Prevention is better than cure.

Good oral hygiene practices will keep away dental

problems. This will in effect save you from toothaches and expensive dental
treatment. The most interesting bit is that it is achievable by dedication of just a few
minutes a day to oral hygiene care. Numerous oral hygiene products in addition to
the usual toothpaste and brush can be found in the market to assist in this mission.

Unfortunately, most people only remember oral hygiene when a problem has
occurred. Research has revealed that although patient activation shows instant
improvement in dental hygiene practices, just a small portion maintains these
standards six months down the line. People need to take up good oral hygiene
practices as a lifelong daily practice.

Awareness concerning the importance of dental hygiene has greatly increased in

many countries especially the developed ones. However, modern nutrition and
lifestyles have posed a great risk for dental health. In addition to healthy teeth making
one feel good, they also enable one to speak properly. Good dental health is vital for
everyone’s general well-being.

It is very vital to learn to keep good oral hygiene from early childhood. Parents have a
role to educate children how to use oral hygiene products properly. Any good dental
hygiene must be a joint effort that also involves the dentist even though different
people have differing needs. (Curtis, 2007).

One must seek the dentist’s advice on how to maintain good dental hygiene. The
dentist as well as the dental hygiene specialist in some cases will properly instruct
and educate on the right way to brush and floss. These specialists can also identify
one’s specific needs and help in building a personal dental care plan.

Good oral hygiene leads to healthy looking and smelling mouth. The following are
some of the signs of such a mouth:

– Clean teeth without plaque

– Pink gums

– Fresh breath

It is therefore no doubt that oral hygiene is essential. Lack of proper oral hygiene
leads numerous health complications that may end up being very costly to cure. It is
a good preventive measure to avert such a situation.

This presentation covers various aspects of oral health and its associated problems.
It also investigates the causes of this problem in depth and the possible solutions to
them.

Discussion

Oral hygiene consists of the processes performed in order to keep the mouth clean
and in good health. The aim of oral hygiene is preventing the building up of plaque.
This is a sticky bacteria film that accumulates on the surface of the teeth. This occurs
because of poor dental hygiene and is the main cause of many dental problems.
Poor dental hygiene causes demineralization that causes tooth decay. Poor oral
hygiene has an ultimate effect of teeth loss. Also, many mouth and dental health
problems are caused by poor oral hygiene. Others include:

– Trench mouth

– Oral thrush

– Bad breath

Systemic diseases linked to poor oral hygiene include the following:

– Bacterial pneumonia

– Cardiovascular Disease

– Osteoporosis

– Low weight at birth

– Diabetes complications

– Premature birth

Osteoporosis and loss of teeth are dental health problems that mainly affect the
elderly. Osteoporosis is a problem where the density of bones falls making them
prone to fractures. This disease affects all bones in the body especially those of wrist,
spine and hip. Research has linked osteoporosis with losing bone in the jaw. (Curtis,
2007).

Periodontitis is a dangerous infection affecting the gums and the teeth supporting
bones. Bacteria and the immune system of the body disintegrate the bone and its
connecting tissue that holds the teeth in place. The teeth eventually loosen up and
need removal. Research has revealed that dental x-rays can be used as a tool to
screen osteoporosis. It has discovered that the x-rays are very good in differentiating
osteoporosis patients from normal bone density cases.

According to the WHO, oral health is big problem to all countries in the world. That is
the reason WHO (World Health Organization) has placed great emphasis on
developing worldwide policies to prevent oral diseases.

Studies have shown that oral hygiene has greatly improved particularly in developed
countries, leading to better oral health. There is however a great concern worldwide
that low income as well as other vulnerable people has growing levels of dental
problems. These problems affect the health and well being of people. They also
contribute to low levels of production in the workplace and high absenteeism in
schools. It has also been established that healthy teeth and gums have a close link to
a healthy heart.
The mouth has been referred to as the window to the body’s health. One’s state of
dental health gives an idea about his general health. Oral health is linked to various
other health problems beyond the mouth. It is common for the initial signs of a
disease first showing in the mouth. Also mouth infections like the gum diseases more
often than not affect other parts of the body.

The mouth contains bacteria. To keep these bacteria under control, good oral health
is vital. Gum diseases may lead to bacteria entering the bloodstream. Researchers
have discovered inflammations and bacteria from the mouth are connected to other
health conditions in other parts of the body.

Causes

Some foods are believed to cause cavities. Cooked starch such as crisps may cause
teeth damage but to a very small degree because starch is first converted by the
saliva enzymes. Sucrose is also known to cause dental cavities. The frequency of
sugar consumption is more likely to cause cavities than the amount of sugar
consumed (Medicine Net, 2008).

Frequent consumption of sugars increases the time the teeth are exposed to low pH
levels, causing demineralization. Frequent consumption of food and drinks that
contain sugar should be discouraged to give the teeth a chance for repair by fluoride
and remineralization. Limiting consumption of sugary foods till meal times reduces
the chances of cavities. Fruit and fruit juice sugars such as maltose, fructose and
glucose have equal chances of causing cavities (Curtis, 2007).

Acids in fruit juice and other soft drinks cause enamel demineralization since they
lower pH levels. Therefore drinks such as cola and orange juice should not be taken
through out the day since they greatly raise the chances of dental cavities.

Sticky foods also have a higher chance of causing cavities. By sticking to the teeth,
they reduce the oral pH for long periods, especially if they contain sugar. Teeth
should therefore be cleaned at least two times a day to remove debris from the teeth.
Brushing regularly and using dental floss helps in removing dental plaque that coats
the tooth surface (Ketterer, 1919).

Smoking as well as tobacco chewing has strong relationships with various dental
diseases. Also, vomiting regularly is also known to cause a big damage to the teeth.

Solution

Oral hygiene involves keeping the teeth and mouth clean to avert dental
complications and bad breath. Teeth cleaning involve removing tartar and dental
plaque. This helps in preventing gum diseases, gingivitis and cavities. Gum diseases
are believed to be the cause of more than thirty per cent of tooth loss in adulthood
(Bunting, 1960).

Dental specialists are of the recommendation that teeth should be cleaned

professionally at least two times in a year. This involves scaling, polishing and
debridement. Fluoride treatment then follows for both children and adults (Kleinman
and Loe, 1986).

In between the professional cleaning, good oral hygiene is important to prevent tartar
from building up, which could cause the earlier-mentioned problems. This is achieved
by careful and frequent brushing using a toothbrush and dental floss. This helps in
preventing plaque from accumulating on the teeth.

Today, periodontologists recommend using inter-dental brushes instead of dental

floss. They argue that it is gentler to the gums and has low risks of hard dental tissue
damage. There exist various sizes of brushes recommended depending on the inter-
dental space (Estupinan-Day, 2005).

Using dental floss is essential because it helps in removing plaque and decaying
food remains stuck between teeth. This decaying food and plaque causes irritation to
the gums, making it easier for them to bleed. Experts recommend flossing of at least
once in a day, especially before bed time. This helps in preventing receding gums,
cavities and gum diseases (Curtis, 2007).

Foods that are useful to the bones and muscles are also useful to the gums and
teeth. Cereals and bread are full of vitamins B while vegetables and fruit contain
vitamin C. both these nutrients lead to a healthy gum tissue. Magnesium and zinc
can be derived from chicken, fish and lean meat. Experts recommend brushing of
teeth after meals and before bed and flossing at least once daily, especially before
sleep. However, flossing is recommended after meals for some people.

Foods rich in fluoride help in protecting against cavities. Fluoride helps in making the
teeth surface acid-resistant during remineralization. Some specialists recommend
drinking of water rich in proteins while others argue that using toothpaste alone is
enough. Remineralization can also be encouraged by foods rich in calcium and
phosphate such as milk and cheese.

All forms of food raise saliva secretion that helps to stabilize the pH in the mouth to 7.
Fibrous food help in increasing saliva flow. Sugarless chewing gums stimulate saliva
secretion, helping to clean the teeth surface (Curtis, 2007).

Chewing gum assists in oral irrigation, cleaning and removal of particles. However, it
is not recommended for teeth in poor condition as t may end up damaging or
removing loose teeth fillings also.

Mouthwash improves oral hygiene while dental chewing gums help in improving oral
health. Retainers are cleaned in mouthwash. Dentists also recommend dental braces
for good oral health and hygiene.

Conclusion

It is evident that oral health is an important aspect of healthy living. It not only makes
people feel good about themselves, but also avoid other numerous complications
associated with it. Such complications may in the long run be very expensive to cure.
Some of them may even be permanent such as loss of teeth. Loss of teeth may in
turn make it difficult to speak properly. It is therefore vital that everyone embraces
healthy practices to improve and maintain their oral hygiene. Prevention is no doubt
better than treatment.