Human Centered Design Pertemuan 8 PDF

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1
AN INTRODUCTION TO
HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN
THE DESIGN PROCESS
DISCOVER IDEATE PROTOTYPE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
WORKSHOP PREPARATION
For Class 1 Introduction Workshop
READINGS
01 An Overview of Human-Centered Design
02 Design Thinking for Social Innovation
03 Case Study: Clean Team
04 Optional Articles & Videos
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WORKSHOP PREPARATION
For Class 1 Introduction Workshop
CHOOSE A CLASS LEADER

This person will be responsible for reviewing the Class 1 Readings and
the Workshop Guide thoroughly before the workshop so that they can
lead the workshop discussion and activities.
GATHER SUPPLIES FOR CLASS 1 WORKSHOP

Here’s what you’ll need: notebook (or blank paper), pens, felt markers or
Sharpies, Post-its (or their equivalent) for each member of your team.
READ REQUIRED CLASS 1 READINGS
WRITE DOWN THREE TAKEAWAYS TO DISCUSS WITH

YOUR TEAM
It can be a quick summary of your Class 1 readings, or some connections
you’ve made based upon your prior knowledge or experience, such as
surprises, excitement, confusion, curiosity, etc.
BRING PRINTED CLASS 1 WORKSHOP GUIDE

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READINGS
01 An Overview of
Human-Centered
Design
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WHAT IS
HUMAN-CENTERED
DESIGN?
Human-centered design is innovation inspired by people.

Human-centered design taps into It’s Empathetic. It’s Optimistic.
Human-centered design begins from a Human-centered design is the
the creative abilities we all have,
deep understanding of the needs and fundamental belief that we can all
that typically get overlooked by
motivations of people—the parents, create change—no matter how big a
more conventional problem-solving neighbors, children, colleagues, and problem, how little time, or how small a
practices. It relies on our ability to be strangers who make up a community. budget. No matter what constraints exist
intuitive and to recognize patterns, to around you, designing can be a powerful
construct ideas that are emotionally It’s Collaborative. process.
meaningful as well as functional, and Several great minds are always stronger
than just one. Human-centered design It’s Experimental.
to express ourselves through means
benefits greatly from the views of Expecting perfection makes it hard to
beyond words or symbols. multiple perspectives, and others’ take risks and limits the possibilities
creativity bolstering your own. to create more radical change.
Human-centered design is a process Human-centered design is all about
used across industries and sectors. experimenting and learning by doing. It
It’s inspired by behaviors rather than gives you the confidence to believe that
new, better things are possible and that
demographics, takes place in natural
you can help make them a reality.
contexts versus controlled settings,
and relies on dynamic conversations
rather than scripted interviews.
Ultimately, it is a process that helps
teams transform difficult challenges
into desirable solutions—all through
design.
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WHAT CAN I USE

HUMAN-CENTERED
DESIGN FOR?
You can use human-centered design to approach any challenge.
PRODUCTS SPACES SERVICES SYSTEMS

When people think of design, they Physical environments give people For a service to be effective, it needs Designing systems is about balancing
often first think about expensive, signals about how to behave and to be considered from end-to-end: the complexity of many different
stylish products. But thoughtful influence how they feel. By rethinking from how it’s advertised to how it’s stakeholder needs with the needs of
product design is just as important the design of hospitals, classrooms, delivered. For a service to have the the social enterprise. For example,
in social innovation. Not only are all public transportation, banks, desired impact, it’s essential to gain a if your were designing a new type
people deserving of well-designed libraries, and more, we can create deep understanding of the people you of school, there are the needs of the
products, but challenges that arise new experiences and interaction will be serving—not only what they students, parents, staff and faculty,
when there are limited resources, in these spaces. Human-centered need and desire, but what limitations community, and perhaps investors.
services, or infrastructure require design can help make the emotional they face, what motivates them, and System design often involves setting
new approaches and elegant parts of a space as important as the what’s important to them. high-level strategy such as stating
solutions. functional. visions, priorities, policies, and key
communications around these ideas.
How might we design a cookstove How might we design hospital How might we design a water How might we redesign the school
that reduces the amount of smoke waiting rooms to mitigate the delivery service providing clean lunch program for an entire city while
inhaled by the user? transmission of airborne diseases? drinking water along with health and providing for differences in individual
nutrition products? schools?
How might we build an irrigation How might we redesign the common
How might we design new services
pump that can run without the areas of a community housing How might we design a system
engaging low-income parents in after-
electricity grid? structure to encourage connecting linking social entrepreneurs from
school education for their children?
and cooperating among neighbors? around the world?
How might we design a toilet for How might we design a sustainable
families living in areas with no How might we make the space inside business model for a pit latrine How might we redesign a banking
sanitation infrastructure? a bank less intimidating for first-time emptying service? system for low-income citizens who
savers signing up for a new account? have limited knowledge of banks?
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THE DESIGN
PROCESS
The human-centered design process has three phases.
And each of these phases moves between the tangible and the abstract. The Discover
phase starts by getting out into the world and learning from people. The Ideate phase
is about narrowing down what you’ve learned, and translating those learnings into
themes and patterns. This is followed by the Prototype phase, where you will rapidly
evolve your ideas into tangible designs based upon real feedback.
DISCOVER IDEATE PROTOTYPE

I have a challenge. I learned something. I have an idea.
How do I approach it? How do I interpret it? How do I build and refine it?
Who do I talk to?
abstract
abstract
tangible
tangible
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IF YOU ONLY REMEMBER

A FEW THINGS…
You are a designer. Be comfortable not knowing.
If you’re thinking tangibly and strategically Let yourself learn.

about a new solution, you’re designing.
Be willing to experiment. Take risks.
Listen to people and find inspiration in their
needs. Be okay with not having the “right”
answer. Trust that you’ll find one.
Be confident in your own intuition and
creativity.
Get out there. Be optimistic.

See problems as opportunities.
Step out of your comfort zone.
Start with, “What if?” instead of “What’s wrong?”
Learn from the world.
Believe the future will be better.
Be open to the new.
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READINGS
02 Design Thinking for

Social Innovation
Article originally appeared in:
Stanford Social Innovation Review 8, no. 1 (Winter 2010).
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Winter 2010 STANFORD SOCIAL INNOVATION REVIEW #!

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+ACUMEN
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+ACUMEN
HCD WORKSHOP
15
READINGS
03 Case Study:
Clean Team
+ACUMEN
HCD WORKSHOP
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CLEAN TEAM
A HUMAN-CENTERED APPROACH TO ONE OF THE
WORLD’S TOUGHEST CHALLENGES
Unilever, a multinational maker of consumer products, and Water and Sanitation for the Urban
Poor (WSUP), a nonprofit working to improve access to safe, affordable water and sanitation,
were looking for a suitable toilet and waste collection service to provide a complete in-home
sanitation solution. They engaged IDEO.org to help them determine the best approach for
developing the new products and services.
Some 1 billion city dwellers worldwide lack directly, and instead we had to be creative,
adequate sanitation facilities in their homes. In asking questions about people’s neighbors,
Kumasi, Ghana, a city of 2.5 million people, less friends, etc.” The team also relied on human-
than 20 percent of the population has in-home centred design tools like inspiration cards and
sanitation. Many people walk long distances shadowing to gain insights.
to public toilets; others resort to “flying toilets”
(plastic bags tossed outside after use). “During the Ideate phase of the process, it was
necessary to model not only what the physical
The IDEO.org team started by spending time product might look like, but what different
with families in Kumasi to learn about their service models might look like from a logistics
sanitation needs and aspirations. IDEO.org and business perspective.”
team member, Danny Alexander recalls, “The
hardest—but most fascinating—part of working The IDEO.org design team returned to Kumasi
in sanitation is the taboo surrounding the to test four toilet prototypes. “One of our
subject. Often it’s impossible to ask questions concepts going into prototyping was a water-
+ACUMEN
HCD WORKSHOP
17
flush toilet, similar to a high-end camping By the end of 2012, Clean Team was servicing
toilet. It had been the clear favorite in the 106 households and had begun production
drawings we shared earlier in the process. of 1,000 new Uniloo toilets. In January 2013,
When we brought prototypes to the field, a container load of 384 Uniloo toilets arrived
though, we realized very quickly that water- in Kumasi. Clean Team aims to service 1,000
flush toilets would do more harm than good.” households in 2013 and 10,000 households by
2014.
After leaving water-flush and nonflush toilet
prototypes in users’ homes for a few nights, Danny reflects on one of the unexpected
the team returned to check on the toilets. “All challenges of taking the human-centered
the water-flush toilets had overflowed—what a design process to Kumasi: “Even though
disaster!” Between that, the complexity of use, we had the buy-in of some local community
the lower capacity of the tank, and the need to members, we felt unwelcome at times. And
use expensive water to flush their waste, users it wasn’t until we were introduced to, and
of water-flush toilets unanimously rejected received the blessing of, a local chief, that we
them. “Everyone wanted the simplicity of were able to truly integrate ourselves in the
nonflush toilets. Had we not physically tested community. We learned then the importance
the toilet prototypes with users, though, we of the local chiefdoms in Ghana.”
would have thought water-flush toilets were
the answer!” If you’re curious to learn more about the Clean
Team project, you can read about it on the
When a clear winner emerged—the Uniloo IDEO.org website at http://bit.ly/SF0YAF and
toilet—an initial pilot trial was conducted with you can download WSUP’s Practice Note,
approximately 60 households in 2011. The “Clean Team, a Human-Centered Approach to
pilot showed that low-income householders in Sanitation: Initial Trials in Ghana,” November,
Kumasi liked the Uniloo toilets and were willing 2011: http://bit.ly/166Jo9R. You can also visit:
and able to pay for the service, which was much www.cleanteamtoilets.com
less expensive than the cost for public toilet
use for a family of five.
+ACUMEN
HCD WORKSHOP
18
The Clean Team experience

model: how the service
works and its key elements.
+ACUMEN
HCD WORKSHOP
19
READINGS
04 Optional Articles
& Videos
Read
Human-Centered Design in Action
IDEO.org and the Community Action Project (CAP) worked together to design
new offerings in support of CAP’s mission to break the cycle of intergenerational
poverty in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Learn more: http://bit.ly/1bEIyEh
IDEO.org designed a scalable business in Kenya selling water alongside hygiene

and nutrition products. Learn more: http://bit.ly/WSUPandIDEOorg
Watch
IDEO CEO Tim Brown’s TED Talk
www.ted.com/talks/tim_brown_on_creativity_and_play.html
Download
HCD Toolkit page 2—13
http://www.hcdconnect.org/toolkit/en/download
The Stanford d.school Bootcamp Bootleg

http://stanford.io/ipaPIa

Human Centered Design Pertemuan 8 PDF

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THE DESIGN PROCESS

DISCOVER IDEATE PROTOTYPE

For Class 1 Introduction Workshop

CHOOSE A CLASS LEADER

GATHER SUPPLIES FOR CLASS 1 WORKSHOP

READ REQUIRED CLASS 1 READINGS

WRITE DOWN THREE TAKEAWAYS TO DISCUSS WITH

BRING PRINTED CLASS 1 WORKSHOP GUIDE

Human-centered design is innovation inspired by people.

WHAT CAN I USE

You can use human-centered design to approach any challenge.

PRODUCTS SPACES SERVICES SYSTEMS

The human-centered design process has three phases.

DISCOVER IDEATE PROTOTYPE

IF YOU ONLY REMEMBER

You are a designer. Be comfortable not knowing.

If you’re thinking tangibly and strategically Let yourself learn.

Get out there. Be optimistic.

02 Design Thinking for

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The Clean Team experience

IDEO.org designed a scalable business in Kenya selling water alongside hygiene

The Stanford d.school Bootcamp Bootleg

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