(21.12.

2017)

ELEKTROTEKNİK VE GEMİ ELEKTRİĞİ

ÇALIŞMA SORULARI -2

QUESTION_1) Determine whether the ideal diode of Figure 1 is conducting.

Figure 1

SOLUTION_1)

Assumptions: Use the ideal diode model.

Analysis: Assume initially that the ideal diode does not conduct and replace it with an open circuit, as
shown in Figure 2 below. The voltage across R2 can then be computed using the voltage divider rule:

Figure 2

Applying KVL to the right-hand-side mesh (and observing that no current flows in the circuit since the
diode is assumed off), we obtain:

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The result indicates that the diode is reverse-biased, and confirms the initial assumption.Thus, the
diode is not conducting.
As further illustration, let us make the opposite assumption, and assume that the diode conducts. In
this case, we should replace the diode with a short circuit, as shown in Figure 3. The resulting circuit is
solved by nodal analysis, noting that v1 = v2 since the diode is assumed to act as a short circuit.

Figure 3

Since v1 = v2 < VB = 11 V, we must conclude that current is flowing in the reverse direction
(from VB to node v2/v1) through the diode. This observation is inconsistent with the initial
assumption, since if the diode were conducting, we can see current flow only in the forward
direction. Thus, the initial assumption was incorrect, and we must conclude that the diode is not
conducting.

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QUESTION_2) Determine whether the ideal diode of Figure 4 is conducting.

Figure 4

SOLUTION_2)
Assumptions: Use the ideal diode model.

Analysis: Assume initially that the ideal diode does not conduct and replace it with an open circuit, as shown in Figure 8.19.
The current flowing in the resulting series circuit (shown in Figure 5) is:

Figure 5

The result indicates that the diode is strongly reverse-biased, since vD = 0 - v1 = -11.44 V, and confirms the
initial assumption. Thus, the diode is not conducting.

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QUESTION_3) Compute and plot the rectified load voltage, vR, in the circuit of Figure 6

Figure 6

Known Quantities: vS(t) = 3 cos(ωt); Vγ = 0.6 V.

Find: An analytical expression for the load voltage.
Assumptions: Use the offset diode model.
SOLUTION_3)

Analysis: We start by replacing the diode with the offset diode model, as shown in the lower
half of Figure 6. Now we can use the method developed earlier for ideal diode analysis, that
is, we can focus on determining whether the voltage vD across the ideal diode is positive
(diode on) or negative (diode off).

Assume first that the diode is off. The resulting circuit is shown in Figure 7(a). Since no
current flows in the circuit, we obtain the following expression for vD:

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 Figure 7

The resulting waveform is plotted with vS in Figure 8.

Figure 8

QUESTION_4) Use the offset diode model to determine the value of v1 for which diode D1
first conducts in the circuit of Figure 9.

Figure 9

Known Quantities: VB = 2 V; R1 = 1 kΩ; R2 = 500 Ω; V γ = 0.6 V.

Find: The lowest value of v1 for which diode D1 conducts.
Assumptions: Use the offset diode model.

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SOLUTION_4)

Analysis: We start by replacing the diode with the offset diode model, as shown in Figure 10.
Based on our experience with previous examples, we can state immediately that if v1 is negative,
the diode will certainly be off. To determine the point at which the diode turns on as v1 is
increased, we write the circuit equation assuming that the diode is off. If you were conducting
a laboratory experiment, you might monitor v1 and progressively increase it until the diode
conducts; the equation below is an analytical version of this experiment. With the diode off, no
current flows through R1, and

According to this equation

and the condition required for the diode to conduct is:

v1 > 2.6 V Diode on condition

Figure 10

QUESTION_5) Determine the operating region of the BJT in the circuit of Figure 11.

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 Figure 11

SOLUTION_5)

QUESTION_6) Determine the DC operating point of the BJT amplifier in the circuit of
Figure 12

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 Figure 12

SOLUTION_6)

Write the load line equation for the collector circuit:

Applying KVL around the base circuit, and assuming that the BE junction is forward-biased
(this results from the assumption that the transistor is in the active region),

QUESTION_7) For the circuit given in Figure 13, the readings are V1 = 3 V, V2 = 2.4 V,
and V3 = 2.7 V. Determine the operating region of the transistor.

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 Figure 13

SOLUTION_7) SATURATION! Find yourself please!

QUESTION_8) In the circuit of Figure 13, find the current i.

Figure 14

QUESTION_9) Determine an expression for the overall gain AV = vo/vi for the circuit of
Figure 15. Find the conductance G = ii/vi seen by the voltage source, vi. Assume the op-
amp is ideal.

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 Figure 15

QUESTION_10) Determine an expression for the overall gain AV = vo/vi for the circuit of
Figure 16. Find the conductance G = ii/vi seen by the voltage source, vi. Assume the op-amps
are ideal.

Figure 16

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