History 100

Quiz 2 Review Guide

Terms

• Christopher Columbus-- HE IS FINALLY TO CONVINCE THE SPANISH

MONARCH TO FINANCE HIS TRIP. KING ELIZABETH AND
FERDINAND. 1492 HE THINKS HE LANDED IN INDIA BUT HE
ACTUALLY HE LANDED IN THE BAHAMAS. HE SAID THAT THESE
INDIAS ARE VERY GENTLE THAT THEY DON’T KNOW ANY EVIL. HE
REALLY NEVER FINDS GOLD BUT HE GET GLORY AND BECOMES AN
INTERNATIONAL HERO.

• Ferdinand Magellan-- AROUND THE WORLD (1519-1520) FIRST

EXPEDITION TO SAIL FROM THE ATLANTIC OCEAN INTO THE
PACIFIC

• The Treaty of Tordesillas-- DIVIDING THE WORLD BETWEEN

PORTUGAL AND SPAIN: TREATY OF TORDESILLAS (1494)

• The Columbian Exchange

NEW WORLD OLD WORLD

FOODSTUFFS, CORN, POTATOES, FOODSTUFFS WHEAT, SUGAR, RICE,
BEANS COFFEE
PRECIOUS METALS: GOLD, SILVER LIVESTOCK: HORSES, COWS, PIGS
TOBACCO DISEASES: SMALLPOX, MEASLES

• The Triangle Trade—16th and 18th century STARTS IN EUROPE, THE TO

AFRICA WHERE THEY EXCHANGE TEXTILES, RUM AND
MANUFACTURED GOOD TO AFRICA IN EXCHANGE FOR SLAVE, THEN
THE SLAVES ARE SENT TO AMERICA.

• The Middle Passage (slavery)—JOURNEY FROM AFRICA TO THE NEW

WORLD.
• Jamestown (1607)- was the first successful English settlement on the mainland of
North America. Named for King James I of England, Jamestown was founded in
the Virginia Colony on May 14, 1607
• French and Indian War- is the common U.S. name for the war between Great
Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763.
• Boston Tea Party--On December 16, 1773, after officials in Boston refused to
return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain, a group of colonists boarded the
ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor. The incident
remains an iconic event of American history, and other political protests often
refer to it.
• Thomas Paine-- His principal contributions were the powerful, widely read
pamphlet Common Sense (1776), advocating colonial America's independence
from the Kingdom of Great Britain,
• George Washington-- served as the first constitutional President of the United
States from 1789 to 1797,[4][5][6] preceded by 14 other Presidents who were elected
by Congress, known as the "Forgotten Presidents", and as the commander of the
Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783. His
role in the revolution and subsequent independence and formation of the United
States was significant, and is seen by Americans as the "Father of Our Country"

• The Tennis Court Oath(1789)- The Oath signified the first time that French
citizens formally stood in opposition to Louis XVI, and the National Assembly's
refusal to back down forced the king to make concessions. The Oath also inspired
a wide variety of revolutionary activity in the months afterwards, ranging from
rioting across the French countryside to renewed calls for a written French
constitution.

• Storming of the Bastille-- occurred in Paris on the 14th of July, 1789. The
medieval fortress and prison in Paris known as the Bastille represented royal
authority in the center of Paris. While the prison only contained seven prisoners at
the time of its storming, its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution, and it
subsequently became an icon of the French Republic.

• Maximilien Robespierre and the Reign of Terror-- IN 1793 KING LOUIE

AND MARIE ANTOINETTE ARE EXECUATED. THERE IS MOVE BY THE
LEADERSHIP OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY TO BRING ORDER. THE
LEADER IS MAXIMILLIEN ROBESPIERRE LEADS THIS MOVEMENT.
PEOPLE ARE ARRESTED BY THE THOUDSANDS. AROUND 30 TO 40
THOUDSAND PEOPLE ARE EXECUTED BETWEEN THE YEARS 1793 TO
1796. MAXIMILLIEM BECOMES A SUSPECT SO HE IS ALSO
EXECUTED.

• Napoleon Bonaparte

o FROM A MIDDLE CLASS FAMILY

o FIGHTS FOR FRANCE IN EGYPT AND ITALY

o BECOMES A PART OF THE CONSERVATIVE BACKLASH

o “FIRST CONSUL” IN 1799

o “EMPEROR OF FRANCE” IN 1804

o NAPOLEONIC CODE
 o ROMPS THROUGH EUROPE BEFORE WATERLOO (1814)

HE IS A MILITARY HERO. HE JOINS THE ARMY AT MID 16. NAPOLEON

SEEMS AS GOOD LEADER FOR THIS CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT. THEY
WANT TO GO BACK TO A MONARCHY. IN 1799 THE CONSERVATIVES TAKE
THE POWER AND CREATE A NEW CONSTITUTION. IN 1804 WITH THE
SUPPORT OF THE CONSUL HE CHANGES HIS TITLE TO THE EMPEROR OF
FRANCE. THE COUNTRY IS NEARLY BANKRUPT. SO ANY IMPORT COMING
INTO FRANCE WOULD BE HIGHLY TAX, THIS SOLVE SOME OF THE
UNEMPLOYEMENT PROBLEM. HE ESTABLISHES THE BANK OF FRANCE;
THE GOVERNMENT MAKES LOANS TO SMALL BUSINESSES. HE BUILDS
ROADS AND CANALS. HE CHANGES THE LEGAL CODE INTO THE
NAPOLEONIC CODE. HE PROTECTS RELIGION FREEDOM.
NAPOLEON’S AMBITION (A LITTLE HISTORICAL HUMOR)
• 1804: NAPOLEON CROWNS HIMSELF EMPEROR

• REFUSES TO BE BEHOLDEN TO THE POPE

• READY TO CONQUER EUROPE

WITH THE ECONOMY STABLE, HE INVESTS IN THE ARMY. FRANCE WOULD

DEFEAT AUSTRIA, PRUSSIA AND RUSIA. IN 1810 FRANCE MOVES WEST,
HOLLAND AND ITALY ARE CONQUER IN LESS THAN A YEAR. SPAIN IS
COOPERATES WITH FRANCE BUT NEVER INVADED. BY 1812 EUROPE IS
VERY CONCERNED, SO RUSSIA, BRITAIN AND SPAIN COME TOGETHER TO
DEFEAT NAPOLEON. BY 1814 FRANCE WITHDRAWS FROM RUSIA AFTER
LOSING MANY OF HIS MEN TRYING TO INVADE MOSCOW. IN 1814 HE IS
EXILED FROM FRANCE BUT HE FINDS HIS WAY BACK INTO FRANCE AND
TAKES CONTROL AGAIN. IN 1815 THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO SPAIN,
BRITAIN, RUSIAN AND BELGIAN ARMY FINALLY DEFEAT NAPOLEON.

• The Industrial Revolution--18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES (1870-1920)

• Frederick Taylor – Taylorism—
FREDERICK W. TAYLOR
• THE FATHER OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

• ALWAYS CONCERNED WITH OPTIMAL PRODUCTION

• STANDARDIZE- FIND THE ONE BEST WAY

• STUDY EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION

• KEEP COUNT OF EVERYTHING

• CONTROL LABOR CLOSELY

THE TAYLORISM GOSPEL SPREADS

 • AMERICAN BOOM GRANTS TAYLOR CREDIBILITY

• “MISSIONARIES” TAKE TAYLOR’S SYSTEM ABROAD

• WORL WAR I FURTHER INTERNATIONALIZES BIG BUSINSS

• TAYLOR WRITES:

o SHOP MANAGEMENT (1903)

o THE PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT (1911)

Reminder: You need to know these terms well. Know the details of each term, its
significance, and have a sense of WHEN for each person or event.

Places to know for map quiz:

* Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, the routes of
Magellan and Columbus, locations of the Inca and Aztec civilizations, the division of
North America between European powers at 1750 (see attached map)

You should also know the primary documents we have covered (or that you have
read via Blackboard).

With fewer terms for this quiz, be prepared for a couple of short essay questions
covering topics such as:
The relationship between the scientific revolution and the enlightenment, the results of
European expansion, the reasons behind the revolutions in American and France, and the
costs and benefits of the Industrial Revolution.
European Colonization at 1750