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Natural Resource Issues

Water quality
Solid waste
disposal

Floods
Land Wildlife habitat
Conservation

World Record of Natural Disasters

350 natural
disaster
events from
1901 to
2000

Asian Disaster
Reduction
Volcano Center Storms/
eruptions (ADRC), OFDA, Typhoons
rank 3rd CRED rank 1 st
International
Disaster

Both
earthquakes
and floods
rank 2nd

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Some Facts and Figures About Water

Ratified by 145
Covenant on Economic,
countries in Social and Cultural Rights
November 2002 (CESCR)

Equitable
Access to Safe
Fundamental Human Right & Secure
Drinking Water

Some Facts and Figures About Water

Global Water Supply and

WHO/UNICEF Sanitation 2008
Assessment

2.4 billion to
1.1 billion people lack improved
access to improved water sanitation
supply

Some Facts and Figures About Water

Scarcity of
Year 2025
Drinkable Water

Abstraction increases by
50% in developing
Worsen the
countries ecosystems

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Some Facts and Figures About Water

1,085,000 to
Health in 2008 2,187,000 deaths

water,
90% children under sanitation and
hygiene’ risk
five factor

Some Facts and Figures About Water

Worldwide Water Withdrawal Uses

22% for
70% for agriculture industry and
8% for
domestic
services

Some Facts and Figures About Water

60% of the world’s 227

largest rivers are
integrity of free- strongly to moderately
flowing rivers fragmented by dams,
threatened diversions and canals,
and a high rate of dam
construction in the
developing

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Some Facts and Figures About Water

rises in the ocean level (in

the range of 0.09 to 0.88
metres for the same period)
global warming and, as a consequence of
the availability of more
effects energy in the climate
system, an intensification of
the global hydrological
cycle.

Water Resources Problems and Issues

 Growing population and dwindling

resources
 Water pollution
 Denuded watershed and increasing urban
development
 Competing uses
 Flooding
 Environmental concerns
 Climate change

Overpopulation/Urbanization and Dwindling Resources

Crowds in a Modern City

Denuded Shorelines

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Water Pollution

Pollution from Industries

River Pollution

Landslides in Southern Leyte

Floods in Asia

South Korea Japan

Philippines Vietnam

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Floods

Floods in Metro Manila

Flash Flood in Ormoc City

Storms and Typhoons

Deforestation

…and slash & burn farming

Over logging….

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Oil Spills

Global Warming and El Niño

Phenomenon

Environmental Concerns

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Competing Uses of Water

Rapid Urbanization- 18 million people in MM

Growth in Factory Farms

Increased Pollution
Polluted
Runoff is the
number
ONE water
quality
problem in
the Metro
Manila today.

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Water Conflict in the Philippines

18% can be withdrawn

from the renewable
freshwater supply for
domestic use
21 percent for industrial
use and 61 percent for
agricultural use

67% has access to clean

drinking water & 35% has
access to water for
sanitation

Water Conflict in the Philippines

water resources
nationwide are
inadequately protected,
conserved and
rehabilitated
no Code of Conduct for
the water and sanitation
sector
policies and guidelines
of the Philippine Water
Supply Systems are
inadequately
implemented

Water Resources Crisis

Is Philippines a
‘water-rich’
country?
Climate change: water
scarcity
Droughts and floods
Urban people w/o access
to potable water
Urban people w/o access
to sanitation
Groundwater ‘mining’
Water pollution
Aging water infrastructure

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Immediate Concern

Understanding the
vulnerability of
Philippine’s water
resources to nature’s
wrath and man-made
destruction is vitally
important.

Specialized Course

Hydraulic & Water

Resources Engineering
(HWRE)

Global Circulation,
Distribution & Movement
of Water

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Scope of HWRE
 Water Resources
Engineering is
focusing on
engineering aspects
of managing &
planning water
resources in soil,
ground, rivers and
lakes.

Scope of HWRE
 Hydraulics or
applied fluid
mechanics deal
mainly with the
flow of water and
forces caused by
the motion of the
fluid.

Scope of HWRE
 Hydrology
describes water
transport
processes in the
environment of
man.

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Water Resources Engineering Division

Part I
Part III

HYDRAULICS
ENGINEERING & DESIGN
FOR WATER USE
Part II

Part IV
HYDROLOGY

ENGINEERING & DESIGN

FOR WATER EXCESS
MANAGEMENT

Scope of Water Resources Engineering

Uses of Water Hydrologic

Processes

Groundwater
Water Distribution Flow Processes
System Design

Hydropower & Energy

Analysis

Water Excess Management

Flood Control Storm Water Control
Risked-Based Analysis

Scope of Water Resources Management

Water Supply Water Excess Environmental

Management Management Restoration

Biological Engineer- Physical Social

Sciences ing Sciences Sciences

Ecology Agriculture Chemistry Economics

Plant Science Chemical Climatology Education
Entomology Civil Computer Science Geography
Fisheries Environmental Geology History
Food Technology Industrial Hydrology Law
Forestry Mechanical Mathematics Planning
Horticulture Systems Meteorology Political Science
Limnology Oceanography Public Admin.
Marine Science Physics Resource Dev.
Microbiology Soil Science Sociology
Public Health Statistics
Zoology

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Special Courses

Course Description Units

SESAENG Sewerage and Sanitation Engineering 2
IRRIGEN Irrigation Engineering 2
WAPOWES Water Power and Supply 2
WADSPAM Watershed Planning, Development and 3
M anagement
WATERES Water Resources Engineering 3
RICOSEN River and Coastal Engineering 3

HWRE Applications
 Water Supply
 Sewerage and Sanitation
 Irrigation
 Flood Control and Drainage
 Hydroelectric Power Generation
 River Basin Planning
 Integrated Water Resources Development
and Management

Water Supply

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Water Supply

Irrigation

Control Structure/Spillway

Irrigation Canal

Flood Control & Drainage

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Flood Control & Drainage

Hydropower Generation
Dam and Power Plant Below

Dam and Spillway

Multi-purpose Dams

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River Basin Planning

River Basin Map with Stream Gauging Stations

Integrated Water Resources

Development and Management

Career Prospects in HWRE

 Hydraulic engineer  Local government

 Hydrologist engineer
 Sanitary engineer  Water resources
 Pipeline engineer engineer
 Irrigation engineer  Water related
structural engineer
 Drainage engineer
 Planner
 Harbor engineer
 Educator
 Consultant

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Career Opportunities in HWRE

 In Academia
- teaching faculty in engineering schools with
extension services; research to advance state-
of-the-art
- opportunities for MSc and Ph.D. education
 In Public Practice
- involved in city & regional planning, layout &
construction of highways & pipelines
- MWSS, LWUA, NAPOCOR, NIA, DPWH;
- opportunities for foreign scholarships;
- could also teach part-time in local colleges
and universities

Career Opportunities in HWRE

 In Private Practice
- plans, designs, constructs and operates physical
works & facilities used by the public
- private developers (Ayala, Fort Bonifacio), large
corporations (SMC), economic zones & technology
parks (Bataan, Laguna, Subic) need engineers to
keep water and wastewater systems running, and
water sources developed and maintained.

Career Opportunities in HWRE

 In Engineering Consultancy
-there is demand for qualified water resources
engineers in local consulting firms;
- opportunities to learn from senior colleagues &
foreign counterparts in large joint venture contracts
- trend in ADB, World Bank, to hire more local
consultants from the region

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Career Opportunities in HWRE

 In International Civil Service

- many engineers that started with government
and consulting firms and did well ended being
recruited in UN agencies like FAO, ESCAP, UNDP,
UNICEF, WHO, etc. and funding institutions like
World Bank and ADB as staff or consultants (long-
term and short-term)

Career Opportunities in HWRE

 In Combination with other Disciplines

- Civil engineering can be combined with
other degrees such as Engineering
Geologist, Engineering Economist, or
Engineer/Lawyer

Become an Expert in:

 Water Quality
› Water and Wastewater Treatment
› Treatment Wetland Design
› Contaminant Fate and Transport
› Water Chemistry

 Water Resources
› River Restoration and Channel
Design
› Fish Passage
› Groundwater Remediation
› Water Resources Planning and
M anagement
› Groundwater Development

(Yes, this is a BAD culvert!)

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Become an Expert in:

 Energy Resources
› Renewable Energy
› Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
Technology
› Building Energy Analysis
› Advanced Thermodynamics

 Geoenvironmental
Engineering
› Landfill Design
› Hazardous Waste Remediation
› Soil Chemistry

 Indoor Air Quality

› Building Disinfection
› Surface Chemistry

What Do You Want To Do?

Environmental
Mechanical
Resources Civil Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
Water Quality Water Quality Mechanical Systems

Water Resources Water Resources Mechanical Design

Energy Resources Structures Energy Systems

Geoenvironmental Engr. Geotechnical Engr. Materials Science

Indoor Air Quality Transportation Automotive/Aerospace

Communities can
grow while still
protecting water
and other natural
resources.

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Be a
water
specialist!

The End

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