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1 Design Codes
2 Scope
3 Type of pipe
Line pipes as per following code: Assorted pipes as per following code:
4 Valves
Valves are procured as per following code: Valves are procured as per following code:
BS
API 6D: Specification for Pipeline and Piping API Standard
Valves
Full bore (FB) and Reduced bore (RB) both types of
valves are used as per respective valve standards. There is
Full Bore (FB) Ball Valves are used for smooth passage no requirement for pigging.
of pigs.
5 Welding
API Std. 1104: Welding of Pipelines and Related ASME Sec. IX: Standard for Welding and
Facilities Brazing Procedures, Welders, Brazers and
Welding and Brazing Operators
100% by Automatic UT or RT (by using X-Ray) 5% to 100% (mostly by using gamma ray source)
7 Analyses
- Wall Thickness Analysis - Piping wall thickness calculation [as input to Piping
- Elastic Bend Radius Analysis Material Specification (PMS)]
- Stability Analysis for Water Bodies/ Marshy Areas - Piping Stress Analysis (by Caesar II). Following
- Horizontal directional drilling design analysis analyses are performed on CAESAR II
- Railroad/ Highway Crossing Analysis
- Casing Pipe Analysis for Crossings
- Seismic Analysis Static Analysis
Dynamic Analysis
Wind Analysis
Flange Leakage Analysis
Seismic Analysis
8 Installation
9 Special Installations
10 Special Equipments
11 Survey
Painting
14 Hydrostatic testing
Gauge Plate run of 95% of ID of highest thickness of No gauge plate run is done. Generally card-board blasting
pipes is done to clean the piping.
1.25 times of Design Pressure (for 1.5 × Design Pressure × Temperature Factor
liquid pipelines)
1.25 to 1.5 times of Design Pressure (for Maximum:
gas pipelines)
15 Preservation
16 Communication System
17 Pigging
Intelligent Pigging Not applicable
OFFSHORE SYSTEM
SL. NO. Offshore PIPELINE Offshore PIPING
1 Design Codes
2 Installation
Subsea (in water on seabed or buried in seabed) Deck Platform Piping (similar to plant)
3 Survey (Subsea)
Geophysical survey/ Bathymetric Survey by using Not Applicable
side scan sonar, sub-bottom profiler and echo-
sounder
Met-Ocean data collection
Geo-technical data of the pipeline route
4 Pipes
Line pipes are utilized as per following specs: Assorted Pipes are utilized as per following specs:
5 Valves
Full bore Valves for smooth passage of intelligent pigs Reduced bore valves are utilised (as there is no
are utilized as per spec: requirement for pigging) as per spec:
6 Analyses
10 Welding
Welding is performed as per specification: Welding is performed as per specification:
API Std. 1104 : Welding of Pipelines and Related ASME Sec. IX : Standard for Welding and
Facilities Brazing Procedures, Welders, Brazers and
Welding and Brazing Operators
Mostly automatic welding on pipelay barge.
Manual welding at fabrication yard.
12 Special Equipments
13 Installation Equipment
S-lay Method (for shallow water installation) Along with deck structure
J-Lay Method (for deep water installation)
Shore pull/ barge pull near Land Fall Point (LFP)
15 Hydrostatic testing
16 NDT requirements
100% weld joints by RT or AUT Varies from 10% to 100% depending upon service.
17 Intelligent Pigging