e. On the circuit of Figure 2, set the Vi =15 V, adjust the value of R2 and fill up the table below.

R2 (ohms) 500 1000 2200 10000

VFL 2.813 2.872 2.944 2.962
VNL − VFL
VR = 16.08% 14.3198% 12.1718% 11.6348%
VNL

What can you say about the output voltage?

The output voltage is now a lot lesser than the Vi. The values are increasing as the
load resistance increases but they still have a poor voltage regulation because all values are
far from the ideal 0% regulation.

Is the regulator maintaining its output voltage?

Yes because the circuit is expected to produce a constant or regulated output voltage.
Which type of series regulator you preferred to use and why?
The group prefers the improved series regulator because its voltage regulation is
smaller and the value is nearly zero, which means that it is more productive than the
simple series regulation.
OBSERVATION:
For the pre-laboratory experiment, the group encountered two types of series regulators.
The first one which is the simple series regulator circuit and the second one which is the
improved series regulator circuit. Referring to the data gathered when the two circuits were
simulated, the improved series regulator circuit comes out as the more efficient one. Even when
the percent regulation is taken, the improved series regulator circuit is still the better one.

For Table 4-1 the input voltages were varied. At 4 volts, the output voltage is 1.667
volts. At 9 volts, the output voltage is 1.958 volts. At 10 volts, the output voltage is 2.048 volts.
At 11 volts, the output voltage is 2.052 volts. At 12 volts, the output voltage is 2.097 volts. At 15
volts, the output voltage is 2.206 volts. At 20 volts, the output voltage is 2.311 volts. Looking at
the results or data gathered, one will notice that as the input voltage in a simple series regulator
increases, the output voltage also increases. Same goes with the current flowing through the
circuit. All parameters mentioned above are directly proportional with each other. For Table-2,
the same thing is done but this time, the resistance is varied and the voltage at full load is taken.
The voltage at full load is then compared to the no load voltage which is 15.23 volts. The group
has noticed that as the load resistance value is increased, the percent voltage regulation decreases
which is a good thing since it gets closer to zero.

For Table 4-1 of the improved series regulator circuit, the same thing is done as the
series regulator voltage where the value of the resistor is varied. From the data gathered, the
group has seen the relationship of the parameters. As the value of the resistor increases, the full
load voltage also increases. This increase in the full load voltage causes the percent regulation to
decrease.

Looking at the two circuits and comparing their results, one can conclude that the
improved series regulator circuit is better than the simple series circuit. The theoretical and
measured data gathered validates the Multisim values where the improved series regulator circuit
is a better option.