International Union

of Pure and Applied

Chemistry

The International Union of Pure and

Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) /ˈaɪjuːpæk/ or
/ˈjuːpæk/ is an international federation of
National Adhering Organizations that
represents chemists in individual
countries. It is a member of the
International Council for Science (ICSU).[2]
IUPAC is registered in Zürich, Switzerland,
and the administrative office, known as the
"IUPAC Secretariat", is in Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina, United States. This
administrative office is headed by IUPAC's
executive director,[3] currently Lynn Soby.[4]
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
(IUPAC)

IUPAC logo

Abbreviation IUPAC

Motto Advancing Chemistry Worldwide

Formation 1919

Type INGO, standards organization

Headquarters Registered in Zürich, Switzerland

Secretariat in Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina, United
States

Region Worldwide
served
Official English
language
President Qi-Feng Zhou (China)[1]

Website IUPAC.org

IUPAC was established in 1919 as the

successor of the International Congress of
Applied Chemistry for the advancement of
chemistry. Its members, the National
Adhering Organizations, can be national
chemistry societies, national academies of
sciences, or other bodies representing
chemists. There are fifty-four National
Adhering Organizations and three
Associate National Adhering
Organizations.[2] IUPAC's Inter-divisional
Committee on Nomenclature and Symbols
(IUPAC nomenclature) is the recognized
world authority in developing standards for
the naming of the chemical elements and
compounds. Since its creation, IUPAC has
been run by many different committees
with different responsibilities.[5] These
committees run different projects which
include standardizing nomenclature,[6]
finding ways to bring chemistry to the
world,[7] and publishing works.[8][9][10]

IUPAC is best known for its works

standardizing nomenclature in chemistry
and other fields of science, but IUPAC has
publications in many fields including
chemistry, biology and physics.[11] Some
important work IUPAC has done in these
fields includes standardizing nucleotide
base sequence code names; publishing
books for environmental scientists,
chemists, and physicists; and improving
education in science.[11][12] IUPAC is also
known for standardizing the atomic
weights of the elements through one of its
oldest standing committees, the
Commission on Isotopic Abundances and
Atomic Weights (CIAAW).

Creation and history

Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz

The need for an international standard for

chemistry was first addressed in 1860 by a
committee headed by German scientist
Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz.
This committee was the first international
conference to create an international
naming system for organic compounds.[11]
The ideas that were formulated in that
conference evolved into the official IUPAC
nomenclature of organic chemistry.[11]
IUPAC stands as a legacy of this meeting,
making it one of the most important
historical international collaborations of
chemistry societies.[11] Since this time,
IUPAC has been the official organization
held with the responsibility of updating
and maintaining official organic
nomenclature.[13] IUPAC as such was
established in 1919.[14] One notable
country excluded from this early IUPAC is
Germany. Germany's exclusion was a
result of prejudice towards Germans by
the Allied powers after World War I.[15]
Germany was finally admitted into IUPAC
during 1929. However, Nazi Germany was
removed from IUPAC during World War II.
During World War II, IUPAC was affiliated
with the Allied powers, but had little
involvement during the war effort itself.
After the war, East and West Germany
were eventually readmitted to IUPAC.[15][16]
Since World War II, IUPAC has been
focused on standardizing nomenclature
and methods in science without
interruption.

In 2016, IUPAC denounced the use of

chlorine as a chemical weapon. The
organization pointed out their concerns in
a letter to Ahmet Üzümcü, the director of
the Organisation for the Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons (OPCW), in regards to
the practice of utilizing chlorine for
weapon usage in Syria among other
locations. The letter stated, "Our
organizations deplore the use of chlorine
in this manner. The indiscriminate attacks,
possibly carried out by a member state of
the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC),
is of concern to chemical scientists and
engineers around the globe and we stand
ready to support your mission of
implementing the CWC." According to the
CWC, "the use, stockpiling, distribution,
development or storage of any chemical
weapons is forbidden by any of the 192
state party signatories."[17]
Committees and governance
IUPAC is governed by several committees
that all have different responsibilities. The
committees are as follows: Bureau,
CHEMRAWN (Chem Research Applied to
World Needs) Committee, Committee on
Chemistry Education, Committee on
Chemistry and Industry, Committee on
Printed and Electronic Publications,
Evaluation Committee, Executive
Committee, Finance Committee,
Interdivisional Committee on Terminology,
Nomenclature and Symbols, Project
Committee, and Pure and Applied
Chemistry Editorial Advisory Board.[5] Each
committee is made up of members of
different National Adhering Organizations
from different countries.[2]

The steering committee hierarchy for

IUPAC is as follows:[18]

All committees have an allotted budget

to which they must adhere.
Any committee may start a project.
If a project's spending becomes too
much for a committee to continue
funding, it must take the issue to the
Project Committee.
The project committee either increases
the budget or decides on an external
funding plan.
The Bureau and Executive Committee
oversee operations of the other
committees.
Committees table
Committee name
Responsibilities
(abbreviation)

Discussing and making changes to which committee has authority

over a specific project

Bureau Controlling finances for all other committees and IUPAC as a

whole

Discussing general governance of IUPAC [19]

Physical and Biophysical

Organizing and promoting the international collaboration between
Chemistry Division
scientists in physical and biophysical chemistry and related fields
(Division I)

Inorganic Chemistry Inorganic and inorganic materials chemistry, isotopes and atomic
Division (Division II) weights, periodic table

Organic and
Promoting the goals of IUPAC in the field of organic and
Biomolecular Chemistry
biomolecular chemistry in the broadest sense
Division (Division III)

Polymer Division
The science and technology of macromolecules and polymers
(Division IV)

The general aspects of analytical chemistry, separation methods,

Analytical Chemistry spectrochemical methods, electrochemical methods, nuclear
Division (Division V) chemistry methods, and applications to human health and the
environment.

Chemistry and the

Providing unbiased and timely authoritative reviews on the
Environment Division
behavior of chemical compounds in food and the environment.
(Division VI)

Chemistry and Human

Health Division (Division Medicinal and clinical chemistry
VII)

Chemical Nomenclature
Maintaining and developing standard systems for designating
and Structure
chemical structures, including both conventional nomenclature
Representation Division
and computer-based systems.
(Division VIII)
CHEMRAWN Committee Discussing different ways chemistry can and should be used to
(Chem Research Applied help the world[7]
to World Needs)

Committee on Chemistry Coordinating IUPAC chemistry research with the educational

Education (CCE) systems of the world[20]

Committee on Chemistry Coordinating IUPAC chemistry research with industrial chemistry

and Industry (COCI) needs[21]

Committee on Electronic Designing and implementing IUPAC publications

and Printed Publications
(CPEP) Heading the Subcommittee on Spectroscopic Data Standards[22]

Evaluation Committee Evaluating every project

(EvC) Reporting back to the Executive Committee on every project[10]

Planning and discussing IUPAC events

Discussing IUPAC fundraising

Reviewing other committees' work[23]

Current officers of the Executive Committee:

Executive Committee
(EC) President: Moreau, Nicole J.

Vice president: Tatsumi, Kazuyuki

Treasurer: Corish, John

Secretary general: Black, David StC.[24]

Helping other committees properly manage their budgets

Finance Committee (FC)
Advising union officers on investments [25]

Managing IUPAC nomenclature

Interdivisional Working through many projects to standardize nomenclature
Committee on
Terminology (ICTNS) Standardizing measurements

Discussing atomic weight standardization[6]

Project Committee (PC) Managing funds that are under the jurisdiction of multiple projects

Judging if a project is too large for its funding

Recommending sources of external funding for projects

 Deciding how to fund meetings in developing countries and
countries in crisis[9]

Pure and Applied

Chemistry Editorial Helping to plan, implement, and publish Pure and Applied
Advisory Board (PAC- Chemistry[8]
EAB)

Nomenclature
IUPAC committee has a long history of
officially naming organic and inorganic
compounds. IUPAC nomenclature is
developed so that any compound can be
named under one set of standardized rules
to avoid duplicate names. The first
publication, which is information from the
International Congress of Applied
Chemistry,[26] on IUPAC nomenclature of
organic compounds, can be found from
the early 20th century in A Guide to IUPAC
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
(1900).

Organic nomenclature

IUPAC organic nomenclature has three

basic parts: the substituents, carbon chain
length and chemical ending.[13] The
substituents are any functional groups
attached to the main carbon chain. The
main carbon chain is the longest possible
continuous chain. The chemical ending
denotes what type of molecule it is. For
example, the ending ane denotes a single
bonded carbon chain, as in "hexane"
(C6H14).[27]
Another example of IUPAC organic
nomenclature is cyclohexanol:

Cyclohexanol

The substituent name for a ring

compound is cyclo.
The indication (substituent name) for a
six carbon chain is hex.
The chemical ending for a single bonded
carbon chain is ane
The chemical ending for an alcohol is ol
 The two chemical endings are combined
for an ending of anol indicating a single
bonded carbon chain with an alcohol
attached to it.[13][27][28]

Inorganic nomenclature

Basic IUPAC inorganic nomenclature has

two main parts: the cation and the anion.
The cation is the name for the positively
charged ion and the anion is the name for
the negatively charged ion.[13]

An example of IUPAC nomenclature of

inorganic chemistry is potassium chlorate
(KClO3):
Potassium chlorate

"Potassium" is the cation name.

"Chlorate" is the anion name.[13]

Amino acid and nucleotide

base codes
IUPAC also has a system for giving codes
to identify amino acids and nucleotide
bases. IUPAC needed a coding system that
represented long sequences of amino
acids. This would allow for these
sequences to be compared to try to find
homologies.[29] These codes can consist
of either a one letter code or a three letter
code.

These codes make it easier and shorter to

write down the amino acid sequences that
make up proteins. The nucleotide bases
are made up of purines (adenine and
guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine and
thymine or uracil). These nucleotide bases
make up DNA and RNA. These nucleotide
base codes make the genome of an
organism much smaller and easier to
read.[30]
Nucleic acid code Meaning Mnemonic

A A Adenine

C C Cytosine

G G Guanine

T T Thymine

U U Uracil

R A or G Purine

Y C, T or U Pyrimidines

K G, T or U Bases which are ketones

M A or C Bases with amino groups

S C or G Strong interaction

W A, T or U Weak interaction

B Not A (i.e. C, G, T or U) B comes after A

D Not C (i.e. A, G, T or U) D comes after C

H Not G (i.e., A, C, T or U) H comes after G

V Neither T nor U (i.e. A, C or G) V comes after U

N ACGTU Nucleic acid

X Masked

- Gap of indeterminate length

The codes for amino acids (24 amino

acids and three special codes) are:
Amino acid code Meaning

A Alanine

B Aspartic acid or asparagine

C Cysteine

D Aspartic acid

E Glutamic acid

F Phenylalanine

G Glycine

H Histidine

I Isoleucine

J Leucine or isoleucine

K Lysine

L Leucine

M Methionine

N Asparagine

O Pyrrolysine

P Proline

Q Glutamine

R Arginine

S Serine

T Threonine

U Selenocysteine

V Valine

W Tryptophan

Y Tyrosine

Z Glutamic acid or glutamine

X Any

* Translation stop

- Gap of indeterminate length

Publications
Non-series books
Book name Description

Principles and Practices of Method Validation is a book entailing methods of

Principles and validating and analyzing many analytes taken from a single aliquot.[31] Also,
Practices of this book goes over techniques for analyzing many samples at once. Some
Method methods discussed include: chromatographic methods, estimation of effects,
Validation matrix induced effects, and the effect of an equipment setup on an
experiment.[31]

Fundamental Toxicology is a textbook that proposes a curriculum for

toxicology courses.[32] Fundamental Toxicology is based on the book
Fundamental Toxicology for Chemists.[33] Fundamental Toxicology is enhanced
Fundamental
through many revisions and updates. New information added in the revisions
Toxicology
includes: risk assessment and management; reproductive toxicology;
behavioral toxicology; and ecotoxicology.[33] This book is relatively well
received as being useful for reviewing chemical toxicology.[32]

Macromolecular Symposia is a journal that publishes fourteen issues a year.

This journal includes contributions to the macromolecular chemistry and
Macromolecular
physics field. The meetings of IUPAC are included in this journal along with
Symposia
the European Polymer Federation, the American Chemical Society, and the
Society of Polymer Science in Japan.[34]

Experimental Thermodynamics
book series

The Experimental Thermodynamics books

series covers many topics in the fields of
thermodynamics.
 Book Description

Measurement of the Transport Properties of Fluids is a book that is published

Measurement by Blackwell Science. The topics that are included in this book are low and
of the Transport high temperature measurements, secondary coefficients, diffusion
Properties of coefficients, light scattering, transient methods for thermal conductivity,
Fluids methods for thermal conductivity, falling-body viscometers, and vibrating
viscometers.[35]

Solution Calorimetry is a book that gives background information on thermal

analysis and calorimetry. Thermoanalytical and calorimetric techniques along
Solution
with thermodynamic and kinetic properties are also discussed. Later volumes
Calorimetry
of this book discuss the applications and principles of these thermodynamic
and kinetic methods.[36]

Equations of State for Fluids and Fluid Mixtures Part I is a book that gives up to
date equations of state for fluids and fluid mixtures. This book covers all ways
to develop equations of state. It gives the strengths and weaknesses of each
Equations of
equation. Some equations discussed include: virial equation of state cubic
State for Fluids
equations; generalized Van der Waals equations; integral equations;
and Fluid
perturbation theory; and stating and mixing rules. Other things that Equations
Mixtures Part I
of State for Fluids and Fluid Mixtures Part I goes over are: associating fluids,
polymer systems, polydisperse fluids, self-assembled systems, ionic fluids,
and fluids near their critical points.[37]

Measurement of the Thermodynamic Properties of Single Phases is a book that

Measurement
gives an overview of techniques for measuring the thermodynamic quantities
of the
of single phases. It also goes into experimental techniques to test many
Thermodynamic
different thermodynamic states precisely and accurately. Measurement of the
Properties of
Thermodynamic Properties of Single Phases was written for people interested
Single Phases
in measuring thermodynamic properties.[38]

Measurement Measurement of the Thermodynamic Properties of Multiple Phases is a book

of the that includes multiple techniques that are used to study multiple phases of
Thermodynamic pure component systems. Also included in this book are the measurement

techniques to obtain activity coefficients, interfacial tension, and critical

Properties of parameters. This book was written for researchers and graduate students as a
Multiple Phases reference source.[39]

Series of books on analytical

and physical chemistry of
environmental systems
 Book name Description

Atmospheric Particles is a book that delves into aerosol science. This book is
aimed as a reference for graduate students and atmospheric researchers.
Atmospheric Particles goes into depth on the properties of aerosols in the
Atmospheric
atmosphere and their effect. Topics covered in this book are: acid rain; heavy
Particles
metal pollution; global warming; and photochemical smog. Atmospheric
Particles also covers techniques to analyze the atmosphere and ways to take
atmospheric samples.[40]

Environmental Colloids and Particles: Behaviour, Separation and

Environmental Characterisation is a book that discusses environmental colloids and current
Colloids and information available on them. This book focuses on environmental colloids
Particles: and particles in aquatic systems and soils. It also goes over techniques such
Behaviour, as: techniques for sampling environmental colloids, size fractionation, and
Separation and how to characterize of colloids and particles. Environmental Colloids and
Characterisation Particles: Behaviour, Separation and Characterisation also delves into how
these colloids and particles interact.[41]

Biophysical Chemistry of Fractal Structures and Processes in Environmental

Biophysical Systems is meant to give an overview of a technique based on fractal
Chemistry of geometry and the processes of environmental systems. This book gives
Fractal ideas on how to use fractal geometry to compare and contrast different
Structures and ecosystems. It also gives an overview of the knowledge needed to solve
Processes in environmental problems. Finally, Biophysical Chemistry of Fractal Structures
Environmental and Processes in Environmental Systems shows how to use the fractal
Systems approach to understand the reactivity of flocs, sediments, soils,
microorganisms and humic substances.[42]

Interactions Interactions Between Soil Particles and Microorganisms: Impact on the

Between Soil Terrestrial Ecosystem is meant to be read by chemists and biologists that
Particles and study environmental systems. Also, this book should be used as a reference
Microorganisms: for earth scientists, environmental geologists, environmental engineers, and
Impact on the professionals in microbiology and ecology. Interactions Between Soil Particles
Terrestrial and Microorganisms: Impact on the Terrestrial Ecosystem is about how
Ecosystem minerals, microorganisms, and organic components work together to affect
 terrestrial systems. This book identifies that there are many different
techniques and theories about minerals, microorganisms, and organic
components individually, but they are not often associated with each other. It
further goes on to discuss how these components of soil work together to
affect terrestrial life. Interactions Between Soil Particles and Microorganisms:
Impact on the Terrestrial Ecosystem gives techniques to analyze minerals,
microorganisms, and organic components together. This book also has a
large section positing why environmental scientists working in the specific
fields of minerals, microorganisms, and organic components of soil should
work together and how they should do so.[43]

The Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater is a book that describes how low

concentrations of iron in Antarctica and the Pacific Ocean are a result of
The
reduced chlorophyll for phytoplankton production.[44] It does this by reviewing
Biogeochemistry
information from research in the 1990s. This book goes into depth about:
of Iron in
chemical speciation; analytical techniques; transformation of iron; how iron
Seawater
limits the development of high nutrient low chlorophyll areas in the Pacific
Ocean.[45]

In Situ In Situ Monitoring of Aquatic Systems: Chemical Analysis and Speciation is a

Monitoring of book that discusses techniques and devices to monitor aquatic systems and
Aquatic how new devices and techniques can be developed. This book emphasizes
Systems: the future use of micro-analytical monitoring techniques and
Chemical microtechnology. In Situ Monitoring of Aquatic Systems: Chemical Analysis
Analysis and and Speciation is aimed at researchers and laboratories that analyze aquatic
Speciation systems such as rivers, lakes, and oceans.[46]

Structure and Surface Reactions of Soil Particles is a book about soil

structures and the molecular processes that occur in soil. Structure and
Structure and
Surface Reactions of Soil Particles is aimed at any researcher researching soil
Surface
or in the field of anthropology. It goes into depth on topics such as: fractal
Reactions of Soil
analysis of particle dimensions; computer modeling of the structure;
Particles
reactivity of humics; applications of atomic force microscopy; and advanced
instrumentation for analysis of soil particles.[47]

Metal Speciation Metal Speciation and Bioavailability in Aquatic Systems, Series on Analytical
and and Physical Chemistry of Environmental Systems Vol. 3 is a book about the
Bioavailability in effect of trace metals on aquatic life.[48] This book is considered a specialty
Aquatic book for researchers interested in observing the effect of trace metals in the
Systems, Series water supply. This book includes techniques to assess how bioassays can be
on Analytical used to evaluate how an organism is affected by trace metals. Also, Metal
and Physical Speciation and Bioavailability in Aquatic Systems, Series on Analytical and
Chemistry of Physical Chemistry of Environmental Systems Vol. 3 looks at the limitations of
Environmental the use of bioassays to observe the effects of trace metals on organisms.
Systems Vol. 3

Physicochemical Kinetics and Transport at Biointerfaces is a book created to

Physicochemical aid environmental scientists in field work. The book gives an overview of
Kinetics and chemical mechanisms, transport, kinetics, and interactions that occur in
Transport at environmental systems. Physicochemical Kinetics and Transport at
Biointerfaces Biointerfaces continues from where Metal Speciation and Bioavailability in
Aquatic Systems leaves off.[49]

Colored cover book and

website series (nomenclature)

IUPAC color code their books in order to

make each publication distinguishable.[11]
 Title Description

One extensive book on almost all nomenclature written (IUPAC nomenclature of

organic chemistry and IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry) by IUPAC
Compendium committee is the Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature – The Orange Book,
[50]
of Analytical 1st edition (1978) This book was revised in 1987. The second edition has
Nomenclature many revisions that come from reports on nomenclature between 1976 and
1984.[51] In 1992, the second edition went through many different revisions
which led to the third edition.[51]

Pure and Applied Chemistry is the official monthly journal of IUPAC. This journal
debuted in 1960. The goal statement for Pure and Applied Chemistry is to
"publish highly topical and credible works at the forefront of all aspects of pure
and applied chemistry."[52] The journal itself is available by subscription, but
older issues are available in the archive on IUPAC's website.

Pure and Applied Chemistry was created as a central way to publish IUPAC
Pure and
endorsed articles.[53] Before its creation, IUPAC did not have a quick, official way
Applied
to distribute new chemistry information.
Chemistry
(journal) Its creation was first suggested at the Paris IUPAC Meeting of 1957.[53] During
this meeting the commercial publisher of the journal was discussed and
decided on. In 1959, IUPAC Pure and Applied Chemistry Editorial Advisory Board
was created and put in charge of the journal. The idea of one journal being a
definitive place for a vast amount of chemistry was difficult for the committee to
grasp at first.[53] However, it was decided that the journal would reprint old
journal editions to keep all chemistry knowledge available.

Compendium The Compendium of Chemical Terminology, also known as the "Gold Book", was
of Chemical originally worked on by Victor Gold. This book is a collection of names and
Terminology terms already discussed in Pure and Applied Chemistry.[54] The Compendium of
Chemical Terminology was first published in 1987.[11] The first edition of this
book contains no original material, but is meant to be a compilation of other
IUPAC works.

The second edition of this book was published in 1997.[28] This book made large
changes to the first edition of the Compendium of Chemical Terminology. These
 changes included updated material and an expansion of the book to include
over seven thousand terms.[28] The second edition was the topic of an IUPAC
XML project. This project made an XML version of the book that includes over
seven thousand terms. The XML version of the book includes an open editing
policy, which allows users to add excerpts of the written version.[28]

IUPAC
Nomenclature IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, also known as the "Blue Book", is a
of Organic website published by the Advanced Chemistry Department Incorporated with the
Chemistry permission of IUPAC. This site is a compilation of the books A Guide to IUPAC
(online Nomenclature of Organic Compounds and Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.[55]
publication)

International Year of
Chemistry

International Year of Chemistry logo

IUPAC and UNESCO were the lead
organizations coordinating events for the
International Year of Chemistry, which
took place in 2011.[56][57] The International
Year of Chemistry was originally proposed
by IUPAC at the general assembly in Turin,
Italy.[58] This motion was adopted by
UNESCO at a meeting in 2008.[58] The
main objectives of the International Year
of Chemistry were to increase public
appreciation of chemistry and gain more
interest in the world of chemistry. This
event is also being held to encourage
young people to get involved and
contribute to chemistry. A further reason
for this event being held is to honour how
chemistry has made improvements to
everyone's way of life.[12]

See also
CAS registry number
Chemical nomenclature
Commission on Isotopic Abundances
and Atomic Weights
European Association for Chemical and
Molecular Sciences
Institute for Reference Materials and
Measurements (IRMM)
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)
 International Union of Pure and Applied
Physics (IUPAP)
International Union of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology (IUBMB)
List of chemical elements naming
controversies
National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST)
Simplified molecular-input line-entry
system (SMILES)

References
1. "Our Leadership" . IUPAC. Retrieved
5 January 2018.
2. "IUPAC National Adhering
Organizations" . Iupac.org. 2 June 2011.
Archived from the original on 4 June 2011.
Retrieved 8 June 2011.
3. "IUPAC Council Agenda Book 2009"
(PDF). IUPAC. 2009. Archived (PDF) from the
original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 17 April
2010.
4. "IUPAC contacts" . Retrieved 25 October
2015.
5. IUPAC Committees list Archived 4
January 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
6. Interdivisional Committee on
Terminology web page Archived 9 October
2010 at the Wayback Machine. retrieved 15
April 2010
7. Chemdrawn Archived 6 July 2008 at the
Wayback Machine. retrieved 15 April 2010
8. Pure and Applied Chemistry Editorial
Advisory Board web page Archived 9
October 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
9. "Project Committee web page" .
Iupac.org. 2 June 2011. Archived from the
original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 8 June
2011.
10. Evaluation Committee page Archived
9 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
11. Fennel, R.W. (1994). History of IUPAC,
1919–1987. Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-
86542-878-6.
12. IYC: Introduction. Archived 8 October
2011 at the Wayback Machine. 9 July 2009.
Retrieved on 17 February 2010. Retrieved
15 April 2010
13. Brown, Theodore L.; H. Eugene LeMay
Jr, Bruce E Bursten (2006). Chemistry The
Central Science Tenth Edition. Pearson
Books. ISBN 0-13-109686-9.
14. International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry: About Archived 2012-12-14 at
the Wayback Machine.. IUPAC. Retrieved on
2013-07-29.
15. Kaderas, Brigitte (2002).
Wissenschaften und Wissenschaftspolitik:
Bestandsaufnahmen zu Formationen,
Brüchen und Kontinuitäten im Deutschland
des 20. Jahrhunderts (in German). Franz
Steiner Verlag. ISBN 3-515-08111-9.
16. O'Sullivan, Dermot A. (1973). "IUPAC
raises dues, ponders industry's role" .
Chemical & Engineering News. American
Chemical Society. 51 (38): 10.
doi:10.1021/cen-v051n038.p010 . Retrieved
2016-06-11.
17. "International chemical industry
condemns the use of chlorine as a
weapon" . Homeland Preparedness News. 1
December 2016. Archived from the original
on 1 September 2017. Retrieved
8 December 2016.
18. IUPAC Project Committee Archived 29
June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
19. IUPAC news and references Archived
26 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
20. Chemistry Education Archived 23
August 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
21. Chemistry and Industry Archived 23
August 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
22. Committee on Electronic and Printed
Publications webpage Archived 30 March
2010 at the Wayback Machine. retrieved 15
April 2010
23. Executive Committee meeting retrieved
15 April 2010
24. Executive Committee Page Archived
23 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
25. Finance Committee web page
Archived 23 August 2010 at the Wayback
Machine. retrieved 15 April 2010
26. IUPAC Publications List Archived 9
May 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
27. Klein, David R. (2008). Organic
Chemistry I As a Second Language:
Translating the Basic Concepts Second
Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 978-0-
470-12929-6.
28. "Gold Book web page" . Old.iupac.org.
19 October 2006. Archived from the
original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 8 June
2011.
29. Amino Acid Codes Archived 5
February 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
30. Amino Acid and Nucleotide Base
Codes Archived 12 July 2009 at the
Wayback Machine. retrieved 15 April 2010
31. Flipkart Review of Principles and
Practices of Method Validation Archived
12 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
32. Fundamental Toxicology review on
amazon retrieved 15 April 2010
33. Fundamental Toxicology review on
rsc.org Archived 7 January 2009 at the
Wayback Machine. retrieved 15 April 2010
34. Macromolecular Symposia Archived 3
March 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
35. Measurement of the Transport
Properties of Fluids review on Amazon
retrieved 15 April 2010
36. Solution Calorimetry review on Amazon
retrieved 15 April 2010
37. Equations of State for Fluids and Fluid
Mixtures part I review on Amazon retrieved
15 April 2010
38. Flipkart review of Measurement of the
Thermodynamic properties of Single
Phases retrieved 15 April 2010
39. Measurement of the Thermodynamic
Properties of Multiple Phases review on
Amazon retrieved 15 April 2010
40. Flipkart review of Atmospheric
Particles retrieved 15 April 2010
41. Amazon Review of Environmental
Colloids and Particles: Behaviour,
Separation, and Characterisation retrieved
15 April 2010
42. Wiley on Biophysical Chemistry of
Fractal Structures and Processes in
Environmental Systems Archived 7 June
2011 at the Wayback Machine.. New York:
Wiley. Retrieved 15 April 2010
43. Flipkart review of Interactions Between
Soil Particles and Microorganisms: Impact
on the Terrestrial Ecosystem . Retrieved 15
April 2010.
44. SciTech Book News, Vol. 26, No. 2, June
2002.
45. Review of Biogeochemistry of Iron in
Seawater retrieved 15 April 2010
46. Review of In Situ Monitoring of Aquatic
Systems: Chemical Analysis and Speciation
from Barnes and Noble Archived 7 June
2011 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved
15 April 2010
47. Review of Structure and Surface
Reactions of Soil Particles Archived 21
July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
48. Metal Speciation and Bioavailability in
Aquatic Systems . Series on Analytical and
Physical Chemistry of Environmental
Systems Vol. 3. Review on Amazon.
Retrieved 15 April 2010
49. Physicochemical Kinetics and Transport
at Biointerfaces review retrieved 15 April
2010
50. IUPAC orange book publication history
51. Orange Book Preamble Archived 8
February 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
52. IUPAC Pure and Applied Chemistry
Archived 11 June 2012 at the Wayback
Machine. retrieved 15 April 2010
53. IUPAC Pure and Applied Chemistry
Issue 1 Archived 4 October 2011 at the
Wayback Machine. retrieved 15 April 2010
54. Gold Book Online Archived 24
November 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
55. Online version of Blue Book Archived 8
June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
retrieved 15 April 2010
56. United Nations Resolution 63/209:
International Year of Chemistry. Archived
5 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine. 3
February 2009. Retrieved on 24 April 2010.
57. About IYC: Introduction. Archived 12
June 2010 at the Wayback Machine. 9 July
2009. Retrieved on 24 April 2010.
58. "International Year of Chemistry
Prospectus" . Portal.acs.org. Archived from
the original on 5 November 2011. Retrieved
8 June 2011.
External links
Official website
Panel on Biochemical Thermodynamics
(1994). "Recommendations for
nomenclature and tables in biochemical
thermodynamics" . G. P. Moss, Queen
Mary University of London.

Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Che
mistry&oldid=818698901"

Last edited 19 days ago by Mz7

Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless
otherwise noted.