The Morphological Dimension This chapter Ioewes cn urban design's mompolegct Aiension — Bes cctigantion of ba or and spice ond thespatial pater of asters that sopor it Ther oe sScaaly wo tjpes of en space system ove fhe ildnge detve oye: the her uhere beldings ot ‘jst n-sace (Bon), The forme pialy coms of balling a consi pts of arn Mock, with en ‘hocks detains an ectoing extemal urban space ~ as ‘teria, we eer otc as ona tn spe. The later typically consists of feearing bling nla ape sings — re eer to hs Mire bun space, ‘Dring the second al of the (went cory. the morphologic sactte of the pane space Retwors ‘hanged i wo highly sigtiaat waye + From buikings cmbukla in erban beck define sets and aires tbuliings as seprte festandlng “abjeceuinge sting nan amc "space «+ From ineronnesod, sacle, ely meshed sect i to lrgercae oud tors sarees supe blocks with scmnunas ad Bs within Se Pape To ei 1A), ‘This chapter isin Four main parts The mompolascal transformations ae dacwsed in te second pst The tint fd four pars cach cuts pecs he contempt tention, Fit, homeves, cision of whan erpogy URBAN MORPHOLOGY Usher momphology — the ty of change inthe pial fn an shape setlernents ore tne — fess on patie ah processes ef pow in change. Mowe {498 ientiges tee dst shoo taht smoepelogy; but conelaes th kh sts the volumetis chanscersies of but Ssrctrs nih tsrlated ape pacestdin ait landaape type Ett inthe and and its sabSvisions oo constnent ‘Semeat of pe mig lad he Hak betwee bulls + Each comes tke built ndscape ype as 2 morpho ttc unit because its tine HS ine — he ine ts Producten, use and matin Meephoogits sod setlements cou be broken dow fw sove hey clement. Conzen (1960), for exami, Aisinguisiod the sweet aduta) pattem, the plot ern, buldinysuuctres and and ases ses below He ko enlonied the difernee in. Habit of these lemons: Buildings an in particle lan uses they fSccormodate ae the leet rset elements Athos fmare enduring, the plot puere changes over tie a Indidual plo are sbdivded or amalgameled. The fect pla tend fo be the most endering cloment. te Subiity is variously 4 consequcve of being 4 opal act of osierhip seueies and. In pial. of dh fice ip ozanisirg ant implerentinglarge-scake thangs, Such changes do happen, however though the estucton cased by wc on ater astra the ‘etieth cniry sxough ropes ef cone redevelop Diteerce in sts a black pater, lt ptr, the srangomert of bes wit pets andthe shapes Duling cree very ice eavirmerts ~dedierent fuer are commonly refered 1 a "uae tate” (C= fegia & Maflel 1979, 198). Usaly tating the form of Sgurepond stiles (ce Chopter Ty tive stds emonstate the profoundly dierent tomtoleseal ters churactrking for example.» nedval Ht ‘Geegin Levon, orn Arete pide pen —coch of which an be compared ith a Mexkrast landscape (Fie the dane). An inalablerenars ee tse sy fs Senkins Zo Sele 2008), wick consis 1D apres of lle ftom arvind the weld demu to fhe tate cle Jenkins 208) arguesthat only by cerapaing ts ean we ‘stablsha sense of sate nhen designing or when cnng toteme ih me sizeofa seo panics preset. He funter ‘epics th thon precelent helps esti = comtenton betwen the post andthe fr ning do sown tothe who, The notion of hse refers to row than jst tc) form an is ster undead a» (dynam) vem, AS Parca tel OOK 158) expen emecont, ke ta of erected bprten re hese ohare hi fe oberon de by cette the snipe o id nd apie pes ef manrmatons BOX. 1ypen af Uta pace Those Faure gimnd dings show Mert pater of tiny pce In the plan fr Tees Gop), bag aro ereatclerets geet, hy comected Morphological Elements Reming 10 Conze's oar rsa morpatogica elon, iv is posive to see bow mombologcal suacurs ore ‘ompined oneal ayer (Land wes Compared to buildings. pot divions and the set pater, ad wss ar chive lemporay. Changes t> Find wes inclde bo new ses Comte it and etn ‘ses ning Ho oi res Taco es ae fa Troegh redeelopmen, to aew Beings, le sak Geeteeas © ietdliee rds Hoes el ‘anges he sea pam. By conta placed nd tex gevenly e-lecte to balling in oder areas ir tec om e a we PART [1 The Dimensions of Uthan Design san bl, which dts Ses and squares and Salis nly terbed eet pa Dulingy ae evil owe ted a lar Big ale bug oily exept and analy ve sone cv aa ‘nce Ge aigean rower pb bugs The set Soa imgpavianvbecs dg 3 ave gerd lupe ef npc ate» coaly ests ond Pe talange aes itn 9 apres, the cel of hich ae elt age perhaps of the sus tne sah The epeblece ae Wpily read ty mejor ion coring a ola Wat, he ta of eee ee ne eae tak on gonad sts Ee prea rein eeeremeepaeoe inal pty thr snl ce speek 5 tee dimominal for ete uly ncoreg pac lirycs wat cn be cerssred be el yee they sree nape aye or cad Uikire soteeepes Fam ‘hoe A al pels ‘subultingeinapace sine De — Type 0) Tee ae rely ‘ev intra srt Seper Macks ede ling detngardencesrgsoice ype Te ldo oecsinspce Tec TweD Otter conditions ao sho posite. Tose re itor cennpromsed verse ha il te ype Bo. ae eine eee ee ee eae tng ae ct sl eck se pte al Bl Fagin sabe declged vibra Bek patorstg te hy cnc od cea Kn (i), Mating structures Tore hac often een 4 reeogniable cycle of ‘uiding devoleprnent on each plot n Engl, tis vee has bova deneribod aod explened in sme (the transformation of buteage pits, which ‘tered ut 38 long arrow fs lid oa perpen 14) (oe Figwe 42). Altoueh Conzen’s work fewsed on Eaiinh weiieval woes, Lover (1988) \oveibessinvlar processes im eghteenth entry fin nineteenth Contry Paris “The epee bas also been shown i aietcenthcentiry india towns Sind Wemleth contury suburbs (ez Whithead With no indigencas taco of burgage ples, many ons ~cpeily those in New Weld wiaaiedae ane PVOSS ee ie s dete Butaing Coverage oe nha ol s a 2 Soe om ruts itech pe psa poems ae ope! wom pt boundary ot hea, Pos may also fe pa recta the fo with service alles ate of larger buildings, sever pls muy be a pt sacs ecb Lage In exe cine contraction of shopping cons ‘eal reat ~ not jetplotst whale ura boeken 8 Wish cane of sail deiion. poesia incre be amulganatd,the pulic scot beivecn the te fr ete rages ee Cuiper 8) nd 8 the sevice ck Beng psa and Bult oe ey Fare ose ny ef af 200 161. Less ARRough pk and Plck raigarction of vs ate ron af "bnoug’ plots with rome cach end! removes most of the evidence of etic pets and ‘oan sie, Tugs. fa many ies — especial pe ef of those pts ave ing ‘a sol, and plot boundries may change. Large plots than plot pastors may be subdivided, withthe (oe pro selling cr lessng the her Akratively, Gi) Coane cree pattern to provide & larger dovlopnent ste and onabls The cada pte i the lapet of whan Hoch and bie spac/movement channels betwen tone Hacks Te mblradtobe he mecry frat on rit Meh (1986 compress acrce of cmirition ents, ther lings ill a space meter (Plow), ates of tet ‘Shy of San Fuacic's Alamo Squueneighbeurod, nly tendo surveil to adap to new ws che ppsdoxermany Fund us forexrapl, det the colton feck, ot ardbuil- _cniemporry demands of existing wsen — 4 guaity ning and voles in th proces. The snl pla of ings puters, As ph coraers expel age onto sown as bane (ce Chace 9), Bulkings wat tse ca, there, be see an seis of ironing ress ry pi velop bern with enlae over Une wil es sexed diferent hed ‘reign edions roe ith rents fatwanl-Gcingpoinser ‘Nock dvlopn with ues or diferente of ws ring tir hte, tnd “uot” pets fom dileest eas eve. ln Sobwagicn orichncemenil devclepnen steding Thovare building fr campo may asealy boas isin Roma set pternis in th ea te ck, somal single ethene hon sade of the cys cena exe Somme tlilngs ~ churches. cathedrals and puis ests. Chigre 45). 9 Rome the Pars Nao fom des tategs— reason, inl fiom devloprnet On the ste of an ancient Reman su, In the twerath csi om ros hve oe {rial dy ren ets ugh the suet pues of elder ares, ant cenameitcn, and ay become ercvily_oe-pl ital or hs igre #9. Tes mayo HEURES) Crud Papx- Cran aepave mers nee accen, openly ving geen ownecpecio es wake tesniagil to wscenssynoclly representing ths “hack-back” plo each having a fetage vtissboinac avian pstinzomsep: THC tery polimpist is wsed to desribe such ‘iy, With the exception of major buidings and inthe a iin srest Or croton vote and 2 shred cr = proces of laespe chang, where caren toe ie gener invest, — both (i) Mot pattern iin Weir sige, censstion Catal ns (nbun bh) ate ically suidCChapier | 4 The Morholgiat Diverson excr-mit, bu do mot completely ees the mats Fore Tna ats odierent sees peas ‘rable enuienion an exploration of shaeges the ban pte [vit lay aid yt aes a ptt fe pemneatty ~ the exe to which 2 ‘cniroament aim popleachoice fron tug end ‘within iy geural tems tia escre f the oppor nity fo movers a ttl fet of the yen) (Gee Cpe 3. A rebi qaaly ~ acesBabty ~ Is ts scievecinpracice, esi emesis the ably 1 sth ones Brough a eine, ‘wile physical pense tf To he abil move UME 44g ew Tom Ti 4 gi ee tee sano ese Jie Cg ne ee Nw Toe ‘epoman ne seen ae et foe ne Te my wet ee) ‘Sates ertke bear lyse Be te ee say adh sone otter ree ‘Site af tales ts one hrc an erin there maybe sisal pomns> sity butt ysl pemetiiy a vice-versa). Cede pte composed ren smal ed sere ick re comsiered to hate afin aban gai, ‘ile patie with ower larger blake fe arse abt gaia ARRugh wn leks cn ty t= fly mez, snares sith smaller blocks offen a gti choice of rote an goerly eres emer fermesble eoionment than ote wih Inger blacks (Cogure 4d), Slee Daksa Inorense wha poopie auroras of fs ce fom oe ncn tothe ea in al dieton, ‘tye ant 1) Tesco Se wg Rn Ons te. 5 MIM te SER * Seen = Sy + Enteereniewot TSS Ser ieee eon + Tr a a + vo Regular and Deformed Grids A tase cstietion in cada patecns can be made betwee tear rie” rds chatatesed by seometic regula onan or defonned” gid characte by Sppeen regulary. The ces of psa cies tnd ane “deermed gs (Figure 7), Hevag developad ingtemenly, Jefermed srk ae often dette as ‘nz’ ~ heir aya having Dee gener aural) ~ nat leag, bavi he appearance having ben genet awry — rer than beng conta) man made, Goncally ted on pees movemeet ad story Inoenced by toprapk. they wee itera prs of the Immediate tea. rather than thoughts, ad cro and dvekpad ough we, Regola and ideal gids ae typically planed ~ 06 at Jes, were planned a Sone pt and have ae degree Df goomete disciple. Mt gs Hae ad oe losin he poo aftr they were frst ai ou and ave thus developed orzanealy. Due tothe ese of lasing cut steets he tos hse planed layouts have goa rectiinea at many seement with rel regular grid exit. Many Berean cites have thir fou (hin Grek cr Roma pated stems, fe Europe, ‘regular aril pes le frequently Been oveaid on ot tied alonsie mace oegsne pares eg. Cen in Bat elma Edinburgh New Town) Many New Word cis — jn USA, Aust, mach of Sou Ameria —has ezua, ‘oahogoab gids in thc eas, “The gree we 0 ay oo es the USA hecame iret cts 9 f2t0ur of ile, of straight stress and estnglr books by wich re, elasely plain eats of lard could easly be divided ino marupeable pos and sold of (Reps 1968). Noting tha ew American Ges ed the gro se more han an egiie expedion", Moms (1994 347) ropa Seva on inypomaa exception at suggests the aban midest's geamety mish ave besa "ks ‘monotony debasing” unde is nleace (gre 88) ‘er ba coy te te Sis he tng hn Stn es a Sep mea a aon ra eeCChapier | 4 The Morholgiat Diverson cu een [EA] Lim brs ool Oo pecan nneend Cool Neel pean g0eeng (Goof Weald Si pe hha ee Scme planned see paterns ive an import sonable fncion wit ceria meanings wer co ds Seer pins, Tetoeal Chinese Sapial cts, for ‘cpample, mere pnd ss pret squares. wth wel ity tc, thec on each side, eresnine the wee naive fhe year Roman aew wes hal Io fleeting man steets repecening the slat aki and the Tie of dhe uioe, Suc ages are naa ligios rane, I Washington DC, for exam tc Fvans of the Whate ose andthe Cail sete the separa of exe five and litte power "Wtile dsferned gas oily have a plcureigns storacer «5 teu ofthe changing spa encksate, vepilar sts have been ciifehed fr thelr sappored smonoin.Sie (1889: 8), fr example, conch ‘Monntin’sunceloning thoroughness, he thee wets so excepions tthe eid ride hal ees rect ‘permendisdenty ob tht each ane nas reg i both yherymki (1095: 44S}, owover coments that spprcaly mchatival rh do ot nee ck psi races with nore pieuresuseemenscecining Whee. for cumple gids met te eta Irscacing ofthe gid by vines sid dona veto be homogcacoes en catiely epabi, “Tae 181 pane ictown Manat aloud sa lak sNenueserlngtuiigs ater long ck sets for ale ow ease, wl open squares ei. Washingt Square), wider avenves (eg. Park Avenue) end the meander of Bead) ined diereniaion an ness Dern he lite rneeenth cetyl exty docs of the twenth sentry. the doinance of einer pales proved vosion in toe for of cdntinocts exec Auyoats, where wide, shallow plots Gn sont to deep, surow pls) seve an inpresien of sacbunnes. Car liner nyous dere! fan English plese desley of the eat etsnih centr, sacha Jon Nash's 1823 sign for Pak Vlog, nae Rognts Prk. Ansthor cary ‘arnple was Olnsil and Vauts 1868p for Rivers fer Chicago, Later exer were by Una al Phe [New Earaich (1808), Lettvoth Carden Ciy(1909) apical Garden Sabu (1908). While te canes onan vows anda visu inkrest to newly developing elahtotrde and sibs. they so raced Mee ercaiy dacarmgng on-set Hem ering ‘Most of he ein canlineer poten developed lon Ah lt inion centr thr ote 1920s 930 See ratios gi A peinemeat dace Un td Pacer at New Each) tat bocome increasingly ermmonplce daring the Tas 1950s involved cles, ‘hich ue to ren the nebo of carne kyu ‘ile miipatng the mncessel dang oferta chor tre. Ax dcised ter mths sper, desc 0 fons Sung hs at of he public pace meter: or than a gt te steer pater tectre &hiarhial a ‘The Public Space Network ‘The cadastral pater esis the ma element ofthe pie space avon andi also key element i the trader concept ofthe capital wb Gee below). A wala providing acest to and displaying the “pubic fxs" of rate propery, the pubic space network Fistes en Sccommoinis the overaping realms ef "mewemert secs and ccihopace’ space lor pone w engagein ‘ius foonsofewharge — economic secalendeattrl) (see Chapter Pesan mente sip wit th aio of sts as soil ce, aed hres any elaonhip teencon peexian meverient aad ceonomis ssa! and calluraletchange and anactes, By contr carised movement pte eietaon, with pate ea also fate fating an essay privite como! over peblic space. Opponasiten for mas foris of socal inaction we fencanze only ccc nee theca hs Ben puke. Over fe. Nehicubar) movemene space as orertelmed so i ‘Wen the principal odes of traaspor: wer by fet or tose, the tains of tnovemett and sical space ht ceriderabe oxen. With the developer He des fland.tved travel the realmebecane mote sepa an Increasingly corparaenaed ine yhicla mesemert syace and pelealan roveracatatal pace (igure 4). [Asante pune space was colon theca the sects cial aspects were nappened in fava of ‘movement and eiulation — wba’ "ets hes bacon ‘os’ Consisieg only movemet sacs, adeno and seporne aces. cenaining sal spe and mevemert Spc, waltabie Sree coneet bullags al aces ners epuce. Provision forthe eat th eqoenthy Fg ments the cky, with movement Between agri econ a purely movement expense (ize 410) “he pote. of ubun bloAS and he pubic space network, pls the hae interact and ay er ively pemarat clement fan arn are, costae the shove ground element of Dav Cine ‘tal web For ‘sans (88833), he cpt wets decapmens el the tes of tr ae ad he ay he cm moe th aceon fone He Wel ream htt In designing oF working within the eptal web, whan Aesgnes weed to be aware of pterns of tabi within ‘charge thas 0 diferente cements at er do sat ‘Shstge oe change over longer pened afte (wine, i fam, may give a mess of cosecy of ehreter an dent, eom these Unt change over shoe pss ef time (se Chagre)- Bachan 198832) argued tha itis ‘he movement network ether withthe services bur beneath it and moneocs and ci buildings win tnd ace wit~ pstheinaesthese stastred the ind hae the wate pease prt te ity. Win ‘is more pertinent rework. il bangs. nk “The capital yc andthe public spice notwork can be seen asa geveraive famework of suture. an ths Insrmettl ie aserninng paters of development ant ‘bn, Many designers refer this sa armatee', cag a genre o eeework — a in the Framer PART [1 The Dimensions of Uthan Design Hater oat vad by seulpirv mippor a igure beg modelled in 1 plastic mail As Calthorpe (2005: 4-4) observes “The acre of reo ce el bei et on mei nk tt hag he anes Mans Iendrete opertsk or he ely ele of feria Col Ste The scare of craton fundamental omar of oman orm Fo cane be he essrton Scalar iene ot Nar soabie gd eae i end rr or von of na ar be As the ibis armature oflen coniats of wovemen ‘tunnel both fr circulation and disubstion, tramp Tnfasucuye can be a pewerfal genera of now rpaction and argeably co of esrhaintion. Sites wah dee accent 4, Gr conection: to, movemont hanes and intehanges are piped (and this more likely w be sveloed) ove hese wih es acess oF tight be importnt new Boulevards or «new transit oul, ba onal, night saply be acy reeds tat