rack survey 2-2-2-3; pipe rack
wind force comparisons 3-1-3-5;
pressure vessel survey 2-7-2-8;
vertical vessel wind force compar-
isons 3-1 3-3-15
Design wind force: case study 4-13-
4-16; equation, example 5-1;
equation, explained 1-1; frame
load equation 4-5-4-6; main
force resisting systems equation 4-
1; variances in practice 2-1. See
also Winds
E tions 4-5-4-6; force coefficients
Effective solid area (As) 4-1 2
Equations: area of application of force
(Ae) 4-12; design wind force, F
(1 .1) 1-1, 4-1, 5-1; effective solid
area (As) 4-12; for frame loads,
Fs (4.1 a) 4-5-4-6; framing ratio,
Cf (4.2) 4-7; main wind force
resisting system 4-4-4-5; shield-
ing factor, (4.4) 4-15; solidity
ratio, (4.3) 4-11
Equipment: considerations 4-14, 4-
15; force coefficient example 5-
11-5-12 , 5-16
Exposure categories, velocity pressure
1-2, 5-1
Exposure coefficients: changes in 3-1;
determining 5-1
F 7-2-8; determine force coeffi-
Flexible structures: gust effect factors
4-1, 5-2; load analysis of 5-25;
recommendations on 2-4, 2-6;
wind load comparisons 3-13-3-
15. See also Pressure vessels
Floors, solid areas 4-11-4-12
Force coefficients: along wind force
calculations 5-10-5-14, 5-17;
1-2
components and cladding 4-5-4-
6; consideration 1:2; crosswind
force calculations 5-14-5-17;
defined 4-2; for frame sets 4-7- L
4-11; frame sets and secondary lc
axis 4-21-4-22, 4-26-4-27;
load combination example 4-29;
maximum 4-7; open frame prac- lc
tices 2-5; pipe rack practices 2-
2-2-3; pipes and cable trays 4-
3; pressure vessel practices 2·7- N
2-8 N
Frame loads: design wind force equa-
for frame sets 4-7-4-11; framing N
ratio 4-7;' solid area 4-11-4-12
Frame space ratio: calculation 5-10- N
5-11; crosswind force calculation
5- 15; equation 4·7
Cl
G C
Gross (envelope) area 4-7, 5-10
Gust effect factors: changes in ASCE
7-95 3-1-3-2; defined 4-1;
determining 5-2; determining for
open frame structures 5-9; values
of 4-1
Gust response fadors 1-2
H
Horizontal vessels: design comparisons
3-17-3-18; design practices 2-
cients 4-18-4-20; longitudinal
winds 5-27-5-29; transverse
winds 5-26-5-27. See also
Pressure vessels p
P
I
Importance factors: changes in ASCE
7-95 3-1; consideration 1-2; cur·