2.

anatomy lower gastrointestinal tract

Blood Supply to the Intestines

The blood supply to the intestines involves three major arteries and many smaller arteries, which
fan out throughout the abdominal region. These arteries work together to supply the intestines
with a vital supply of oxygenated blood. Continue Scrolling To Read More Below...

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 Related Anatomy:
 Inferior Mesenteric Artery
 Inferior Mesenteric Vein
 Intestinal Arteries
 Intestinal Veins
 Mesocolon
Continued From Above...

Anatomy
Oxygenated blood leaves the heart through the aorta, which descends into the abdominal cavity
as the abdominal aorta. The abdominal aorta forms several branches, three of which supply blood
to the intestines: the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. Each
of these arteries forms many smaller branches that spread throughout the abdomen to specific
regions of the intestines. Unlike the other branches of the abdominal aorta, the three arteries that
supply the intestines are unpaired arteries and extend from the anterior wall of the aorta.

Celiac Trunk

The celiac trunk extends from the abdominal aorta just inferior to the diaphragm and divides into
three branches. One of these branches, the hepatic artery, further divides into three more
branches to supply blood to the digestive organs. Of these branches, the gastroduodenal artery
supplies blood to the pylorus of the stomach and the nearby duodenum of the small intestine.

Superior Mesenteric Artery

The superior mesenteric artery branches from the abdominal aorta inferior to the celiac trunk and
provides oxygenated blood to most of the small intestine and the proximal large intestine. It
forms five major branches to provide blood flow to many feet of intestines.

 The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is the first and smallest branch, which provides
blood to the pancreas and the distal end of the duodenum.
 Next are the intestinal arteries, which can be divided into the jejunal and ileal groups. The
jejunal arteries feed the tissues of the jejunum and form a network of interconnected
arches throughout the mesentery. Blood to the ileum is provided by the ileal arteries,
which form several tiers of interconnected arches in the mesentery before reaching the
ileum. These arches provide detours for blood to prevent interruptions to the blood flow
to the intestines.
 The next branch of the superior mesenteric artery, the ileocolic artery, provides blood to
the terminal ileum, cecum, and appendix. It is followed by the right colic artery, which
provides blood flow to the ascending colon.
 Finally, the middle colic artery forms the final branch of the superior mesenteric artery
and provides blood flow to the transverse colon.

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

The inferior mesenteric artery splits from the abdominal aorta inferior to the superior mesenteric
artery. It divides into three branches to provide blood to the large intestine. The left colic artery
provides blood to the tissues of the descending colon, while the sigmoid artery provides blood to
the sigmoid colon. Blood flowing to the superior regions of the rectum is provided by the
superior rectal artery, which supplies the rectum to the level of the internal anal sphincter.
Blood flow to the rectum and anus below the internal anal sphincter is distinct from the blood
flow to the other regions of the intestines. Below this point, blood is provided to the anus by the
middle and inferior rectal arteries, which branch from the internal iliac arteries in the pelvis. This
change in blood flow pattern is related to the embryonic development of this region, with the
anus representing the border between the internally located endodermal tissue and the external
ectodermal tissue.

http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/cardiovascular/lower-torso/blood-supply-intestines#continued

3. penyerapan cairan di lower GI tract-sheerwood

4. mikroorganisme paling sering

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P02019

dan toxinya ada di slide dr cucu

5. 5pilar treatment who

Lintas diare

1. Berikan oralit

Di who hal 16-18, 37

2. Berikan tablet Zinc selama 10 hari berturut-turut hal 9, 14

3. Teruskan ASI-makan hal 30
4. Berikan antibiotik secara selektif hal 46
5. Berikan nasihat pada ibu/keluarga, hal 30
 6. Vital sign in baby
https://www.pedscases.com/pediatric-vital-signs-reference-chart
7. Treatment derajat dehidrasi hal 8 dst
8. Kandungan asi
http://www.idai.or.id/artikel/klinik/asi/nilai-nutrisi-air-susu-ibu
9. Wbc turun

A WBC count indicates an overall increase or decrease in the number of white blood cells. A
health practitioner will consider the results of a WBC count together with results from other
components of the complete blood count (CBC) as well as a number of other factors, such as
physical examination, medical history, and signs and symptoms.

A high white blood cell count, called leukocytosis, may result from a number of conditions and
diseases. Some examples include:

 Infections, most commonly caused by bacteria and some viruses, less commonly by fungi
or parasites
 Inflammation or inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis or
inflammatory bowel disease
 Leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms
 Conditions that result in tissue death (necrosis) such as trauma, burns, surgery or heart
attack
 Allergic responses (e.g., allergies, asthma)

A low white blood cell count, called leukopenia, can result from conditions such as:

 Bone marrow damage (e.g., toxin, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, drugs)

 Bone marrow disorders—the bone marrow does not produce sufficient WBCs (e.g.,
myelodysplastic syndrome, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency)
 Lymphoma or other cancer that has spread (metastasized) to the bone marrow
 Autoimmune disorders—the body attacks and destroys its own WBCs (e.g., lupus)
 Dietary deficiencies
 Overwhelming infections (e.g., sepsis)
 Diseases of the immune system, such as HIV, which destroy T lymphocytes

When WBC counts are used for monitoring purposes, a series of WBC counts that continues to
rise or fall to abnormal levels indicates that the condition or disease is getting worse. WBC
counts that return to normal indicate improvement and/or successful treatment.

10. Diff count interpretation

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2054452-overview#a2
11. Calcium naik
https://www.uclahealth.org/endocrine-center/high-calcium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3035144/
12. Stool analysis
https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=aa80714#tp16699
13. Obat ada di lo kemaren
14. Edukasi diare
https://www.scribd.com/document/354324987/EDUKASI-DIARE-SK1
15. Komplikasi diare
https://www.scribd.com/document/249264664/KOMPLIKASI-diare
16. Prognosis dn komplikasi
http://www.kalbemed.com/Portals/6/08_230CME-Tatalaksana%20Diare%20Akut.pdf