INSTITUTE OF URBAN TRANSPORT (INDIA)

Session 7: Urban Transport Reforms

Training Workshop on City Bus Planning- 13th to 16th October 2014

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Structure of Presentation

Introduction

SPV

UMTA

Urban Transport Fund

Advertisement policy

Parking Policy

Control Centre

Fare Revision Mechanism

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Introduction
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India - Urban Transportation Scene

• Motorization rates are high and Rapid
• High number of two wheelers and bicycle fleet
• Trip lengths/Travel Times are increasing
• Poor Air Quality- GHG Emissions
• Road fatalities are very high and increasing
• Inadequate network
• Pedestrians and cyclists not included
in planning and implementation!
• Basic facilities are missing (Unpaved roads/no drainage)
• 3-Wheelers, Bicycles and walking are major modes
• Too many institutions

• Steep rise in the number of registered personal vehicles over the years,
• Proportion of total number of registered buses has declined from over 11% in 1951 to
a mere about 1% in 2012.
 Public Transport Issues

Issues • Lack of proper ITS Planning

• Lack of proper operation planning
• Lack of proper Bus technology
• Lack of Proper Infrastructure
planning
• Lack of Maintenance and
Management System
• Bus operation by State
Transport Undertaking (STUs)
• Lack of proper financial
planning
• Lack of urban transport
reforms
 Effect

• Until 2009, only about 15 cities with million plus population had a
formalized public transport operator operating buses in the urban and
rural areas.

• The remaining either had informally operating buses or had

intermediate modes catering to the needs of public mobility.

• Broadly, most cities either did not have any formal system of public
transport or had very unreliable services which were poor in quantity,
quality and reliability.
Times of
Crippled
Urban
Transport
Systems
 MoUD Initiatives- Bus Funding Scheme
• Bus Finding scheme in 2009 and 2013
• Providing funding assistance to State Governments and ULBs
• Under this scheme, total of 27,270 modern buses were sanctioned to
176 cities
• Launched Urban Bus Specifications (UBS) -II

Cities purchased ergonomically designed high quality buses for their urban
areas to provide impetus to safe & affordable mobility in urban areas.
BMTC 900mm Diesel APSRTC -400mm CNG Non AC UPSRTC 400mm Diesel Non AC

Better
buses,
Better
Uttarakhand 900mm Diesel APSRTC 900mm Diesel PMT 400mm CNG AC
cities

Ujjain 900mm Diesel West Bengal 900mm Diesel

Nagpur 900mm Diesel Nanded Mini Bus Diesel BMTC 400mm AC

Nagpur FESLF Diesel CSTC, WB FESLF Diesel IRT (TN) FESLF Diesel Better
buses,
Better
cities

BMTC SLF Diesel APSRTC FESLF Diesel KESRTC Mini Bus

Chennai FESLF Diesel KESRTC RESLF Diesel Chennai 400mm LF

 MoUD Initiatives- Mandatory Reforms
2009 Scheme- Only for JNNURM Cities
• Setting up of SPV Improving
the
• Setting up of a city-level Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority
availability
(UMTA) for all one million plus cities
and
• Setting up of a Dedicated UTF at state level and city level quality of
• Change in bye-laws and Master Plan of cities to integrate land- buses in
use and transport Indian
• Periodically revision of fares. cities
• Waiver of state taxes at state level
• Advertisement policy and parking Policy to be developed for the
entire city
• ITS through SPV for bus services preferably on PPP,.
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MoUD Initiatives- Mandatory Reforms

2013 Scheme- All Notified Municipalities / Municipal Corporation

Fare
Urban Advertise TOD Contr Waive
City Size UMTA Parking Revisi
SPV Transport ment Polic ol r of
Policy on
Fund Policy y centre Taxes
Policy

1-10 N Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y
lakhs

More than
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
10 lakhs
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Reforms
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Special Purpose Vehicle

• Specialized and effective agency to monitor implementation and performance

• Develop appropriate support systems required for improving PT infrastructure.
• To provide or secure or promote an efficient, economical, reliable and properly
coordinated system the road transport.

Function
• Assessment of passenger demand, network planning ,service planning and
scheduling.
• Procurement of buses, infrastructure development, integrating feeder services,
fare /revenue
• Monitoring
• Establishment of Contracts
 Special Purpose Vehicle
• It must be registered
• Composition
• Administrative Division: HR, Internal Accounts, External Audit and
Legal Services, Other Administrative Functions
• Financial and Marketing Division:
• Payments to Operators and other Support Services, Interfaces with
Planning Division in Fare Structure Planning, Marketing and Non
Fare Box Revenue Collection
• Operators Division:
• Central Control Centre, Fare Collection, Monitors Quality of Rolling
Stock of Operators, Principal Interface between SPV and Operators,
Infrastructure Maintenance
• Planning Division:
• Plans Routing and Frequency on a regular basis
• Future Expansion of the system
• Interfaces with External Consultants for Planning and Design
• Deals Government Bodies and
• Monitors Infrastructure Development
 Special Purpose Vehicle

Shareholders may be composed of

• Secretary, Transport/Urban Development
• Rep. of Secretary UDD/ Transport
• Rep. of Secretary Finance
• SP/ Traffic
• Rep. of PWD
• Technical Expert
• Eminent Citizen
• CEO, Municipal Council/ Corporation
• Commissioner, Development Authority
• Members of State Level Nodal Agencies
 JCTSL

Planning and Maintenance Support Service

Bus Operator
Management through AMC Infrastructure Provider

Data Day to day

Fare Fixation Bus Terminals ITS Network
Maintenance Maintenance

Quality
Reconditioning Bus Q shelter GPS Bus Operation
Standards

Route and Retreading

Bus Depots E Ticketing Fare Collection
Network Design major repairs

Monitoring ITMS System Data Collection

Off bus fare

collection

Overseeing
revenue
collection

Contract
Management
 Special Purpose Vehicle- Examples

Raipur, Bhopal, Jabalpur, Bhubanashewar & Puri, Pune & Pimpri Chinchwad,
Jaipur, Ajmer, Indore, Chennai, Nanded, Vijayawada, Vishakhapatnam, Ujjain,
Guwahati, Agartala, Delhi, Bangalore, BEST, Ahmadabad

ORganizational structure for city bus operations

0thers
8%
No
informatio
n
8%

City Specific SPV

City Specific 52%
Division/
Organization
32%
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Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA)

Objective: To facilitate more coordinated planning and implementation

of urban transport programmes & projects and integrated management of
urban transport systems

Function
• UMMTA shall try to bring co-ordination between the different institutions
under them
• Plan public transport network and route structure, and also recommend
appropriate technologies.
• Area Traffic Improvements and Safety
• Regulation/ Licensing
 Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA)
• Ensuring the activeness of organization –dedicated secretariat which is
appropriately staffed by a mix of urban and transport planners, engineers and
economists etc.
• Empowering the UMTA with powers
• Overriding effect on all urban transport matters of the metropolitan area.
• Provision of a legislative backing could be ideal.
• Act has to be prepared
• Providing financial powers to the UMTA.
• Status of a financing authority and approval agency for investments.
• Public Investment Board (PIB) can be formulated
• Examine the investment plans put forward by the individual departments
in lieu of the respective public sector undertakings.
• All the investment plans with an estimated costing of Rs 50 Crores and
more must fall under the purview of the UMTA.
 UMTA- Status

Directorate Mysore City

of Urban UMTA for Land
Land Rajasthan Transport
Transport urban areas Authority
(DULT), (MCLTA)
Bangalore UMTA for
UMTA for Bhubaneswar UMTA for
Bangalore MMR Region & Puri Uttar
Metropolitan in Mah State Pradesh
Land UMTA for urban areas
Transport Jharkhand, UMTA for UMTA for 4
Authority UMTA for Ranchi, UMTA for Kohima cities in MP
(BMLTA) Hyderabad Jamshedpur Chennai city

Draft UMTA JNNURM PT Landmark

NTDPC + 12 FYP GoI
NUTP Bill discussed Bus Funding Recommendations
Interventions

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

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Urban Transport Fund (UTF)

Objective:
• To promote planning, development, operation and management of the city
transport system through financial support.
• To promote improvement in road safety aspects like accident analysis,
prevention, road geometric improvements, signals, signs, Road user
education etc
• To sustain and expand the transit operations (city buses) and to develop
the transit infrastructure (bus stands, terminals, inter-changes, depots,
workshops) parking facilities, ITS facilities, NMT etc

Sources
• Surcharge on stamp duty levied on all property transaction
• VAT on petrol, oil, diesel and lubricants;
• Development charge levied on all planning permissions issued;
• MV Tax collected in the Metro Area
• Shops and Establishment Levy, Tax on Employment, Surcharge Levy on
Octroi Rates, Sale of Government Land and other Property
 Urban Transport Fund (UTF)
• Suitable mechanism shall have to
be evolved for the concerned
• secretariat to judge/appraise the
claim
• Put it up for approval from UMTA,
and
• Disbursement of the same to the
concerned agency for
implementation.

Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Mysore,

Navi Mumbai, Thane,
Mirabhayandar, Jaipur, Kolkata,
Bhopal, Hyderabad, Kalyan
Dombilvilli, PCMC, Nagpur,
Bhubanashewar & Puri, Ajmer,
Shillong, Agartala
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Advertisement Policy
Need: To tap advertisement revenue on public transport.

Objective
• To regulate the erection, location, exhibition, fixation, size, shape,
retention or display of advertisement in any manner in non-prohibited
areas.
• To encourage the innovative use of design to achieve aesthetic and
commercial balance.
• To promote safety of the public.

Source
• Bus shelters
• On bus body [exterior & interior]
• On tickets or smart card
• On bus terminals
• Website
• Footover bridges etc
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Parking Policy
Need: For parking facility regulation, pricing, management and
design decisions

Objective
• To relieve congestion on streets
• To ensure optimal use of the road network, considering network
characteristics and constraints.
• To control the amount of on-street parking to improve traffic flow and
safety, and minimise interference with access and servicing.
• To design suitable system for effective management of parking
facilities, supported by sustainable parking standards

Technology
• At grade parking
• Multi storied manual parking spaces, multi storied semi-automatic
parking spaces
 Parking Policy

• Licensing of Parking Places: All parking lots, on street or off-street will

need to be licensed by the competent authority.

• Parking Standards: Parking standards for various land uses should be

evolved and implemented. The basic considerations to include:

• Parking Pricing:
• Parking pricing should be judiciously devised to manage the parking
problem on the demand side and seen in the context of encouraging
use of public transport.
• It is to be ensured that the parking fee is scheduled in such a manner
that the turnover of the parking spaces may be maximum

Panaji, BEST, Mira-bhayandhar, Navi Mumbai, Pune, PCMC,

Chandigarh, Kolkata
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Control Centre
• To optimise the traffic performance of a network.
• To enable faster incident response and reduction in incident rates.
• To reduce congestion on the arterial network of the city.
• To increase traffic safety
• To enhance communication in all aspects of transportation
management (planning, design, implementation, operation,
maintenance)
• Monetary savings by sharing responsibilities between fewer staff
• To reduce delay to vehicles
• To reduce environmental pollution
• To provide real time information
• To use real time and temporal data for communication for control
mechanisms, Traffic engineering & design and Transportation
planning uses
 Conceptualization and Design
• Control Systems/ IT Infrastructure required –based on the ability
to combine different systems and products, capital and maintenance
cost, computing power and availability.

• Hardware and Software functional specification - Specifications

for the main equipment

• Data requirements –
• Data required and the updating periodicity will have to be
decided, along with the data capture technique/technology
• Storage format and medium
• Retrieval mechanism and dissemination requirements

• Reporting requirements –
• Generate required management reports
• Reports will constitute a key element of the planning and
monitoring system.
• Different types of regular and exception reports to improve the
efficiency of the system would be identified.

Delhi, Indore, Bhopal, Mysore, Ahmedabad

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Fare Revision Mechanism

A regulatory/institutional mechanism has to be set up to periodically revise
fares for all public transport system to keep up with increasing O& M and
capital cost

Objective
• To generate required cash inflow to sustain the system in long run.
• To maximise revenue, minimise cost of operation.

Method
FN = 0.4 [FPN – FPO] + 0.3 [CPIN – CPIO] + 0.3 [AMCN – AMCO] + FO

FN- New Fare CPIN – New Consumer Price Index

FO – Old Fare CPIO – Old Consumer Price Index
FPN – New Fuel Price AMCN – AMC Rate/km
FPO – Old Fuel Price AMCO - Old AMC Rate/km

Bhopal, Ahmedabad
 Thank You

Office Address

1st Floor, Anand Vihar Metro

Station Building,
(Entry adjacent to Gate No 1)
Delhi - 110 092. Training room (1) with U shape seating arrangement IUT Member library with reading tables
Tel.: (91) 11 66578700-09,
Fax.: (91) 11 66578733
www.iutindia.org

Training room (2) with group seating arrangement IUT administration section