1.

Diffusion Theory:
Diffusion theory denotes the processes that occur when people adopt a new idea,
especially one that is regarded as or leads to a technological innovation. It explains
how the innovation is presented to different classes of adopters. Additionally, the
theory emphasizes the importance of communication and peer networking in the
adoption process.

2. Modernization Theory:
Modernization theory or convergence theory has been widely studied in Parson’s
isolated nuclear family hypothesis (1955), Goode’s conjugal family (1963), and
Fukuyama’s end of history (1994). These theorists have shown that changes and
developments in economy and technology lead to cultural changes, such as those of
family structure.

3. Second Demographic Transition Theory:

Second demographic transition theory is used to examine the transition from high
birth and death rates to low birth and death rates due to the developments of
industrialized nations.