fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04 

   fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

fmg%,a weo .ekqug tu ˙la;h fuys Ndú;d lr we;' fuys olajd

we;af;a o, ie,iqula neúka fuu whsâ, fõ. m˙m:hg fhdod
.kakd thdr® fcÜ wd†h we;=,;a lr ke;' wm fuu m˙m:h
ksr®udKd;aul f,iska wjfndaO lr.;a kuq;a Ndú;fha we;s
moaO;sj, th jvd;a ixlSr®K lr we;' thg fya;=j fuu m˙m:h
04 jk m˙Éf√oh fh°fï° we;s jQ fodaI /ilg ,nd≥ka ms<shï ksidfjks' tu wx.
iïmQr®K m˙m:hla my;ska olajd we;s w;r tu.ska fuu fodaI
iy tajdg fh¥ ms<shï fjka fjkaj f.k wjfndaO lr .ksuq'
ldìhqfr®gr jd;h
fuu igyfkka olajd
whsâ, thdr® fcÜ
we;a f ;a Ndú;fha we;s
whsâ, fõ. m˙m:h ldìhqfr®grhl whsâ, fõ.
whsâ, fcÜ
m˙m:h ksr®udKh lr we;s
tka‚ul whsâ, fõ.h hkqfjka woyia lrkafka wdldrhhs' fuys whsâ,
fõ.h i|yd ,ndfok fmg%,a
welai,fr®grh uqod ye˙ miq tka‚fï mj;sk fõ.hhs' fuh
ñkSsugo fjku fcÜ tlla
idudkHfhka ú'jg 700 isg 800 olajd muK jq fõ.hla úh hq;=h'
fhdod we;s w;r tu fcÜ
Odjkfha° r:fha fõ.h wvq ls¯u i|yd welai,fr®grfhka mh
is≥rg miqj thdr® fcÜ
bj;a l, úg tka‚u k;r fkdù tys° mj;sk tka‚ka Ndrh whsâ, tllao iúlr we;' thdr®
f.khdug iq≥iqu fõ.h f,i fuh ie,fla' ;jo tf,i tka‚u ialDD
fcÜ tl iú ls¯fuka n,d
mk.kajd ksoyiaj mj;sk úg bkaOk jehùu wju lr .ekqug whsâ, fõ. m˙m:h fmdfrd;a;= jkafka bka,Ü
fukau uekqj,a .shr iys; r:hl kï .shr udre ls¯ug fuu ueksf*da,aâ jeä ˙la;fha° fmg%,a jeä jYfhka weo .ekSu md,kh
wvq fõ.h mej;sh hq;=h' lr ñY%Kh jvd;a ireùu je<elaùuhs'
ldíhqfr®grhlg
fjkap˙
Q h iys; fïka fcÜ whsâ, fõ.h i|yd imhk fmg%,a k, udr®.h fÉïnrfhka
thdr® fcÜ m˙m:hla ;sìh°;a whsâ, by<g f.k kej; my<g f.k we;af;a tfia fkdjqk fyd;a tka‚u
fõ. m˙m:hla fjku k;rl, wjia:dj, ta yryd fÉïnrfha fmg%,a .,dhdu is≥úh
iú ls¯ug fya;=j muKla yels neúks' ;jo thg thdr® fcÜ tlla iú l, yelafla fuf,i
fïka fcÜ
kej;;a fuys olajd we;' fuu k, udr®.h fmg%,a uÜgfuka by<g .; fyd;a mu◊' fuf,i
m˙m:h
tkï tka ‚ ka whs â , thdr® fcÜ tlla fh°ug fya;=j ñY%Kh jvd;a ireùu je<elaùu
whsâ, fõ. fõ.fha° fjkap˙ Q h yryd jqjo tu.ska fmg%,a l=vd wxY= j,g lvd .ekquo is≥fjhs'
m˙m:h by; wdldrhg fuu moaO;sfha o< ie,iqfuka fldgila
.,k jd; Odrdj wvqùu;a
iuÛ tys ˙la;ho ke;sj myiqfjka wjfndaO lr.; yels jqj;a fuys fmg%,a ú†k fkdi,h
hdu ksid fïka fcÜ f;%dg,a jE,ajh wi, iúlr we;s wdldrh ms<sn|j ixlSr®K .egΩ
m˙m:fhka fmg%,a weo lsysmhlau we;sfjhs' ukao ta i|yd újr folla fhdod f.k we;s
.ekqu k;r ù we;' w;r bka tlla f;%dg,a fodrg my<ska iy wfkl by<ska iúlr
f;%dg,a fodr tfy;a fuys° bka,Ü ;sîuhs' fuys újr msysgd we;s wdldrh ;=,ska wmg fuys we;sfjk
welai,fr®gr® mev,h ueksf*da,avh ;=, ;o fodaI /ila iy fuu ie,iqfuka tajd u. ye¯ we;s wdldrh;a
whsâ, fõ. m˙m: ie,iqu ˙la;hla we;s w;r wjYH wjfndaO lr.; yelsh'

ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk

 fudagr® r: oekqu-04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
■ ldìhqfr®gr® whsâ, fmdar®Ü ksr®udKh
iaf,da fmdar®Ü
whsâ, fmdar®Ü
(A) (B)
ldìhqfr®gr whsâ, fmdar®Ü folla fhdod we;s whqre
ldìhqfr®grhl whsâ, fõ.h i|yd fmg%,a ,ndfok
újr tkï fmdar®Ü fol msysgd we;s wdldrh;a th ls%hd lrk
wdldrh;a fuys olajd we;' fuu A igyk whqre whsâ,
m˙m:fhka újr folla yryd tka‚ug fmg%,a ,nd°u is≥fjhs'
welai,fr®gr mev,h ksoyia l, miq tkï whsâ, wjia:dfõ°
fuu újr tlla f;%dg,a jE,ajhg my<skao wfkla újrh f;%dg,a
jE,ajhg by<skao msysghs' fuf,i bka,Ü ueksf*da,avhg újD;
újrh whsâ, fmdar®Ü (Idler port) hkqfjkao thg by<ska msysá
újrh iaf,da fmdar®Ü (Slow port) hkqfjkao ye¢kafjhs'
tka‚ka whsâ, wjia:dfõ° A igyk whqre bka,Ü
ueksf*da,avhg újD;j we;s my< újrfhka tka‚ug fmg%,a weo
.ekqu is≥fjhs' fuys újr folla fh°ug tla fya;=jla by; B
igyfkka fmkajd ;sfnhs' tkï f;%dg,a jE,ajh hdï;ñka újD;jk
úg tka‚ug weo.kakd jd; m%udKh jeäjk w;ru bka,Ü
ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h wvqù my< bka,Ü újrfhka weo .kakd fmg%,a
m%udKh wvqù hhs' tfy;a fuys° tka‚ug weo.kakd jd; m%udKh
jeäù we;s fyhska tys° is≥úh hq;af;a ,ndfok fmg%,a m%udKh
jeä ls¯uhs' ta wkqj B igyk whqre újr folu bka,Ü
ueksf*da,avhg újD; ùfuka ,ndfok fmg%,a m%udKh jeä flfrhs'
by;ska úia;r lrk ,oafoa ldìhqfr®grhl whsâ, fõ.
m˙m:hg fmg%,a ,nd°ug fmdar®Ü folla fh°ug fya;=j f,i
fndfyda fmd;a m;aj, i|ykajk lreKls' iEu mdGud,djlu fuh
b.ekafjkafka;a fï wdldrhguh' tfy;a ;r®ldKql+, f,i is;d
ne,Sfï° fuu újr fol fh°u ms<sn|j .egΩ lsysmhla u;=fõ'
tajd ksrdlrKh lr .ekqug uq,skau wms bka,Ü ueksf*da,avhl
˙la;h we;sfjk wdldrh fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr.; hq;=h'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
■ bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h fjkia jk whqre
ueksf*da,aâ f.a–
f;%dg,a jE,aõ bka,Ü
ueksf*da,â
a
A jeä fõ.h B whsâ, fõ.h C ´jr® rka ùu
fõ.h wkqj bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h fjkia ùu
by; igyka fm< u.ska tka‚ul ;;a;aj ;=kla hgf;a
bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h we;sfjk wdldrh olajd ;sfnhs' fuys°
˙la;hla we;sfjkafka pQIK myr ;=, bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh ;=,
jd;h weo .ekSu is≥jk w;ru f;%dg,a jE,ajh u.ska bka,Ü
ueksf*da,aâ lg jid ;eîu ksidfjks' ta wkqj fuu we;sfjk
˙la;fha m%n,;djh lreKq folla u; fjkia fjhs' bka tlla
tka‚ka fõ.hhs' tys° hï ld,hla ;=, we;sfjk pQIK myr .Kk
jeäùu u; ˙la;h jeäfjhs' fojk lreK f;%dg,a fodr jeiS we;s
m%udKhhs' f;%dg,a fodr jefik m%udKh jeäjk úg jd;h
we;=,aùu wmyiq ls¯u ;=,ska tys° ˙la;h jeäfjhs' fï wkqj by;
A igyfkka olajd we;af;a tka‚fï jeä fõ.hls' f;%dg,a fodr
jvd;a újD;ùu ksid fuys° tka‚ka fõ.h jeä ù pQIK myr
.Kk jeä jqk;a tys° f;%dg,a fodr újD;j jeä jd; m%udKhla
bka,Ü ueksf*da,avhg we;=,a ls¯u ksid bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h
jeä fkdfjhs' tkï tys jd; mSvkh by< w.hla .kS'
by; B igyfka olajd we;af;a tka‚ka wvq fõ.h tkï
whsâ, fõ.h jqj;a tys° we;sj we;s ˙la;h fnfyúka jeäù mj;S'
fuhg fya;=j tka‚ka fõ.h wvq jqj;a fuys° f;%dg,a jE,ajh jeiS
we;s ksid jd;h we;=,a ùug bv fkd°fuka bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ
˙la;h jeä ùuhs' fï wkqj by; C igyfkka olajd we;af;a
tka‚ul jeäu ˙la;hla we;sjk tka‚ul ´jr®rka wjia:djhs'
tka‚ul ´jr®rka ùu hkq frdao u.ska tka‚u lrljk wjia:djhs'
r:h m,a,ul .uka lrk úg iy fõ.fhka Odjkh lr
welai,fr®grh uqody˙k wjia:dj fï i|yd ksoiqkafõ' fuys°
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

tka‚ka fõ.h jeä ksid we;sfjk pQIK myr .Kk jeäùu ksid;a igyk whqre whsâ, m˙m:h iaf,da fmdar®Ü tl yryd wjg jd;hg
tys° f;%dg,a jE,ajh jeiS ;sîu ksid;a tka‚ul fuu wjia:dfõ° újD; jqjfyd;a whsâ, m˙m:fhka fmg%,a weo .ekqu is≥ fkdfjhs'
we;sfjk ˙la;h b;d by< w.hla .kS' whsâ, wjia:dfõ°o fuhg fyd|u ksoiqk fuu igyk
f;%dg,a jE,ajh jeiS we;s kuq;a tys° fu;rï ˙la;hla we;s whqre wms iafg%da tllska isis,a îu
fkdjkafka tys° tka‚ka fõ.h wvq neúks' tlla Wrd fndk úfgl tu iafg%da
■ whsâ, fõ. ñY%K md,kh fuys olajd we;af;a
tfla is≥rla ;snqkfyd;a ìu Wrd.;
fkdyelsjk nj w;aoelSfuka oksuq'
tka‚ul f;%dg,a fodr jeiS is≥r b;d l=vd kï muKla b;d
iaf,da fmdar®Ü we;s whsâ, fõ.h ;=, whsâ, wmyiqfjka jeä wdhdYhla fhdod
fmg% , a m˙m:fhka fmg% , a îu iqΩ m%udKhla weo.; yels jkq
,ndfok wdldrhhs' fuys° we;' fuu ;;ajh hgf;a igyfka
fmg%,a weo .ekSu is≥jkafka ±lafjk whqre m%udKfhka úYd,
isis,a îu
bka , Ü ueks f *da , a v h ;= , is≥rla iaf,da fmdar®Ü tl f,i
whsâ, we;sfjk ˙la;h wkqjh' tkï
fmdar®Ü isis,a îu mdkfha° ˙la;h ;snk q fyd;a bka,Ü ueksf*da,â
a ˙la;h
tu ˙la;h jeäjk úg fmg%,a fhdod .kakd whqre hgf;a whsâ, fmdar®Ü tflka fmg%,a
weo .ekSuo jeä fjhs' fuu fjkqjg we° tkafka iaf,da fmdar®Ü tflka we;=,a jk wjg jd;hhs'
whsâ, fõ.h i|yd fmg%,a
,ndfok whqre ;;a;ajh hgf;a wmg fuys° tfia kï ldìhqfr®grhl m%dfhda.slj fuh idr®:l jkafka flfiao@
tla .egΩjla u;=fjhs' tkï tka‚ul ´jr® rka wjia:dj hkq frdao
u.ska tka‚u lrljk wjia:dj jk w;r tys° is,skavr ;=, ■ iaf,da fmdar®Ü tl ls%hd;aul jk whqre
bkaOk oykhla wjYH fkdfõ' fï ksidu kùk iEu fmg%,a fuu igyfkka olajd
bkafclaIka moaO;shlu fuu ´jr® rka wjia:dfõ° tka‚ug we;af;a f;%dg,a jE,ajhls' th
,ndfok fmg%,a iïmQr®Kfhkau jid oeóug moaO;shla fhdok fjkapQ˙ is,skavrhg iújkafka
w;r th y∫kajkq ,nkafka (Overrun Fuel shut-off) hkqfjks' olajd we;s frdâ tflks' ta
±ka wms kej;;a by; ldìhqfr®gr whsâ, m˙m:h .ek is;d wkqj th újD; ls¯fï° f;%dg,a
ne¨jfyd;a tka‚fï whsâ, fõ.fha° th u.ska kshu wdldrhg fodr fldka follska muKla
fmg%,a ,nd ≥kak;a tka‚ka ´jr®rka wjia:dj, fuh u.ska úYd, újD; fjhs' ta wkqj whsâ,
fmg%,a m%udKhla weo .kq we;' ukao tys° ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h b;d iaf,da fõ.fha° tkï fuh hdï;ñka
fmdar®Ü újD; jQ úg jd;h .,d hdu
jeä neúks' tfia weo .kakd fmg%,a m%udKhg wjYH jd;h
fkd,eîfuka fuys° ñY%Kh b;d irejk w;r th ±ùug fkdyels is≥jkafka igyfka olajd we;s
ùfuka fmg%,a *a,â ùu is≥ù tka‚u k;rùuo is≥úh yelsh' ;jo whqre f;%dg,a fodfr® fl<jr
fuh úYd, fmg%,a kdia;shlao fõ' tfy;a m%dfhda.slj fuh is≥ iaf,da fmdar®Ü tl wi,ska folls ka muks' fï wkqj whsâ,
fkdjk nj wms fyd¢kau okakd lreKls' tfiakï fuf,i ´jr®rka jd;h .,dhk whqre fõ.fha° tka‚ug weo .kafka
jk wjia:dj, we;sfjk wê ˙la;h hgf;a fmg%,a weo .ekSu iqΩ jd; m%udKhla jqj;a th .,dhdug újD;j we;af;a l=vd újr
iSudjkafka flfiao@ fï wmg we;sfjk tla .egΩjls' folla neúka ta yryd tu iqΩ jd; Odrdj b;d fõ.fhka yudhdu
by; whsâ, m˙m: ie,iqfukau wmg ;j;a .egΩjla is≥fjhs' whsâ, fõ. m˙m:hg wh;a iaf,da fmdar®Ü iy whsâ,
we;sfjhs' tkï by; olajd we;af;a tka‚ka whsâ, fõ.h jk w;r fmdar®Ü fol újD;j we;af;a jd;h .,d hk fuu tla
fuys f;%dg,a fodrg my<ska we;af;a ˙la;hls' tjf.au fuu f;%dg,a fl<jrlgh' tu.ska whsâ, fõ. m˙m:h ls%hdlrk whqre ó<Ûg
fodrg by<ska we;af;a wjg jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkhhs' fï wkqj by; fidhd n,uq'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: oekqu-04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
iaf,da fmdar®Ü
(A) (B)
iaf,da fmdar®Ü tl wi, ˙la;h we;sjk whqre
fuu A igyfka olajd we;af;a ldìhqfr®grhl whsâ,
fõ.fha° iaf,da fmdar®Ü tl wi,ska jd; Odrdj fõ.fhka yudhk
wdldrhhs' B igyfkka olajd we;af;a fuhg fmro wm fhdod .;a
ksoiqkla jk w;r bka fmkajd fokafka fõ.fhka jd; Odrdjla yud
hk úg tu jd; Odrdj ;=, we;sfjk ˙la;fhka øjhla wxY= f,iska
weo.kakd whqrehs' ta wkqj wms kej;;a A igykg fhduq jqjfyd;a
bka fmkS hkafka whsâ, fõ.fha° whsâ, fmdar®Ü tflka bka,Ü
ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h u.ska fmg%,a weo .kakd w;ru tys° f;%dg,a
fodr jeiS ;snqk;a iaf,da fmdar®Ü tflkao fmg%,a hï m%udKhla
ñY%Khg weo .kakd njhs' ;jo whsâ, fõ.fha° f;%dg,a fodfrka
Wv fldgfia mj;skafka wjg jd; mSvkh nj;a fï ksid whsâ,
fmdar®Ü tflka fmg%,a pQIKh lr weo .ekSu is≥úh fkdyels
njg;a wms .egΩjla f.dv k.d .;a kuq;a tys i;H;djhla ke;s
nj fuys° fmkS hhs' ukao whsâ, fõ.fha° f;%dg,a fodfrka by<
we;af;a wjg jd; mSvkh jqj;a fuu iaf,da fmdar®Ü tl wi,ska m%n,
jd; Odrdjla .,dhdu ksid tys ;o ˙la;hla we;sjk neúks' B
igyfkka olajd we;s wdor®Y igyfkka th meye†<s fjhs'
tka‚ul bka,Ü ueksf*da,avh ;=, jeäu ˙la;hla we;s
jkafka tka‚u ´jr®rka jk úg° nj wms jgyd .;suq' tka‚ula
´jr®rka ùu hkq frdao u.ska tka‚u lrljkq ,nk wjia:djla jk
w;r tys° tka‚u ls%hdlrùu i|yd fmg%,a ,nd°ug wjYH
fkdfjhs' tfy;a ´jr®rka jk fuu wjia:dfõ° jeäjk bka,Ü
ueksf*da,aâ ˙la;h u.ska úYd, fmg%,a m%udKhla whsâ, m˙m:h
u.ska weo .ekSug bv we;s w;r th tka‚ka ls%hdld˙;ajhg wdldr
lsysmhlskau fodaI we;s lrk whqre wms wOHhkh lf,uq' tfy;a
tjekakla m%dfhda.slj ldìhqfr®grj, is≥ fkdjk w;r th wmf.a
;j;a tla .egΩjla úh' tu .egΩjo fuys°u wms ksrdlrKh
lr .ksuq'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
■ ldìhqfr®grj, ´jr®rka fmg%,a lmd yefrk whqre
iaf,da
fmdarÜ
®
1
jd;h
2
(A) 1' iaf,da fmdar®Ü (C)
(B)
2' whsâ, fmdar®Ü
´jr® rka ùfï† ñY%Kh nd, lrk whqre
by; A igyfkka olajd we;af;a tka‚fï whsâ,
wjia:djhs' tys° iaf,da fmdar®Ü tl wi,ska .,dhk jd; Odrdj jeä
fyhska fuu fmdar®Ü fol u.skau fmg%,a tka‚ug ,ndfohs' tfy;a
by; B igyfkka olajd we;af;a tka‚u ´jr® rka jk wjia:dj
jk w;r tys° tka‚ug weo .kakd jd; Odrdj b;d wvqfjhs' túg
iaf,da fmdar®Ü tl wi, we;s jQ ˙la;h bj;aj ta fjkqjg tys wjg
jd; mSvkh ls%hd lrhs' fï fya;=fjka iaf,da fmdar®Ü tl u.ska
imhk ,o fmg%,a iemhqu k;rjk w;r ta fjkqjg ta yryd wjg
jd;h we;=,a ùfuka whsâ, fmdar®Ü tflka weo.;a fmg%,a m%udKho
wju ù hhs' ta wkqj ´jr® rka fmg%,a IÜ ´*a moaO;sh fuys°
iajhxlS%hju ls%hd;aul fjhs' C igyfkkao fuh olajd we;'
by; wdldrhg ´jr® rka wjia:dfõ° tka‚ug weo
.kakd jd; m%udKh whsâ, fõ.fha° weo .kakd jd; m%udKhg
jvd wvq jkafka flfiaoehs fuys° .egΩjla we;s úh yelsh' ukao
fuys° f;%dg,a fodr whsâ, msysàfïu mj;sk w;r tka‚ka fõ.h
jeäj we;s fyhska we;sfjk pQIK myr .Kko jeäù tka‚ug
weo .kakd jd; m%udKho jeä úh hq;= neúks' tfy;a fuys°
tka‚ka fõ.h jeäùu;a iuÛ bka,Ü jE,ajh újD;j mj;sk
ld,ho wvqù hdu ksid is,skavrhlg jrlg msfrk jd; m%udKh
b;d wvqù hhs' msiagka .uka fõ.h jeäùuo fuys° mqrjd.kakd
jd; m%udKh wvq ls¯ug fya;= fjhs' fï w;r tka‚ug weo .kakd
jd; m%udKho jeä jQ pQIK myr .Kk w;r fn° hdfï°
is,skavrhlg ,efnk fmg%,a jd; ñY%K m%udKh b;d wvqù hhs'
fuu lreKq ish,a, tla jQ úg tka‚ula ´jr® rka ùfï° ñY%Kh
b;d ≥r®j, ù hk neúka tys° fmg%,a kdia;shla fyda fmg%,a *a,â
ùula is≥ fkdfjhs' fï wkqj EFI moaO;sj, fuka fjku ´jr® rka
fmg%,a IÜ ´*a moaO;s ldìhqfr®gr i|yd fhdod fkd.efkhs'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu -04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr
■ whsâ, IÜ-´*a jE,ajhla fh°u
fudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚ula jvd;a WKqiqï jQ miq b.aksIka
iaúph ksjd oud k;r lrk úg tka‚u k;r fkdù †.gu
ls%hdlrk wjia:d we;sfjhs' tfy;a tka‚ka ksr®udKh wkqj oyk
l=àr yevh" tka‚fï iïmSvk wkqmd;h jeks lreKq hgf;a fuh
iEu tka‚ulu we;sfjk fodaIhlao fkdfõ' tfy;a tu fodaIh
we;sfjk tka‚ka i|yd fuu fodaIh je<elaùug whsâ, IÜ ´*a
jE,ajhla fhdod ;sfnhs' uq,skau wms fuu fodaIh we;sfjk whqre
wjfndaO lrf.k bkamiq thg fhdod we;s ms<shï wOHhkh lruq'
by; wdldrhg b.aksIka fkdue;sj tka‚u ls%hd ls¯u
ksid fuu fodaIh *S% b.aksIka rkska kñka y∫kajk w;r we;eï
ksIamdolhska fuu fodaIh ãi,ska kñkao y∫kajd ;sfnhs' b.aksIka
fkdue;sj tkï ãi,a tka‚ula f,iska ls%hdlrk ksid fuh ãi,ska
(Diesling) kñka ye¢kafjhs' th is≥ jkafka tka‚u WKqiqïj
iamdr®la ma,.a bf,lafg%daâ .skshï ù ;sfnk úg tu .skshï jQ
bf,lafg%dav u.ska ñY%Kh oykh ùfuks'
b.aksIka iaúph ksjd ±ófuka miqjo WKqiqï jQ fmg%,a
tka‚ula fkdkej;S ls%hd;aul ùu je<elaùug we;s tlu u. fuys°
tka‚ug ldìhqfr®grfhka ,ndfok fmg%,a udr®. jid ±óuhs'
f;%dg,a fodr jeiS we;s neúka fuys° fmg%,a ,nd°u is≥ jkafka
whsâ, fõ. m˙m:fhka neúka fuys° jid ±óug hï Wml%uhla
fh†h hq;af;a whsâ, fõ. m˙m:hghs' my; igyfkka th jid
ouk wdldrh olajd we;'
(B)
(A) fmg%,a IÜ ´*a jE,aõ
whsâ, lÜ´*a jE,ajhla iújk whqre
fuu A igyfkka olajd we;af;a b.aksIka iaúph ksjd
oeóu;a iuÛu whsâ, fõ. m˙m:ho ksjd ±óu i|yd
ldìhqfr®grhlg whsâ, IÜ ´*a fid,fkdhsvhla iúlr we;s
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
wdldrhhs' B igyfkka tu ie,iqu olajd we;' fuys° whsâ, fõ.
m˙m:h uOHhfha ú≥,s fid,fkdhsvh iúlr we;s w;r th újD;
jkafka b.aksIka iaúph iïnkaO l, úg mu◊' ta wkqj tka‚u
k;r ls¯fï° fuu fid,fkdhsvhg imhk Odrdjo k;r ùfuka
whsâ, fõ. m˙m:h k;r ù hhs'
jeiS we; újD;j we;
fid,fkdhsâ jE,ajfha ls%hdld˙;ajh
fid,fkdhsâ jE,ajh u.ska whsâ, fõ. moaO;sh ks;ru jid
isák whqre fuys jïmi igyfkka olajd ;sfnhs' b.aksIka iaúph
iïnkaO ls¯u;a iu.u ls%hd;aul jk fid,fkdhsvh fuys ol=Kq
mi igyk whqre tys msiagkh by<g weo .ekSfuka whsâ, fõ.
moaO;sh újD; fõ' fï wkqj tka‚u mk.ekaùug fyda mk.ekajqkq
tka‚u †.gu ls%hd;aulj ;nd .ekqug fuh ndOdjla fkdfõ'
tfy;a tka‚u k;r ls¯u;a iu.u fuu fid,fkdhsâ Odrdjo k;r
ùfuka whsâ, fõ. moaO;sho ta iu.u jeiS hhs' fuu.ska WKqiïq
tka‚ka k;r ls¯fï° *S% b.aksIka fodaIh we;s fkdfjhs'
whsâ, m˙m:ho ldìhqfr®grhl úúO wdldrhg
ksr®udKhj ;sìh yels w;r fmd≥fõ tu ishΩu moaO;s ksr®udKh
wjfndaO lr .ekqug kùk fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®grhl whsâ, fõ.
ie,iqula ksoiqkg .; hq;=fjhs' ta wkqj fuys° ksoiqkg f.k
we;af;a fgdfhdagd r:hl ldìhqfr®grhls' b†˙ msgqfõ tu igykla
olajd we;' fïka fcÜ moaO;sfhau uq,a fldgig fuu whsâ, fõ.
m˙m:h;a iïnkaOj we;s neúka fuu igykg tu m˙m: folu
we;=,;a lr we;' fuu igykg wkqj kùk r:hl whsâ, fõ.
m˙m:h ksr®udKh ù we;s wdldrh ó<Ûg fidhd n,uq' ta weiq˙ka
wfkl=;a ldìhqfr®gr whsâ, fõ. m˙m: ksr®udKo wjfndaO lr
.ekqug yels jkq we;'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk
 fudagr® r: oekqu-04 
 
 fudagr® r: ldìhqfr®®gr

ldìhqfr®gr ksr®udKfha° tys tla ksr®udKhla r: jr®.

thdr® í,Svr®-2 .Kkdjlg i˙,k f,i ksIamdokh flfr®' tys° tka‚ka Od˙;dj
whsâ, IÜ ´*a jE,aõ fjkiajk úg fuu whsâ, m˙m:fhka ,ndfok ñY%Kfha fjkilao
thdr® í,Svr®-1 tka‚ka jr®.h wkqj is≥úh hq;=fjhs' tfldfkduhsir® fcÜ
jd;h a
(Economizer jet) kñka wu;r fcÜ tlla iúlr we;af;a tu
iSreudrej ilia lr.ekqugh' kshñ; w.fhka hq;=j fuu fcÜ
tl iú ls¯u ksIamdolhska úiska is≥ lrk w;r we;eï úg wmg
th msg;ska ±l .ekSu mjd wmyiq fjhs' whsâ, IÜ ´*a
iaf,da *af,dagrh
tfldfkduhsir®
fcÜ
fid,fkdhsâ jE,ajh fuys tfldfkduhsir® fcÜ tl wi,u iúj
fcÜ we;s w;r tys ls%hdld˙;ajh iy wjYH;djh fmr i|yka úh'
iaf,da ■ whsâ, fõ. ñY%Kh iSreudre ls¯u
fmdar®Ü
fmg%,a

f;%dg,a
jE,ajh
ñlair® ialDD fïka fcÜ
ñlair®
whsâ, fmdar®Ü ialDD
ñlair®
kùk ldìhqfr®grhl whsâ, m˙m:h ksr®udKhù we;s whqre ialDD
fuys olajd we;af;a kùk ldìhqfr®grhl whsâ, fõ. (A) (B)
m˙m:h ksr®udKh ù we;s wdldrhhs' fuu ksr®udKfhao whsâ,
whsâ, fõ. ñY%Kh iSreudre ls¯u
fõ. m˙m:h i|yd iDcqju fÉïnrfhka fmg%,a ,nd fkdf.k th
tka‚ula ;=, wx. iïmQr®K oykhla is≥ ùug kshñ;
iïnkaO lr we;af;a fïka fcÜ tl yryd ,efnk fïka fcÜ
fmg%,a jd; ñY%K wkqmd;hla we;s w;r bka whsâ, fõ.h i|yd
m˙m:hgh' tfy;a tu.ska fmg%,a ñkqula fïka fcÜ tflka is≥
wjYH jkafka b;d ire ñY%Khls' idudkHfhka wm ±kg wOHhkh
fkdfõ' ukao whsâ, fõ. m˙m:hg wjYH iqΩ fmg%,a Odrdj fuys
lrñka isák fjkapQ˙ ldìhqfr®gr j, moaO;s lsysmhlska fmg%,a
is≥r ;=,ska lsisu wmyiqjlska f;drj .,dhk neúks' ta wkqj tys
iemhSu is≥ jqj;a tu ñY%K wkqmd;h ieliSug myiqlï ,nd°
we;af;a ksr®udKfha myiqj muKla jk w;r Odjkfha° CI◊lj
we;af;a whsâ, fõ. m˙m:h i|yd mu◊' fuf;la wm wOHhkh
jeä fmg%,a m%udKhla weo .kakd wjia:djla we;s jqjfyd;a muKla
l, iEu whsâ, fõ. m˙m:hlgu th we;=,;a jQ w;r fuu
th iSud ls¯ula fjhs' fuf,i weo .kakd fmg%,a ñkSug iaf,da fcÜ
igyfka th kej;;a olajd we;' me/◊ ldìhqfr®gr j, fuu
kñka fjku l=vd fcÜ tlla we;' wxl 1 thdr® í,Svrh tkï
weKh lrljñka ñY%K wkqmd;h ieliSug myiqlï ,nd ;snqko
thdr® fcÜ tlo fuu iaf,da fcÜ tlgu iúlr fuys° uq,skau
miqld,fha° fuh iSreudre l, fkdyels wdldrhg iïmQr®Kfhkau
m˙m:hg fmg%,a tl;=ùu md,kh lrhs' fuf,i thdr® fcÜ
jid oud uqød flreKq w;r fuu weKh Ndú;d jQfha ldìhqfr®gr
lsysmhlau fuu m˙m:hg tla lr we;af;a ´jr® rka ùu jeks
ksr®udKfha° th kshñ; w.hg iSreudre ls¯u i|yd mu◊' fï
wjia:dj, we;sfjk ;o ˙la;h u.ska fmg%,a weo .ekSu b;d jeä
ms<sn|j jeo.;a lreKq /ila b†˙m;a ls¯ug we;s w;r msgdr
jYfhka is≥úh yels neúka th md,kh ls¯ugh'
úIjdhq md,kh ms<sn|j oekqj;a ls¯fuka miq th úia;r flfrkq
we;'
ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk