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INTRODUCTION
In 1993, SEL introduced the SEL-321 Phase and Ground Distance Relay, and it has been widely
used to provide pilot protection on transmission lines ever since. Now, over 20 years later, many of
these relays are still in service and in good working order. However, as utilities upgrade their
systems, the SEL-321 is being replaced by relays that include additional functionality. It is not
uncommon for these upgraded relays to be installed on a tie in which each end of the line is owned
by a different utility. Occasionally, one utility upgrades its terminal as part of a new standard
relaying package, while the other chooses to keep its existing protection. Even though the
terminals have dissimilar relays, losing pilot protection is not acceptable.
This application guide details how to program the SEL-321 and SEL-311 Series Relays in order to
maintain pilot protection by using either a Permissive Overreaching Transfer Trip (POTT) or
Directional Comparison Blocking (DCB) scheme. This application guide can be applied to the
SEL-311C Transmission Protection System, the SEL-311L Line Current Differential Protection
and Automation System, and the SEL-311M Line Current Differential Protection and Automation
System. For the examples in this guide, we use the SEL-311C to represent all SEL-311 Series
Relays. We assume the reader has a basic understanding of pilot protection, so this application
guide does not go into detail on the schemes. For an in-depth discussion of POTT and DCB
schemes, refer to [1] and [2].
NOTE: POTT and DCB schemes are not available on the SEL-311A Phase and Ground Distance Relay, the
SEL-311B Distance Relay With Recloser, or the SEL-311C Advanced Distance Relay With Recloser.
SAMPLE SYSTEM
Figure 1 shows a typical two-terminal system. Relay 1 is an SEL-311C that has recently been
upgraded, and Relay 2 is an existing SEL-321. The two relays communicate through a fiber-optic
connection to implement POTT and DCB schemes.
RELAY 1 RELAY 2
PORT 2 (EIA-232) PORT 2 (EIA-232)
OPTICAL FIBER
TX RX
RX TX
PORT SETUP
To ensure that the relays can properly communicate with each other, set up a serial port on each
relay for MIRRORED BITS® communications. For direct fiber communication, use fiber-optic
transceivers to convert serial to fiber (e.g., the SEL-2800 Fiber-Optic Transceiver or SEL-2812
Fiber-Optic Transceiver With IRIG-B). The SEL-311C supports two separate MIRRORED BITS
channels (Channels A and B), while the SEL-321 supports one channel. The SEL-321 channel is
compatible with either of the SEL-311C channels. Table 1 and Table 2 provide example setting
values for Port 2 on the SEL-321 and SEL-311C, respectively. The port setup is identical for both
POTT and DCB schemes.
Table 1 SEL-321 Port 2 Settings
When you have set up the ports on both relays and connected the communications cable, verify the
status of the channel. Do this by targeting the ROK Relay Word bit in the SEL-321 (TAR 20 com-
mand) and the ROKA Relay Word bit in the SEL-311C (TAR ROKA command). These bits, when
asserted, indicate that the MIRRORED BITS communications channel is operational and ready to
transmit and receive data. Figure 2 and Figure 3 display the expected responses to the commands.
=>>TAR 20
RBAD CBAD LBOK ROK * * * TOP
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
=>>TAR ROKA
LBOKB CBADB RBADB ROKB LBOKA CBADA RBADA ROKA
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
RELAY ELEMENTS
Pilot schemes use forward-looking overreaching elements and reverse-looking elements. To set
this up, you can use distance elements, directional overcurrent elements, or both. Table 3 lists the
most commonly used relay elements for pilot schemes.
Table 3 Common Pilot Scheme Relay Elements
POTT OVERVIEW
A POTT scheme is a communications scheme in which an asserted overreaching element at the
local terminal must receive permission to trip from the remote terminal. When a forward-looking
overreaching zone (Zone 2) asserts, it can only provide accelerated tripping if it receives
permission from the remote end. Zone 2 sends the permissive signal to the remote terminal, and a
reverse-looking zone (Zone 3) blocks sending the permission.
For example, as Figure 4 shows, if a fault occurs at point F1, the overreaching Zone 2 element at
Relay 1 asserts, while the reverse-looking Zone 3 element remains deasserted. This causes the
output AND 1 (shown in Figure 5) to assert, sending a permissive trip signal (Key) to Relay 2 and
causing the top input into AND 2 to be true. At the same time, Zone 2 at Relay 2 also asserts, while
the Zone 3 element remains deasserted. This causes the output of AND 4 to assert, sending a Key
to Relay 1 and causing the top input to AND 3 to be true. When each relay receives a Key from the
remote end, both outputs (AND 2 and AND 3) assert, which causes the relays to trip with no
intentional delay.
As another example, consider a fault at F2 (shown in Figure 4). In this scenario, the Zone 2 at
Relay 1 asserts and Zone 3 deasserts. Again, AND 1 asserts, which causes a Key to transmit and
the top input to AND 2 to assert. At this point, Relay 1 must receive a Key from Relay 2 to trip. At
Relay 2, the Zone 2 element remains deasserted, while the Zone 3 element asserts. As a result,
AND 4 is not true and a Key is not sent to Relay 1, which does not allow a high-speed trip. At
Relay 2, even though the bottom input of AND 3 has received a Key, the top input into AND 3
remains deasserted and does not allow a high-speed trip.
NOTE: The preceding section provides an overview of POTT schemes. For more in-depth information, refer to [1].
F1 F2
RELAY 1 RELAY 2
OPTICAL FIBER
TX RX
RX TX
ZONE 3 ZONE 2
ZONE 2 ZONE 3
KEY KEY
XMTR XMTR
ZONE 2 ZONE 2
AND 1 AND 4
ZONE 3 AND 2 TRIP TRIP AND 3 ZONE 3
KEY KEY
RCVR RCVR
RELAY 1 RELAY 2
POTT SETUP
In order to set up a POTT scheme in the SEL-321 and SEL-311C, you must enable the logic in
both relays. The settings in both the relays are mostly similar, with some differences. Table 4 and
Table 5 provide a summary of how to set up the POTT logic in the SEL-321 and SEL-311C,
respectively.
Table 4 SEL-321 POTT Settings
POTT LOGIC
When you have enabled each relay for a POTT scheme, you must program the elements that
qualify a communications-assisted trip. To program the logic, consider the following:
➤ In the SEL-321, the equation for the communications-assisted trip conditions is MTCS;
in the SEL-311C the equation is TRCOMM. SEL recommends setting both of these
equations by using the same elements so that each terminal responds similarly to fault
conditions.
➤ Each relay must be able to transmit a permissive trip signal. In the SEL-321, send the
permissive trip signal via TMB1; in the SEL-321, send it via TMB1A. Set each of these
elements to KEY.
➤ The relays must be programmed to map the KEY from the remote end into the POTT
logic. Do this by mapping the permissive trip to the received Mirrored Bit. In the
SEL-321, program RMB1 to PT; in the SEL-311C, program PT1 to RMB1A.
➤ A tripping output must be assigned to trip each relay's respective circuit breaker. In the
SEL-321, set OUT1 to 3PT; in the SEL-311C, set OUT101 to TRIP.
➤ You should wire a breaker contact status to each relay. In the SEL-321, wire a 52A
contact to IN1; in the SEL-311C, wire a 52A to IN101. This improves the three-pole
open logic.
Table 6 SEL-321 POTT Logic Settings
KEY KEY
(TMB1A) (TMB1)
TRCOMM MTCS
TRIP 3PT
PT1 PT
(RMB1A) (RMB1)
ZONE 3 ZONE 3
3PO SEL-311C SEL-321 3PO
52TC 52TC
(–) (–)
DCB OVERVIEW
A DCB scheme is a communications scheme in which an asserted overreaching element at the
local terminal must receive a blocking signal from the remote terminal to not trip. When a forward-
overreaching zone (Zone 2) at the local terminal asserts, it trips at high speed, unless it receives a
blocking signal from the remote end. A reverse-looking zone (Zone 3) at the remote terminal sends
the blocking signal.
As Figure 4 shows, if a fault occurs at point F1, the overreaching Zone 2 element at Relay 1
asserts, and Zone 3 remains deasserted. Because Zone 3 is deasserted, Relay 1 does not send a
block signal to Relay 2. The assertion of Zone 2 starts TIMER 1 (see Figure 8). If Zone 2 is
asserted for longer than the programed timer delay (CTD) in TIMER 1, then the top input into
AND 1 becomes true. If the top input in AND 1 is true and Relay 1 has not received a block from
the remote end, then Relay 1 will issue a trip. At Relay 2, Zone 2 asserts and Zone 3 remains
deasserted. Because Zone 3 remains deasserted, Relay 2 does not send a block signal to Relay 1,
and Zone 2 starts TIMER 2. If Zone 2 is asserted for longer than the programed timer delay (CTD)
in TIMER 2, the top input into AND 2 becomes true. If the top input in AND 2 is true and Relay 2
has not received a block from the remote end, then Relay 2 issues a trip. In this scenario, both
relays identify the fault in their respective Zone 2 and do not receive a block signal from the
remote end, which allows both relays to trip their respective breakers and clear the line at high
speed.
As another example, consider a fault at point F2 (see Figure 4). In this scenario, Zone 2 at Relay 1
asserts, and Zone 3 remains deasserted. Again, Relay 1 does not send a block signal to Relay 2,
and Zone 2 starts TIMER 1. At Relay 2, Zone 2 deasserts; Zone 3 asserts, and assertion of Zone 3
sends a block to Relay 1. This causes the AND 1 to not allow a high-speed trip. At Relay 2, even
though Relay 1 does not send a block signal, Zone 2 remaining deasserted causes AND 2 to not
allow a high-speed trip.
NOTE: The preceding section provides an overview of DCB schemes. For more in-depth information, refer to [2].
ZONE 3 ZONE 3
BLOCK XMTR BLOCK XMTR
TIMER 1 TIMER 2
CTD CTD
ZONE 2 ZONE 2
AND 1 TRIP TRIP AND 2
BLOCK BLOCK
RCVR RCVR
RELAY 1 RELAY 2
DCB SETUP
To set up a DCB scheme in the SEL-321 and SEL-311C, you must enable the logic in both relays.
The settings in both the relays are mostly similar, with some differences. Table 8 and Table 9
provide a summary of how to set up the DCB logic in the SEL-321 and SEL-311C, respectively.
Note that these settings only apply to directional starting; this application guide does not discuss or
include nondirectional starting.
NOTE: When determining the coordination time delay (CTD), you must evaluate the operating time of the
tripping elements. You must consider both the SIR and distance from the relay. For both the SEL-321 and
SEL-311C you can find this information in their respective instruction manuals. You must delay the CTD at
the faster relay to coordinate with the slower relay's blocking elements. You should add all of this to the
communications channel delay, plus some additional margin. The CTD must be greater than the
communications channel delay.
There is an inherent two-cycle delay in the SEL-321 from the time Zone 3 picks up and the
blocking (START) bit asserts. However, there is no time delay in the SEL-311C; it sends the block
instantaneously when Zone 3 picks up. To ensure proper coordination between these relays, the
SEL-321 should send an instantaneous block when Zone 3 picks up or when the START bit
asserts. In this situation, the Zone 2 coordination time delays can be set the same on both the
relays. Z3XPU is present only in the SEL-311C and behaves as a guard against current reversal.
All other time delays are dropout times, so SEL recommends setting these to a similar value in
both the relays.
DCB LOGIC
When you have enabled each relay for a DCB scheme, you must program the elements that qualify
a communications-assisted trip. To program the logic, consider the following:
➤ In the SEL-321, the equation for the communications-assisted trip conditions is MTCS;
in the SEL-311C, it is TRCOMM. SEL recommends setting both equations by using the
same elements so each terminal responds similarly to fault conditions.
➤ Note the polarization choices for the directional element in the SEL-321.The
SEL-321-0, -1, SEL-321-2, and SEL-321-3, -4 only have negative-sequence voltage
polarization; the SEL-321-5 has both negative- and zero-sequence voltage polarization;
the SEL-311C allows you to choose a combination of negative-sequence voltage, zero-
sequence voltage, or zero-sequence current polarization. To prevent miscoordination,
set the SEL-311C to use negative- and zero-sequence voltage polarization when used
with an SEL-321-5 (ORDER = QV). When used with any other SEL-321, set the
SEL-311C to use only the negative-sequence voltage polarization (ORDER = Q).
➤ Each relay must be able to transmit a block signal. In the SEL-321, send the block
signal via TMB1; in the SEL-311C, send it via TMB1A.
➤ The relays must be programmed to map the BLOCK from the remote end into the DCB
logic. Do this by mapping the BLOCK to the received Mirrored Bit. In the SEL-321,
program RMB1 to BT; in the SEL-311C, program BT to RMB1A.
➤ A tripping output must be assigned to trip each relay’s respective circuit breaker. In the
SEL-321, set OUT1 to 3PT; in the SEL-311C, set OUT101 to TRIP.
➤ You should wire a breaker contact status to each relay. In the SEL-321, wire a 52A contact
to IN1; in the SEL-311C, wire a 52A to IN101. This improves the three-pole open logic.
Table 10 SEL-321 DCB Logic Settings
TRCOMM MTCS
TRIP 3PT
BT (RMB1A) BT (RMB1)
ZONE 3 ZONE 3
DSTRT (TMB1A) START (TMB1)
SEL-311C SEL-321
52TC 52TC
(–) (–)
CONCLUSION
This application guide discusses the settings and configuration requirements to connect two
dissimilar relays, in this case, the SEL-321 and SEL-311 Series Relays, for implementing POTT
and DCB schemes. SEL does not recommend connecting dissimilar relays for pilot protection, but
if there is a need to do so, be aware of the capabilities of both relays. Some important factors to
consider are the following:
➤ If possible, match the directional and protective element sensitivities at both line ends.
Use the same protective elements at each line end whenever possible, and set reverse-
reaching elements at a greater sensitivity than remote overreaching elements.
➤ Verify that the directional elements and pickup settings at each line terminal have
sufficient operating quantities to detect both internal and external faults.
REFERENCES
[1] A. Guzman, J. Roberts, and K. Zimmerman, “Applying the SEL-321 Relay to Permissive
Overreaching Transfer Trip (POTT) Schemes,” SEL Application Guide (AG95-29), 2014.
Available: selinc.com.
[2] J. Roberts, “Applying the SEL-321 Relay to Directional Comparison Blocking (DCB)
Schemes,” SEL Application Guide (AG93-06), 1993. Available: selinc.com.
[3] K. Behrendt and K. Fodero, “Implementing MIRRORED BITS Technology Over Various
Communications Media” SEL Application Guide (AG2001-12), 2007. Available: selinc.com.
[4] R. McDaniel, “Applying the SEL-421 Relay to Permissive Overreaching Transfer Trip
Schemes,” SEL Application Guide (AG2010-01), 2010. Available: selinc.com.
FACTORY ASSISTANCE
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please contact us at:
Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
2350 NE Hopkins Court
Pullman, WA 99163-5603 U.S.A.
Tel: +1.509.338.3838
Fax: +1.509.332.7990
selinc.com
info@selinc.com