EEE 309 Communication Theory

Semester: July 2014

Dr. Md. Farhad Hossain

Assistant Professor
Department of EEE, BUET

Email: mfarhadhossain@eee.buet.ac.bd
Office: ECE 331, ECE Building
 Part 07

Digital Modulation / Digital

Bandpass Modulation

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 Digital Modulation
Digital bit stream is transmitted using analog carrier (bandpass channel) – Digital-to-
analog conversion

Various Forms:
A. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) / On-Off Keying (OOK): BASK, MASK
B. Frequency Shift Keying (FSK): BFSK, MSK, MFSK
C. Phase Shift Keying (PSK): BPSK, MPSK, DPSK, QPSK, OQPSK
D. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) = ASK+PSK: MQAM

Can also be categorized as:

1. Binary modulation: (e.g., BASK, BFSK, BPSK)
2. M-ary modulation: (e.g., MASK, MFSK, MPSK, MQAM)
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BASK, BFSK, BPSK

Bit
sequence

BASK/
OOK

BPSK

BFSK

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 BASK / OOK
Generation:

For OOK, A0 = 0
OOK
Detection:
- Both envelope detection and coherent detection (same as AM)

Envelope detector

Amplitude Spectrum:

Advantage: Simplicity
Disadvantage: ASK is very susceptible to noise interference
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 BFSK (1)
Generation:

s(t)

Amplitude Spectrum:

Advantage: FSK is less susceptible to noise than ASK

Disadvantage: Bandwidth twice that of ASK
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 BFSK (2)
Detection:
- Both envelope detection and coherent detection

s(t)

Envelope (noncoherent) detection

s(t)

Coherent detection
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 BPSK (1)
Generation:

s(t)

(Polar NRZ)

Amplitude Spectrum:

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 BPSK (2)
Detection:
- Only coherent detection

Advantage:
 Less susceptible to errors than ASK requiring the same bandwidth
 Less bandwidth requirement than that of FSK

Disadvantage:
More complex signal detection / recovery process than in ASK and FSK
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 DPSK (1)
(For this example: 0 means
transition: Logic network
performs XNOR operation)

Generation:

Detection by Envelope Detector:

Advantage: Envelope detection can be used

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 DPSK (2)

Q. Design a DPSK system (transmitter and receiver) assuming ‘1’ means transition
in phase.

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Noise in Communications (1)

Eb = Energy per bit

N0 = Noise spectral density

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 Noise in Communications (2)
Acceptable BER:
Vocoded speech: 10-2 - 10-3
Data transmission over wireless
channels: 10-5 - 10-6
Video transmission: 10-7 - 10-12
Financial data: 10-11

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