The Irish Empire

by Paul O'Johnson

(This is a summary of the book. The original is 1,546 pages long.)

Among the many dismaying events of the twentieth century, few would have surprised and
appalled the optimistic mind of the nineteenth more than the complete disintegration of the
Irish Empire by 1960. For centuries the chief bulwark of Christendom against the Quetzal League
of the Mississippi, its swift decline from the largest unified political unit in the history of the
world to a squabbling "Commonwealth of Nations" seemed to put the whole of civilization at
risk. As is often the case in history, our worst fears were as unfounded as our fondest hopes, and
the terrible North American tyranny collapsed at the very moment it seemed poised to gather
the empire of the world to itself. The process by which we were saved was almost as
disconcerting as the one we thought would damn us.

No single ruler was more responsible for the ultimate rise of Irish civilization that the Roman
Emperor Britanicus. After the suspicious death of his adoptive brother Nero in 54 A.D., he
presided over a prosperous, uneventful reign which did much to redeem the reputation of the
imperial office. Britanicus occupied his time primarily in the pursuit of the pedantic interests that
had so largely concerned his father, the Emperor Claudius. It is due to Britanicus's filial diligence
in promoting the copying and distribution of his father's historical works that the histories of
Claudius are among the most widely-preserved primary sources that have come down to us from
ancient times. It was also out of filial piety that Britanicus pursued his father's original conquests
in Britain, to a degree that perhaps exceeded the actual value of the province. The invasion of
Munster in 60 A.D. by Governor Paulus, made in response to the depredations of Irish pirates on
the loosely defended coasts of newly Roman Britain, occasioned the first permanent foothold of
the Roman Empire in Ireland. The conquest of the island was not completed, however, until fifty
years later under the Emperor Trajan.

Roman Ireland was more isolated and eccentric than its British neighbor to the east, but in some
ways its condition was happier. After the initial Roman penetration of the eastern and southern
areas of the country, the local kings of the north and west resigned themselves to civilization and
submitted to Rome, in exchange for a large degree of local autonomy. Far more peaceful than
imperfectly-conquered Britain, Ireland soon developed a lively if peculiar literary culture. The
Romance language of Ireland, Ibernacha, has clear roots in the late Latin dialect of the country,
which was unique among the colloquial tongues of the west in finding written expression even
before the empire collapsed. Also, perforce, the province developed a precocious maritime
technology to keep in touch with the rest of civilization. The island was scarcely affected by the
civil wars that wracked the Roman world in the third century. When the Roman legions withdrew
from the British Isles in the fifth century, both major islands were briefly ruled from the Irish
provincial capital at Rodillanegra. When the Anglo-Saxon invasions overran southern and eastern
Britain, Wales and north central Britain were organized as Irish marches to keep the Germanic
peoples at bay. This basic configuration of the British Isles, a Latino-Celtic west and north
surrounding a West Frisian (historically called "English") lowland based in London, continues to
this day.

The years from about 450 A.D. to the Norse conquest of 800 A.D. are usually called the first Irish
Golden Age. The only part of western Europe to escape barbarian invasion during the collapse of
the Roman Empire, the island actually remained a nominal province of Byzantium after the
abdication of the last western emperor in 476. The unfortunate attempt by the Emperor
Justinian to send an exarch to the island to collect taxes caused the last "Roman governor" of the
island (by then, the office was hereditary to the ruler of the Rodillanegran Pale) to declare
himself High King in the sixth century. The survival of literary culture in Ireland was vital to the
restoration of civilization in western Europe. It was chiefly due to the Irish that Christendom was
not confined to western Europe, but spread in a great arc from the steppes of Russia to the
Great Plains of North America. Throughout this period, Irish missionaries and teachers moved in
great numbers across the continent. It was, of course, the Irish who won the northern and
eastern Slavic peoples for Roman Christianity, cutting off the cultural influence of Orthodoxy
beyond the Balkans and the Black Sea. Many European cities were founded around the sites of
Irish monasteries. The city of Munich, for instance, was originally "the place of the monks." Just
as important for later history, Irish missionary and commercial enterprise pushed gradually west
into Iceland and Greenland, until finally the first port cities were founded on the North American
continent about the year 700 A.D.

The spread of Eurasian civilization to the western hemisphere was to have vast consequences
both for good and evil in the distant future, but the near-term effects were almost wholly
positive. Metallurgy, literacy and husbandry spread throughout the eastern half of the northern
continent, far beyond the political influence of the scattered Irish colonies on the east coast. The
disease ecologies of the two hemispheres were gradually brought into harmony. Great Christian
states came into existence. The Iroquoian Republic in the area south of the Great Lakes
contributed mightily to the soaring architecture of the Age of the Cathedrals, while the Cherokee
Kingdom of the Appalachians, which developed paper currency even before the Chinese,
became nearly synonymous with medieval financial enterprise. Although the loyalty of the Irish
colonies to the High King was rather nominal during this period, still Ireland remained the great,
inevitable trading center between the two hemispheres.

It was beyond Christendom, in the dark, dynamic society of the Mississippi Valley, that the terror
of the next millennium was being formed. Agricultural societies in the continent's chief river
valley long antedated the European stimulus. Left to themselves, however, these societies would
have been characterized by middle-sized towns with no particular technological edge over their
neighbors. The diffusion of Eurasian technology from the east coast changed that. Armed with
metal weapons and armored cavalry, the southern half of the Mississippi Valley had achieved
unity by the ninth century, and was already moving to extend its control over the ancient,
degenerate civilizations of Mexico and Central America. By the standards of most cultures for
most of their histories, the spirit of those southern regions was quite literally diabolical. The
Mississippians, a subtle and ingenious people, took took that spirit for their own.

The Quetzal Teaching, as it came to be called, is sometimes classed not as an ideology or religion
at all, but as a mind control technique. Abandoning such crudities as government sponsored
human sacrifice, its goal was sacrifice of the spirit, to conquer this world for the Otherworld by
peopling it with "living victims." (The Quetzal term for "citizen" was "the Eaten.") Under its
influence, the whole of Mississippian civilization, and to lesser degrees the societies under its
influence, became a network of identical, tomb-like cites. Quetzal cities were laid out in perfect
grids of paved streets and white buildings, and their layout was never altered from the day of
their foundation. Devoid of art, crime, social classes or places of worship, their inhabitants had
no names except for their addresses. It was only in the twentieth century that archeological finds
in Indus Valley revealed a society eerily similar to this. Some chaos-historians have pointed out
that Earth's weather could be governed by one of two strange attractors, the one we have, and
the permanently frozen hypothetical world called "the White Earth." Similarly, they suggest,
human civilization may be capable of two basic forms, that known to most of history, and that of
the Indus and the Mississippi. In any event, we know that the Indus Valley (or Harappan) Culture,
lasting from 2500 B.C. to 1500 B.C., led a death-in-life existence similar to that of the Quetzal
League. The big difference, of course, was that while the Indus Valley was unassertive, almost
reclusive, the Mississippi evinced a terrible hunger to expand.

Ireland's immediate problems came not from the West but from the North. The conquest of
Ireland in 800 was unique among the Norse conquests in that it was done at a single stroke. The
country did not have to be repeatedly invaded and absorbed piecemeal as local governments
were improvised. Though hardly a model of administrative efficiency, the "Lands of the High
King," as the Irish state was known, were still far more unified and rationally governed than any
other polity in western Europe. Furthermore, the early commercial economy of the kingdom was
something the Norse understood and were eager to promote. Ireland naturally became the
center for Norse activity in the British Isles. Rodillanegra was the seat of King Canute's
ephemeral empire, which included the British Isles and Denmark. This rather rickety structure
passed to native control with the expulsion of the Norse by King Brian Boru in 1011, and then
collapsed entirely when the Normans invaded West Frisia in 1066.

Since then, potentially rich West Frisia has been a debatable land, the prize of the governments
of Normandy, Ireland, Scotland and, since the seventeenth century, the Netherlands. Despite
occasional expressions of nationalist sentiment, West Frisia makes most sense as an integral part
of the Low Countries, on both ethnic and linguistic grounds. There are, of course, religious
objections. West Frisia was the only part of the British Isles to remain in the Roman communion
at the time of the Reformation, despite the fierce persecution by the Calvinist Church of Ireland,
which exercised ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the country during the last phase of Irish political
control. However, it is hard to believe that this peaceful agricultural country could really
contemplate an independent existence.

The Norse period served to strengthen the powers of the Irish central government. It also began
the long evolution of representative democracy with the creation of the Seaman's Court. The
merchants who made up this assembly provided most of the kingdom's tax revenues. The High
Kings increasingly found themselves compelled to negotiate with the Court for funds to support
the state. Naval technology improved enormously. The North American colonies were expanded
and unified, until they formed a sold chain down the entire east coast. By the time the Spanish
began their transatlantic expansion at the end of the fifteenth century, after the successful
completion of the Reconquista, there were already considerable Irish colonies in Brazil and the
Rio dela Plata. Irish traders were slowly gaining control of the commerce of Peru.

The terrible series of Irish-Spanish conflicts forms one of the darkest chapters of the Wars of
Religion. Many factors served to envenom and prolong the conflict, from the rich spoils to be
found in the Western Hemisphere to the fact that Spanish and Ibernacha are sufficiently similar
to allow of mutual invective. The Irish did better in the earliest stages of the century and a half of
conflict because of the technological edge provided by their long maritime tradition. However,
the Spanish wove an ultimately successful series of anti-Irish alliances from France to Peru,
composed of states long suspicious of Irish ambitions. The Irish were driven from the Pacific
entirely by 1600 through the concerted efforts of the Spanish and their ally, the newly Catholic
Empire of Japan. To this day, despite nearly two centuries of later alliance between Japan and
Ireland, the figure of the Samurai Jesuit is enough to excite the prejudices so deeply rooted in
even the most enlightened Irish heart. The final result was that the High King lost all of South
America outside Brazil, which itself fought a successful war of independence in the eighteenth
century.

In the long view, it may perhaps have been to Ireland's advantage that it was forced for a century
to confine its interests more narrowly. Rather than squandering its resources in a premature
world empire like Spain, Ireland struggled to develop the legal and social mechanisms necessary
to free market capitalism. It forged what seemed to be permanent dynastic links with Scotland
and Wales, and began the long, hard work of constructing a barrier of alliances in North America
against the Quetzal menace to the coastal colonies. By the late seventeenth century, it is already
anachronistic to speak of "The Lands of the High King." The Irish Empire known to history already
existed in embryo. With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the Irish Kingdom of
Scotland, the Empire was in a position to become the first true world power.

The story has long been told how the Empire expanded its influence in Europe to oppose French
attempts at hegemony. As Spain declined, the Irish became first its predator and then its
protector. In India, for reasons that seemed like a good idea at the time, the Irish gathered up
the fragments of the moribund Mughal Empire into a polity that itself had to be regarded as one
of the major political subdivisions of mankind. Allied with the Kingdom of Poland, which in those
days extended almost to the Urals, it financed the defeat of Napoleon, itself providing the crucial
forces for the final battles in the Low Countries. With the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Irish
Empire was without peers anywhere in the world, and without real enemies. Except, of course,
the Quetzal League.

The Great Game, as it came to be called, between the League and the Empire was the defining
theme of the next hundred years of world history. Even the three German War between 1870
and 1940, and the expansion of the Empire to include a quarter of the world's land area, seem
like distractions in comparison to the great struggle to keep the terrible power of the Mississippi
contained. The League tended to absorb technological advances rather unevenly, but from the
very beginning of its existence it made the study of the military and industrial technique of the
rest of the world one of the chief functions of the state. Neither was it wholly without the power
to innovate. Thus, though early ironclad ships gave the combined Nipponese-Irish fleet a decisive
advantage in the defense of Honshu in 1854, the combined fleet of the same powers was wholly
outclassed by the Quetzal forces in the catastrophic battles for the defense of the Kingdom of
Hawaii in 1904.

The tale of the Irish Empire in the twentieth century was one of decline, punctuated by dazzling
recoveries. The Empire's role in world affairs was first shared with and then largely transferred to
the Republic of Brazil, a nation in any event inextricably linked to Ireland by ties of blood and
language. Since the turn of the century, that state has been the leading economic power in the
world. The century brought a new golden age of Ibernacha literature, coincident with the
dominance of the language in world trade and scholarship. Still, even the glories of Yeats and
Joyce could not illumine the dusk into which the Empire, indeed all of Christendom, seemed to
be falling.
The end of the colonial period revealed Ireland for what it was, a mild, North Atlantic island that
is a convenient place to stop on the way to North America from continental Europe, if you are
going by sail power. Though centuries of relative security and good government have made the
island a place where people feel safe doing business and otherwise parking their money, there
was no intrinsic strength in the country to support the historical role it had taken on itself. First
its dependencies demanded autonomy, and then independence. The harbinger of the coming
disintegration was the granting of substantial independence to Scotland and Wales in 1922. For
the first time since the end of the Roman Empire, no part of Britain answered directly to
Rodillanegra. These events were not lost on the Empire's chief enemy. The Empire's ancient
allies in North America began to curry favor with the ascendant Quetzal League. Finally, in 1936,
the Irish colonies on the coast were induced to "invite" the League to occupy them for their own
protection.

While the burden of defense was exhausting, even the German Wars were not so enervating as
the spread of Quetzalist philosophy to the upper and intellectual classes of the Empire. Step by
step with the decline of the Empire aboard, progressive people called for the adoption of
features of the Quetzal way of life in Ireland itself. The bare, white austerity of Quetzal
archetecture became almost manadatory, representative art disappeared from the galleries, the
very concept of the integral human person was deconstructed by writers and psychologists alike.
Indeed, it is now known that, at the very time that the League was about to disintegrate, the
High King's Cabinet was secretly considering application for admission to the League as an
associate member.

The Quetzal League came to an end on that memorable day in 1989, when all communication
with the Mississippi Valley abruptly ceased. There has never been a satisfactory explanation of
what happened. The first tentative relief expeditions found chaos, death, and mass suicide on a
scale that can scarcely be imagined. Comparisons with the fate of the Indus Valley Culture were
what naturally came to mind. There, it is known, the chief centers of civilization had simply
ceased to function in a very short period of time. Bodies lay in the immaculate streets that, for
the first time in a millennium, no one came to clean in the morning. Scholars speak learnedly of
"non-linear cultural change" and the "loss of social strange attractor," but their speculations
simply mask their ignorance.

This turn of events preserved Ireland from external destruction, perhaps, but at the cost of
undermining its faith in the fundamental rationality of the world. A fight to the finish, even if
lost, at least would have been an explainable end. So would a negotiated surrender. As it is,
civilization seems to have been preserved by a suspension of the laws of nature. This is not
altogether encouraging.