras. O texto não expressa nada que nos leve a
crer que naquela data o pacto foi cumprido, assinado, legitimado ou
respeitado. Muito pelo contrário, como vimos na explicação da opção C ele
foi provado ser ineficaz.
GABARITO: C
Translation
Nunca uma camisa de força pareceu tão mal ajustada ou tão insegura. A
área do euro "pacto de estabilidade e crescimento" deveria impedir os
Chief among the restraints was the threat of large fines if member
governments breached the limit for three years in a row. For some time
now, no one has seriously believed those restraints would hold. In the early
hours of Tuesday November 25th, the euro’s fiscal straitjacket finally came
apart at the seams.
The pact’s fate was sealed over an extended dinner meeting of the euro
area’s 12 finance ministers. They chewed over the sorry fiscal record of the
euro’s two largest members, France and Germany. Both governments ran
deficits of more than 3% of GDP last year and will do so again this year.
Both expect to breach the limit for the third time in 2004.
Earlier this year, the European Commission, which policies the pact, agreed
to give both countries an extra year, until 2005, to bring their deficits back
into line.
But it also instructed them to revisit their budget plans for 2004 and make
extra cuts. France was asked to cut its underlying, cyclically adjusted deficit
by a full 1% of GDP, Germany by 0.8%. Both resisted.
Mas, isso também os instruiu a rever os seus planos orçamentais para 2004
e fazer reduções adicionais. A França foi convidada a reduzir o seu défice
subjacente, ciclicamente ajustado por um total de 1% do PIB, a Alemanha
por 0,8%. Ambos resistiram.
A modest proposal
Source: www.economist.com
Comentários:
24- According to the text, the European Union budget
Enquanto a opção diz que o orçamento ainda pode vir a totalizar 1%, o
texto diz que ele já é pouco mais de 1%. Portanto, opção errada.
Opção B: has surely had a major economic influence = com certeza teve
uma grande influência econômica.
What on earth is the European Union budget for? It is too small (taking up
just over 1% of EU-wide GDP) to have any serious effect.
Fonte: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/GDP
What on earth is the European Union budget for? It is too small (taking up
just over 1% of EU-wide GDP) to have any serious effect.
Opção D: was accurately defined six years ago = foi definido com precisão,
há seis anos.
Observe no segmento do texto acima que este é um assunto que está sendo
resolvido no momento, na semana em que o texto foi escrito, e não há seis
anos como diz o enunciado. Portanto, opção errada.
Booster Vocabulary
agreement acordo, contrato
look into analisar, examinar
sake vantagem, propósito
summit cúpula, reunião de líderes
wrangling disputa, briga
become mostly an opportunity for countries to air their pet grievances and
to demand their money back. If there is a deal on the budget this week,
it will be an agreement reached for its own sake, because EU leaders
cannot bear to be blamed for yet another summit failure.
GABARITO: E
25- In paragraph 1, the author refers to “the wrangling before this week’s
EU summit”, which denotes an atmosphere which is
25- In paragraph 1, the author refers to “the wrangling before this week’s
EU summit”, which denotes an atmosphere which is
25 – No parágrafo 1, o autor se refere a "disputa antes da cúpula da UE
desta semana ", a que denota uma atmosfera a qual é
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Já que o autor usou um adjetivo que indica discórdia, não se pode dizer
que a atmosfera é agradável e conciliadora. Opção correta.
financeiro.
Antonyms:
respectful – educado, humilde, cortês, obediente, civilizado e de boas
maneiras, mostrar consideração
wrangling = disputa, briga
Observe que o adjetivo respectful não combina com o clima que é gerado
na reunião de cúpula da UE. Portanto, errada.
GABARITO: B
Exemplo:
Since you are sleepy, you ought to stay at home.
Já que você está sonolento, você deveria ficar em casa.
Yet if there was ever a good moment to think hard about how the budget
might be better designed to advance the Union’s stated aims, it ought to
be now.
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O texto não expressa nenhuma afirmação que nos levem a concluir que
esta opção seja a correta. Portanto, errada.
Opção D: two specific countries have voted against its priorities = dois
países específicos votaram contra as suas prioridades.
Yet if there was ever a good moment to think hard about how the budget
might be better designed to advance the Union’s stated aims, it ought to
be now.
GABARITO: E
What on earth is the European Union budget for? It is too small (taking up
just over 1% of EU-wide GDP) to have any serious effect.
And if there is no deal, it will similarly be a disagreement for its own sake
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– because France rather likes the idea of putting Britain, which holds the
rotating EU presidency, in the dock for one more financial fiasco.
E se não houver acordo, que vai igualmente ser um desacordo por si próprio
- porque a França e não gosta da ideia de colocar a Grã-Bretanha, que
ocupa a Presidência rotativa da UE, no banco dos réus por mais um fiasco
financeiro.
That ought to create enough time to step back a bit and consider some first
principles. The present negotiation is also the first since French and Dutch
voters rejected the EU constitution this summer, creating another good
opportunity to ask whether the club is still spending its money on the right
things. What would a budget look like if it took the EU’s goals at all
seriously?
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Read the text below which is entitled “Congress Caps Another Disappointing
Year” in order to answer questions 27 to 30.
Source: www.aaas.org
On December 30, nearly three months into the fiscal year, President
Bush signed the last two Fiscal Year 2006 appropriations bills into law,
bringing the FY 2006 appropriation process to a close. The American
Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) estimates that the
federal Research & Development (R&D) portfolio totals $134.8 billion in
2006, a $2.2 billion or 1.7 percent increase. But 97 percent of the increase
goes to just two specific areas: defense weapons development and human
space exploration technologies.
Funding for all other federal R&D programs collectively will barely
increase, and will fall nearly 2 percent after adjusting for inflation. Leaving
out large federal investments in development, congressional appropriations
for basic and applied research total $57.0 billion, an increase of $1.0 billion
or 1.8 percent over 2005. But NASA applied research on human space flight
technologies accounts for a majority of the increase, leaving most agency
research portfolios with modest increases falling short of inflation, or cuts.
Many flagship federal science agencies have disappointing budgets in 2006.
Comentários:
27- According to the author, the area of defense weapons Development
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Opção A: has not seen an increase in its budget = não tem visto um
aumento no seu orçamento.
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But 97 percent of the increase goes to just two specific areas: defense
weapons development and human space development exploration
technologies.
Mas 97 por cento do aumento vai para apenas duas áreas específicas:
desenvolvimento de armas de defesa e tecnologias de exploração do
desenvolvimento do espaço humano.
Booster Vocabulary
broaden expandir, ampliar
budget orçamento
comprise compreender, englobar
halve mear, dividir à metade
increase aumentar, crescer
But 97 percent of the increase goes to just two specific areas: defense
weapons development and human
05949764803 space development exploration
technologies.
Mas 97 por cento do aumento vai para apenas duas áreas específicas:
desenvolvimento de armas de defesa e tecnologias de exploração do
desenvolvimento do espaço humano.
Opção E: has had its budget halved in 2006 = teve seu orçamento reduzido
pela metade em 2006.
But 97 percent of the increase goes to just two specific areas: defense
weapons development and human space development exploration
technologies.
Mas 97 por cento do aumento vai para apenas duas áreas específicas:
desenvolvimento de armas de defesa e tecnologias de exploração do
desenvolvimento do espaço humano.
GABARITO: D
28- The author points out that “Funding for all other federal R&D programs
collectively will barely increase”, which means it will
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a) significantly go up.
b) hardly rise.
c) surely grow.
d) undoubtedly fall.
e) sharply drop.
28- The author points out that “Funding for all other federal R&D programs
collectively will barely increase”, which means it will
O autor não quer dizer que o financiamento para as outras áreas terá um
aumento significativo, mas que ele aumentará pouco, será insignificante.
Portanto, a opção vai de encontro ao que o texto diz.
Desta feita são opostos os verbos increase (texto) e fall e drop (enunciados)
e por isso a opção está errada.
GABARITO: B
29- The increases given to most agency research portfolios are said to have
been
a) rather small.
b) comparatively high.
c) well-defined.
d) quite fair.
e) relatively big.
29- The increases given to most agency research portfolios are said to have
been
29 – Os aumentos dados à maioria dos investimentos de pesquisa de
agência são ditos que têm sido
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Funding for all other federal R&D programs collectively will barely
increase, and will fall nearly 2 percent after adjusting for inflation.
Observe os dois segmentos acima e veja como a opção está de acordo com
o texto ao afirmar que o aumento é muito pequeno. Realmente, em
comparação com as outras duas áreas cujo aumento é de 97%, é claro que
1,7% é muito pouco. Opção correta.
Funding for all other federal R&D programs collectively will barely
increase, and will fall nearly 2 percent after adjusting for inflation.
conjunto vai mal aumentar, e cair quase 2 por cento após o ajuste para
a inflação.
Observe que as duas opções que são sinônimos entre si, são antônimos da
mensagem textual, portanto errada.
Funding for all other federal R&D programs collectively will barely
increase, and will fall nearly 2 percent after adjusting for inflation.
a inflação.
GABARITO: A
Booster Vocabulary
um propósito específico.
Fonte: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/appropriation
On December 30, nearly three months into the fiscal year, President Bush
signed the last two Fiscal Year 2006 appropriations bills into law, bringing
the FY 2006 appropriation process to a close.
http://useconomy.about.com/od/fiscalpolicydefinitions/g/Fiscal_Year.htm
On December 30, nearly three months into the fiscal year, President Bush
signed the last two Fiscal Year 2006 appropriations bills into law, bringing
the FY 2006 appropriation process to a close.
GABARITO: D
On December 30, nearly three months into the fiscal year, President Bush
signed the last two Fiscal Year 2006 appropriations bills into law, bringing
the FY 2006 appropriation process to a close.
But 97 percent of the increase goes to just two specific areas: defense
weapons development and human space development exploration
technologies. 05949764803
Mas 97 por cento do aumento vai para apenas duas áreas específicas:
desenvolvimento de armas de defesa e tecnologias de exploração do
desenvolvimento do espaço humano.
Funding for all other federal R&D programs collectively will barely increase,
and will fall nearly 2 percent after adjusting for inflation.
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Most refugees prefer work to handouts. But with the economy expected
to shrink by 3% this year, jobs are increasingly hard to find. “Everything
here is wonderful—except for jobs,” says Mobkaf Altawil, a Syrian architect
who fled to Brazil a year ago with his wife, who is a lawyer. He bakes
pizzas for a living; many others aren’t so lucky. Until the economy returns
to growth, Brazil is unlikely to become a popular destination—no matter
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Vocabulário Tradução
agreement acordo
border fronteira
for a living como meio de vida
Translation
fondness for hugs—of strangers. Nearly all 204m of them are descendants
of immigrants or of African slaves. Nativist sentiment is practically non-
existent; foreigners easily blend into Brazil’s multi-hued society. “Brazil is
a land of welcome,” President Dilma Rousseff wrote recently in an article
on the global migration crisis.
Ele ainda se estende a refugiados sírios, cujo vôo para a Europa causou
uma crise lá. Em 05 de outubro o governo do Brasil assinou um acordo com
o Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados fortalecendo
de um regime de dois anos, recentemente prorrogado por mais dois anos,
para acelerar os seus pedidos de visto.
These are filed in countries that border Syria. Brazil has issued visas to
8,000 Syrians so far and granted asylum to 2,100. That puts it ahead of
Italy and Spain (though these are smaller countries). Brazil’s tiny Muslim
population of 35,000 is about to grow. In all, 18,000 asylum-seekers are
awaiting decisions.
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Estes são arquivados em países que fazem fronteira com a Síria. O Brasil
emitiu vistos para 8.000 sírios até agora e concedeu asilo a 2.100. Isso o
coloca à frente da Itália e da Espanha (embora estes sejam países
menores). A pequena população muçulmana do Brasil de 35.000 está
prestes a crescer. Ao todo, 18.000 requerentes de asilo estão aguardando
decisões.
Most refugees prefer work to handouts. But with the economy expected to
shrink by 3% this year, jobs are increasingly hard to find. “Everything here
11 - Vocabulários:
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Vocabulário Tradução
about to be está para ser, quase sendo,
próximo
adviser consultor, conselheiro,
orientador
apply requerer, pedir, solicitar
assent consentimento, aprovar
boost impulsionar, encorajar
bound comprometido
Vocabulário Sinônimo
about to be almost
adviser counselor
apply submit request
assent agreement
boost push up, support
bound legally obligated
budget monetary plan
charge accuse, ask for money
duty obligation
fine financial penalty
gatekeeper guardian
Gross domestic product GDP
hike increase, go up
jump rise suddenly
launch introduce
leave out omit, exclude
look into analise
nadir lowest point
rate fee
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How long can the run on the dollar continue? Last year’s dollar slump, with
its attendant rise in commodity prices, ended when the market put paid to
it. This time governments are attempting to slow it down.
Perhaps as a result, there was a day’s pause in the trade that has seen the
dollar hit 14-month lows while oil, denominated in dollars, briefly hit $80 a
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Brazil’s imposition of a 2 per cent tax on capital inflows, to both stocks and
bonds, showed strong intent. This move brought the real, which has risen
54.5 per cent against the dollar since its nadir, down by 3.8 per cent. The
Bovespa stock index, which has tripled since its low, fell 7.5 per cent in
dollar terms at one point.
25- The title of the article suggests that the Brazilian government
28- The writer claims that Canada and Brazil both appeared to show
Texto 2: “In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes”
Benjamin Franklin, 1789 05949764803
At the end of 19th century, the question was how to tax commerce via
the telegraph. At the end of the 20th century, the question is how to tax
commerce via the Internet.
It’s not an idle question. Recent estimates suggest that business-to-
business ecommerce will reach $1.3 trillion by the year 2003. Needless to
say, governments are concerned to make sure the anonymity and
boundary-less nature of the Internet doesn’t lead to a reduction in their tax
income.
56- The introductory quotation by Benjamin Franklin points out that death
and taxes
59- Which of the statements below does not reflect the content of the text?
a) an irrelevant worry
b) disregarded by governments
c) avoidable in the long-term
d) a future tax exemption
Fears of rising inflation sent stocks to new lows for the year yesterday
after the government reported a sharp increase in consumer prices that all
but guaranteed that the Federal Reserve would continue to push interest
rates higher even as the economy may be slowing. Last week investors
were worried about the effect of slower economic growth on corporate
earnings. The addition of inflation fears to the mix put nerves on Wall Street
even more on edge.
A 0.6 percent increase in the Consumer Price Index last month was the
largest in five months, the government reported. The 0.4 percent jump in
the core rate, which excludes food and energy, was twice the forecast from
analysts and the biggest monthly increase in nearly four years.
While some economists predicted that inflation should moderate in
coming months, higher energy costs due to the international petroleum
price hike have pushed consumer prices steadily higher so that they have
been running at an annual rate of 3 percent or more for several months.
22- According to the text, last month the consumer price index
23- In the last paragraph, the rising cost of consumer goods is attributed
to
Chief among the restraints was the threat of large fines if member
governments breached the limit for three years in a row. For some time
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now, no one has seriously believed those restraints would hold. In the early
hours of Tuesday November 25th, the euro’s fiscal straitjacket finally came
apart at the seams. The pact’s fate was sealed over an extended dinner
meeting of the euro area’s 12 finance ministers. They chewed over the
sorry fiscal record of the euro’s two largest members, France and Germany.
Both governments ran deficits of more than 3% of GDP last year and will
do so again this year.
22- In “if member states breached the limit” (paragraph 1), “breached”
could best be replaced by
a) reduced
b) exceeded
c) extended
d) compassed
e) outlasted 05949764803
25- In paragraph 1, the author refers to “the wrangling before this week’s
EU summit”, which denotes an atmosphere which is
On December 30, nearly three months into the fiscal year, President
Bush signed the last two Fiscal Year 2006 appropriations bills into law,
bringing the FY 2006 appropriation process to a close. The American
Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) estimates that the
federal Research & Development (R&D) portfolio totals $134.8 billion in
2006, a $2.2 billion or 1.7 percent increase. But 97 percent of the increase
28- The author points out that “Funding for all other federal R&D programs
collectively will barely increase”, which means it will
b) hardly rise.
c) surely grow.
d) undoubtedly fall.
e) sharply drop.
29- The increases given to most agency research portfolios are said to have
been
a) rather small.
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Ena Smith
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