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In unicellular organisms, all the life functions are performed by the single cell independently. On
the contrary, however the multicellular organisms have various levels of organization within
them. The multicellular organisms have the following 5 levels of organization ranging from
simplest to most complex: cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ systems --> organisms
LEVEL 1 - Cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and and various functions in the living organisms. Specific
functions are performed by the different cells. Examples: blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, etc.
LEVEL 2 - Tissues
The cells similar in structure and fucntion combine to make tissues. The cells in the tissues work
together to execute explicit activities. The basic tissues in human body are classified into 4 broad
catagories: connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
LEVEL 3 - Organs
The tissues aggregate to form various organs. Examples: liver, kidneys, eyes, etc.
LEVEL 4 - Organ Systems
Two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the organism comprise
the organ systems. Examples: circulatory system, excretory system, endocrine system, skeletal
system, etc. There are eleven organ systems in the Human body. These are excretory (urinary),
circulatory, digestive, respiratory, endocrine, immune (lymphatic), muscular, nervous,
reproductive, integumentary and skeletal.
LEVEL 5 - Organisms
These are the highest level of organization. These are the complex aggregation of the various
organ systems that interact with each other to carry out all basic life processes. This means that
the organism can ingest materials, release energy from food, excrete wastes, grow and develope,
respond to the stimuli and reproduce. An organism may be made up of only one cell such as
bacteria or protest or multiple cells. Examples: bacteria, amoeba etc.
Prokaryotes (Greek word pro- before and karyon nut or kernel, referring to the cell nucleus).
The organisms without a cell nucleus (karyon) and membrane-bound organelles.
Most are unicellular (just a few prokaryotes are multicellular).
Eukaryotes (Greek word eu- true and karyon nut or kernel, referring to the cell nucleus)
The organisms with well defined nucleus.
The cells are organized into membrane bound complex structures called organelles.
Majority of eukaryots are multicellular.
Features Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell
Cell wall Only in plant cells and fungi Usually chemically complexed
(chemically simpler)
The unicellular organisms are made of a single cell while Multicellular organisms are
made of multiple cells.
Levels of organization are found in multicellular organisms. In unicellular organism the
cellular functioning is distributed at the organelle level, whereas in Multicellular it
involves cellular, tissue, organ and organ system levels.
The life of a unicellular organism depends on single cell, however in Multicellular
organism different cells perform discrete cellular functions.
A unicellular organism is exposed to the environment while in Multicellular organism the
outer cells/ epithelial cells face the environment and the inner cells are dedicated to do
the certain basic cell function.
Unicellular organism die with the death of the cell. In multicellular organisms, the cell
death and regeneration is a common phenomenon.