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Synchronous Machine Modeling and Simulation

A. Tovar, EPN


Abstract— In this work the mathematical model is analized
to describe the synchronous generator. Basic principle,
application field and equivalent circuit of synchronous
generator are explained. Simulation model of synchronous
generator using Matlab is given for the to forms of the Park’s
Transformation. Starting from a Matlab code for the simulation
of the SM using the Park’s transformation for the negative q- For the reverse transformation, the equation is:
axis, some changes are made to adapt the code to the standart
model of the SM proposed in the IEEE-1110.
Finally the same machine is simulated by using the SM
model in the SimPowerSystems from simulink. Essential
parameters used for simulation are given. Usage of model for
different testing and analysis is proposed.

I. INTRODUCTION

A ny kind of modeling of electrical machine such as

synchronous generator starts with measurements on real
model because it is necessary to determine all essential
III. SIMULATION OF THE SM MACHINE
A. Three – Phase Fault for the standart d-q-0 transformation
parameters. The other possibility is to obtain generator
parameters from manufacturer or determinate our own
The results for the d-q-0 current were:
parameters if generator prototype is being build.

II. MODEL OF THE SM MACHINE

This is the most complex mathematical model of
synchronous generator. This model is used in Matlab
SimPowerSystems and it neglects asymmetry of stator
windings, higher harmonics of flow in air gap, parameter
changing because of external condition (such is temperature),
nonlinearity of iron magnetic characteristics, skin effect in
stator and rotor windings and iron losses. For needs of analysis
and synthesis of excitation system from mathematical model of
any kind of complexity, equations are determined for different Fig. 1 d, q, 0 current fo the three-phase fault
kind of work modes.
As fig. 1 shows there is not zero sequence current due to the
Analizing the Magnetically coupled circuits the model of nature of the balanced fault, after the fault the system tend to
the three-phase SM machine can be represented in the direct normal operation values.
and quadrature axis by using the CP matrix, with S
representing the variable to be transformed, the d-q-0 The field current increases to compensate the requirements
transformation can be written as. of the fault, then it comes back to the normal values
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Fig. 2 field current during a fault Fig. 5 d,q, and zero sequence currents during the fault
The field current in the generator is:
The behavior of the speed was:

Fig. 6 current in the generator

For the speed in the generator:

Fig. 3 speed of the generator

And the current of the three-phase current:

Fig. 7 speed in the generator

For the current at each phase:

Fig. 4 currents in the generator during the fault

As it was supposed, current increases at each phase, but after

the fault the system stabilizes in normal values.
B. Single-phase fault for the standart model

The nature of the fault produces a zero-sequence current,

as shown in figure 5.

Fig. 8 currents in the generator

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C. Simulation of a three-phase fault of a SM Machine with

the standart model
Due to the change of the direction of the q-axis it is
necessary to change the sign to minus on the Cp matrix in the
following way:

Fig. 9 Changes on the code to adapt to the IEEE-1110 standart

The results of the simulation are:

Fig. 13 speed of the generator

The currents on the phases has the following behavior.

Fig. 10 Simulation of the d, q, 0 currents of the SM

As supposed the current increases during the fault and then

returns to the normal values.

For the field current, it also increases during the fault and
then returns to the normal values.

Fig. 14 currents during the fault

D. Simulation of a single-phase fault of a SM Machine with

the standart model

The Simulation is the following.

Fig. 11 field current

The speed of the generator tend to decrease during the fault

and then recover to the synchronous speed as it is shown figure
12.
Fig. 15 d, q and zero sequence currents
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Fig. 16 speed of the generator

Fig. 17 field current during the fault

Fig. 17 currents during the fault

IV. SIMULATION OF THE MACHINE USING THE SIM

POWER SYSTEMS LIBRARY
In the Simulink library is available a block with the model
of the synchronous machine.