GLOBAL STRENGTH

LOCAL FOCUS
LJUNGSTRÖM ®
AIR PREHEATERS
Alstom is the global leader in the design,
manufacturing, installation and maintenance
of Ljungström® Air Preheaters. We are proud
to be the owner of Ljungström® air preheater
technology with its pedigree dating back
to the 1920s when the first efficient air preheater
was invented in Sweden by Frederick Ljungström.

Today, Alstom owns Ljungström® patents

and trademarks across the world and the
group also combines the resources of industry
leading names SRM, Air Preheater Company,
Kraftanlagen, Gadellius, Stein, PBS and APEL.

Alstom Ljungström® Air Preheaters

are recognized by boiler companies, utilities
and manufacturers around the world as the best
products of their type which is why they are more
widely used than any other type of heat exchanger.
Unrivalled expertise
in air preheaters
Modular design. Maximum flexibility
The modular design concept behind Alstom Ljungström® Air
Preheaters is a simple one. Create a family of air preheaters
based on the same general platform and incorporating the latest
best in-class technologies but which, individually, are tailored to
fit a wide variety of different power plants.
Our extensive portfolio of products includes preheaters
for sub-critical, super-critical, ultra-supercritical and CFB
boilers. All, though, are installed in the same way, with an
optimised erection sequence that uses simple structures
and the minimum number of assemblies.
Up to the largest sizes
We recognise that thermal power plants are becoming
increasingly large. The design flexibility built into our preheaters
and, in particular, the wide range of sizes we offer means that
we have already been able to meet the requirements of some
of the largest plants currently being constructed.
Higher efficiency. Lower costs
Our air preheaters can recover up to 15% of boiler heat input,
contributing up to 20% of the overall boiler efficiency while
representing only 2% of total investment in a typical plant.
The impressive performance of our air preheaters is, in part,
the result of our unmatched experience in global boiler projects,
so we appreciate that high thermal efficiency, leakage reduction
and low pressure drop are all essential to their operation.
Consequently, with our preheaters, we offer adaptable sealing
systems giving a wide range of options to reduce leakage
including load following leakage control.
Quality
Our commitment to quality is at the heart of our business.
Our customers know they are receiving the very best
products available.
03
 Advanced modular
Make our air

Proven design with customisable options

Ljungström® Air Preheaters have a reputation for rugged reliability and efficient operation that stretches back to the middle
of the 20th century. Our current family of products are modular in concept so flexibility is built into their design. This means
we can offer a wide range of standardised options when it comes to their construction and installation on site.

Customer benefits
FLEXIBLE ROTOR DESIGN OPTIONS
• Centre or peripheral support arrangements
• Sizes to meet all preheat requirements
for industrial and utility-sized boilers
• Bi-sector, tri-sector and quad-sector arrangements

EFFICIENT SEALING SYSTEMS

• Comprehensive options to reduce leakage
• Load following leakage control systems
• Delivering unique benefits during hot and cold commissioning

ADVANCED TRANSFER SURFACES AND BASKETS

• Highest efficiency for lowest pressure drop
• Range of profiles that provide easier cleaning
and maintenance during operation
• Extended life due to lower soot blowing pressures

REDUCED ERECTION COSTS

• Optimised erection sequence with minimum number
of assemblies
• Alternative welded and pinned rotor options available
REDUCED MAINTENANCE COSTS
• Robust drive configurations
• Low maintenance auxiliary systems
• Substantial, long-lasting and durable equipment

A 20°-30°C recovery rate in the Ljungström® Air Preheater accounts for

1-1.5% reduction in the fuel requirements of the boiler. When installed on two
750 MW coal-fired boilers, the energy saved by the Ljungström® Air Preheater
is the equivalent of 42 hopper car loads of coal per day

04
engineering
preheaters first choice worldwide

Air preheaters for every application

No other air preheater supplier can match our vast experience of designing equipment for such a wide range of installations
around the world. With our range of versatile modular design platforms and configurations, we are able to meet the many
different requirements our customers have.

Duct and support configurations

The correct selection of duct arrangements is critical to modern
boiler layouts. We recognise this and produce our equipment
in configurations to meet all requirements. Our equipment
can be supplied in bi-sector, tri-sector and quad-sector
arrangements for either a traditional peripheral support
arrangement or for centre column support.

Modular site assembly

Our comprehensive understanding of the requirements of site
construction activities directly influences the modular design
of our air preheaters which incorporates optimised, flexible
assembly. As a result, depending on model size and type and the
available lift capacity on site, we can tailor production to include
efficient partial ground assembly of the units we supply.

05
 The rotor
Any configuration,

Design flexibility means greater customer choice

This is particularly true with the heart of our Ljungström® Air Preheaters – the rotor. The Alstom range boasts:

• The largest number of rotor sizes of any supplier

• Two alternative types of construction
• Several different configurations of basket loading
• Arrangements from one to four layers of heat transfer baskets

• Welded rotor designs use a welded connection between the rotor shaft
and the structural plate work of the rotor
• Site assembly requires considerable welding of critical joints
• Connection method is the industry standard, due to its low cost
• Rotors of this arrangement are built and then loaded with the element baskets

• Our unique pinned module designs incorporate a patented arrangement

of pre-built rotor modules connecting to a special rotor shaft
• The designs increase the life of the rotor by eliminating the thermal stresses
that occur in welded rotor designs at the point where the main plates are welded
to the rotor shaft
• Rotor modules can be pre-loaded with element baskets prior to connection
to the shaft, meaning less time loading baskets at a later stage
• Site erection can be completed in less time and critical shaft to rotor welds
are avoided

06
assembly
anywhere in the world

Our experience and knowledge of different rotor designs has helped to establish us
as the leading innovator in rotating air preheater technology

OPTION BENEFIT / ADVANTAGE

Basic welded rotor Lowest equipment cost
Modular rotor Optimised erection with minimised welding and reduced handling
Double sealed rotor Reduced air to gas direct leakage
Grating style rotor Changeable baskets without disturbing adjacent layers

ALSTOM PIONEERED the use of special fixtures in our factories

which allow us to build our modular rotor components to the highest
levels of quality and repeatability

07
 At the forefront
Delivering long life,

Advanced heating surfaces

We take pride in our long and diversified experience in the design and manufacture of high quality heating elements and are at
the cutting edge of new surface development. Our engineers continue to develop new advanced surface technologies in a range
of materials, thicknesses and depths to meet our global customer requirements. We are able to furnish heating elements that are
optimised for the best heat recovery and lowest pressure drop while remaining compatible with the fuel being fired.

High performance and durability

Correct surface configuration, material, and thickness, are integral to the thermal and
pressure drop performance of any regenerative heat exchanger. Surfaces developed and
optimised by Alstom engineers assure the highest performance and durability available.
Our comprehensive range also allows us to provide aftermarket replacements for older
surface types and, by installing our latest surfaces which are more efficient and remain
cleaner when in operation, deliver efficient upgrade solutions.

Materials and quality

We offer a range of surface and container materials to accommodate all customer
requirements. Our global experience with mild steel, low alloy steel and premium
enameled heating surfaces is unrivalled in our industry. Advanced quality control checks
and processes ensure that the heating element products manufactured at any
of our global facilities perform to our exceptional performance and life standards.

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of air preheater technology
efficiency and low maintenance

The enameled heat transfer surfaces supplied by Alstom incorporate the latest
wet-coated application processes and technology, to provide products with industry
leading enamel structure, thermal shock durability, cracking resistance and life

Advanced auxiliary equipment and systems

Our air preheaters incorporate systems and equipment that are proven in the field and accepted by customers as the best in their
class. We are continuously improving our auxiliary equipment and system options to provide the latest technology and configurations
while maintaining the robust reliability in operation that is the hallmark of the Ljungström® Air Preheater.

Efficient sealing systems

As air preheaters get larger the use of sealing systems is increasingly important to
ensure low leakage operation. We offer a range of sealing system options delivering the
lowest air-to-gas leakage while still maintaining the flexibility to operate across a range
of loads. Low maintenance systems are available to provide either full self-adjustment
of the sealing plates or multi-position adjustment across a specified range of load
points.

Bearings and drive systems

The bearing and drive systems incorporated into our air preheaters are the most reliable
and durable designs in our industry and contribute to our air preheaters’ reputation for
being problem free (with an impressive 99% availability).

09
 We are where our
Offices and manufacturing

Europe
Mannheim (Germany)
North America Brno (Czech Republic) East Asia
Concordia (USA) Wellsville (USA) Osaka (Japan)
India Kobe (Japan)
Delhi (India) Shanghai (China)

Shahabad (India)

Latin America

Vinhedo (Brazil)

Aftermarket services
Our involvement with you does not end with the successful installation of one of our air preheaters. We’re committed to our
customers and offer additional added-value services. To provide life extension and plant upgrades, we support all existing
installations with our genuine replacement parts in addition to component or system upgrades. Our aftermarket solutions provide
operators of both Alstom and other OEM equipment with valuable benefits in the areas of thermal efficiency, leakage reduction,
fuel compatibility and SCR retrofit upgrades.

• Supply of genuine replacement parts with warranty support

• Equipment inspections, condition assessments and life evaluations
• Components upgrades for Alstom as well as other air preheater designs
• Engineering studies for plant upgrades

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customers need us
facilities across the world
We combine rigorous research and development with a comprehensive global
after-sales service to ensure our equipment operates efficiently and cost-effectively
in the long-term
Field service
Across the globe we maintain
a highly experienced staff of technical
service specialists and engineers
who are available 365 days a year to
help ensure the efficient and reliable
operation of your Ljungström® Air
Preheaters. They can assist with outage
planning, inspection, and diagnostic
services and provide technical
assistance for routine and emergency
maintenance planning and repair.
Laboratory testing
In our laboratories, we use a range of
specialised equipment and procedures
to ensure the quality and durability of
our preheating products. We maintain
metallurgical testing facilities to
maintain our excellence in areas such
as heating element deposit & corrosion
analysis and failure root cause
analysis. Our dedicated soot blowing
test rig enables us to test surfaces for
cleanability as well as operation under
adverse conditions and our state
of the art switching regenerator
provides the platform for us to conduct
long-term tests of heat transfer
surfaces subjected to a spectrum
of thermal, environmental and
mechanical conditions.
Research and development
Research and development is key to
our technological leadership and our
programmes are always adapting to
meet the current and future needs of
the industry. Our competencies include
heat transfer surface computational
fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling,
prototyping, production and physical
testing using multiple sized wind
tunnels. We conduct advanced research
in air preheater fouling and cold end
corrosion and we are constantly
improving our understanding of air
preheater rotor thermal and fatigue
analysis using the latest techniques
in finite element analysis (FEA). We
are proud to claim that none of our
competitors can match our investment
and capabilities in these fields.
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 Global leadership
Some of our

Percentage of installations of Alstom designed air preheaters (including licensee installations)

Europe
USA 66%
98% China
Japan
99%
India
75%
MEA 90%
70%

LAM
Global Alstom air preheater design
installations (including licensees) 75%

With 90 years of air preheater experience, we have supplied thousands of air preheaters
for power generation and industrial applications globally.

We combine our local presence with global knowledge and resources in order to deliver
the technology and services which meet the demanding expectations of our customers
around the world.

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through global experience
key APH reference sites
New equipment installations
SAUDI ARABIA
Saudi Electric Company
Shoaiba 1-13
13 x 400 MW oil fired boilers
26 x size 28 bi-sector APH
Startup : 2002-2013
Retrofit projects
JAPAN
Chugoku Electric Power Co. Inc
Shin Onoda 1&2
2 x 500 MW coal fired boilers
4 x size 30.5 tri-sector air preheaters
Complicated and time-consuming
maintenance on the existing Rothemuhle
style air preheaters justified their replacement
with new Ljungström® Air Preheaters
selected to meet the specified performance
with lower leakage levels and fit in the space
occupied by the existing units.
GERMANY
EnBW Kraftwerke AG
RDK8
1 x 912 MW coal fired boiler
1 x size 36.5 quad-sector APH
Startup : 2013
MOROCCO
Jorf Lasfar Energy Company
Jorf Lasfar 3&4
2 x 260 MW coal fired boilers
2 x size 31.5 tri-sector air preheaters
Fuel switches were creating an issue with
pluggage, so a new heat transfer surface
configuration using advanced loose-packed
heating elements was installed, reducing the
fouling rate while maintaining the efficiency
of the air preheaters.
MALAYSIA
TNB Janamanjung
Manjung 4
1 x 1000 MW coal fired boilers
2 x size 34.5 tri-sector APH
Startup : 2015
MEXICO
Comisión Federal De Electricidad
Tuxpan 3-6
4 x 350 MW oil fired boilers
8 x size 29.5 bi-sector air preheaters
Replacement of the complete rotor
and shaft to upgrade the heaters to double
sealing and provide improved thermal
efficiency. Advanced heat transfer profiles
were used with enamelled heating element
in the cold end.
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 EN
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How Alstom is helping SI
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REDUCING LOWERING INCREASING

COST OF ELECTRICITY
It takes competitive assets to keep
electricity affordable. We enable power
companies to compete successfully in
the marketplace and provide affordable
electricity to consumers. We help you
reduce the cost of electricity through:
• Efficiency improvements
• CAPEX reduction / scaling up
• Capacity Factor increase (renewable)
• Lead time reduction
• Competitive O&M
• Competitive financing
ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT FLEXIBILITY & RELIABILITY
Clean generation is one way of Intermittent power generationis a
demonstrating environmental growing challenge of energy security, as
responsibility. Another is lowering is maintaining an aging installed base
resource usage, visual impact and noise and adapting it to changing market
pollution. In both cases, we can help conditions. We help you tackle both
you meet or exceed regulations and issues so that you can enjoy dependable
environmental standards. That is why operations with:
Alstom innovates in the following areas:
• Maintainability and outage
• Renewable portfolio time reduction
• Natural resource optimisation • Operational and fuel  flexibility
• Pollutants control • Lifetime extension and power uplift
(SOx, NOx, PM, mercury) • Designs and service for improved
• CO2 emission reduction & CCS availability and reliability
• Land use, visual impact and noise • Climate packages
• Water intensity reduction & • Energy storage
recyclability
 Alstom
Alstom is a global leader in the world of power generation,
power transmission and rail infrastructure and sets the benchmark
for innovative and environmentally friendly technologies.

Power generation Alstom builds the fastest train and the highest capacity automated
metro in the world, provides turnkey integrated power plant
solutions and associated services for a wide variety of energy
sources, including hydro, nuclear, gas, coal, wind, solar thermal,
geothermal and ocean energies. Alstom offers a wide range of
solutions for power transmission, with a focus on smart grids.

Power generation
Alstom Power offers solutions which allow their customers to
generate reliable, competitive and eco-friendly power.

Alstom has the industry’s most comprehensive portfolio of thermal

technologies – coal, gas, oil and nuclear – and holds leading positions
in turnkey power plants, power generation services and air quality
control systems. It is also a pioneer in carbon capture technologies.
Electrical grid
Alstom offers the most comprehensive range of renewable power
generation solutions today: hydro power, wind power, geothermal,
biomass and solar. With ocean energies, we are developing solutions
for tomorrow. Alstom is one of the world leaders in hydro power,
the largest source of renewable energy on the planet.

Rail transport
TPWR/BRCH/GSLFLAP/EN/9.2013/CHE/1659 © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project.
This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited. Photo credits: ALSTOM.

Alstom Power
Alstom Brazil
Av. Independencia, 4385
13280-000, Vinhedo
Sao Paulo
Brazil
Phone: +55 19 3826 6767

Alstom China
8F, One Indigo
20 Jiuxianqiao Road
Chaoyang District
Beijing 1000016
China
Phone: +86 10 5630 4000

Alstom Czech Republic

Olomoucka 7/9
656 66 Brno
Czech Republic
Phone: +420 54510 2913

Alstom Germany
Haus Watt
Boveristrasse 22
68309 Mannheim
Germany
Phone: +49 621 329 2100

Alstom India
Printed on environmentally friendly paper. A PDF version of this brochure is available at: www.alstom.com

Tech Boulevard, Tower C

2nd Floor, Plot No. 6
Sector 127, Noida 201 301
Uttar Pradesh
India
Phone: +91 120 434 8056

Alstom Japan
2-3-4 Minatojima-nakamachi
Kobe 650-0046
Japan
Phone: +81 78 303 5060

Alstom United States

3020 Truax Road, Wellsville
NY 14895
USA
Phone: +1 585 593 2700

www.alstom.com