y

SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS

SYNONYMS AND
ANTONYMS
An Alphabetical List of Words in
Common Use, Grouped with Others
of Similar and Opposite Meaning

BY
EDITH B. ORDWAY
Author of "Tht Etiqutttt of To-Day" "Handbook of
Quotation*," Eto.

NEW YORK
GEORGE SULLY AND COMPANY
 Copyright, 1913

BT SULLY AND KLEINTEIC^

All rights reserved

IN U. S. A.
 PREFACE
aim in compiling this book has been to make the
THE list of words in common
use concise yet full, and
authoritative yet suggestive. Above five thousand leading
words are given, and the synonyms and antonyms comprise
several thousand more different words.
Actual references may be multiplied by looking up a
synonym or antonym, as well as by consulting cognate
words, such as the corresponding noun, verb, or adjective.
In some cases common words have been omitted, because
they were composed of a root word and a prefix, intensive
or privative. Their synonyms and antonyms may be found
under the root word.
Occasionally within the lists words closely synonymous
or antonymic have been grouped within semicolons.
The part of speech of a word is designated by an abbrevi-
ation in such cases as are necessary to save confusion.

Synonyms appear immediately after the leading word ;

an-
tonyms, after the abbreviation "Ant." This order is

invariable.
In the effort to make this list authoritative, the standard
dictionaries and the acknowledged authorities on the sub-
ject have been consulted.
. B. o.

[v ]

2502621
 ABBREVIATIONS
a. Adjective. n. Noun.
ad. Adverb. p.p. Past Participle.
Ant. Antonym or Antonyms. prep. Preposition.
conj. Conjunction. 8yn. Synonym or Synonyms.
Interjection. v. Verb.
interj.

I Til 1
 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Abandon. Desert, leave, for-
sake, depart from, quit, give
up, relinquish, discontinue, ab-
dicate, renounce, repudiate, for-
swear, withdraw from, vacate,
surrender, retract, recant, re-
tire from, cast off, abjure, cede,
cease, resign, forego, yield,
waive, part with, let go, lay
down, evacuate, drop, deliver
up.
ANT. Claim, cherish, defend,
keep, hold, maintain, protect,
adopt, uphold, advocate, vindi-
cate, occupy, undertake, prose-
cute, pursue, follow, seek,
guard, favor, retain, support,
assert, haunt.
Abandoned. Discarded,
and the p.p. of the syn. of
jected
"abandon" ; depraved, corrupt,
profligate, wicked, unprincipled,
shameless, sinful, hardened, im-
penitent, lost,demoralized,
vicious, dissolute,
reprobate,
graceless, obdurate, licentious,
incorrigible, irreclaimable, bad.
ANT. The p.p. of the ant. of
"abandon"; visited, frequented,
sociable; virtuous, good, de-
serving, worthy, commendable,
excellent, laudable; reclaim-
able, penitent; conscientiou-s,
correct, upright, righteous, self-
controlled, high-principled,
steady.
Abandonment. Desertion, re-
nunciation, surrender, rejection,
abandoning, relinquishment,
dereliction; cession, resigna-
tion, abnegation, demission, ab-
juration, abdication, defection,
abrogation.
ANT. Solicitude, care, heed,
watchfulness, vigilance; hospi-
tality, entertainment, convivial-
ity, welcome, reception; reten-
tion, completion, reclamation,
support, help, correction, cus-
tody, tenacity.
Abase. Degrade, reduce, lower,
discredit, disgrace, dishonor,
humble, sink, humiliate, bring
low, cast down, stoop, debase,
depress, drop, take down,
demean.
re- ANT. Elevate, exalt, honor,
promote, raise, dignify, uplift,
aggrandise.
Abasement. Degradation, hu-
miliation, dishonor, degeneracy,
shame, depression, reduction,
lowering, fall, deterioration, de-
basement, degeneration, vitia-
tion, perversion, depravation,
abjection, disrepute, discredit,
subserviency.
ANT. Promotion, exaltation,
honor, elevation, aggrandize-
ment, dignity, repute, reputa-
tion, standing, supremacy.
Abash. Bewilder, confound, dis-
concert, discompose, confuse,
daunt, humble, dishearten, mor-
tify, shame, humiliate, snub,
discountenance.
1 1
aba] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS tabe

ANT. Embolden, cheer, en- fice (especially of the throne),

courage, animate, uphold, rally, surrender, abandon, vacate,
countenance, inspirit, abet, in- forego, renounce, give up, cede.
cite, buoy. ANT. Retain, claim, ocoupy,
Abate. Lessen, lower, reduce, maintain, usurp, seize, grasp.
diminish, moderate, decrease, Abdomen. Belly, paunch, ven-
decline, ebb, mitigate, subside, tral region, visceral cavity.
suppress, terminate, remove; Abduct. Take away (surrepti-
temper, assuage, alleviate, ap- tiously or forcibly ) , kidnap, run
pease, pacify remit, allow re-
; away with, carry off, spirit
;

lax, slacken; bate, deduct; away, drag away.

soothe, soften, qualify, allay, ANT. Restore, reinstate,
mollify, compose, tranquil ize, adduct.
quiet, quell, calm, dull, blunt; Abduction. Withdrawal, draw-
batter down, beat down, demol- ing away, abstraction, kidnap-
ish, raze. ping, seizure, appropriation.
ANT. Increase, prolong, mag- ANT. Adduction, replace-
nify, foment, enlarge, extend, ment, restitution, restoration,
aggravate, continue, develop, re- surrender, reinstatement.
vive, raise, enhance, amplify. Aberrant. Wandering, ram-
Abatement. Subsidence, decline, bling, divergent, deviating, de-
lowering, reduction, decrease ; vious, erratic ; irregular, abnor-
allowance, discount, rebate, de- mal, unusual, exceptional.
preciation, drawback; modera- ANT. Regular, true, consis-
tion, lessening, mitigation, as- tent, uniform, consecutive, nor-
suagement, remission, sinking, mal, natural, continuous.
settling, waning, fading, ebb, Aberration. Wandering, diver-
evanishment, declension, deduc- gence, irregularity, rambling,
tion, diminution. disconnectedness, hallucination,
ANT. Increase, augmenta- illusion, delusion, eccentricity,
tion, enlargement, increment, singularity, peculiarity.
accretion, development, growth, ANT. Uniformity, consecu-
aggrandizement, dilation, acces- tiveness, regularity, progres-
sion. sion, continuity, order, type,
Abbreviate. Shorten, contract, norm.
curtail, reduce, abridge, con- Abet. Aid, assist, promote, sup-
dense, epitomize, compress. port, sanction, uphold, counte-
ANT. Lengthen, extend,, elon- nance, encourage, advocate, in-
gate, dilate, expand, amplify, embolden, favor,
cite, instigate,
enlarge, produce, stretch, pro- foment, connive at, cooperate
long, expatiate. with.
Abbreviation. Abridgment, ANT. Hinder, impede, ob-
contraction, condensation, com- struct, frustrate, baffle, con-
pend, abstract, epitome, reduc- found, counteract, deter, dis-
tion, summaiy, curtailment, courage, thwart, contradict, dis-
compression. concert, disapprove, denounce,
ANT. Expansion, amplifica- dissuade, expose.
tion, expatiation, extension, pro- Abettor. Assistant, helper, aid,
duction, enlargement, dilation. ally, cooperator, advocate, con-
Abdicate. Resign, relinquish of- federate, accomplice, accessory,
Abe] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [abl

adviser, promoter, instigator, expertness, readiness, quick-

associate, coadjutor.
ANT. Opponent, foe, adver-
sary, antagonist, rival, dissua-
der, detector, baffler, discon-
certer.
Abeyance. Suspense, suspen-
sion, expectancy, waiting, an-
ticipation, dormancy, intermis-
sion, quiescence, suppression,
expectation.
ANT. Renewal, revival,
suscitation, action, operation,
exercise, force, possession.
Abhor. Hate, detest, loathe,
shrink from, recoil from, shud-
der at, abominate, despise, dis-
like, eschew, nauseate, revolt
at.
ANT. Crave, desire, enjoy,
covet, esteem, like, love, relish,
admire, approve, affect.
Abhorrent. Odious, offensive,
shocking, repugnant, loath-
some, revolting, horrible, repel-
lent, repulsive, nauseating.
ANT. Admirable, enjoyable,
lovely, estimable, desirable.
Abide. Wait for, await, attend
endure, tolerate, bear, suffer;
anticipate, watch for, expect;
bide, continue, reside, dwell, so-
journ, tarry, lodge, rest, stay,
inhabit, remain.
ANT. Abandon, shun; resist,
reject, avoid; deport, migrate,
move, journey, continue, pro-
ceed, progress.
Abiding. Lasting, continuing,
permanent, durable, constant,
stable, immutable, changeless,
unchanging.
ANT. Ephemeral, fickle,
changeable, unsubstantial, per-
ishable.
Ability. Power, force, might,
efficiency, vigor, skill, energy,
dexterity, adroitness, skilful-
ness, cleverness, ingenuity, tal-
ent, aptitude, facility, knack,
ness, strength, capacity, quali-
fication, competency, genius, ca-
liber, capability, capableness,
faculty, gift, parts.
ANT. Incapacity, weakness,
inability, unreadiness, mala-
droitness, imbecility, impotence,
disability, inaptitude, ineffi-
ciency, incompetence, disquali-
fication, helplessness, stupidity,
re- folly.
Abject. Base, vile, mean, low,
despicable, contemptible, worth-
less, groveling, fawning, beg-
garly, servile, cringing, miser-
able, degraded, menial, ignoble.
ANT. Dignified, honorable, ex-
alted, worthy, venerable, illus-
trious, independent, princely,
self-assertive, self-reliant, vain,
arrogant, insolent, haughty.
Abjure. Renounce, relinquish,
reject, forswear, forego, repudi-
ate, disown, give up, retract, re-
voke, recant, disavow, disclaim,
withdraw, take back, deny,
apostatize, discard.
;
ANT. Claim, advocate, ac-
knowledge, profess, vindicate,
assert, demand, retain, appro-
priate, avow.
Able. Accomplished, adroit, tal-
ented, clever, ingenious, apt,
skilful, efficient, capable, fitted,
learned, gifted, masterly, tell-
ing, vigorous, strong, proficient,
competent, versed, practical, en-
dowed, powerful, mighty.
ANT. Incapable, ineffective,
unqualified, stupid, inept, weak,
inefficient, unskilful, silly, in-
competent.
Ablution. Washing, bathing,
cleansing, lavation, purifica-
tion, baptism.
ANT. Pollution, defilement,
dirt, soilure, contamination,
taint, stain, abomination, im-
purity.
[ 3 ]
abn] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [abo

Abnegation. Denial, abjuration, longing, delight, benefit, pleas-

renunciation, rejection, surren-
der, abandonment, disallow-
ance, abstinence.
ANT. Assertion, vindication,
license, claim, indulgence, con-
cession; affirmation, allegation,
statement, declaration, word,
averment, deposition; proposal,
proffer.
Abnormal. Singular, unnatural,
unusual, irregular, peculiar, ex-
ceptional, aberrant, erratic,
monstrous, preternatural.
ANT. Normal, regular, usual,
natural, typical, customary, or-
dinary, common.
Aboard. On board, on the ship,
afloat, inside, within.
ANT. Ashore, aground.
Abode. Home, house, place, resi-
dence, domicile, habitation,
dwelling, lodging, quarters,
seat.
ANT. Halt, tent, "bivouac,
perch.
Abolish. Abrogate, annul, de-
stroy, repeal, revoke, suppress,
terminate, rescind, cancel, nul-
lify, suppress, overthrow, ex-
tirpate, remove, prohibit, set
ure, satisfaction.
Aboriginal. Primitive, prime-
val, primary, pristine, native,
original, indigenous, autoch-
thonous.
ANT. Subsequent, imported,
exotic, recent, modern, late,
novel, fresh, immigrant, adven-
titious.
Abortion. Failure, miscarriage,
disappointment, non-success,
vain effort, defect, frustration,
blunder.
ANT. Success, consummation,
completion, realization, perfec-
tion, achievement, development,
exploit, feat.
Abound. Team, swarm, multi-
ply, swell, increase, flow, luxu-
riate, flourish, prevail, wanton,
revel, exuberate.
ANT. Waste, lack, wane, van-
ish, lessen, decrease, die, decay,
fall.
About. Concerning, regarding,
touching, relative to, with ref-
erence to, in regard to; near,
surrounding, around; almost,
nearly, well-nigh; ready, on the
point of, on the eve of around,
;

aside, end, stamp out. hind part before.

ANT. Establish, support, sus- ANT. Afar, distant, remote;
tain, cherish, confirm, continue, precisely, exactly.
restore, revive, reinstate, insti- Above. Overhead, aloft, on high ;
tute, promote, legalize. before, previously; higher, hav-
Abominable. Hateful, horrible, ing precedence; over, exceed-
loathsome, abhorrent, foul, odi- ing, beyond, superior, exces-
ous, offensive, detestable, im- sive.
pure, execrable. ANT. Below, beneath, within;
ANT. Desirable, admirable, later,subsequently; lower; less,
enjoyable, pleasing, pure, delec- diminished.
table. Aboveboard. Openly, candidly,
Abomination. Offense, horror, frankly, sincerely, fairly, in-
shame, wickedness, abhorrence, genuously, unreservedly, guile-
aversion, disgust, curse, pollu- lessly.
tion, iniquity, defilement, cor- ANT. Secretly, elusively, un-
ruption, nuisance, annoyance. derhand, deceitfully, wiliJy.
ANT. Acquisition, enjoyment, Above-named. Named before,
gratification, blessing, desire, aforesaid, above-mentioned,
abr] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [abs

above-cited, above-described, hasty, ill-timed,precipitate;

mentioned above. steep, precipitous, craggy,
ANT. Named below, described rough, rugged, jngged; short,
below, hereinafter named. blunt, curt, unceremonious ;
Abrasion. Rubbing, friction, stiff, cramped, harsh, discon-
wearing away or off, disinte- nected.
gration, attrition. ANT. Easy, gliding; pol-
ANT. Accretion, augmenta- ished, smooth, undulating; ex-
tion, increment; supplement, pected, courteous, elegant, com-
reinforcement. plaisant, suave.
Abreast. Alongside, side by Abscond. Depart, steal away,
side, aligned; against, off, op- decamp, disappear, run
bolt,
posite to. off, withdraw, retreat, es-
hide,
ANT. Ahead, astern; behind. cape, elope, slink or sneak off,
Abridge. Abbreviate, shorten, absent one's self.
condense, diminish, reduce, con- ANT. Show, appear, emerge,
tract, cut down, deprive of, di- issue, present one's self.
vest of, epitomize, compress. Absence. Non-attendance, non-
ANT. Amplify, expand, appearance, non-existence, ab-
spread out, extend, dilate. senteeism ; inattention, ab-
Abridgment. Summary, synop- straction, preoccupation, mus-
sis, compend, analysis, abstract, ing; want, lack, privation, de-
abbreviation, epitome, outline, fect, deficiency.
compendium, digest. ANT. Presence, existence,
ANT. Amplification, expati- manifestation, evidence, sup-
ation, exposition, annotation, ply; attention, consideration;
paraphrase, expansion, com- immanence, inherency.
ment. Absent. Away, gone; ab-
Abroad. Far away, distant, apart, stracted, preoccupied, inatten-
dispersed, aloof, adrift; dis- tive, dreaming.
tracted, confused, dazed, con- ANT. Present, here; atten-
founded; forth, out of doors. tive, alert.
ANT. Near, close, collected, Absolute. Perfect, complete, su-
fast, housed; composed, poised, preme, autocratic, authorita-
self-contained; loithin. tive, commanding, independent,
Abrogate. Abolish, cancel, set unrestricted, unqualified, un-
aside, annul, make void, over- limited, unconditioned, self-
rule, invalidate, nullify, re- existent, self-determined, ideal;
peal. despotic, arbitrary, exacting,
ANT. Enact, confirm, enforce, domineering, tyrannical, impe-
establish, continue, revive. rious, dictatorial, irresponsi-
Abrogation. Repeal, rescind- ble; positive, actual, real, veri-
ing, annulment, abolition, rev- table, genuine, certain, categori-
ocation, voidance, cancelation, cal, unquestionable.
setting aside ; discontinuance, ANT. Related, responsible,
disestablishment. conditioned, limited, qualified,
ANT. Enactment, institu- restricted, accountable; ductile,
tion, establishment; sanction, humble, lenient, meek, mild,
continuance, confirmation. yielding, compliant, complai-
Abrupt. Sudden, unexpected, sant; dubious, contingent, de-
abs] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ab

fective, deficient, wanting, lack- Abstersive. Cleansing, purging,

ing, mutilated, incomplete, purifying, scouring; detergent,
Absolution. Acquittal, remis- cathartic.
sion, release, deliverance, for- ANT. Corruptive, cont ami-
giveness, pardon, shriving, native, offensive.
shrift; indulgence, justification. Abstinence. Temperance, abste-
ANT. Charge, accusation, con- miousness, self-control, self-
demnation, censure, conviction; restraint, self-denial, sobriety,
penance, purgation, fasting, fasting, continence, moderation,
flagellation. frugality.
Absolve. Acquit, clear, exoner- ANT. Excess, intoxication,
ate, forgive, free, liberate, re- self-indulgence, sensuality,
lease, pardon, set free, dis- wantonness, intemperance,
charge, exempt, exculpate. greed, gluttony, revelry, dissi-
ANT. Accuse, condemn, con- pation.
vict, impeach, charge, compel; Abstinent. Abstaining, fasting;
obligate, oblige, bind. abstemious, sober, temperate,
Absorb. Take in, consume, im- self-restraining, self-denying,
bibe, swallow, suck up, ex- continent, austere.
haust; engross, engage, im- ANT. Sensual, self-indulgent,
merse, occupy, arrest, rivet (of intemperate, epicurean, dissi-
attention). pated, incontinent, debauched.
ANT. Give up, disgorge, send Abstract, n. Epitome, summary,
out, radiate, throw off, eject; abridgment, compend, synopsis,
dissipate, distract, disperse. syllabus, outline, digest, brief,
Absorption. Absorbing, imbib- compendium, gist, drift, con-
ing, assimilation, destruction, tents.
consumption, exhaustion ; en- ANT. Amplification, disqui-
grossment, engagement, occu- sition, exposition, eatpansion, ex-
pation, immersion. patiation.
ANT. Ejection, rejection, ex- Abstract, v. Appropriate, with-
pulsion, discharge; inadver- draw, remove, separate, take
tency, inattention, oversight, away, detach, purloin, part,
disregard. eliminate, distract, discrimi-
Abstain. Refrain, resist, for- nate, abridge.
bear, desist, deny one's self, ANT. A dd, complete, increase,
avoid, cease, stop, withhold, restore, unite, conjoin, fill up,
give up, relinquish. strengthen, combine.
ANT. Indulge, wanton, revel, Abstracted. Separated, with-
yield to, gratify. drawn, removed subtle, refined,
;

Abstemious. Abstinent, sober, abstruse; inattentive, preoccu*

moderate, temperate, sparing,
frugal, self-denying, continent.
ANT. Sensual, self-indulgent,
intemperate, greedy.
Absterge. Wipe off, purge,
cleanse, purify, scrub, sponge,
scour.
ANT. Soil, pollute, begrime,
contaminate, bespatter, bedaub. Abstraction. Disconnection, di*
pied, dreaming, absent-minded,
oblivious, thoughtless, negli-
gent, indifferent, heedless, ab-
sorbed, absent.
ANT. Intelligible, lucid, trans-
parent; attentive, intent, ob-
servant, alert, prompt, ready,
thoughtful, wide-awake.
6
abs] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ac*

junction, removal, isolation, gardly, sparing, impoverished,

separation; preoccupation, rev- dry, drained.
ery, inattention, absorption, ab- Abuse, n. Misuse, dishonor, mal-
sence; taking, abduction, seiz- treatment, outrage, reviling, ob-
ure, stealing, appropriation, loquy, defamation, insult, dis-
purloining; classification, gen- paragement, reproach, ill usage.
eralization. ANT. Kindness, praise, def-
ANT. Addition, conjunction, erence, respect, honor, good
union, restitution, importation, treatment, good usage.
restoration; enumeration, anal- Abuse, v. Harm, ill-treat, ill-use,
ysis; attention, specification, injure, wrong, maltreat, op-
observation, individkialization. press, molest, malign, impose
Abstruse. Hidden, difficult, rec- on, ruin, victimize, slander, vio-
ondite, profound, deep, curi- late, ravish, defile, disparage,
ous, occult, dark, obscure, mys- damage, defame, misuse.
tical, hard, . vague, indefinite, ANT. Cherish, protect, re-
mysterious, abstract, tran- gard, shield, respect, care for,
scendental. tend, benefit; laud, favor, ap-
ANT. Patent, simple, obvi- plaud, extol, eulogize, praise;
ous, trite, intelligible, manifest, uphold, sustain, vindicate, con-
lucid, clear, easy, plain, popu- serve.
lar, superficial. Abusive. Insulting, rude, de-
Absurd. Ludicrous, monstrous, nunciatory, reproachful, injuri-
nonsensical, preposterous, sense- ous, offensive, reviling, inso-
less, ridiculous, foolish, irra- lent, scurrilous, opprobrious.
tional, wild, unreasonable. ANT. Respectful, attentive,
ANT. Sensible, rational, rea- laudatory, kind, flattering,
sonable, logical, wise, sagacious, courteous, complimentary, ob-
sound, substantial, philosophi- sequious.
cal, reflective, consistent, true. Abut. Be adjacent, extend, im-
Absurdity. Unreasonableness, pinge, project, approximate, be
irrationality, foolishness, folly, contiguous, adjoin ; end, border.
fatuity, idiocy, extravagance, ANT. Diverge, recede, re-
drivel. turn, retreat, recurve.
ANT. Reason, possibility; Abutment. Terminal support,
truism, axiom, maxim, adage. buttress.
Abundance. Profusion, wealth, Abuttal. Adjacency, contiguity,
affluence; flow, flood, overflow; nearness, juxtaposition; boun-
copiousness, fertility, richness, dary, terminus, limit, termina-
largeness, store, plenty, exuber- tion.
ance, plenteousness. ANT. Interval, separation,
ANT. Scarcity, deficiency, gap, chasm, interspace, fissure,
rarity, scantiness, dearth, fail- breach.
ure, poverty. Abyss. Gulf, gorge, deep, chasm,
Abundant. Abounding, flowing, profound, abysm; the pit.
plentiful, liberal, bountiful, suf- ANT. Surface, abutment, ad-
ficient, lavish, plenteous, much, hesion, contact, contiguity;
copious, replete, full, teeming. heaven.
ANT. Rare, scarce, scant, de- Academical. Scholastic, learned,
ficient, insufficient, short, nig- literary, collegiate, classical.
aca] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ace

ANT. Illiterate, ignorant, Acceptation. Meaning, signifi-

unschooled. cance, sense, import, interpre-
Academy. School, seminary, in- tation, construction, under-
stitute, college, gymnasium, standing; approval, adoption,
high school; scientific body, acceptance.
association of artists. Access. Entrance, approach,
Accede. Consent, assent, acqui- passage, avenue, entry; admis-
esce, comply, agree, accept, con- sion, admittance, audience, in-
cur, approve, coincide. terview; addition, increase,
ANT. Decline, unthdraw, re- gain; accession; attack, onset,
fuse, demur, protest, dissent, fit,paroxysm.
reject. ANT. Exit, egress, depart-
Accelerate. Hasten,
quicken, ure; exclusion; repulse, recoil;
speed, precipitate, despatch, ex- retirement, retreat ; quiescence,
pedite, hurry, urge, push for- inertia, languor, torpor.
ward, press on; forward, ad- Accessary, see Accessory.
vance, further. Accessible. Easy of access, ap-
ANT. Delay, impede, clog, proachable, affable, conversible.
hinder, retard, drag, obstruct. ANT. Distant, cold, unap-
Accent, n. Stress, beat, emphasis, proachable, difficult.
rhythm, pulsation, intonation, Accession. Addition, increase,
cadence, tone, modulation, ictus. enlargement, extension, aug-
ANT. Monotony, equable- mentation; arrival, influx; at-
ness, babble, floiv, smoothness. tainment (of power).
Accentuate, Accent, v. Lay ANT. Abandonment, de-
stress upon,put the ictus on ; crease, drain, subsidence,
ebb,
emphasize, mark, make promi- departure, resignation, diminu-
nent. tion.'
ANT. Make light of, make Accessory, n. Confederate, as-
insignificant, underestimate', ig- sistant, helper, associate, ac-
nore. complice; detail, accompani-
Accept. Take, receive; admit, ment, subordinate element;
agree to, approve, acknowledge, companion, partner.
avow; estimate, regard, value, ANT. Foe, rival, adversary,
construe. antagonist, opponent, enemy;
ANT. Refuse, decline, reject, principal, instigator.
ignore, disown, repudiate. Accessory, a. Assisting, aiding,
Acceptable. Welcome, pleasing, abetting, helping, acceding, ad-
grateful, gratifying, pleasant, ditional ; supplemental, subser-
agreeable, pleasurable, season- vient, subsidiary, subordinate,
able, desirable, expedient. conducive ; accompanying, con-
ANT. Unpleasant, disagree- tributory, auxiliary.
able, annoying, grievous, un- ANT. Essential, inherent;
grateful, unwelcome. superfluous, irrelevant.
Acceptance. Reception, taking; Accident. Chance, disaster, hap-
acknowledgment, approbation, pening, hazard, incident, mis-
approval, satisfaction, gratifi- fortune, calamity, adventure,
cation. casualty, mishap, possibility.
ANT. Rejection, refusal, re- ANT. Certainty, provision,
pudiation, exclusion. plan, intention, appointment,
t 8 ]
ace] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ace

calculation, law, necessity, pur- trate, defeat, disconcert, de-

pose, preparation. stroy.
Accidental. Casual, unintended, Accomplished. Educated, ex-
fortuitous, chance ; incidental, perienced, practiced, finished,
immaterial, non-essential; oc- versed, consummate, adroit, ex-
casional, contingent, adventi- pert, apt, skilful, talented, fine,
tious. qualified, proficient, polite, ele-
ANT. Intended, purposed, gant; completed, effected, estab-
prepared, appointed, certain. lished.
Acclamation. Applause, cheer, ANT. Unskilled, unfettered,
outcry, homage, gratulation, ignorant, unpolished, uncouth,
salutation. inefficient, incapable, inexpert,
ANT. Censure, execration, incompetent.
denunciation, obloquy, sibila- Accomplishment. Execution,
tion. achievement, performance, com-
Acclivity. Rise, incline, ascent, pletion; acquirement, attain-
steep, hill, height. ment, proficiency, ornament,
ANT. Decline, declivity, hol- grace.
loic, descent, depth. ANT. Failure, blunder, folly,
Accommodate. Oblige, serve, fur- stupidity, incompetency, mis-
nish, supply, contain, hold, con- management, bungling.
venience; adapt, reconcile, ad- Accord. Agree, correspond, har-
just, harmonize, suit, conform, monize; grant, concede, give,
arrange. yield, deign, vouchsafe, consent,
ANT. Deprive, aggravate, in- answer.
convenience, disturb, disoblige; ANT. Differ, disagree; with-
misfit, incommode. hold, deny, refuse.
Accommodating. Kind, oblig- Accordant. Agreeable, suitable,
ing, considerate, unselfish, po- consonant, harmonious, congru-
lite, yielding, conciliatory. ous, agreeing, corresponding,
ANT. Rude, churlish, dis- conformable.
obliging, inconsiderate, exact- ANT. Adverse, inconsistent,
ing. discordant.
Accompany. Follow, attend, Accordingly. Suitably, conform-
consort with, go with, escort, ably, agreeably ; consequently,
convoy. therefore, hence, wherefore.
ANT. Abandon, leave, quit, ANT. Conversely, inconsis-
avoid, discard, desert. tently, impertinently.
Accomplice. Confederate, ac- Accost. Approach, address, sa-
cessory, abettor, associate, ally, lute, greet, confront, speak
aid, assistant, promoter, coad- to.
jutor. ANT. Depart, rebuff, check,
ANT. Rival, enemy, foe, ad- repulse, shun, elude, pass, ig-
versary. nore.
Accomplish. Complete, finish, Account, n. Record, register, in-
achieve, effect, perform, carry ventory ; bill, charge ; count,
out, attain, realize, consum- calculation, enumeration; state-
mate, execute, perfect, fulfil, ment, description, narration, re-
do; equip, furnish. lation, narrative, recital, chron-
ANT. Fail, mar, spoil, frus- icle, history; explanation, expo-
ace] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ach

sition ; consideration, regard, ANT. Separate, dissipate,

motive, reason ; importance, disperse, scatter, waste, expend.
worth, dignity, profit, advan- Accumulation. Collection, heap,
tage, benefit. mass, accretion, hoard, store.
ANT. Suppression, silence; ANT. Separation, segrega-
attempt, project; misannounce- tion; unit, individual; prodi-
ment. gality, leakage, expenditure.
Account, v. Esteem, regard, Accuracy. Exactness, precision,
deem, judge, think, hold, be- nicety, truth, carefulness, cor-
lieve, consider, view; estimate, rectness, exactitude, fidelity.
reckon, rate explain, solve.
; ANT. Looseness, slovenli-
ANT. Underrate, undervalue; ness, incorrectness, error, fal-
disesteem, misestimate; mys- lacy, misconception, misstate-
tify, perplex, darken. ment.
Accountable. Responsible, pun- Accurate. Careful, exact, faith-
ishable, answerable, liable, ful, precise, truthful, correct,
amenable; accredited, dele- rigorous, close, severe, just,
gated. unerring.
ANT. Independent, absolute, ANT. Inexact, faulty, inac-
supreme, despotic, autocratic. curate, defective, loose, careless.
Accouter. Equip, furnish, dress, Accusation. Charge, indict-
fit out, arm, array. ment, arraignment, impeach-
ANT. Despoil, impoverish, ment, imputation, crimination,
denude, strip, bare. censure.
Accredit. Credit, authorize, ANT. Discharge, acquittal,
trust, empower, commission, de- vindication, absolution, ap-
pute. proval.
ANT. Recall, supersede, dis- Accuse. Charge, indict, arraign,
miss, discard; disbelieve, dis- incriminate, impeach, cite, sum-
trust, suspect. mon, tax, censure, taunt, blame,
Accredited. Authorized, com- reproach.
missioned, sanctioned ; confiden- ANT. Discharge, acquit, de-
tial, trusted, believed. fend, vindicate, exonerate, par-
ANT. Unauthorized, dis- don, absolve, condone, release.
trusted, discredited. Accustom. Habituate, use, be
Accretion. Growth, accumula- wonted, harden, familiarize,
tion, adhesion, coherence, in- train, addict, drill, break in,
crease. discipline.
ANT. Abrasion, disintegra- ANT. Estrange, wean, alien-
tion, diminution. ate, dishabituate.
Accrue. Result, arise, issue, en- Acerbity. Sourness, acidity,
sue, follow, proceed, come, in- tartness, bitterness, roughness,
crease, augment. harshness, acrimony.
ANT. Cause, occasion; re- ANT. Sweetness, mildness,
duce, weaken, abate. softness, gentleness, smooth-
Accumulate. Pile, collect, ness.
gather up, bring together; Ache, n. Pain, dull or continued
store,amass, garner, treasure, pain, anguish, suffering, agony.
husband, lay by, hoard; aggre- ANT. Pleasure, relief, ease,
gate. refreshment, dlight.
[ 10 ]
ach] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [acu>

Achieve. Accomplish, perform, ment, penalty, trial, retribu-

complete, finish, realize, bring tion, correction, castigation.
to pass, work out, conclude ; ob- Acrimony. Bitterness, sharp-
tain, acquire, gain, win, get. ness, sourness, tartness, sever-
ANT. Neglect, undo, mar, ity, asperity, hardness, rancor,
omit; fail of, lose. ill-temper, spite, unkindness.
Achievement. Accomplishment, ANT. Gentleness, good na-
performance, attainment, com- ture, kindness, sweetness, cour-
pletion, consummation ; exploit, tesy.
deed, feat. Act, n. Deed, performance, ex-
ANT. Forfeit, failure, negli- ploit, accomplishment, achieve-
gence, frustration, blunder. ment, effect, movement, trans-
Acknowledge. Recognize, be action, work.
aware of; admit, concede, al- ANT. Cessation, inertia, qui-
low, accept; confess, avow; ex- escence, inaction, rest, reposer
press thanks for; own. or pro- quiet, deliberation.
fess. Act, v. Work, do, perform, exe-
ANT. Disclaim, disown, cute; behave; play, feign, pre-
deny, repudiate, ignore, dis- tend, dissemble; operate, have
avow. effect; be, realize, actualize.
Acme. Summit, zenith, climax, ANT. Rest, cease, stop, stay;
top, apex, vertex, pinnacle, cul- neglect, omit, mar, undo; ex-
mination. pose, reveal, vaunt; be quiescent
ANT. Base, nadir, depth, or latent; fancy; endure, suffer.
ground, foundation, foot, root. Action. Exercise, motion, move-
Acquaintance. Association, fa- ment, deed, performance;
miliarity ; friend ; intimacy, agency, force, operation ; battle,
companionship, experience, conflict gesture
; representa-
;

knowledge, friendship, fellow- tion, play; subject, plot; law-

ship. suit, case.
ANT. Ignorance, inexperi- ANT. Inertia, torpor, lan-
ence, unfamiliarity, ignoring. guor; quiescence, rest, passive-
Acquiesce. Assent, concur, yield, ness; harmony, truce, peace.
comply, submit, agree, con- Active. Agile, brisk, alert, lively,
sent. quick, prompt, ready, spry in- ;

ANT. Object, demur, dissent. dustrious, energetic, busy, dili-

Acquire. Gain, earn, win, reap, gent.
obtain, attain, achieve, get, se- ANT. Dull, idle, indolent,
cure master, learn thoroughly.
; lazy, quiet, slow, stupid.
ANT. Lose, surrender, miss, Actual. Real, true, genuine, cer-
forego, forfeit. tain, absolute, positive, veri-
Acquit. Discharge, exonerate, table, substantial present, sen-;

release, absolve, excuse, par- sible, perceptible.

don, exculpate. ANT. Possible, fictitious, sup-
ANT. Charge, condemn, sen- posititious, virtual, theoretical,
tence, compel, indict, imprison. hypothetical, conjectural.
Acquittal. Discharge, release, Acumen. Discernment, penetra-
deliverance, liberation, abso- tion, keenness, shrewdness, in-
lution. sight, sharpness, sagacity,
ANT. Judgment, punish- acuteness.

[ 11 ]
acu] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [adj

ANT. Dulness, obtuseness, Adept. Expert, master, profi-

stupidity, bluntness. cient, genius, veteran, professor.
Acute. Sharp, pointed, keen, ANT. Novice, tyro, blun-
shrewd; violent, intense; high, derer, inexpert.
sudden, severe, distressing; Adequate. Equal, competent,
subtile, ingenious, sagacious, fitted, qualified, suitable, suffi-
discerning. cient, capable, adapted, satis-
ANT. Dull, blunt, obtuse, factory ; proportionate, com-
stupid, heavy; chronic; stolid. mensurate.
Adaptation. Adjustment, fitness, ANT. Inferior, poor, useless,
conformity, suitableness, apt- worthless, unfit, incompetent.
ness,harmony. Adhere. Stick, cling, cohere,
ANT. Incompatibility, in- hold, cleave; belong, pertain;
congruity, misfit, discord. be attached, fixed, or devoted.
Add. Sum up, increase, adjoin, ANT. Part, separate, sunder,
append, attach, augment, en- sever, give way.
large, amplify, annex, affix. Adherence. Tenacity, attach-
ANT. Deduct, subtract, les- ment, constancy, fidelity, devo-
sen, reduce, remove, diminish. tion, partisanship; adhesion.
Addicted. Habituated, disposed ANT. Desertion, separation,
to, inclined, prone, attached to, disunion, unfaithfulness.
devoted, given over to, wedded Adjacent. Near, close, border-
to. ing, adjoining, contiguous, be-
ANT. Averse, disinclined, un- side.
accustomed, indisposed, di- ANT. Separate, distant, re-
vorced from. mote, detached, disconnected.
Addition. Accession, enlarge- Adjourn. Postpone, delay, de-
ment, increase, extension, ac- fer; suspend, interrupt, close,
cretion, augmentation, adjunct. end, dissolve.
ANT. Subtraction, decrease, ANT Despatch, hasten, con-
diminution. clude, complete, terminate, con-
Address, n. Courtesy, manners, summate.
politeness, tact, ingenuity, dex- Adjunct. Addition, appendage,
terity, discretion, adroitness ; accessory, aid, advantage, help ;

discourse, harangue, oration, colleague, associate.

lecture, speech, appeal, request, ANT. Detriment, impedi-
suit, solicitation. ment, hindrance, obstruction,
ANT. Clumsiness, rudeness, detraction.
stupidity, unmannerliness, Adjure. Entreat, beseech, pray,
folly ; refusal. supplicate, implore, beg; swear
Address, v. Accost, approach, by.
court, greet, hail, salute, speak ANT. Defy, deprecate, re-
to. monstrate, dare, expostulate,
ANT. Avoid, elude, ignore, warn.
shun, cut, pass, overlook. Adjustment. Arrangement, dis-
Adduce. Offer, present, advance ; posal ; settlement,
agreement,
cite, quote, introduce, name, understanding; fitting, adapta-
mention; allege. tion, conformity; regulation,
ANT. Withdraw, except, de- rectification, accommodation.
duct, suppress, retract. ANT. Disturbance, disorder,
adm] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [adv

confusion; dissension, diver- ANT. Applause, encourage-

gence; non-conformity. ment, incitement, urging, insti-
Administer. Dispense, distrib- gation.
ute, supply; direct, manage, Ado. Trouble, toil, labor, pains;
control, superintend; offer, bustle, stir, fuss, noise, tur-
proffer, tender. moil.
ANT. Withhold, refuse, re- ANT. Quiet, calm, compos-
tain; betray, mismanage; re- ure, tranquillity.
pulse, rebuff. Adopt. Appropriate, assume ;
Admiration. Wonder, approval, approve, accept, support, main-
love, surprise, astonishment, tain ; affiliate, father.
appreciation, reverence, high ANT. Reject, discard; re-
regard. nounce, abandon, disclaim; dis-
ANT. Disapproval, contempt, own, repudiate.
dislike. Adoration. Worship, devotion,
Admire. Honor,
esteem, ap- homage, reverence, veneration,
prove, adore, wonder at, vener- idolatry.
ate, extol, marvel at, applaud, ANT. Execration, disesteem,
revere, respect. abomination, abhorrence, hatred,
ANT. Despise, dislike, exe- detestation.
crate, hate, abhor, scorn, de- Adorn. Beautify, decorate, em-
test. bellish, ornament, garnish, il-
Admissible. Allowable, lawful, lustrate, gild, bedeck, grace,
permissible, possible, probable. dignify, honor, exalt.
ANT. Absurd, preposterous, ANT. Mar, spoil, deface, dis-
improper, wrong, unlawful. figure, deform, denude, strip.
Admission. Admittance, en- Adroit. Dexterous, expert, skil-
trance, access ; avowal, acknowl- ful, apt,handy, quick, clever,
edgment, concession, concur- ready, deft, ingenious, cunning.
rence, allowance. ANT. Clumsy, unskilful?
ANT. Denial, contradiction, awkward, bungling, unliandy,
rejection, negation. maladroit.
Admit. Receive; accept, acknowl- Adulation. Flattery, extrava-
edge, own, confess; permit, al- gant compliment, fulsome
low, suffer. praise, fawning, sycophancy,
ANT. Exclude, debar; dis- blandishment, obsequiousness.
oion, deny ; dismiss, reject, re- ANT. Defamation, obloquy,
pudiate. ridicule, satire, sarcasm, de-
Admonish. Advise, warn, cau- traction, aspersion, libel.
tion, counsel, censure, rebuke, Adumbrate. Shadow, outline,,
reprove; forewarn, remind, dis- indicate, hint, trace, delineate;
suade; instruct, teach, apprise, typify, represent, symbolize;
acquaint. darken, obscure, hide, conceal.
ANT. Encourage, urge, coun- ANT. Fulfil, realize, em-
tenance, applaud, abet, insti- body; misrepresent; reveal, il-
gate. lumine.
Admonition. Caution, warning, Advance, n.
Progress, improve-
advice, counsel, instruction, re- ment, growth offer, proposal,
;

minder, hint, reproof, reprehen- overture, tender, proposition ;

sion. rise, appreciation.
adv] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [adv

ANT. Regress, return, retro- ANT. Ally, helper, assistant,

gression; diminution; depreci- accomplice, aider, abettor, ac-
ation. cessory.
Advance, v. Push or send for- Adverse. Opposite, contrary,
ward, propel; promote, ele- conflicting; hostile, injurious,
vate, dignify, exalt; improve, harmful ; unlucky, unfortunate,
strengthen, benefit ; propose, disastrous.
offer; furnish, lend, loan; in- ANT. Favorable, friendly,
crease, augment, raise; pro- propitious, fortunate, lucky.
ceed, progress; thrive, prosper; Adversity. Calamity, affliction,
accelerate. trouble, disaster, woe, distress,
ANT. Retard, hinder, with- suffering.
hold, withdraw; suppress, de- ANT. Success, prosperity, ad-
grade, depress; oppose, recall, vancement, good luck.
weaken, retreat; lessen, dimin- Advert to. Consider, notice, re-
ish. mark, heed, attend, refer, al-
Advantage. Benefit, profit, ex- lude, mention, touch upon; re-
pediency, favorable opportunity, gard.
blessing; behalf, account, in- ANT. Ignore, pass, drop,
terest; privilege, convenience, overlook, omit.
assistance, utility, service. Advertent. Mindful, regardful,
-ANT. Loss, disappointment, attentive, watchful, observant,
frustration, difficulty, dilem- thoughtful, considerate, heed-
ma. ful.
Advent. Approach, coming, ar- ANT. Thoughtless, heedless,
rival, accession. inconsiderate, inattentive.
ANT. Departure, exit, exo- Advertise. Announce, publish,
dus, retirement. proclaim, declare, circulate,
Adventitious. Accidental, inci- noise abroad ; offer for sale in- ;

dental, extrinsic, non-essential, form, notify, apprise; promul-

foreign, casual; redundant, su- gate.
perfluous. ANT. Suppress, ignore, hush,
ANT. Intrinsic, pertinent, conceal; mislead, misinform.
regular, proper, necessary, ap- Advice. Counsel, suggestion, ad-
propriate. monition, instruction, caution;
Adventure. Chance, hazard, tidings, intelligence, notice; de-
risk, venture, experiment, trial; liberation, care, forethought;
event, incident, occurrence, con- recommendation, exhortation,
tingency, crisis. information.
ANT. Matter-of-fact, matter- ANT. Remonstrance, re-
of-course; prospect; monotony, straint, expostulation, prohibi-
routine. tion; deception, delusion.
Adventurous. Bold, daring, ven- Advisable. Judicious, expedi-
turesome, rash, reckless, head- ent, politic, prudent, desirable,
long; dangerous, perilous, un- beneficial, profitable ; proper,
certain; fearless, enterprising. fitting.
ANT. Timid, nervous, hesi- ANT. Imprudent, undesir-
tating, cautious, cowardly. able, inexpedient, improper, det-
Adversary. Foe, enemy, antago- rimental.
nist, opponent, rival, assailant. Advocate. Counsel, lawyer, at-
14 ]
aff] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [aft

torney; defender, promoter, Affiliate. Associate, adopt, join,

friend, patron, supporter, connect, incorporate, annex.
pleader, maintainer. ANT. Sever, transplant, sep-
ANT. Accuser, impugner, arate, disjoin, dissociate.
gainsayer, adversary, opponent. Affinity. Relationship, kin, con-
Affable. Open, free, frank, un- sanguinity, propinquity; like-
reserved ; accessible, familiar ; ness, resemblance, relation, an-
cordial, social, courteous, polite, alogy, connection, correspon-
obliging, urbane, benign, gra- dence; sympathy, attraction.
cious, mild, well-bred; conde- ANT. Repugnance, discord-
cending. ance, antipathy, antagonism.
ANT. Distant, unapproach- Affirm. Assert, swear, state, de-
able, inaccessible, haughty, con- clare, maintain, allege, protest,
temptuous, supercilious. confirm, ratify, approve, en-
Affair. Business, concern, func- dorse, aver, asseverate, assure,
tion, matter, circumstance, avouch, establish.
question, subject; event, inci- ANT. Deny, doubt, demur,
dent, occurrence, performance; contradict, negative, gainsay,
battle, combat, engagement, impugn, oppose, dispute.
skirmish, collision, brush, en- Affirmation. Avowal, declara-
counter. tion, statement, assertion, tes-
ANT. Detail, item, feature, timony, deposition, confirma-
point. tion, ratification, approval, en-
Affect. Influence, change, trans- dorsement.
form, modify, alter; concern, ANT. Doubt, denial, contra-
interest, touch, move, impress; diction, disputation, disap-
crave, yearn, desire, like; as- proval.
sume, adopt, feign, pretend; Affix. Join, annex, attach,
operate, act on; melt, soften, fasten, connect to, unite to, ap-
subdue, overcome. pend.
ANT. Shun, repel, repudiate, ANT. Remove, detach, sepa-
spurn, dislike, eschew. rate, unfasten.
Affectation. Airs, mannerism, Affliction. Adversity, misfor-
pretension, pretense, foppery, tune, grief, sorrow, distress,
display. tribulation, disaster, trial, mis-
ANT. Simplicity, artlessness, ery, calamity, pain, anguish,
naturalness, genuineness. trouble, hardship.
Affection. Feeling, passion, at- ANT. Consolation, relief,
tachment, fondness, tenderness, blessing, gratification, pleasure.
love; propensity, disposition; Affluence. Wealth, fortune,
endearment, devotion, partial- riches, opulence, abundance,
ity; attribute, quality, charac- plenty, profusion.
teristic, mark. ANT. Want, scarcity, pov-
ANT. Indifference, repul- erty, penury, lack, indigence.
sion, disaffection, repugnance. Afford. Supply, furnish, con-
Affiance. Trust, confidence, hom- tribute, bestow, offer, confer,
age, reliance, betrothal, fealty, bear, endure, support, yield, im-
faith, plighting. part, administer.
ANT. Disloyalty, distrust, ANT. Withhold, deny, re-
treason, suspicion, infidelity. tain, stint, grudge, withdraw.
[ 15 ]
 ffj SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS

Affray. Quarrel, tussle, scuffle, in relation to; in imitation, of,

scrimmage, collision, brawl, dis- in the pattern of.
turbance, fight, rumpus, strug- ANT. Before, preceding, in-
gle, contest, strife, encounter, troducing; in front of; oppo-
feud, tumult. site; facing; previous or prior
ANT. Peace, amity, friend- to, afore; in advance; previ-
ship, good will. ously, already.
Affront. Outrage, insult, abuse, Again. Anew, afresh, repeatedly ;

annoyance, displeasure, offense, further, moreover, besides; on

provocation, wrong, vexation,
wound, exasperation, irrita-
tion.
ANT. Courtesy, homage,
amends, compliment, apology.
Afire. Ablaze, burning, ignited,
aflame.
ANT. Out, quenched, extin-
guished.
Afloat. Adrift, at sea, abroad,
loose; happening, betiding,
brewing.
ANT. Moored, anchored,
aground, stranded, fixed, stead-
fast, firm.
Afoot. Afloat, preparing, forth-
coming, ready, brewing, on
the contrary; back, in answer
or restitution, in return; once
more.
ANT. Once, continuously, un-
interruptedly, uniformly.
Against. Opposite, across, ad-
verse to, counter to, athwart;
facing, fronting, close up to, in
contact with; for, in prepara-
tion for, in expectation of; in
compensation for, in requital
match.
of, to
ANT. With, for, beside, ac-
companying, aiding, promoting.
Agape. Yawning, open-mouthed;
wondering, gazing, dazed,
amazed curious, inquisitive,
;

hand, astir. agog, astare, eager.

ANT. Unprepared, unpro-
vided for, inactive, sluggish,
latent.
Aforesaid. Above-mentioned,
foregoing, preceding,
named.
AXT. Folloicing, subsequent,
subjoined, forthcoming, after-
cited.
Afraid. Fearful, timid, appre-
hensive, anxious, alarmed, terri-
fied, frightened.
ANT. Fearless, bold, confi-
dent, reckless, venturesome, in-
different, secure, hopeful, auda-
cious.
Afresh. Anew, again, newly,
quently, repeatedly, once more.
ANT. Uniformly, connect-
edly, continuously/.
After. Subsequent, later; fol-
lowing, behind, rear, back, pos-
terior; concerning, about, for,
ANT. Listless, lukewarm, in-
curious, indifferent.
Age. Duration; period, date,
epoch, time; maturity, genera-
above- tion; era, century.
ANT. Infancy, youth, boy-
hood, childhood; moment, in-
stant.
Agent. Actor, doer, operator,
promoter, performer ; cause,
force, power; deputy, factor,
attorney, representative, substi-
tute; means, instrument.
ANT. Counteragent, counter-
actor, opponent, neutralizer ;
chief, principal; originator, in-
fre- ventor.
Agglomeration. Accumulation,
heap, pile, mass, conglomera-
tion, cluster.
ANT. Disprrsion, division,
separation, sifting, dissipation.
Aggrandize. Exalt, honor, ele-
 gg] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [aid

vate, dignify, promote, advance, ANT. Future, coming, here-

enrich, augment. after, hence.
ANT. Degrade, impoverish, Agony. Anguish, torture, tor-
debase, humiliate, dishonor, ment, distress,throe, panga,
lower. pain, suffering, woe, excrucia-
Aggravate. Exasperate, pro- tion.
voke, wound, make worse, inten- ANT. Assuagement, comfort,
sify, embitter, heighten. relief, composure, ease, enjoy-
ANT. Soothe, assuage, palli- ment.
ate, diminish, conciliate, allevi- Agree. Accept, assent, approve
ate. comply, consent, concur, admit,
Aggregation. Collection, accu- accede.
mulation, mass, heap, pile, ANT. Contend, disagree, deny ;
amount, total, sum, result, dissent, dispute, protest, oppose,
whole, agglomeration. demur, differ; decline.
ANT. Dispersion, dissipation, Agreeable. Suitable, proper, ap-
separation, division ; unit ; propriate, befitting, accordant,
element, individual, ingredient, conformable, consonant, wel-
item. come, amiable, pleasing, grati-
Aggression. Attack, invasion, fying.
encroachment, assault, injury, ANT. Unpleasant, disoblig-
offense, onslaught, provocation, ing, obnoxious, disagreeable, un-
intrusion. w^jcome, offensive, inharmoni-
ANT. Retaliation, repulsion, ous, unaccommodating.
retreat, resistance, evacuation. Agreement. Contract, compact,
Aghast. Dismayed, horrified, bond, Bargain, covenant, har-
terrified,frightened amazed,
; mony, ixison, obligation, under-
astounded, startled, astonished, taking, treaty.
dumfounded. ANT. Promise, understand-
ANT. Cool, fearless, indiffer- ing, parole; discord, dissen-
ent, unmoved, unaffected, un- sion.
excited. Agriculture. Farming, hus-
Agile. Nimble, active, lively, bandry, cultivation of the soil,
smart, prompt, alert, supple, tillage.
brisk, quick, ready, sprightly, ANT. Falloumess, sterility,
spry. unproductiveness, waste.
ANT. Sloio, heavy, clumsy, Aground. Ashore, stranded, not
bulky, awkward, inert, ponder- afloat; exhausted in resources.
ous. ANT. Afloat, loose, abroad,
Agitate. Disturb, trouble, shake, adrift; flush.
jar, convulse; excite, rouse, fer- Ahead. In front, forwavi, on-
ment; fluster, hurry, discon- ward, in advance.
cert; discuss, controvert, de- ANT. Abaft, astern, back, be-
bate, examine, ventilate, inves- hind, aft.
tigate ; deliberate, contrive, de- Aid. Help, support, assist, serve,
vise, plan. befriend, minister to, relieve,
ANT. Calm, allay, pacify, succor; supply, give alms to;
smooth, compose, quiet / solve, foster, protect, encourage, favor.
determine, settle. A
NT Oppose, discourage,
.

Ago. Past, gone, since. t7iicart, baffle, deter, confront.

[ 17 ]
all] SYNONYMS ANL ANTONYMS
Ailing. Sick, ill, indisposed, un-
well, feeble, infirm, weakly,
delicate, unhealthy, pining.
ANT. Well, healthy, ener-
getic, strong, vigorous.
Ailment. Disease, malady, in-
disposition, distemper, com-
plaint.
ANT. Health, sanity, conva-
lescence, vigor, recovery.
Aim. Direction, course, tendency,
bent, proclivity, bearing; inten-
tion, purpose, design, scheme;
reason ; view, scope, drift, mark,
goal, point; endeavor, attempt,
aspiration, determination. drowsy.
ANT. Deviation, divergence, Alien, n. Foreigner, stranger.
deflection, digression, aberra- ANT.
tion; tangent; venture, leap, native, naturalized person.
fluke, chance, hazard, specula- Alien, a.
tion; neglect, avoidance, care-
lessness, oversight.
Air. Atmosphere, gas; breeze,
vapor, zephyr, wind; weather;
appearance, aspect, manner,
sort, style, way, behavior, car-
riage, bearing, expression, look,
demeanor, mien, fashion; tune.
Airy. Aerial, thin, rare, ethe-
real; light, subtle, sublimated;
sprightly, buoyant, vivacious,
volatile, jolly, jovial, light-
hearted; graceful, lithe, pliant,
flexible, showy, jaunty, flaunt-
ing, garish ; windy, empty.
ANT. Thick, ponderous, heavy,
inert, clumsy, dull, sluggish,
wooden, slow, cheerless, sullen,
doleful, leaden, lugubrious.
Akin. Related, allied, homogene-
ous, cognate, similar, congenial,
sympathetic.
ANT. Foreign, alien, hostile,
heterogeneous, dissimilar.
Alacrity. Readiness, briskness,
activity, quickness, willingness,
promptness, compliance, cheer-
fulness, eagerness, gaiety, agil-
ity.
ANT. Sloumess, reluctance,
[all
repugnance, aversion, refusal,
shrinking, recoil, disinclination.
Alarm. Summons, tocsin, dis-
tress signal, war-cry; fear, ter-
ror, apprehension, consterna-
tion, dismay, dread, affright.
ANT. Lullaby; confidence,
quiet, composure, assurance,
courage.
Alert. Lively, prompt, ready,
prepared, vigilant, wide-awake,
bustling, active, brisk, nimble,
watchful, sprightly, agile.
ANT. Slow, lazy, absent, ob-
livious, sluggish, dilatory,
Citizen, countryman,
Strange, foreign, hos-
tile,remote, distant, contrasted,
contrary, unlike, unconnected.
ANT. Pertinent, essential;
domesticated, naturalized; ger-
mane, akin, appropriate.
Alienation. Estrangement, trans-
fer, conveyance, disaffection,
variance, rupture, breach; (re-
lating to the mind) insanity,
aberration, delusion, lunacy, de-
lirium, mania, imbecility.
ANT. Confederacy, coalition,
alliance, league, union; sanity,
soundness, sobriety, rationality.
Alight. Perch, settle, drop, lodge;
dismount, descend.
ANT. Soar, spring, ascend,
start,mount.
Alike. Similar, kindred, same,
resembling, equivalent, homoge-
neous, identical, analogous, uni-
form, akin, allied.
ANT. Different, unequal, dis-
similar, unlike, heterogeneous,
distinct, various.
Aliment. Food, nourishment,
subsistence, fare, diet, regimen,
nutriment, viands, meat, suste*
nance.
ANT. Poison, bane; starva*
all] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [all

tion, exhaustion; venom, ANT. Separation, estrange-

scourge. ment, divorce; antagonism, dis-
Alive. Living, quick, subsist- ruption, enmity, hostility,
ing, animate, alert, active, schism, secession.
breathing; sensitive, suscep- Allot. Divide, apportion, dis-
tible; operative; cheerful, joy- tribute, deal out, dispense; as-
ous; brisk. sign, grant, give, appoint, des-
ANT.Dead, defunct, lifeless, tine.
deceased; inanimate, dull; de- ANT. Refuse, retain, misdeal,
parted, cold; dispirited. deny, appropriate,
confiscate,
All, n. Whole, totality. withhold.
seize,
ANT. Part, piece, share, por- Allow. Grant, own, confess, ad-
tion. mit; permit, let, authorize;
All, Whole, entire, complete,
o. suffer, tolerate, endure; yield,
total each, every.
; give, grant; approve, sanction,
ANT. Some, part. abate, remit.
Allay. Repress, restrain, check, ANT. Protest, refuse, deny,
subdue, silence, still, hush, disapprove, forbid, disallow,
soothe, compose, calm, appease, reject, withstand, resist.
lull, alleviate, mitigate, solace, Allowance. Leave, permission,
abate, relieve, palliate. sanction, approval; admission,
ANT. Aggravate, arouse, ex- acknowledgment, assent; com-
cite, stir, kindle, fan, provoke. mission; qualification, excep-
Allege. Declare, afiirm, claim, tion; ration.
maintain, state, asseverate ; ANT. Refusal, disapproval,
advance, aver, introduce; pro- denial; ratification, confirma-
fess, cite. tion.
ANT. Contradict, gainsay, Admixture, adultera-
Alloy, n.
refute, deny, disprove, quash. debasement,
tion, deterioration,
Allegiance. Fealty, loyalty, de- disparagement, drawback.
votion, homage, faithfulness, ANT. Genuineness, enhance-
obedience. ment, purity, integrity.
ANT. Treason, rebellion, se- Allude. Intimate, insinuate,
dition, disloyalty, disaffection. point, refer, suggest, signify,
Allegory. Parable, fable, myth, hint, imply, indicate, mention.
story, tale, apologue, metaphor, ANT. Demonstrate, specify,
illustration, simile. declare.
ANT. History, fact, narra- Allure. Decoy, entice, coax, at-
tive, chronicle, record. tract, tempt, inveigle, seduce.
Alleviate. Abate, mitigate, re- ANT. Dissuade, repel, warn,
duce, relieve, lessen, assuage, re- chill, damp, drive away, deter,
move, soften, moderate, lighten. alarm, terrify.
ANT. Augment, increase, Allusion. Hint, suggestion, inti-
heighten, intensify, magnify, ag- mation, reference, implication,
gravate, enhance, embitter. innuendo.
Alliance. Connection, relation- ANT. Mention, demonstra-
ship, affinity; confederacy, tion, specification.
league, union, treaty, copartner- Ally, n. Assistant, helper, aider,
ship, coalition; affiliation, simi- friend, associate, colleague,
larity. partner, accessory, accomplice.
[ 19
alo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [am*

ANT.Opponent, adversary, other one, one after another, in

foe,enemy, antagonist. turn, interchangeable, mutual.
Aloft. Above, skyward, heaven- ANT. Continuous, successive,
ward, overhead, in the air. consequent, proximate, sequent.
ANT. Beneath, earthward, Alternative. Choice, option,
below. preference, election, pick, re-
Alone. Solitary, sole, single, source.
isolated. ANT. Compulsion, quandary,
ANT. Accompanied, associ- necessity; fixity, changeless-
ated. ness.
Along. Lengthwise, onward, for- Although. Albeit, even if, sup-
ward; together, beside, simul- posing, grant that.
taneously. ANT. Yet, notwithstanding.
ANT. Across, sidewise or Altitude. Height, elevation, lof-
sideways, lateral; apart, tan- tiness, ascent, eminence.
dem. ANT. Depth, declivity, de-
Aloof. Apart, distant, away, scent, abasement.
off. Altogether. Collectively, con-
ANT. Close, near, together, jointly, wholly, quite, com-
unitedly. pletely, totally, utterly, en-
Aloud. Distinctly, audibly, vo- tirely, thoroughly, fully, in the
ciferously, clamorously, sonor- mass.
ously. ANT. Partially, piecemeal,
ANT. Softly, silently, inau- by instalments, partly, incom-
dibly. pletely, by halves, wanting; in-
Also. As well, likewise, too, sim- dividually, separately.
ilarly, withal, besides, in addi- Altruism. Philanthropy, unself-
tion, in like manner. ishness, public spirit, devotion
ANT. Nevertheless, notwith- to others, self-sacrifice, self-for-
standing, on the contrary, but, getfulness, generosity.
yet, in spite of, on the other ANT. Selfishness, self-indul-
hand. gence, worldliness, meanness;
Alter. Change, turn, vary, mod- egoism.
ify, shift, substitute, remodel, Always. Ever, forever, eter<
transform, convert. nally, for aye, evermore, ever-
ANT. Conserve, perpetuate, lastingly, perpetually; uni-
preserve, arrest, solidify, retain. formly, invariably, generally,
Alteration. Change, variation, habitually.
modification, shifting, muta- ANT. Now, momently, in-
tion. stantly, suddenly; sometimes,
-
ANT. Changelessness, iden- occasionally.
tity, fixity, permanence. Amalgamate. Mix, commingle,
Altercation. Dispute, conten- unite, combine, blend, com-
tion, controversy, difference, pound, incorporate, join, fuse,
quarrel, wrangle, dissension. consolidate.
ANT. Concord, agreement, ANT. Disintegrate, decom-
compromise, reconciliation, pose, disperse, separate, dissi-
unanimity, harmony, conso- pate, analyze.
nance. Amaranthine. Of the amaranth ;

Alternate. Reciprocal, every fadeless, imperishable, undying,

[ 20 1
uma] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ami

immortal, perennial; purplish, ANT. Obvious, plain, clear,

amethystine. lucid, unmistakable.
ANT. Ephemeral, perishable, Ambition. Emulation, rivalry,
mortal, fading. aspiration, competition, opposi-
Amass. Accumulate, heap up, tion.
collect, gather, hoard, store ANT. Contentment, moder-
up. ation, indifference, satisfac-
ANT. Disperse, divide, scat- tion.
ter, spend, squander, loaste, dis- Amelioration. Amendment, im-
sipate; portion, distribute, par- provement, promotion, better-
cel. ing, elevation.
Amateur. Lover, votary, devo- ANT. Degeneration, deterio-
tee; beginner, neophyte, nov- ration, injury, detriment.
i<f, tyro, dilettante. Amenable. Liable, responsible,
Amazement. Astonishment, be- answerable, accountable; open,
wilderment, wonder, marvel, impressible, pliant, docile.
stupefaction, confusion, per- ANT. Obstinate, irrespon-
plexity, awe. sible, independent, autocratic.
ANT. Anticipation, calmness, Amend. Improve, mend, repair,
coolness, familiarity, prepara- ameliorate, reform, correct,
tion, stoicism, self-possession, rectify.
steadiness, composure. ANT. Harm, corrupt, spoil,
Amazing. Astonishing, astound- debase, aggravate.
ing, wonderful, surprising, mar- Amends. Compensation, atone-
velous, prodigious, strange, mi- ment, expiation, recompense, in-
raculous, stupendous, extraor- demnity.
dinary. ANT. Insult, injury, fault,
ANT. Common, familiar, triv- offense.
ial, commonplace, frequent, Amenity. Softness, mildness,
hackneyed, usual, customary. suavity, gentleness, refinement,
Ambagious. Winding, devious, amiability.
sinuous ; tortuous, indirect, eva- ANT. Austerity, ungracious-
sive, circuitous; diffuse, dull, ness, discourtesy, moroseness.
tedious; dubious, enigmatical, Amiable. Agreeable, gentle, good-
vague. natured, pleasing, winsome, at-
ANT. Direct, straight, frank, tractive, charming, lovable.
open, simple, straightfoncard, ANT. Crusty, hateful, sullen,
plain, clear, lucid, unmistak- surly, crabbed, cruel, unlovely,
able. gruff, disagreeable, ill-tempered.
Ambassador. Minister, envoy, Amicable. Cordial, kind, friendly,
legate, deputy, plenipotentiary. harmonious, peaceable, propi-
Ambient. Surrounding, encom- tious, favorable, sociable, ami-
passing, enfolding, circling, in- able.
vesting. ANT. Unkind, cold, distant,
ANT. Penetrating, infiltrat- hostile, adverse, unfriendly.
ing, permeating, intervening. Amid. Among, between, in the
Ambiguous. Doubtful, dubious, midst of, betwixt, surrounded
uncertain, indefinite, vague, ob- by.
scure, indistinct, equivocal, en- ANT. Outside, without, be-
igmatical. yond, afar from, away from.
I 21 ]
ami] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS tani

Amiss. Wrong, improper, faulty, ANT. Modern, young, fresh,

incorrect, inaccurate, inoppor- new, juvenile, upstart.
tune. Ancillary. Auxiliary, helping,
ANT. Correct, right, fault- instrumental subsidiary, sub-
;

less, perfect, effective, true. ordinate, subservient.

Amount, n. Sum, total, aggre- ANT. Alien, adverse, redun-
gate, whole; effect, substance, dant, obstructive, impertinent,
purport. irrelative, counteractive.
ANT. Portion, instalment, Angelic. Seraphic, celestial, pure,
part; failure, deficiency, ethereal, adorable, rapturous,
Ample. Liberal, large, spacious, heavenly, divine, spiritual.
plentiful, copious, lavish, exu- ANT. Demoniac, demoniacal,
berant, bountiful, generous. diabolical, hellish, fiendish, foul.
ANT. Niggardly, stingy, scant, Anger. Fury, ire, offense, pas-
mean, narrow, insufficient. sion, choler, indignation, rage,
Amplify. Augment, enlarge, ex- temper, vexation, displeasure,
pand, expatiate, increase, de- animosity, wrath, resentment.
velop, widen, dilate, extend. ANT. Patience, self-control,
ANT. Abbreviate, condense, self-restraint, forbearance, le-
reduce, abridge, amputate, epit- niency, mildness, forgiveness,
omize, summarize. giveness, charity, lore.
Amusement. Diversion, sport, Angry.
Provoked, indignant, ex-
play, fun, entertainment, merri- asperated, irritated, wrathful,
ment, pastime, game, frolic, furious, resentful, mad, passion-
relaxation. ate, sulky, piqued, galled.
ANT. Weariness, disgust, sa- ANT. Calm, unresentful,
tiety, tedium, monotony, stren- peaceful, self-controlled, good-
uosity. tempered, forgiving, lenient.
Analogy. Likeness, relation, re- Anguish. Agony, torture, tor-
semblance, similitude, compari- ment, pang, acute distress, ex-
son. treme suffering.
ANT. Unlikeness, incongru- ANT. Ease, pleasure, relief,
ity, disproportion, disagree- solace, assuagement, ecstasy.
ment. Animal. Brute, beast, living or-
Analysis. Separation, dissection, ganism, sentient being; fauna.
investigation, partition. ANT. Man ; vegetable ; angel ;
ANT. Synthesis, composition, inanimate object, substance;
aggregation, combination, co- soul, spirit.
herence. Animate. Enliven, vivify,
Anarchy. Misrule, disorder, law- quicken, invigorate, revive,
lessness, violence, confusion. stimulate, waken, rouse, excite,
ANT. Law, order, government, provoke, encourage, inspire,
control, organization, subjec- elate.
tion. ANT. Deaden, discourage, de-
Anatomy. Analysis, dissection; ter, depress, dishearten, stifle. .

skeleton; dismemberment. Animation. Life, vitality, spirit,

ANT. Synthesis, organization, vivacity, energy, exhilaration,
union, construction; body. sprightliness, courage, force,
Ancient. Old, antique, anti- buoyancy, vigor, liveliness.
quated, obsolete, primeval, aged. ANT. Dulness, deadness,
[ 22 ]
ani] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ant

spiritlessness, inertnest, stolid- Annoyance. Trouble, discom-

ity.
Animosity. Hatred, enmity,
malignity, antipathy, aversion,
acrimony, strife, bitterness, hos-
tility, dissension, malice, an-
ger.
ANT. Congeniality, unanim-
ity, friendship, companionship,
harmony, concord, regard, alli-
ance, kindness, sympathy.
Annals. Chronicles, records, reg-
isters, rolls, archives.
ANT. Romance, tradition,
hearsay, legend, lays.
Annex. Add, affix, attach, ad-
join, append, subjoin, tag, join,
unite, connect.
ANT. Detach, disconnect,
withdraw, separate, remove, dis-
engage.
Annihilation. Extermination,
obliteration, eradication, de-
struction; non-existence; obliv-
ion, non-being, eternal blank;
Nirvana.
ANT. Perpetuation, immor-
tality; genesis, evolution,
velopment.
Annotation. Note, comment, re-
mark, observation, gloss, scho-
lium, explanation, illustration,
elucidation.
ANT. Narrative, text, asser-
tion, proposition, statement.
Announce. Proclaim, publish, re-
port, herald, make known, state,
reveal, tell, declare, communi-
cate, promulgate, circulate,
enunciate.
ANT. Suppress, secrete, hide,
cover up, conceal, bury, with-
hold.
Announcement. Notice, procla-
mation, declaration, advertise-
ment, notification, manifesto,
promulgation.
ANT. Suppression, conceal-
ment, secrecy, equivocation, am-
biguity, insinuation.
vexation, torment, inflic-
fort,
tion, nuisance, irritation.
ANT. Oratification, delight,
ease, pleasure, relief.
Annual, n. Yearly publication,
year-book, annals; plant living
but a year.
ANT. Perennial, biennial, tri-
ennial; exotic.
Annul. Cancel, abrogate, recall,
repeal, revoke, countermand, re-
verse, reached, abolish, nullify,
supersede, invalidate.
ANT. Conserve, confirm,
maintain, enact, establish.
Anomalous. Abnormal, unnat-
ural, irregular, peculiar, excep-
tional, aberrant, unusual, sin-
gular, eccentric, erratic.
ANT. Normal, regular, usual,
ordinary, common, iconted.
Anon. Soon, shortly, forthwith,
immediately, instantly, directly,
ere long; afterward, presently,
again.
ANT. Herewith, now; already,
de- previously.
Anonymous. Nameless, unac-
knowledged, of unknown author-
ship.
ANT. Identified, authorized,
authenticated, attested, signed.
Answer, v. Reply, rejoin, re-
spond; be accountable, respon-
sible, or liable, go surety; cor-
respond, be similar; do, serve,
suit, pass; refute, defend; sat-
isfy, fulfil.
ANT. Challenge, defy, ques-
tion, interrogate, query, sum-
mon.
Answerable. Refutable, respon-
sible, amenable, liable, account-
able ; corresponding, correla-
tive, suitable, proportionate.
ANT.
Independent, irrespon-
irrefutable; unsuitable,
sible,
dissimilar, different.
Antagonism. Opposition, con
[ 23 ]
 nt] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [apo

tradiction, hostility, animosity, eventuality, posterity ; the pres-

enmity. ent, to-day.
ANT. Amity, alliance, associ- Anxiety. Perplexity, apprehen-
ation. sion, care, concern, solicitude,
Antecedent, a. Preceding, pre- worry, dread, trouble, forebod-
vious, prior, foregoing, anterior, ing, misgiving, eagerness, diffi-
precursory. dence.
ANT. Subsequent, posterior, ANT. Ease, confidence, con-
sequent, following. tentment, apathy, acquiescence,
Antedate. Date before the true calmness, nonchalance, assur-
time ; anticipate, forestall, fore- ance.
taste. Apathy. Stoicism, calmness,
ANT. Postdate, follow, suc- composure, lethargy, uncon-
ceed, supervene. cern, indifference, insensibility,
Anticipate. Forestall, expect, immobility, quietude, phlegm,
foretaste, antedate, forecast, ap- stillness.
prehend, hope for, look forward ANT. Fury, frenzy, suscepti-
to. bility, sensitiveness, anxiety,
ANT. Postdate, follow; re- excitement, agitation, feeling,
flect upon, recall, recollect, re- passion, vehemence, emotion.
member; despair of, doubt, Ape, v. Mimic, imitate, counter-
dread, fear. feit, copy, affect, personate,
Anticipation. Expectation, pros- represent.
pect, hope, trust, contempla- ANT. Vary, modify, change.
tion, abeyance, foreboding, ap- Aperture. Opening, hole, gap,
prehension, presentiment; pre- rift, chasm, loophole, orifice,
science, prevision, forethought. cleft.
ANT. Realization, consum- ANT. Closure, blank wall;
mation, despair, enjoyment, sur- seclusion, imperviousness.
prise, doubt, dread, wonder, Apex.
Acme, vertex, pinnacle,
fear. summit.
Antipathy. Repugnance, repul- ANT. Base, nadir, foot, root.
sion, aversion, detestation, ab- Aphorism. Adage, maxim, prov-
horrence, hatred, hostility, erb, saying, dictum, apothegm,
loathing. saw.
ANT. Attraction, affinity, ANT. Lecture, disquisition,
congeniality, sympathy, har- discourse, sermon.
mony. Apiece. Each, individually, sev-
Antiquated. Quaint, obsolete, erally, distributively, sepa-
bygone, ancient, archaic, old- rately.
fashioned. ANT. Together, collectively,
ANT. Modern, modish, new, synthetically, in the aggre-
recent, stylish, fashionable, gate.
fresh. Apocalyptic. Tn or from " The
Antiquity. Ancient times, eld. Revelation of St. John the
early days; ancients, people of Divine"; prophetic, mystical,
early days; great age; (pi.) mysterious; manifesting, re-
relics of ancient days, archeol- vealing, unveiling.
ogy. ANT. Concealing, obscuringt
ANT. Modernity; futurity, shrouding, eclipsing.
t 24 ]
apo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [app

Apocryphal. Unauthentic, un- meanor, air, complexion, man-

canonical, legendary, fictitious, ner.
false, equivocal, doubtful, spu- ANT. Disappearance, eva-
rious. nition, departure, vanishing.
ANT. Palpable, authorized, Appease. Calm, pacify, soothe,
accepted, authentic, genuine, quell, mollify, mitigate, lull;
current, verified, attested. propitiate, placate, satisfy, rec-
Apology. Plea, excuse, defense, oncile.
confession, acknowledgment, ANT. Aggravate, exasperate,
justification, vindication, ex- provoke, inflame, incense, eat-

planation, extenuation. cite.

ANT. Charge, censure, im- Appellation. Epithet, title, de-
putation, condemnation, insult, scription, designation, name.
complaint, offense, wrong. ANT. Anonymousness, name-
Apostate. Renegade, turncoat, lessness.
backslider, deserter, pervert, Appendage, Appendix. At-
traitor. tachment, addition, adjunct,
ANT. Adherent, supporter, supplement.
zealot, dogmatist, fanatic. ANT. Main body, original,
Apothegm. Saying, dictum, whole, total.
proverb, aphorism, precept, by- Appertain. Belong, inhere, ad-
word. here, regard, concern, touch, re-
ANT. Sermon, discourse, ti- late.
rade, harangue. ANT. Be remote, far-fetched,
Appall. Terrify, frighten, dis- or forced, have no bearing upon.
may, shock, daunt, alarm, af- Appetite. Longing, craving, de-
fright. sire, relish, gust, zest, liking.
ANT. Reassure, embolden. ANT. Aversion, loathing, re~
Apparel. Clothes, dress, rai-
pugnance, antipathy, disgust.
ment, attire, costume, habit, Applause. Praise, approbation,
guise, garments, robes, ves- commendation, compliment,
ture, wardrobe, equipment, plaudit, acclamation, eclat,
trappings. clapping of hands.
ANT. Nudity, deshabille, ANT. Denunciation, censure,
rags, tatters. blame, sibilation, vituperationf
Apparent. Seeming, probable, hissing.
likely, obvious, conspicuous, Appliances, n. pi. Means, in-
manifest, clear, patent, evident, struments, appointments, ap-
plain, legible, specious. purtenances, tools, adjuncts,
ANT. Real, hidden, dubious, equipment resources,
; steps,
improbable, doubtful, unimag- measures, ways; contrivances.
inable, unsupposable, minute. Applicable. Fit, appropriate,
Appeal. Address, invoke, en- suitable, pertinent, apt, proper,
treat, implore, supplicate, sue, relevant, germane ; adjustable.
petition. ANT. Irrelevant, useless, un-
ANT. Protest, defy, abjure, available, impertinent.
disdain, deprecate, repudiate. Applicant. Petitioner, solicitor,
Appearance. Semblance, look, suitor, candidate, aspirant.
show, pretense, guise, fashion; Apply. Use, employ, exercise,
arrival, advent, apparition; de- appropriate^ execute, carry out,
[ 25 ]
app] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [app

practice; devote, engage, dedi- understand, appreciate; fear,

cate; request, petition. forebode.
ANT. Divert, misuse, dis- ANT.
Miss, lose, misundeT'
card, divorce. stand, ignore, misconceive.
Appoint. Determine, establish, Apprehension. Arrest, cap-
fix; assign, allot, designate; ture; understanding, intelli-
nominate, name, create; equip, gence, mind, reason ; notice, cog-

supply, furnish; direct, com- nizance conception, imagina-

;

mand, decree, enjoin, impose, re- tion knowledge, discernment,

;

quire, ordain. perception, sense; opinion,

ANT. Reserve, cancel, dis- fancy, sentiment, notion, fear,
arrange, reverse, unthhold, re- suspicion, anxiety.
tain, undo, suspend, recall, ANT. Escape, non-detection;
withdraw. sensibility, emotion; apathy,
Appointment. Assignation, as- lethargy; illiteracy, stupidity,
signment, agreement, arrange- stolidity; confidence, noncha-
ment; meeting, tryst; station, lance.
position, office, place; decree, Apprise. Give notice, inform,
command, order, edict, ordi- tell,publish, advise, acquaint.
nance, mandate, requirement, ANT. Deceive, mislead, hood-
law. wink, mystify.
Apportion. Appoint, allot, ap- Approach, v. Advance, draw
propriate, divide, distribute, near, bring near, go near, push ;
share, grant, dispense, assign, broach, address confidentially;
deal. resemble closely, be like, simi-
ANT. Retain, collect, con- lar,or equal.
solidate, receive, gather, di- ANT. Diverge, retreat, go
vert. back; retard, restrain; be un-
Apposite. Apt, pertinent, suit- like.
able, seasonable, apropos, fit, Approbation. Praise, commen-
applicable, adapted. dation, approval, liking; sup-
ANT. Untimely, irrelevant, port, consent, sanction, indorse-
unfitting, impertinent, mis- ment, concurrence, assent.
placed. ANT. Censure, protest, de-
Appraise. Estimate, prize, nial, disapproval, dissatisfac-
value, rate, fix a price for, sur- tion.
vey, assess, assize. Approve. Praise, commend,
ANT. Undervalue, discard, sanction, support, encourage,
misprize; discount, rebate, al- authorize.
low. ANT. Disparage, condemn,
Appreciate. Estimate justly, disown, repudiate, dislike.
value highly, esteem, prize, Approximation. Approach,
raise the value of; recognize, nearness, similarity, likeness,
respect. contiguity, resemblance, pro-
ANT. Undervalue, misjudge, pinquity, neighborhood.
ignore, misconceive; depreciate, ANT. Remoteness, variation,
disdain. distance, difference, divergence.
Apprehend. Arrest, seize, take, Appurtenant. Belonging, con-
catch, capture; imagine, con- nected, appended, attached, co-
ceive, regard; perceive, realize, ordinate.

I 26 ]
apr] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Isolated, detached, un-
allied, independent.
A priori. Theoretically; neces-
sarily, apodictically, constitu-
tionally, absolutely, primordi-
ally, inductively.
ANT. A posteriori; practi-
cally, according to experience;
deductively from facts.
Apropos. Opportune, seasonable,
apposite, timely, apt, suitable.
ANT. Inopportune, irrele-
vant, untimely, inapt, unsuit-
able.
Aptitude. Disposition, knack,
endowment, tendency, inclina-
tion, fitness, suitability,
propensity.
ANT. Unreadiness, unskilful-
ness, repugnance, incongruity.
Arbiter. Umpire, judge, referee ;
controller, master, lord.
ANT. Appellant, claimant,
litigant, disputant.
Arbitrary. Despotic, autocratic,
tyrannical, overbearing, pe-
remptory; capricious, wilful,
fanciful; imperious, dictatorial.
ANT. Considerate, lenient,
obliging, equitable.
Arbitration. Mediation, inter-
cession, interposition, interven-
tion; arbitrament, umpirage,
trial, judgment, decision.
ANT. Litigation, contention,
disputation, appeal, dissension.
Ardent. Passionate, fervent, in-
tense, vehement, fierce, fiery;
hot, burning; zealous, enthusi-
astic, strenuous.
ANT. Cool, cold, indifferent,
,
torpid, apathetic, dispassionate,
phlegmatic.
Argument. Reasoning,
evidence, controversy, discus-
sion, debate; subject, topic,
theme, thesis; summary,
stract, outline.
ANT. Assertion, assumption;
dogma.
[art
Aridity. Dryness, parchedness,
sterility, unfertility, barren-
ness; dulness, indifference, tor-
pidity, insensibility.
ANT. Moisture, fertility, ver-
dancy, luxuriance, productivity.
Arise. Ascend, mount, get up,
stand up; rebel, revolt; result,
eventuate.
ANT. Descend, dismount;
submit, cower; cause, instigate.
Aristocracy. Government of
nobles; nobility, peerage, gen-
try.
ANT. Democracy; people,
populace, masses, rabble.
bias, Arm, v. Equip, array, furnish,
gird, accouter, provide; fortify,
cover, protect, guard; prepare.
ANT. Divest, disarm; expose.
Army. Soldiery, legion, arma-
ment, forces, host, phalanx,
troops.
ANT. Individual; citizens.
Aromatic. Fragrant, spicy,
balmy, redolent, odoriferous,
ambrosial.
ANT. Scentless, malodorous,
fetid, offensive, noisome, rank.
Arouse. Excite, provoke, insti-
gate, stimulate, animate, kindle,
warm, whet, summon, awaken.
ANT. Allay, mitigate, mod-
erate, still, quiet, assuage, quell.
Arraign. Accuse, charge, indict,
impeach, denounce; prosecute-
ANT. Acquit, discharge, con-
done, release.
Arrange. Settle, determine, ad-
just; dispose, group, marshall,
rank, range, distribute, place;
plan, contrive, project, devise,
construct, organize.
proof, ANT. Confuse, disturb,
jumble, disperse, disorder, de-
range.
ab- Array, n. Order, parade, show,
exhibition, collection, arrange-
ment, line of battle, disposi-
tion.
[ 27 ]
arr] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [asp

ANT. Disorder, confusion, truth, honesty, artlessness, in-

jumble.
Arrest. Apprehend, capture,
seize, detain, hold, take pris-
oner; stop.
ANT. Liberate, free, dismiss,
release, discharge; expedite.
Arrival. Advent, coming; comer,
person or thing arrived.
ANT. Departure, going. Artist.
Arrive. Reach, get to, come at-
genuousness, simplicity.
Artificial. Unnatural, factitious ;
feigned, counterfeit, fictitious,
spurious, sham ; affected, forced,
strained.
ANT. Natural, genuine, spon-
taneous, transparent, artless,
unaffected.
Designer, contriver,
skilled workman, artisan; me-
;

tain, touch, overtake; happen. chanic, operative; painter;

ANT. Depart, set out or sculptor, carver; master, mas-
forth, be gone. ter-hand.
Arrogant. Haughty,
insolent, Ascend.
Rise, mount, soar, as-
proud, lordly, disdainful, su- go up, tower. pire,
percilious, self-important, ego- ANT. Descend, fall, sink.
istic, overbearing, dogmatic, Ascendancy. Power, authority,
imperious. sway, dominion, rule, mastery,
ANT. Humble, diffident, po- control, government, influence.
lite, bashful, servile, consider- ANT. Subordination, ser-
ate. vility.
Art. Craft, business, calling, em- Ascertain. Determine, establish,
ployment, trade; practical settle, flx, define, verify; dis-
knowledge creation of beauty
; cover, find out, get at.
;

skill, dexterity, sagacity, apti- ANT. Guess, surmise, sup-

tude, cleverness, ingenuity pose, presume, conjecture.
;

cunning, artifice, deceit, guile. Ascetic. Austere, rigid, severe,

ANT. Misrepresentation, cari- self-denying, abstinent, stern,
cature; candor, simplicity; in- puritanical.
competency, inability. ANT. Lenient, indulgent,
Article. Tiling, substance, com- epicurean, pampered, mild, tol-
modity; part, portion, particu- erant.
lar, point, item, member; essay, Ascribe. Impute, attribute, as-
paper, monograph, brochure. sign, refer, charge, set down.
AXT. Nothing, nullity, cipher; ANT. Dissociate, exclude;
totality, entirety, unity, integer. deny, refuse; disconnect.
Articulate. Join, unite, connect, Ask. Request, petition, solicit,
fasten together; enunciate, ut- entreat, beg, beseech, suppli-
ter distinctly, pronounce. cate, require of, crave, demand.
ANT. Disperse, separate, AXT. Refuse, reject, deny;
rend, dissect, disjoin, discon- command, claim, exact, extort,
nect; whisper; render mute, si- enforce, insist.
lence, muzzle. Aspect. Air, mien, look, counte-
Artifice. Cunning, craft, machi- nance, expression, feature, bear-
nation, stratagem, guile, device, ing; state, attitude, posture,
contrivance, cheat, imposture, condition, appearance; direc-
trick, ruse, maneuver, wile. tion, outlook, prospect.
ANT. Fairness, frankness, Asperity. Acrimony, sourness,
candor, openness, sincerity, sharpness; sternness, severity,
I 28 1
asp] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
bitterness, sullenness, ill-tem-
per; roughness, unevenness.
ANT. Sweetness, pleasant-
ness; gentleness, mildness ;
smoothness.
Asperse. Slander, calumniate,
traduce, vilify, attack, abuse,
blemish, besmirch, vituperate,
disparage, censure, slur, malign.
ANT. Eulogize, vindicate, Assiduous.
clear, defend, extol, praise,
shield.
Aspiration. Pronouncing with
the rough breathing; yearning,
longing, ardent desire, craving,
spiritual ambition.
ANT. Apathy, inertia,
ference, dulness, aversion, re-
pudiation, avoidance.
Assault. Attack, invation,
charge, onset, onslaught, ag-
gression.
ANT. Resistance, defense, re-
pulsion, retaliation, undermin-
ing.
Assemble. Gather, collect, con-
vene, congregate, meet, come
together.
ANT. Disperse, scatter, dis-
miss.
Assembly. Concourse, company,
gathering, congregation, as-
semblage, meeting, convocation,
throng congress, parliament,
; tagonize, prevent, resist, coun-
legislature, synod, diet, coun-
cil, convention; ball, dance,
dancing party.
ANT. Dispersion, dismissal,
disunion, disruption.
Assent, n. Acquiescence, ac-
knowledgment, approval, con-
currence, approbation, accord,
consent, agreement, compliance.
ANT. Disagreement, dissent, Association.
difference, protest, declension.
Assertion. Asseveration, prot-
estation, allegation ; position,
statement, word, declaration;
vindication, defense, mainte-
nance.
[ass
ANT. Denial, contradiction,
abandonment, protest, dis-
avowal, retraction, repudiation,
confutation, abjuration.
Assess. Tax, value, appraise, es-
timate, compute, fix, assign, de-
termine, impose.
ANT. Discount, rebate, uA-
low.
Diligent, industri-
ous, untiring, indefatigable, de-
voted, constant, attentive,
painstaking, laborious, persist-
ent, active.
ANT. Indolent, remiss, inat-
tentive, lazy, desultory, incon-
indif- stant.
Assignment. Appointment, al-
lotment; specification, fixing,
determination, offer, presenta-
tion; transfer, allowance.
ANT. Withdrawal, refusal;
acceptance, reception.
Assimilate. Make similar, cause
to resemble; digest, appropri-
ate, incorporate, absorb.
ANT. Contrast, reject, sepa-
rate, segregate.
Assist. Help, aid, succor, re-
lieve, support, befriend, serve;
speed, sustain, promote, fur-
ther, cooperate with, patronize.
ANT. Hinder, oppose, an-
teract.
Associate, n. Companion, com-
rade, chum, friend, helpmate,
partner, colleague, coadjutor,
accomplice, ally, consort, con-
federate, peer.
ANT. Antagonist, enemy, foe,
opponent, rival, stranger, op-
poser.
Federation, fellow-
ship, alliance, companionship,
society, union, partnership,
lodge, company, confederacy,
corporation, fraternity, club.
ANT. Solitude; disintegra-
tion; independence, separation,
ass] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [att

disunion, estrangement, disrup- geous, nefarious, villainous, dia-

tion, avoidance; individuality. bolical, heinous, flagrant, hor-
Assortment. Arrangement, al- rible.
lotment, distribution; set, class, ANT. Humane, noble, honor-
group, parcel, collection; vari- able, admirable, chivalrous, gen-
ety, miscellany. erous.
ANT.Disarrangement, dis- Attachment. Adherence, friend-
placement, misplacement j con- ship, regard, tenderness, love,
glomeration. esteem, affection, devotion, in-
Assuage. Soothe, pacify, miti- clination, union.
gate, ease, alleviate, abate, calm. ANT. A lienation, aversion,
ANT. Excite, inflame, pro- coolness, distance, estrange-
voke, aggravate, exasperate. ment, indifference, antipathy,
Assume. Arrogate, feign, pre- animosity, dislike, enmity, di-
tend, take, usurp, accept, affect, vorce.
appropriate, claim. Attack, v. Assault, storm, as-
ANT. Waive, allow, surren- sail, invade, charge, rush upon,
der; doff; concede, grant, aban- spring upon censure, criticize ;
;

don, resign; demonstrate, prove, combat, besiege, beset.

argue. ANT. Withstand, defend, re-
Assumption. Presumption, hy- sist, support, shield, aid, up-
pothesis, theory, postulate, con- hold, shelter, vindicate, protest.
jecture acceptance of, responsi- Attain.
; Achieve, accomplish,
bility for; usurpation, arro- gain, master, secure, earn, ob-
gance, haughtiness, conceit, tain, win, acquire, accomplish.
lordliness, impudence, effront- ANT. Lose, fail of, forfeit,
ery. give up, abandon, let go, miss.
ANT. Truth, fact; timidity, Attainment. Winning, getting,
distrust, misgiving, consterna- accomplishing, securing; eru-
tion. dition, acquirement, wisdom,
Assurance. Confidence, effront- accomplishment, mental re-
ery, presumption, assumption, sources, information, learning,
arrogance, impudence, self-re- enlightenment.
liance, boldness, assertion; ANT. Inspiration, intuition,
pledge. genius; ignorance.
ANT. Doubt, distrust, hesi- Attempt. Try, undertake, seek,
tancy, misgiving, timidity, con- endeavor, essay, attack, strive.
fusion, dismay, shyness. ANT. Abandon, shun, drop,
Astonish. Amaze, startle, sur- dismiss, negleot.
prise, astound, stupefy, stagger. Attendance. Presence; persons
ANT. Encourage, embolden, present; train, retinue; minis-
assure. tration, service, waiting on.
Astute. Keen, discerning, acute, ANT. Absence; non-atten-
sagacious, shrewd, sharp, cun- dance; neglect, abandonment.
ning, subtle, discriminating, Attention. Care, notice, obser-
knowing, perspicacious, crafty. vation, consideration, watchful-
ANT. Stupid, unintelligent, ness, alertness; study, reflec-
imbecile, dull, idiotic, short- tion, application ; respect, cour-
sighted, shallow. tesy, politeness, civility, regard j
Atrocious. Infamous, outra- courtship, devotion, wooing.
[ 30
att] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [aut

ANT. Indifference, careless- dict, presage, prophesy, divine,

ness, heedlessness, abstraction, prognosticate, betoken.
distraction, absence of mind; ANT. Demonstrate, estab-
neglect, preoccupation, ignor- lish, settle, prove, warrant, cal-
ing. culate.
Attenuate. Rarefy, thin, reduce, August. Awful, imposing, ma-
diminish, make slender, slim, or jestic, stately, grand, regal,
spare, lessen. kingly, princely, noble, dig-
ANT. Amplify, dilate, swell, nified.
develop, enlarge, broaden, ex- ANT. Mean, common, vulgar,
pand, increase. beggarly, commonplace, paltry.
Attest. Bear witness, certify, Auspicious. Successful, fortu-
indorse, corroborate, support, nate, lucky, happy, prosperous;
authenticate; invoke, adjure; propitious, promising, oppor-
prove, show, manifest, exhibit. tune, favorable.
ANT. Controvert, contradict, ANT. Hopeless, abortive, un-
disprove, deny, upset, refute; promising, unsatisfactory, dis-
conceal; vitiate. couraging.
Attire. Dress, apparel, robes, Austere. Severe, hard, stiff,,
garments, habiliments, habit, stern, uncompromising, unre-
raiment, uniform, costume, liv- lenting, ascetic, rigid, formal.
ery. ANT. Affable, kindly, indul-
ANT. Nudity, nakedness. gent, genial, bland, mild, ten-
Attitude. Position, pose, pos- der.
ture, situation, standing, aspect. Authentic. Genuine, trust-
ANT. State, condition, es- worthy, veritable, accepted, au-
sence; amorphism. thorized, certain, accredited,
Attraction. Drawing, allure- sure, true, reliable, original,
ment, lure, fascination, charm, legitimate.
enticement, witchery, grace. ANT. False, fictitious, spuri-
ANT. Repulsion, aversion, ous, unauthorized, apocryphal,
disinclination, repugnance. fabulous, counterfeit.
Attribute, n. Quality, property, Author. Creator, maker, con-
characteristic, peculiarity, triver, originator, inventor ;
mark. writer, composer.
ANT. Essence, substance, na- ANT. Destroyer, demolisher,
ture, being. spoiler, annihilator.
Attribute, v.Ascribe, assign, Authority. Power, government,
impute, refer, charge, connect, empire, dominion; supremacy,
associate. control, influence, interest; or-
ANT. Separate, sever, sun- der, precept, sanction, liberty,
der, disconnect, deny, dissociate. warranty; expert, master, con-
Audacious. Bold, daring, fear- noisseur.
less, courageous, venturesome, ANT. Anarchy, license, in-
intrepid, dauntless ; presumptu- subordination, misrule, lynch
ous, forward, assuming, impu- law; embargo, restriction, hin-
dent, impertinent, insolent, drance, proscription, prohibi-
ANT. Timid, cowardly, cau- tion, injunction, interdiction;
tious; unenterprising; retiring. weakness, wrong, usurpation.
Augur, v. Foretell, portend, pre- Autocratic. Absolute, unlim-
[ 31 ]
aut] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [awls

ited, tyrannical, oppressive, sire, yearning; rapacity, crav-

disdainful, overbearing, arro- ing, greediness.
gant. ANT. Apathy, indifference,
ANT. Subordinate, depend- coldness, aversion, loathing.
ent, responsible, Constitutional. Avoid. Quit, shun, abandon, es-
Automatic. Self-moving, self- cape, elude, withdraw, forsake,
acting. dodge.
ANT. Voluntary, free, op- ANT. Seek, court, approach,
tional. accost, address, affect.
Auxiliary, n. Assistant, helper, Avouch. Assert, affirm, declare,
confederate, aid, ally, acces- protest, profess, asseverate.
sory, promoter, subordinate. ANT. Deny, contradict, gain-
ANT. Opponent, antagonist, say.
hinderer, opposer. Avow. Confess, own, acknowl-
Available. Serviceable, useful, edge, admit, profess, proclaim,
profitable, beneficial, advanta- testify.
geous. ANT. Disavow, repudiate,
ANT. Useless, inappropriate, deny, contradict, disclaim, ig-
irrelevant, inoperative. nore.
Avaricious. Grasping, sordid, Awaken. Rouse, kindle, excite,
greedy, covetous, miserly, provoke.
stingy. ANT. Allay, quiet, subdue.
ANT. Liberal, bountiful, ex- Award. Grant, allot, accord, dis-
travagant, wasteful, prodigal, tribute, assign, decree, deter-
unselfish. mine.
Avenge. Punish, retaliate, re- ANT. Refuse, withhold, re-
venge, vindicate. tain, misappropriate, deny.
ANT. Forgive, pardon, over- Aware. Conscious, sensible, cog-
look, condone, waive, forego, nizant, knowing, apprised,
remit. mindful.
Avenue. Access, entrance, entry, ANT. Unconscious, ignorant,
approach, passage; alley, walk, insensible.
street, road; route, channel. Awe. Fear, dread, reverence,
Aver. Assert, declare, say, pro- veneration, terror, wonder.
test, affirm, asseverate, allege. ANT. Contempt, familiarity,
ANT. Deny, contradict, dis- irreverence, disrespect, inso-
avow. lence.
Average. Medium, medial, mid- Awful. Dread, grand, imposing,
dling, ordinary, tolerable, mod- majestic, noble, portentous, ap-
erate, mediocre, passable. palling, august, alarming, hor-
ANT. Extreme, excessive, per- rible, frightful, shocking, ter-
fect, extraordinary, excellent. rible.
Aversion. hatred, re-
Dislike, ANT. Commonplace, contemp-
pugnance, disgust, loathing, an- tible, despicable, vulgar, undig-
tipathy, abhorrence, detesta- nified.
tion, unwillingness. Awkward. Clumsy, bungling,
ANT. Sympathy, congenial- ungainly, uncouth, rough, un-
ity, ardor, eagerness, avidity, skilful.
love, desire, affection. ANT. Clever, skilful, handyt
Avidity. Eagerness, longing, de- dexterous, adroit.
[ 32 ]
awr] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [bal

Awry. Oblique, slanting, twisted, evident proposition, necessary

crooked, distorted, athwart. truth.
ANT. Straight, direct, true, ANT. Paradox, sophism, con-
right. tradiction, nonsense, absurdity.
Axiom. Truism, postulate, self- Azure. Blue, sky-color, cerulean.

B
Babble. Chatter, prattle, jibber; unfair, unprincipled, villainous ;
prate, gossip, tattle; tell se- pernicious, mischievous, hurt-
crets, blab, blurt out; murmur. ful, injurious, detrimental, un-
ANT. Rush, suppress; enun- wholesome ; unlucky, unfortu-
ciate. nate ; sad, unwelcome, distress-
Babel. Tumult, disorder, clamor, ing, disappointing; sorry, mean,
confusion, discord, din, pother. shabby, vile, wretched, abomi-
ANT. Silence; articulation, nable; poor, imperfect; serious,
distinctness, enunciation; mo- hard, severe.
notony. ANT. Good, perfect, right,
Back, a. and ad. Remote, hind- holy, beautiful, pleasant.
most, in the rear; again, re- Baffle. Frustrate, thwart, defeat,
turn. circumvent, checkmate, under-
ANT. Near, foremost, in ad- mine; bewilder, perplex, con-
vance. found, disconcert.
Back, v. Support, aid, second, ANT. Aid, assist, advance,
sustain, assist; retire, retreat, encourage, promote.
withdraw; move backward, Balance. Poise, hold in equilib-
cause to go backward. rium; weigh, compare, esti-
ANT. Fail, disappoint; ad- mate; neutralize, counteract,
vance, push. compensate equalize, square,
;

Backbiter. Slanderer, defamer, adjust.

traducer, calumniator, de- ANT. Upset, cant, tilt, over-
tractor, cynic. balance, subveri.
ANT. Advocate, upholder, Bald. Bare, hairless; treeless,
defender, vindicator. unsheltered, naked, verdure-
Backslider. Recreant, apostate, less; unadorned, prosaic, dull,
renegade, deserter, abjurer. vapid, tame, inelegant; literal,
ANT. Confessor, zealot, bigot, unvarnished ; mere, unsup-
adherent. ported, uncorroborated.
Backward. Averse, indisposed, ANT. Adorned, periwigged;
reluctant, loath, unwilling, hes- forested, shaded; bright, ele-
itating, wavering; dull, slow, gant, rhetorical; ornate, pol-
stupid, stolid; late, tardy. ished, ivitty, scintillating.
ANT. Forward, eager, will- Baleful. Harmful, hurtful, in-
ing, ready, prompt; quick, jurious, baneful, pernicious,
bright; previous, antecedent, deadly, ruinous.
prior. ANT. Innocent, beneficial,
Bad. Evil, wicked, depraved, salutary, advantageous.
abandoned, corrupt, immoral, Balk. Frustrate, defeat, foil.
[ 33 ]
ban] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [bea

ANT. Aid, promote, insti- ANT. Noble, honored, ex-

gate. alted, pure, valued, lofty, es-
Banish. Dismiss, drive out, teemed, refined.
eject, expel, exile, ostracize, Bashful. Modest, shy, retiring,
evict, expatriate. reserved, diffident.
ANT. Welcome, admit, pro- ANT. Bold, forward, pert,
tect, domesticate, harbor. impudent, confident, conceited,
Banquet. Feast, treat, regale- egoistic.
ment, entertainment, festiv- Basis. Base, foundation, ground-
ity, carousal, cheer. work.
ANT. Fast, starvation, ab- ANT. Apex, top, superstruc-
stinence. ture.
Banter, n. Badinage, irony, rail- Bathe. Wash, lave, cover, flood,
lery, ridicule, satire,chaff, immerse, suffuse.
mockery, jeering, derision. ANT. Dry, expose.
ANT. Discourse, discussion. Battle, n. Fight, contest, skir-
Barbarous. Brutal, atrocious, mish, combat, encounter, bout,
cruel, inhuman, merciless, sav- engagement, strife, action, con-
age, barbaric, barbarian. flict.
ANT. Civilized, humane, po- ANT. Armistice, truce, con-
lite, refined, tender, delicate, cord.
cultured, elegant, nice, courtly. Bauble. Trifle, toy, plaything,
Bare. Nude, naked, unclothed, trinket, gimcrack, knickknack.
exposed; sheer, simple, mere; ANT. Valuable, jewel, orna-
bald, unadorned, meager; poor, ment, decoration, gem, posses-
destitute, indigent, empty. sion.
ANT. Dressed, protected; Bays. Crown, wreath, garland,
rich, luxurious, costly. chaplet; honors, renown, plau-
Bargain. Agreement, contract, dits, praise, glory, applause.
stipulation, transaction ; pur- ANT. Disgrace, contumely,
chase, speculation, haggling, stigma, brand.
getting, proceeds; cheap pur- Beach. Shore, strand, margin,
chase. sands, marge, rim, coast, sea-
ANT. Loss, misprofit; cheat. shore, seaboard.
Barren. Sterile, childless, un- ANT. Ocean, sea, deep, main.
prolific ; unfertile, unproduc- Beacon, n. Signal fire, mark,
tive; uninstructive, ineffectual. sign, guide, light, flame.
ANT. Productive, fertile, lux- ANT. Shadow; dark; icill-

uriant, fecund; profitable, use- o'-the-urisp,ignis fatuus.

ful. Beam, v. Shine, emit rays, bea-
Barrier. Obstruction, hindrance, con, gleam, glitter, be radiant.
obstacle, bar, barricade, ram- ANT. Die out, grow dark, go
part; restraint, restriction. out.
ANT. Thoroughfare, en- Bear. Support, sustain, hold up,
trance, admittance, opening, carry; have, hold, possess; suf-
passage. fer, undergo, endure, tolerate,
Base. Cheap, worthless, inferior ; submit to; permit, allow; main-
vulgar, humble, unknown; tain, cherish, harbor; be re-
mean, contemptible, servile ; sponsible for; produce, yield,
shameful, scandalous, vile. give birth to; generate.
bea] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [beg

ANT. Drop, drag; release, to, turn to, change into; befall,
give up; protest, resist, rebel, bechance, happen to.
resent, reject. ANT. Disagree, clash, mis-
Bearing. Behavior, deportment, match.
demeanor, appearance, aspect, Becoming. Befitting, beseeming,
position, carriage, mien, air; fit, graceful, proper, neat, suit-
relation, connection; patience, able, congruous, worthy.
endurance ;direction, course, ANT. Unseemly, indecent,
aim; effect, force, meaning, derogatory, unsuitable.
scope; producing; bed, socket. Befall. Happen, occur, chance,
ANT. Misbehavior; disconnec- betide.
tion, independence, irrelevancy; ANT. Impend, threaten, loom.
pendency, suspension; diver- Befitting. Decent, becoming,
sion, deflection; inanity, ab- suitable, proper, appropriate,
surdity. expedient.
Beat. Strike, thrash, flog, cud- ANT. Compulsory, obliga-
gel, pound, scourge, whip, bat- tory; improper, inexpedient.
ter, smite, pommel, overcome, Before. Preceding, in front of;
chastise, conquer, defeat, casti- prior to, previous; in advance
gate, bruise, bastinado, belabor, of, ahead of; hitherto; above,
switch, spank, worst, vanquish. in a former place or previous
ANT. Soothe, stroke, caress, passage; formerly, of old, al-
pat, shield, protect, mollify, ready; under the judgment or
heal. control of.
Beatific. Ravishing, enrapturing, ANT. Behind, after, subse-
enchanting, transporting, ec- quently, later.
static. Beg. Beseech, pray, ask, request,
ANT. Tormenting, disgust- supplicate, solicit, sue, implore,
imj, obnoxious. importune.
Beatitude. Bliss, felicity, bles- ANT. Require, demand, ex-
sedness. tort, exact, insist; refuse.
ANT. Suffering, tribulation, Beggar. Mendicant, supplicant,
pain, dolor. pauper, suitor, applicant.
Beautiful. Handsome, lovely, ANT. Bestower, giver, bene-
charming, fair, pretty, graceful, factor.
exquisite, beauteous, bewitch- Beggary. Want, penury, indi-
ing, attractive, picturesque, gence, destitution.
comely. ANT. Riches, wealth, afflu-
ANT. Hideous, repulsive, ence, abundance, plenty.
.ugly, deformed, frightful, Beginning. Origin, commence-
ghastly, grim. ment, fountain, source, spring,
Because. Since, inasmuch as, start, opening, initiation, aris-
for, as. ing, outset, rise, inception, in-
ANT. Yet, notwithstanding, auguration.
however, although, nevertheless. ANT. End,
finish, fulfilment,
Beckon. Signal, sign, call by outcome, conclusion, termina-
gesture, nod. tion, result, effect, expiration,
ANT. Ignore, repulse. completion.
Become. Suit, adorn, fit, set off, Beguile. Cheat, deceive, befool ;
be appropriate to; get or grow amuse, entertain, cheer, solace.
35 >
[
teh] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [beu

ANT. Enlighten, advise; sion; appendage, appurtenance,

weary, Lore. accessory.
Behavior. Conduct, deportment, Belonging, a. Related, connected,
manners, breeding, carriage, appertaining, congenial, cog-
bearing, action, demeanor, life. nate, accompanying.
ANT. Misconduct, misde- ANT. Alien, optional, inde-
meanor. pendent, irrelevant.
Behest. Command, injunction, Below. Under, beneath, under-
charge, precept. neath, hereinafter.
ANT. Option, liberty. ANT. Above, beforementioned,
Behind. Back, astern, rear- previously.
ward. Bend. Curve, twist, crook, bow,
ANT. Before, in front of. deflect, deviate, diverge, twine;
Behold. See, look, discern, gaze, influence, persuade, incline,
scan, observe, contemplate. submit.
ANT. Ignore, miss, wink, ANT. Straighten, stiffen, di-
overlook, disregard, connive. rect; resist, break, crush.
Behoof. Advantage, profit. Beneath. Below, under, under-
ANT. Loss, detriment, disad- neath; unworthy of, unbefit-
vantage. ting.
Being. Reality, existence, actu- ANT. Above, superior to;
ality; essence, inmost nature, over, aloft.
substance, life, vital principle, Benediction. Benison, blessing,
root, heart. beatitude ; gratitude, thanks,
ANT. Nonentity, nullity, non- praise ; benefit, grace, boon.
existence. ANT. Curse, censure, execra-
Beleaguer. Besiege, beset, block- tion, ingratitude.
ade, invest; compass, block up, Benefactor. Patron, supporter,
surround, obstruct, environ. upholder, friend, contributor.
ANT. Abandon; conquer, sub- ANT. Destroyer, enemy, op-
due. pressor, brute.
Belief. Trust, confidence, con- Beneficence. Charity, bounty,
viction, credence, persuasion, liberality, benevolence.
reliance, assurance ; dogma, ANT. Malevolence, hatredf
creed, tenets, opinion, view; stinginess, miserliness, niggard-
credit, acceptance, assent, cur- liness.
rency. Benefit. Boon, service, advan-
ANT. Distrust, denial, dis- tage, profit, favor, blessing.
credit, dissent, rejection, dis- ANT. Evil, loss, damage, ca-
avowal. lamity, injury, privation.
Belligerent. Warlike, contend- Benevolence. Kindness, humane-
ing, conflicting, hostile, rival, ness, charitableness, good will,
opposed, adverse, antagonistic, altruism, beneficence, liberality,
pugnacious, contentious, quar- philanthropy, benignity, bounty,
relsome. humanity, sympathy, munifi-
ANT. Peaceful, friendly, for- cence, generosity, unselfishness,
bearing, pacific, neutral. kind-heartedness.
Belonging, n. Quality, gift, en- ANT. Malevolence, malig-
dowment, attribute property,
; nity, selfishness,stinginess,
goods, estate, chattel, posses- unkindness, brutality, churlish-
[ 36 ]
ben] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS tbey

ness, barbarity, illiberality, self- Betimes. Seasonably, in good

seeking, niggardliness, harsh- time or season.
ness. ANT. Inopportune, late, tardy,
Benign. Kind, gracious, amiable, unseasonable.
gentle, friendly, benevolent, hu- Betoken. Signify, denote, indi-
mane, obliging, good. cate, represent, imply, prove,
ANT. Hateful, harsh, brutal, show, augur ; presage, prefigure,
churlish. foretell, portend.
Bequeath. Will, leave, devise; ANT. Mask, hide, mislead, be-
hand down, transmit, impart. lie, misrepresent.
ANT. Withhold, alienate, dis- Betray. Reveal, expose, divulge,
inherit. deliver up, deceive; manifest,
Bereavement. Deprivation, loss, show, indicate; lure, ensnare,
destitution, affliction, forlorn entrap, beguile; seduce, ruin,
condition, desolation. corrupt.
ANT. Blessing, compensation, ANT. Protect, preserve, fos-
reparation, consolation, resti- ter, cherish, conceal, suppress,
tution, restoration, substitu- guard.
tion. Betrothal. Engagement, plight-
Bereft. Stripped, despoiled, de- ing, affiancing.
prived. Better. Amend, ameliorate, im-
ANT. Endowed, blessed, en- prove, correct, advance, reform.
ricJied, compensated. ANT. Make worse, degrade,
Beseech. Beg, implore, pray, ask, wreck, weaken, cripple, impair,
solicit, entreat, petition, impor- injure.
tune. Between. Amid, among, be-
ANT. Grant, requite, confer; twixt.
disdain, defy. ANT. Outside, beyond, with-
Beset. Surround, circle, hem in, out.
besiege, beleaguer; embarrass. Bewail. Bemoan, lament, sor-
ANT. Defend, defy, repel. row, grieve.
Beside. Near, close together; ANT. Rejoice, joy, exult.
aside from out of.
; Beware. Take care, be cautious,
ANT. Far, distant. be wary, look out, mind.
Besides or Beside. Except, save, ANT. Be reckless, careless;
distinct from; moreover, fur- neglect, ignore.
thermore, else, beyond that. Bewilderment. Confusion, em-
ANT. Apart, separate from; barrassment, daze, maze, per-
exclusively ; finally. plexity, mystification.
Bestow. Give, present, award, ANT. Enlightenment, self-
grant, confer; place, stow, store. possession, calmness, discern-
ANT. Receive; seize, appro- ment, perspicacity.
priate, usurp; disperse, throw Bewitch. Charm, enchant, fasci-
away. nate, captivate.
Bet. Stake, wager, pledge. ANT. Repulse, avoid, recoil,
ANT. Plan, calculate, dispose. annoy, harass.
Betide. Happen, bechance, befall, Beyond. Over, across, remote,
come to pass, occur, take place. farther than, before; yonder,
ANT. Result, be destined or above, exceeding.
doomed. ANT. Beside, near, at hand,
[ 37 ]
bla] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
close; behind, back; below, less
than.
Bias. Bent, inclination, tendency,
leaning, proneness, proclivity,
propensity, partiality, predilec-
tion.
ANT. Repulsion, reaction,
repugnance.
Bicker. Wrangle, quarrel, dis-
pute, squabble.
ANT.Agree, sympathize, un-
derstand, harmonize.
Bidding. Command, order, di-
rection, appointment, mandate ;
offer, bid, proposal.
ANT. Request, solicitation;
refusal, rebuff.
Bide. Dwell, stay, reside, wait,
tarry, remain ; endure, bear.
ANT. Depart, go, move, mi-
grate; resist, rebel, protest.
Big. Large, great, wide, bulky,
huge, gross, fat; proud, arro-
gant, haughty, pompous.
ANT. Small, little, least,
thin, narroio; humble, subservi-
ent, unassuming.
Bigot. Zealot, fanatic, dogma-
tist, devotee.
ANT. Skeptic, liberal, apos-
tate, proselyte, doubter, agnos-
tic.
Bigoted. Intolerant, opinion-
ated, prejudiced, dogmatical,
narrow-minded, one-sided.
ANT. Liberal, broad-minded,
open to conviction.
Bill. Account, charge, score,
amount due, reckoning; draft of
law; poster, placard, advertise-
ment.
Bind. Fetter, tie, fasten, shackle,
restrict, restrain, secure; com-
pel, oblige, engage.
ANT. Free, loose, set free,
untie.
Birth. Family, parentage, origin,
source, lineage, nativity, de-
scent, extraction, race ; rise.
ANT. Death, extinction.
[ 38
[bla
Bit. Part, piece, fragment, morsel.
ANT. Whole, mass, aggrega-
tion.
Biting. Gnawing, sharp, severe,
sardonic, censorious, piercing,
sarcastic, trenchant.
ANT. Pleasant, gentle, sooth-
ing, genial, flattering.
Bitter. Harsh, caustic, cutting,
savage, acidulous, acrimonious,
irate, sharp, sour, stinging,
pungent, virulent.
ANT. Sweet, honeyed, nee-
tared, luscious, dulcet, saccha-
rine.
Blacken. Slander, malign, de-
fame, daub, bespatter, befoul,
asperse, traduce, vilify, decry,
calumniate.
ANT. Clear, eulogize, vindi-
cate, whiten, whitewash.
Blackguard. Rascal, scoundrel,
villain.
ANT. Gentleman.
Blame. Censure, rebuke, chide,
reprove, reproach, condemn, vi-
tuperate, reprobate, reprehend,
dispraise.
ANT. Approve, praise, exon-
erate, acquit, exculpate.
Blameless. Pure, innocent, irre-
sponsible, without fault.
ANT. Guilty, implicated,
blameworthy, faulty.
Blanch. Bleach, whiten, white-
wash.
ANT. Blacken, stain, dye,
darken, color.
Bland. Soft, gentle, mild, af-
fable, gracious, tender, benign,
courteous, complaisant.
ANT. Harsh, abrupt, rough,
biting, savage, severe, impolite.
Blandishment. Flattery, coax-
ing, fascination, wheedling, at-
traction, charm, fawning, cajol-
ery.
ANT. Bluntness, unmanner-
liness, roughness, scolding, se-
verity, sternness.
bla] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [bio

Blank. Bare, drear, bleak, void, boon, gain ; glory, praise, grati-
empty; utter, pure, simple, tude.
mere, unqualified, unmitigated ; ANT. Malediction, curse; be-
amazed, astonished, confused, reavement, impoverishment, ca-
disconcerted. lamity, deprivation, disaster,
ANT. Full, replete; complex; damage, detriment.
modified, qualified; composed, Blight. Pestilence, withering,
controlled, self-possessed, cog- blast, destruction,
nizant, intelligent. ANT. Development, matur-
Blasphemy. Profanity, sacri- ity.
lege, impiety, swearing. Blind. Sightless, unseeing, eye-
ANT. Reverence, godliness, less,undiscerning, ignorant, un-
veneration. conscious, uninformed.
Blast. Shrivel, destroy, blight, ANT. Clear-sighted, far-see-
kill, ruin, wither, annihilate; ing, discerning, penetrating,
explode, rend, burst. conscious, keen, aware, sensi-
ANT. Restore, expand, swell. tive.
Blazon. Exhibit, show off, Blink. Wink, ignore, connive,
blaze, blare, trumpet, proclaim, overlook.
publish. ANT. Notice, note, mark.
ANT. Conceal, hush, cover, Bliss. Blessedness, happiness,
hide, suppress, shroud, bury. joy, ecstasy, rapture, felicity,
Bleach. Blanch, whiten. beatitude.
ANT. Blacken, darken, soil, ANT. Torment, woe, suffer-
stain. ing, misery, accursedness.
Bleak. Windy, exposed, bare; Blithe. Merry, joyous, cheer-
cold, chill, raw, desolate, com- ful, gay, lively, airy, sportive,
fortless, cheerless. blithesome, mirthful, jocund,
ANT. Sheltered, protected, elated, vivacious, joyful.
warm, balmy, cheerful, com- ANT. Dejected, heavy, dull,
fortable. sullen.
Blemish. Blot, spot, flaw, fault, Block. Obstruct, arrest, stop,
imperfection, stain; deface- fill.

ment, tarnish, disfigurement, ANT. Free, open, clear.

disgrace, defect, dishonor, Blockhead. Dunce, dolt, stupid
stigma, taint. fellow, numskull, ninny, simple-
ANT. Purity, unsulliedness, ton, ignoramus, dullard, booby.
honor, integrity, wholeness. ANT. Sage, adept, savant,
Blend. Mix, unite, fuse, merge, philosopher, schoolman, lumi-
mingle, amalgamate, combine, nary.
coalesce, harmonize. Blood-thirsty. Cruel, savage,
ANT. Separate, run, dissoci- ferocious, murderous, bloody,
ate, divide. bloody-minded, gory, barbarous,
Bless. Delight, gladden, make inhuman, ruthless, sanguinary.
happy, thank, glorify, exalt, ANT. Humane, kind, merci-
praise, extol, felicitate, cheer. ful, mild, tender, compassionate.
ANT. Curse, anathematize, Bloom, n. Blossom, flower,
sadden, grieve. flowering, efflorescence; flush,
Blessing. Benediction, benison; freshness, prime, vigor, glow;
good, benefit, happiness, profit, delicacy, innocence.
[ 39 ]
bio] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [boi

ANT. Decay, decadence, Blunt, a. Obtuse, dull, pointless,

blight, blast, roughness, tough- edgeless, brusk, abrupt, plain,
ness, ghastliness, superannua- informal, stupid, stolid.
tion, cadaver ousness, coarse- AXT. Sharp, keen, acute,
ness. sensitive, polished, courteous,
Bloom, v. Blossom, bud, flower, refined.
germinate, sprout, blow, de- Blunt, Subdue, numb, hard-
v.

velop. en, make dull, deaden,

dull,
ANT. Blight, be blasted, paralyze, stupefy ; moderate,
wither. allay, mitigate, assuage.
Blooming. Flourishing, flower- ANT. Quicken, sharpen, in-
ing; young, beautiful, fair, stigate, excite, stimulate, ani-
fresh. mate, vitalize.
ANT. Fading, waning, old, Blush, n. Bloom, color, redden-
unsightly, deformed, blasted, ing, carnation, complexion;
withered. shame, confusion, guiltiness.
Blot. Sully, spot, tarnish, spoil, ANT. Pallor ; innocence, pu-
discolor, pollute, stain, erase, rity, unconsciousness; boldness,
blur, blotch, smear, smutch, effrontery.
obliterate. Bluster. Storm, rage, insult,
ANT.
Cleanse, clear, whiten, roar, swagger, vaunt, boast.
blanch: perpetuate, preserve. ANT. Cringe, whine, ivhim-
Blot out. Erase, cancel, ex- per.
punge, obliterate, efface, de- Boast. Vaunt, brag, swagger,
stroy,wipe out. magnify, make much of, swell,
ANT. Restore, replace. bluster, triumph, glory, vapor.
Blow, n. Knock, thump, stroke, ANT. Whine, cringe; mini-
box, buffet, calamity, cuff, cut, mize, apologize.
concussion, disaster, lash, mis- Bodily. Corporeally; completely,
fortune, rap. shock, stroke, wholly, altogether, entirely, col-
wound, affliction, blast, gale, lectively, unitedly.
gust; disappointment. ANT. Spiritually, ghostly;
ANT. Kelief, comfort, bless- piecemeal, partially, gradually,
ing, consolation, assuagement. fragmcntarili/.
Bluff. Abrupt, blunt, inconsid- Body. Material or physical sub-
erate, open, rough, unmannerly, stance; carcass, corpse; trunk,
uncivil, blustering, bold, stem, bulk, main part; person,
brusque, coarse, discourteous, individual, mortal, creature,
frank, impolite, plain-spoken, being; company, society, cor-
rude. poration system consistency,
; ;

ANT. Bland, courteous, ge- substance; ashes, form, dust,

nial, polite, refined, reserved, frame, remains, clay.
urbane, polished. ANT. Intellect, intelligence,
Blunder. Error, mistake, mis- soul, spirit, mind; branch,
understanding, fault, slip, over- limb; world, iiniverse; mass,
sight, inaccuracy, delusion. conglomeration.
ANT. Accuracy, correctness, Boil. Bubble, rage, effervesce,
truthfulness, exactness, ratifi- explode, fume.
cation, foresight, achievement, ANT. Calm, subside, cool, re-
success, correction. cover.

I 40 ]
boi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hot

Boisterous. Loud, unrestrained, ant, countryman, plowman,

stormy, noisy, furious, violent, swain, bumpkin.
clamorous. ANT. Gentleman, courtier.
ANT. Quiet, silent, unosten- Boorish. Rude, rustic, clownish,,
tatious, mild, gentle, peaceful, loutish, ungainly, awkward,
calm, serene, self-possessed. coarse, rough, gawky.
Bold. Courageous, fearless, ad- ANT. Polite, civil, polished,
venturous, brave, intrepid, urbane, courtly, affable, gra-
dauntless, audacious, daring, cious.
valiant. Bootless. Useless, unavailing,,
ANT. Timorous, fearful, re- unprofitable, profitless, vain.
tiring, shy, bashful. ANT. Effectual, profitable,
Bolster. Support, prop, help, useful, effective.
sustain, aid, buoy, patch, de- Booty. Plunder, prey, spoil, pil-
fend, maintain. lage, loot.
ANT. Depress, fail, relax. ANT. Restitution, fine, for-
Bombast. Bluster, pomposity, feiture, confiscation, penalty.
fustian, braggadocio, rhodo- Border. Edge, limit, boundary,
montade. brink, rim, verge, enclosure,
ANT. Modesty, humility, ve- confine, band.
racity, moderation, temperance. ANT. Land, tract, interior,
Bond. Tie, fastening, manacle, center, space, substance.
fetter; compact, obligation, se- Bore. Pierce, perforate, pene-
curity. trate, drill weary, plague,
;

ANT. Option, freedom, pa- trouble, vex, worry, annoy.

role, honor, discretion. ANT. Delight, gratify, please.
Bondage. Servitude,slavery, Bosom. Breast, heart, affection;
imprisonment, captivity, incar- hollow, depths, midst, inmost
ceration, subjection, serfdom, recesses ; retreat, retirement,
confinement, thraldom. quiet, privacy.
ANT. Liberty, freedom, man- ANT. Surface, exterior, ex-
umission, independence. panse; manner, deportment, de-
Bondsman. Slave, serf, captive, meanor.
vassal, prisoner. Both. Twain, two.
ANT. Freeman, gentleman, ANT. Either, each, every,
master, lord. neither, none, not any, no one.
Bonny. Fair, pretty, pleasant, Bother. Worry, pester, perplex,
handsome, shapely, buxom. harass, plague, tease, vex, mo-
ANT. Homely, ufjly, un- lest,annoy, excite.
seemly, deformed, ill-favored. ANT. Aid, assist, calm, quiet,
Bonus. Premium, douceur, boon, compose.
benefit. Bottom. Deep, profound, base,,
ANT. Fine, penalty, dis- foot foundation, basis, ground-
;

count, mulct. work; valley, meadow; ship,

Booby. Dunce, idiot, numskull. vessel; seat; grounds, lees, sedi-
ANT. Wiseacre, solon, oracle. ments; stamina, power of en-
Bookish. Pedantic, studious, durance.
learned, erudite, educated. ANT. Top, height, acme r
ANT. Illiterate, ignorant. apex, summit, crown, brow; sur-
Boor. Rustic, clown, lout, peas- face.
bou] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [bre

Bound, v. Skip, leap, frisk, jump, Brand, v. Denounce, mark, stig-

spring; confine, limit, circum- matize, disgrace.
scribe, terminate, restrict, re- ANT. Honor, decorate, dis-
strain. tinguish.
ANT. Hobble, limp, crawl, Brandish. Flourish, wield, whisk,
creep, shamble; enlarge, open, shake, wave.
extend, spread out. ANT. Suspend, stay, arrest.
Boundary. Margin, limit, con- Bravado. Boasting, bragging,
fines, border, bound, frontier, bluster.
line, marge, verge, termination, ANT. Diffidence, reserve, con-
term, barrier, bourn, edge, en- cealment, modesty.
closure, landmark ; circumfer- Brave. Fearless, heroic, un-
ence. daunted, undismayed, adventur-
ANT. Land, region, estate, ous, bold, courageous, daring,
interior, territory; center, cita- dauntless, gallant, intrepid,
del; inside. valiant, venturesome, doughty,
^Boundless. Unlimited, illimit- chivalrous, chivalric, splendid,
able, unbounded, measureless, courteous.
infinite. ANT. Afraid, cringing, fear-
ANT. "Narrow, restricted, ful, shrinking, timid, timorous,
confined, circumscribed. frightened, cowardly, faint-
Bountiful. Liberal, generous, hearted, pusillanimous, churl-
benevolent, unselfish, munifi- ish, discourteous, fearsome.
cent. Brawny. Muscular, strong,
ANT. Miserly, selfish, stingy, powerful, athletic, sinewy, her-
niggardly. culean, robust, stout.
Bounty. Liberality, gift, gener- ANT. Weak, fragile, deli-
osity, charity, benefaction, be- cate, feeble, effeminate, lean.
nignity, benevolence, munifi- Breach. Break, rupture, open-
cence, donation; premium, re- ing, fracture, flaw, fissure, rent;
ward, bonus. violation, infringement, non-
ANT. Closeness, stinginess, observance; quarrel, difference,
niggardliness, miserliness. variance, dissension, schism, ali-
Bower. Recess, arbor, retreat, enation.
alcove, summerhouse. ANT. Integrity, wholeness,
ANT. Open place. fiawlessness, completeness; rec-
Brag. Boast, vaunt, bully, swag- onciliation, healing; conserva-
ger. tion, observance; inviolat eness ;
ANT. Cringe, whine, whim- union, fidelity, amalgamation.
per. Break. Fracture, rend, part,
Braid. Bind, weave, plait, tie. sever, shatter, smash, shiver;
ANT. Unbind, dishevel. weaken, impair, enfeeble, ener-
Branch. Member, bough, limb, vate; tame; make bankrupt;
shoot, arm, twig, scion, offshoot, dismiss, discard, degrade, cash-
ramification ; section, depart- ier; mitigate, assuage; inter-
ment, division; article, part, rupt, stop, cut short; open, un-
portion; tributary; derivative fold; destroy, sunder, burst,
line, cognate stock. rive, crack, crush, demolish,
ANT. Trunk, stock, stem; rupture, split, transgress.
race, family, house. ANT. Fasten, join, mend, se-
[ 42 ]
Tire] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [bri

cure, unite, weld, attach, bind, master, moderate, compress, re-

solder, heal, piece, conjoin, re- press.
join; protect, conserve; en- ANT. Relax, loosen, give vent,
courage, strengthen, preserve; liberate, discharge; soothe,
observe, obey. calm.
Breast. Bosom, heart, affection, Brief. Short, concise, succinct.
conscience. ANT. Long, tedious, diffuse.
Breathless. Out of breath ; life- Bright, Shining, resplendent, lu-
less, dead ; exhausted, eager, ab- minous, glowing, lustrous,
sorbed, attentive, fascinated beaming, gleaming, glistening,
;

astonished, astounded, bewil- blazing, naming, flashing, radi-

dered. ant, ruddy, refulgent, brilliant,
ANT. Calm, collected, cool,
composed; indifferent, uninter-
ested.
Breed, n. Lineage, race, pedigree,
progeny, stock, line, family, ex-
traction, strain.
ANT. Ancestor, source, orig-
inal, origin.
Breed, v. Bring forth, bear, be-
get, produce; nurture, foster,
nourish; discipline, educate, in-
struct, train, teach, school; oc-
casion, originate, generate, pro-
create, propagate, cause, evolve.
ANT. Destroy, extirpate,
stifle,extinguish.
Breeding. Discipline, instruc-
tion, education, nurture, train-
ing, schooling; manners, de-
portment.
ANT. Ill manners, misbe-
havior; ignorance, illiteracy.
Brevity. Shortness, terseness,
conciseness, compression, pithi-
ness, succinctness, pointedness;
abbreviation, abridgment.
ANT. Prolixity, diffuseness,
verbosity, length, protraction,
elongation, extension, tedious-
ness.
Brew. Concoct, compound, mix,
hatch, foment, excite; prepare,
collect, gather, grow; threaten,
impend; form.
ANT. Disperse, break, spoil,
mar, miscompound.
Bridle, v. Restrain, curb, control,
govern, check; bristle, ruffle;
dazzling, sparkling, scintillat-
ing, burnished; lucid, clear,
transparent, pellucid, lambent,
cloudless, limpid; glorious, fa-
mous, illustrious ; intelligent,
acute, discerning, keen, ingeni-
ous ; auspicious, promising, pro-
pitious, favorable, inspiring ;
cheerful, merry, lively, happy,
animated.
ANT. Opaque, dull, dark,
gloomy, black, ebon, shadoioy-,
rayless, sunless, murky, cloudy,
overcast, pitchy, lurid; obscure,
mysterious, enigmatical, mystic,
unintelligible, occult, recondite,
abstruse, cabalistic, transcen-
dental; disheartening, discour~
aging, dismal, cheerless; igno-
rant, unlettered, untaught, im-
becile, rude, benighted; foul,
infamous, horrible, damnable,
vile, infernal, wicked, sullen,
atrocious, dejected.
Brilliant. Bright, radiant, flash-
ing, lustrous, glorious, lumi-
nous, effulgent, beaming, spark-
ling; illustrious, distinguished,
celebrated, famous, renowned,
eminent.
ANT. Dark, dull, stupid,
gloomy; notorious, infamous;
obscure, insignificant.
Bring. Bear, fetch, convey; con-
duct, lead, attend, ac-
guide,
company, convoy; obtain, gain,
procure, produce; induce, pre-
vail upon.

[ 43 ]
fcri] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [bul

ANT. Remove, export, send, Browbeat. Bully, intimidate,

exclude, debar, transport, ab- bulldoze, overawe.
stract, subtract. ANT. Rally, support.
Brisk. Lively, quick, vivacious, Bruise. Pommel, crush, squeeze,
active, alert, animated, prompt, break, pound, batter, deface.
sprightly, nimble, spry, agile. ANT. Heal, soothe.
ANT. Slow, heavy, dull, slug- Brunt. Shock, attack, impulse,
gish, indolent, inactive, unener- onslaught, onset, assault.
getic, stagnant. ANT. Repulse, resistance, en-
Bristling. Full, crowded, durance.
swarming, stocked, multifari- Brutal. Brutish, animal, beastly,
ous, multitudinous bristly,
;
bestial ; savage, ferocious, cruel,
standing on end like bristles; harsh, uncivil, rude, rough,
ruffled, roughened, corrugated, gruff, impolite, brusque j sen-
bespined; bridled, angered, of- sual, carnal.
fended. ANT. Humane, self-con~
ANT. Smooth, soothed, al- trolled, civilized, enlightened,
layed; prone; bare, nude, scant, elevated, noble, refined, intelli-
devoid, vacant. gent, grand.
Brittle. Fragile, crumbling, Bubble. Toy, trifle, fancy, con-
shivery, frail, easily broken. ceit, dream, vision, froth, trash.
ANT. Tough, stout, strong, ANT.
Prize, treasure, real-
hardy. substance, jewel, good, ad-
ity,
Broach.. Open, pierce, tap; sug- vantage.
gest, hint, approach, break; Buffoon. Wag, clown, jester,
utter, publish, proclaim, give mountebank, harlequin, droll,
out originate, propound.
; punch, fool.
ANT. Repress, cork, bottle, ANT. Wit, genius, pedant,
secrete, conceal, hide. philosopher.
Broad. Wide; large, ample, ex- Build. Make, form, shape, figure,
tensive, spacious, capa-
vast, model; construct, erect, raise.
cious; liberal, tolerant, free, ANT. Demolish, overthrow,
hospitable ; spread, diffused, destroy.
open; gross, vulgar, indecent, Building. Architecture, edifice,
coarse. structure, fabric, pile, erection.
ANT. Narrow; contracted, ANT. Ruin, demolition, di-
restricted, confined, limited; lapidation, dismantlement.
prejudiced, illiberal, bigoted, re- Bulk. Magnitude, size, volume,
served; veiled, enigmatical, mass; greatness, amplitude,
shrouded, shaded; refined, deli- massiveness majority, major
;

cate, sketchy; specific, pointed. part, most, principal part; di-

Broil. Affray, quarrel, conten- mension.
tion. ANT. Portion, section, atom,
Brook. Tolerate, bear, suffer, en- particle; diminution, tenuity,
dure, abide, submit to, undergo, contraction, dismemberment,
permit. disintegration.
ANT. Resist, resent, reject. Bulwark. Rampart, fortress,
Brotherhood. Fraternity, fel- fortification, stronghold, in-
lowship, association, sodality, trench ment, bastion, parapet,
society. citadel.

[ 44 ]
bun] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [by

ANT. Siefe, bombardment, blow up, rend, split, crack, dis-

cannonade, boarding, storm- charge, shatter, disrupt.
ing. ANT. Cohere, hold, stand,
Bungler. Botcher, clown, fum- stick, together, adhere.
bler, clumsy workman, novice. Bury. Inter, cover up, entomb,
ANT. Adept, adroit, master, inearth, inhume, inurn; shroud,
artist, proficient workman, pro- conceal, secrete, hide; immure,
fessor. confine; cancel, compose, hush,
Buoy, v. Float, support, sus- cover with oblivion.
tain; elevate, inspire, assure, ANT. Resurrect, exhume, dis-
animate, cheer. inter, excavate, expose, resusci-
ANT. Kink, droicn, depress, tate; publish, announce, adver-
swamp; crush, betray, fail, de- tise.
ject, overcome. Business. Employment, craft,
Buoyant. Light; cheerful, hope- trade, commerce, handicraft,
ful, sprightly, vivacious, joyous, trallic, transaction, work, voca-
blithesome, jocund, sportive, tion, job, affairs, avocation, pro-
jubilant, elastic, floating. fession, occupation, culling, con-
ANT. Heavy, defected, de- cern, duty, office, interest.
pressed, moody, joyless, cheer- AXT. Stagnation, leisure, in-
less,desponding. activity.
Burden. Load, weight; cargo, Bustle. Activity, stir, commo-
freight; capacity, tonnage: im- tion, excitement, haste, hurry,
pediment, incubus, grievance, energy, eagerness, flurry.
trial, trouble, affliction, sor- ANT. Idleness, inactivity,
row; chorus, refrain; topic, vacation, stagnation, quiet, in-
drift, tenor, point, substance. dolence, indifference, unconcern.
ANT. Ease, lightness; facil- Busy. Engaged, employed, occu-
ity, airiness, light-heartedness; pied; diligent, industrious, ac-
consolation, assuagement, alle- tive, working, sedulous; brisk,
ri<:lion, liberation, mitigation. stirring, bustling, agile, spry,
Burial. Interment, sepulture, nimble; meddling, officious.
entombment, burying. ANT. Idle, lazy, indolent,
ANT. Exhumation, disinter- slothful.
ment. But. Save, except, furthermore,
Burlesque. Parody, travesty, barely, besides, however, just,
caricature, ridicule, farce. only, notwithstanding, though,
ANT. Classic, history, fact. unless, yet, still, merely, never-
Burn. Char, consume, cremate, theless, provided, moreover.
scorch, set on fire, singe, ignite, Buxom. Bonny, blithe, shapely.
incinerate, kindle, blaze, cau- ANT. Lean, slend er, ill-shaped.
terize, glow, smolder. Buy. Purchase, bargain, ac-
ANT. Smother, stifle, subdue, quire ; bribe, corrupt, pervert,
extinguish, cool, put out; sub- suborn, subsidize.
side, glimmer, lower, pale. ANT. Sell, hawk, retail, vend.
Burnish. Brighten, polish, make By. Through, with; at, on;
to glisten, glaze, gloss. from, according to; near, close
ANT. Dull, bedim, cloud, by; past; along, over; before,
scratch, abrade. in the sight of, in the name of;
Burst. Break, open, explode, per, at.
 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cal

Cabal. Confederacy, conspiracy, Calculating. Wary, cautious,

conclave, combination, faction, scheming, crafty, cool, hard,
crew, junto, gang, coterie, plot, selfish; careful, circumspect, sa-
political intrigue, league. gacious, farsighted.
Cadaverous. Bloodless, pallid, ANT. Shortsighted, improvi-
pale, wan, ghastly, deathlike, dent, rash, careless.
ashy. Calculation. Reckoning, compu-
ANT. Rosy, blushing, san- tation; expectation, anticipa-
guine, incarnadine. tion, prospect; foresight, fore-
Cage, v. Imprison, immure, con- thought, caution, wariness, dis-
fine, incarcerate. cretion, prudence, deliberation.
ANT. Liberate, free, dismiss, ANT. Omission, carelessness,
unbar. imprudence, indiscretion, in-
Caitiff. Rascal, miscreant, vil- consideration.
lain, wretch, coward, sneak, Caliber. Diameter, gage, capac-
traitor, scoundrel, vagabond. ity; faculty, scope, talent, abil-
ANT. Gentleman, patriot, ity, gifts, parts, endowment.
philanthropist. ANT. Smallness, thinness;
Cajole. Coax, wheedle, flatter, imbecility, incapacity, pueril-
fawn upon, blandish; deceive, ity.
entrap, beguile, inveigle, im- Call. Cry, bellow, clamor, ejacu-
pose upon. late, scream, roar, shout, shriek,
ANT. Scold, chide, warn. bawl, yell, exclaim, vociferate;
Calamitous. Disastrous, unfor- invite, summon, send for, bid;
tunate, unlucky, adverse, un- assemble, convene, muster;
toward, deplorable, ruinous, in- elect, ordain, appoint; invoke,
auspicious, wretched, distress- appeal to.
ing, grievous, ill-starred, troub- ANT. Be silent, hush, list,
lous, hapless, ill-omened. listen, harken, be still; ignore;
ANT. Fortunate, auspicious, disperse; disdain, defy.
felicitous, propitious, favorable, Calm. Composed, peaceful, pla-
advantageous. cid, quiet, still, tranquil, self-
Calamity. Disaster, misfortune, possessed, serene, undisturbed,
catastrophe, mishap, trial, dispassionate, sedate, collected,
trouble, affliction, adversity, imperturbable, unruffled.
distress, hardship, ill luck, vis- ANT. Frantic, frenzied, pas-
itation. sionate, furious, raging, stormy,
ANT. Blessing, boon, advan- violent, boisterous, agitated, ex-
tage,good fortune, benefaction. cited, fierce, turbulent, icild,
Calculate. Number, reckon, sum heated, wrathful, disturbed.
up, count, compute, account, Calumniate. Slander, traduce,
estimate, enumerate, rate; con- defame, vilify, revile, asperse.
sider, deem, apportion, investi- ANT. Praise, commend, vin-
gate. dicate, laud, honor, eulogise;
ANT. Guess, risk, chance, shield.
conjecture, stake. Calumny. Slander, aspersion,
cam] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cap

defamation, detraction, abuse, ness, skill, aptitude; sphere,

obloquy. office, province, character, func-
ANT. Vindication, justifi- tion.
cation; eulogy, panegyric. ANT. Restriction, narrow-
Camp. Encampment, bivouac. ness, contractedness, incapac-
Cancel. Obliterate, scratch out, ity; vncompetency, inefficiency,
erase, efface, expunge, cross off ; inability.
abolish, abrogate, nullify, an- Capital, n. Metropolis; large
nul, revoke, rescind, make void, letter; stock, sum invested; head
repeal. of a column or pillar; mental,
ANT. Confirm, enact, perpet- physical, or financial resources.
uate, approve, enforce, uphold, Capital, a. Chief, principal, es-
sustain, maintain, establish, sential, leading, cardinal ; fatal,
record, write. forfeiting life ; excellent, prime,
Candid. Honest, open, straight- first-class, first-rate, consum-
forward, transparent, unbiased, mate, high, important.
artless, frank, guileless, ingenu- ANT. Subordinate, inferior,
ous, naive, sincere, impartial, unimportant, minor; defective,
innocent, unprejudiced, above- mean.
board, simple, truthful, unso- Capitulate. Surrender, yield,
phisticated, fair. submit, stipulate.
ANT. Deceitful, designing, ANT. Resist, contend, strug-
foxy, sharp, shrewd, crafty, art- gle.
ful, sly, tricky, subtle, adroit, Caprice. Vagary, freak, whim y
cunning, insincere, diplomatic, fancy, crotchet.
intriguing, wily. ANT. Purpose, plan, deter-
Candidate. Aspirant, solicitant, mination, conviction, serious-
petitioner, canvasser, claimant, ness.
solicitor. Capricious. Wayward, fanciful,
ANT. Non-competitor; re- freakish, whimsical, inconstant,
signer, abandoner, abjurer. uncertain, fitful, fickle, change-
Canvass. Debate, discuss, dis- able.
pute, agitate; examine, investi- ANT. Firm, inflexible, un-
gate, scrutinize, sift, study, con- sicerving, constant, decided, se-
sider; solicit votes from, apply rious.
for. Captious.
Carping, hypercriti-
ANT. Admit, pass, misexam- censorious; crabbed, snap-
cal,
ine, allow, ignore, disregard. pish, touchy, cross, snarling,
Capability. Capacity, ability, acrimonious, contentious; in-
skill, power, competency, effi- sidious, ensnaring.
ciency, caliber, force, faculty, ANT. Appreciative, commen-
scope, brains, talent. datory, complimentary, encour-
ANT. Dulness, inability, in- aging, flattering, laudatory, ap-
aptitude, difficulty, awkward- proving.
ness. Captivate. Charm, enchant, fas-
Capacity. Space, magnitude, vol- cinate, enamor, bewitch, please
ume, dimensions, extent, size, highly, lead captive, win, catch.
tonnage, caliber; faculty, gift, ANT. Disenchant, disillu-
talent, genius, competency, ca- sionize; disgust.
pability, discernment, clever- Captivity. Thraldom, confine-
[ 47 ]
eap] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cas

ment, duress, imprisonment, Carnal. Sensual, fleshly, lustful,

bondage, subjection, slavery, lascivious natural, unregener-
;

servitude, durance. ate, earthly, temporal.

ANT. Freedom, liberty, in- ANT. Spiritual, ethereal, re-
dependence. fined, pure, exalted, temperate,
Capture. Seize, catch, arrest, self-controlled.
apprehend, make captive prize. Carnival.
; Festival, revel, mas-
ANT. Liberate, free, release;querade, rout.
acquit. ANT. Fast, retirement, Lent,
Care. Anxiety, trouble, solici- penance, mortification.
tude, concern, vigilance, worry, Carol. Sing, warble, chirp, twit-
charge, caution, attention, heed, ter, chant, whistle, hum; hymn.
forethought, management, per- ANT. Whine, lament, dirge,
plexity, watchfulness, wariness, cry, croak, weep, groan, moan.
precaution, oversight, prudence. Carousal. Feast, festival, ban-
ANT. Indifference, heedless- quet, revel, debauch, wassail,
ness, negligence, oversight, re- orgies.
missness, slight, recklessness, ANT. Fast, abstinence, star-
disregard, carelessness, inatten- vation; temperance, modera-
tion. tion; self-denial.
Career. Course, line of achieve- Carp. Cavil, find fault, object to,
ment, passage, race, flight, pro- pick flaws, challenge, censure,
cedure, conduct, progress, ac- hypercriticize.
tive life, success. ANT. Concede, admit, com-
Careful. Thoughtful, provident, pliment, approve, applaud, ac-
considerate, reflective, heedful, quiesce, assent.
diligent, pensive, regardful, con- Carpet. Covering for floor; table
templative. or board (metaphorical), con-
ANT. Careless, thoughtless, sideration, consultation.
improvident, unthinking, heed- ANT. Shelf (metaphorical),
less, inconsiderate, rash, wan- rejection, oblivion, disposal.
ton, idle, dreamy, trifling. Carry. Convey, move, transport,
Caress, v. Embrace, fondle, kiss, lift, bring, bear, transmit, sup-
pet, pamper, coddle, court, flat- port, sustain, take; impel, urge,
ter. push forward signify, infer, in-
;

ANT. Vex, tease, affront, an- volve, implicate.

noy, provoke, persecute. ANT. Drop, let go, throw
Cargo. Freight, load, goods, lad- down, fall under, shake off; re-
ing, consignment, merchandise. tard, impede; leave, be separate
Caricature. Imitation, mimicry, from.
parody, travesty, burlesque, ex- Case. Box; covering, sheathe;
aggeration, extravaganza, take- state, condition, plight, predica-
off, farce, monstrosity. ment; instance, example, occur-
ANT. Portraiture, resem- rence circumstance, event, con-
;

blance, representation, repro- tingency; suit, action, process,

duction. trial, cause; question, subject
Carnage. Massacre, bloodshed, of discussion; form, inflec-
slaughter, havoc, butchery. tion.
ANT. Deliverance, ransom, ANT. Hypothesis, supposi-
Quarter, redemption. tion, fancy, theory, conjecture;

t 48 ]
cas] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS tcea

generalisation, principle, uni- ANT. Lose, miss, fail of, let

versality. go, give up, release, restore.
Cash. Coin, money, specie, cur- Categorical. Plain, absolute,
rency, capital. distinct, positive, declaratory,
ANT. Paper money, green- affirmative.
backs, bills. ANT. Obscure, ambiguous,
Cast. Hurl, throw, pitch, fling, dubious, hypothetical, contin-
drive, thrust, sling, toss; shed, gent, mystical, enigmatical.
lay aside; calculate, compute, Category. Class, division, order,
reckon; found, form; direct, rank; universal aspect, primi-
turn; assign, appoint, allot; tive relation.
impart, shed, diffuse, communi- ANT. Essence, truth, being,
cate. substance, nature.
ANT. Raise, elevate, erect; Causality. Causation, potenti-
accept, approve, retain, carry; ality, eventuality, operative-
miscalculate; break, dismember, ness.
dissipate. ANT. Counteractivity, bar-
Caste. Grade, rank, order, line- renness, sterility; finality.
age, dignity, respect. Cause. Agent, origin, source, cre-
ANT. Abasement, degrada- ator, spring; reason, power;
tion, disrepute, taboo, reproach, designer, antecedent, origina-
ostracism. tor, author, producer; condi-
Castigate. Whip, flagellate, cane. tion, principle.
ANT. Reward, encourage, ca- ANT. Effect, result, end, pro-
ress, pat. duction, issue, accomplishment,
Casual. Accidental, incidental, development, consequence, cre-
fortuitous, chance, contingent. ation, fruit, event, outcome,
ANT. Regular, certain, fixed, outgrowth.
ordinary, pc-riorlir, systematic. Caution. Care, heed, wariness,
Casuistry. Sophistry, fallacy, circumspection, forethought,
quibble; refinement. discretion; warning, admoni-
ANT. Reason, common sense, tion, advice, counsel.
conscience. ANT. Temerity, heedlessness,
Catalogue. List, register, index, unguardedness, improvidence,
enrolment, entry, record, roll, imprudence.
inventory, schedule. Cavalier, a. Arrogant, haughty,
ANT. Non-registration, oblit- overbearing, insolent, disdain-
eration, oblivion, forgetfulness; ful.
non-entry, oversight, omission. ANT. Courteous; subservi-
Catastrophe. Revolution, disas- ent, servile; civil, polite.
ter, mishap, misfortune, calam- Cavil. Carp, object, censure.
ity, cataclysm, blow, visitation. ANT. Approve, allow, con-
ANT. Victor;/, triumph, ben- cede.
efit, ovation, success, felicita- Cavity. Opening, gap, aperture,
tion, blessing. hole, fissure.
Catch. Grasp, seize, clutch, cap- ANT. Obstruction, filling.
ture, clasp, secure, snatch, take, Cease. End, finish, desist, leave
arrest, ensnare, entrap, grip, off, quit, stop, refrain, abstain,
lay hold; comprehend, appre- discontinue, pause, terminate.
hend, understand. ANT. Begin, commence, con-
[49 ]
eel] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cha

tinue, originate, inaugurate, Ceremonial, n. Ritual, rites,

start, set going, set in opera- formalities, etiquette.
tion. Ceremonial, a. Ritualistic, for-
Celebrated. Famous, renowned, mal, official, ministerial, pom-
distinguished, famed, illustri- pous, sumptuous, scenic, func-
ous, eminent, glorious, notable, tional.
exalted. ANT. Private, unostenta-
ANT. Obscure, unknown, un- tious,undramatic, unimposing,
notable, mean, insignificant, in- unassuming.
conspicuous. Ceremonious.
Stately, lofty,
Celebration. Solemnization, ob- courtly; formal, studied, punc-
servance, commemoration, lau- tilious; prim, precise.
dation, praise, commendation. ANT. Brush, blunt, super-
ANT. Oblivion, desuetude, cilious, plain, simple.
non-observance. Certain. Sure, infallible, posi-
Celebrity. Fame, renown, repu- tive, undeniable, unfailing; as-
tation, glory, honor, repute, sured, fixed, regular, estab-
eminence, distinction; person of lished; true, accurate, unmis-
" takable.
note, lion."
ANT. Obscurity, ignominy, ANT. Dubious, irregular, un-
disgrace, contempt, meanness; decided, doubtful, exceptional,
infamy; oblivion. casual.
Celerity. Rapidity, speed, haste, Certainty. Assurance, convic-
velocity, swiftness, fleetness, tion, confidence, positiveness.
despatch. ANT. Hesitation, doubt, mis-
ANT. Slowness, tardinets, in- giving, conjecture, indecision.
ertness. Certify. Acknowledge, avow, de-
Celestial. Heavenly, angelic, su- clare, prove, inform, assure, at-
pernal, ethereal,atmospheric, test.
immortal, seraphic, divine, god- ANT. Disavow, misinform,
like. disprove.
ANT. Earthly, terrestrial; Cessation. Stop, pause, abey-
human, mortal; infernal. ance, suspension, lull, respite.
Censure. Blame, disapproval, re- ANT. Incessancy, continuity,
proach, disapprobation, repri- continuance.
mand, condemnation, remon- Chafe. Vex, irritate, gall, rub,
strance, rebuke. chagrin, tease, worry, harass,
ANT. Praise, approval, eu- annoy, fret; rage, fume; nettle,
logy, commendation, encourage- exasperate, anger.
ment. ANT. Soothe, coax, calm, con-
Center. Middle, midst. sole, humor; submit, endure,
ANT. Perimeter, rim, bound, succumb.
circumference, boundary. Chaff. Banter, badinage, non-
Central. Convenient, medial, ac- sense, frivolity; refuse, trash.
cessible. ANT. Sense, reason, pith,
ANT. Remote, inaccessible, gist, seriousness, substance.
inconvenient. Chagrin. Humiliation, shame,
Centralize. Concentrate, collect, mortification, confusion, dis-
localize. composure, dismay, disappoint-
ANT. Disperse, distribute. ment.
C 50 ]
cha] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cha

ANT. Delight, glory, exulta- repute; vagueness; indefinite-

tion, triumph, rejoicing. ness.
Challenge, v. Dare, brave, de- Characteristic. Attribute, pe-
fy; demand, require, claim; ob- culiarity, trait, sign, indication,
ject to, take exceptions. mark, feature, distinction, sin-
ANT. Pass, allow, grant, gularity, property, idiosyn-
concede, permit; retract, re- crasy.
treat. ANT. "Nondescript, general"
Champion. Defender, protector, ity, miscellany, commonness.
vindicator; hero, winner, chief, Charge, v. Load, freight, bur-
victor, combatant. den; intrust; impute, ascribe;
ANT. Renegade, traitor, de- accuse, impeach, incriminate,
serter, coward; adversary, op- arraign, indict; command, or-
po'nent. der, require, bid; attack, as-
Chance. Hazard, casualty, acci- sault.
dent, luck, fortune. ANT. Free, acquit, liberate,
ANT. Law, sequence, pur- discharge.
pose, design, intention, causa- Charitable. Benign, bountiful,
tion, certainty. liberal; lenient, mild, consider-
Change, n. Transformation, va- ate.
riation, transition, conversion, ANT. Selfish, harsh, exact-
innovation, diversion, novelty, ing, revengeful, churlish, cen-
variety, vicissitude, alteration, sorious.
transmutation. Charity. Benevolence, liberal-
ANT.Fixity, identity, con- ity, bounty, generosity, philan-
stancy, uniformity,
firmness, thropy.
permanence, persistence, steadi- ANT. Harshness, ill will,
ness. malignity, malevolence.
Change, v. Alter, transform, Charlatan. Quack, mountebank,
vary, turn, veer, shift, qualify, impostor, pretender, humbug,
modify, exchange, diversify, cheat.
convert, metamorphose, substi- ANT. Victim, dupe, gull.
tute. Charm. Spell,incantation, en-
ANT. Continue, endure, stay, chantment; fascination, attrac-
hold, keep,
retain, abide, re- tion, allurement; witchery, sor-
main, persist. cery, magic, necromancy.
Changeless. Stationary, undevi- ANT. Fear, repulsion, dis-
ating, immovable, reliable, con enchantment, disillusion.
sistent. Chary. Careful, cautious, wary;
ANT. Fluctuating, vacillat- frugal, sparing, saving, reluc-
ing, capricious, variable, plas- tant.
tic. ANT. Liberal, lavish, pro-
Character. Mark, figure, sign, fuse, extravagant.
symbol, emblem, letter; consti- Chase. Pursue, track, hunt, fol-
tution, nature, disposition, turn, low, prosecute ; emboss, enchase.
cast, bent; temperament, moral ANT. Flee, shun, elude,
qualities, personality, traits, evade; abandon, relinquish.
habits; person, individual; re- Chaste. Pure, spotless, immac-
pute, reputation. ulate, modest, virtuous, simple j
ANT. Anonymousness ; dis- refined, classic, elegant.
cha] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dp
ANT. Corrup t, impure, Chieftain. Captain, commander,
gaudy; coarse, inelegant.
flashy, general, leader, chief.
Chasten. Discipline, chastise, ANT. Vassal, minion, adher-
subdue, afflict, punish, soften, ent, retainer, attendant, fol-
try. lower.
ANT. Indulge, pamper, spoil, Childish. Puerile, weak, infan-
demoralize. tine; silly, foolish, trivial, tri-
Chattels. Goods, wares, effects, fling.
furniture. ANT. Manly, strong, wise,
ANT. Freehold. sagacious; important, momen-
Cheap. Common, inexpensive, tous.
mean, worthless, vile, paltry, Chimerical. Visionary, imagi-
low-priced, poor, indifferent. nary, unreal, dreamy, fanciful,
ANT. Rare, costly, expen- fabulous.
sive, high, precious. ANT. Real, actual, substan-
Cheat, 11. Fraud, trick, artifice, tial, veritable.
swindle, deceit, fiction, impos- Chivalrous. Knightly, gallant,
ture. gentlemanly, heroic, valiant,
ANT. Truth, reality, fact, spirited.
"honesty, authenticity, certainty, ANT. Dastardly, recreant,
openness, sincerity. sneaking.
Check, v.Restrain, curb, stop, Choice, n. Option, preference,
bridle, hinder, impede, inhibit; alternative, selection, election,
reprove, chide, reprimand, re- free will.
buke. ANT. Necessity, compulsion;
ANT. License, indulge, allow, refusal; force; fate, predestina-
loose, liberate, abet, instigate. tion.
Cheer, n. Gladness, joy, gaiety, Choice, a. Select, dainty, rare,
mirth, merriment, cheerfulness, valuable, cherished, exquisite,
happiness, hope, conviviality, precious.
plenty, hospitality. ANT. Common, ordinary, des-
ANT. Gloom, dearth, sullen- picable, cheap, inferior.
ness, niggardliness, unsociable- Choose. Select, pick out, cull,
ness. prefer, elect.
Cheerful. Glad, lively, mirth- ANT. Cast away, reject, de-
ful, animated, jocund, jolly, cline, refuse, leave, throw
blithe, buoyant, merry, joyous. aside.
ANT. Oloomy, dejected, un- Chronicle. Annals, records, reg-
happy, lifeless, dull, depressing, ister, memorials, archives, his-
melancholy, joyless, dispiriting. tory.
Cherish. Foster, nurture, pro- ANT. Legend, romance, tra-
tect, shelter, treasure, comfort, dition.
cheer. Cipher. Zero, nothing, nonen-
ANT. A bandon, afflict, check, tity, naught; character, symbol,
discourage. device, monogram ; secret char-
Chief, a. Head, important, ex- acter, private alphabet; nobody,
cellent, high, principal, consum- person of no account.
mate. ANT. Infinity ; somebody, ce-
ANT. Subordinate, minor, in- lebrity, star, notability, colos-
ferior.

t 52
dr] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Circular. Round, annular, spher- visitor, tramp, transient, tour-
ical, ring-shaped. ist, sight-seer.
ANT. Linear, direct, straight. Civilization. Culture, cultiva-
Circulate. Move in a circle ; dif- tion, refinement, amelioration,
fuse, spread, disseminate, pro- humanization.
mulgate, propagate, publish, no- ANT. Demoralization, sav-
tify; travel. agery, barbarism, rudeness.
ANT. Suppress, hush, cease, Claim, n. Assertion, requisition,
stagnate; center, monopolize, demand, call; title, privilege,
appropria te. right, pretension.
Circumference. Periphery, cir- ANT. Disclaimer, surrender,
cuit, boundary, outline, enclo- abjuration, waiver.
oure. Claim, v. Demand, ask, require,
ANT. Center, interior. call for, assert, insist, request,
Circumlocution. Verbosity, pro- maintain, pretend.
lixity, wordiness, diffuseness, ANT. Repudiate, waive, con-
periphrasis, redundance, tautol- cede, forego, abjure.
ogy- Clamor, n. Noise, uproar, hub-
ANT. Brevity, compression, bub, outcry, vociferation, ex-
condensation, shortness, suc- clamation.
cinctness, terseness, compact- ANT. Silence, reticence, ac-
ness, conciseness, directness, quiescence; repression, stifling.
plainness. Clandestine. Secret, private,
Circumscribe. Define, limit, de- furtive, stealthy, underhand,
lineate, enclose, confine, re- sly, surreptitious, hidden.
strict. ANT. Open, aboveboard, sin-
ANT. Distend, dilate, ex- cere, frank.
pand, amplify, enlarge, extend. Class. Company, grade, order,
Circumspect. Cautious, wary, rank, caste, clan, circle, associ-
heedful, attentive, careful, pru- ation, club, clique, coterie, set.
dent, watchful, scrupulous, vig- Classical. Refined, elegant, pol-
ilant. ished, chaste, pure.
ANT. Careless, reckless, in- ANT. Corrupt, barbarous,
cautious, heedless, unwary. uncouth, debased, inelegant.
Circumstance. Event, situa- Classification. Grouping, dis-
tion, occurrence, position, de- position, arrangement, distri-
tail, incident, feature, accom- bution, category, genus, desig-
paniment, particular, point, nation, order, species, nature,
item, condition. character; homogeneity.
ANT. Deed, case, transac- ANT. Individuality, special-
tion, business, affair. ity, singularity, distinction,
Cite. Call, summon, name, se- heterogeneity.
lect, refer to, quote, mention. Clause. Portion, section, pas-
ANT. Discard, dismiss, dis- sage, paragraph, stipulation,
pute, contradict, reject, chal- article, chapter, provision.
lenge, disprove. ANT. Document, instrument,
Citizen. Inhabitant, dweller, writing.
townsman, burgher, resident, Clean, a. Pure, neat, clear, spot-
subject, denizen. less, cleansed, untarnished, up-
Ajf" Foreigner, alien, exile, right.

[ 53 ]
cle] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cog

ANT. Foul, impure, untidy, Clumsy. Awkward, inexpert, un-

hampered, unclean. couth, bungling, unskilful, un-
Cleanse. Purify, wash, clean, wieldly.
disinfect, lave, scour, sponge, ANT. Neat, skilful, clever,
scrub, sweep, wipe, rinse, dust, expert, adroit, dexterous, work-
purge. manlike.
ANT.Defile, pollute, stain, Coalesce. Blend, mix, harmon-
deprave, sully, taint, "befoul, ize, unite, consolidate, combine,
contaminate, corrupt, vitiate. adhere.
Clear, a. Pure, bright, transpar- ANT. Disagree, sunder, sep-
ent, free, serene, unclouded, ob- arate, sever.
vious, manifest, pellucid, un- Coalition. League, union, al-
adorned, plain, distinct, evi- liance, confederacy, combina-
dent, lucid, intelligible, explicit, tion, compact, amalgamation.
straightforward, perspicuous. ANT. Disruption, rebellion,
ANT. Mysterious, unintelli- disagreement, sedition, mutiny.
gible, vague, opaque, foggy, dim, Coarse. Of large fibers, crude,
cloudy, dubious, turbid, ambig- rough, gross; indecent, indeli-
uous. cate, unrefined, unpolished, vul-
Clever. Gifted, expert, capable, gar, common, ordinary.
apt, bright, ingenious, quick- ANT. Fine, choice, delicate,
witted, skilful, adroit, dexter- gentle.
ous, intellectual, happy, smart, Coax. Wheedle, flatter, cajole,
talented, keen, knowing, intel- fawn, allure, seduce, circum-
ligent, quick, sharp. vent.
ANT. Foolish, slow, stupid, ANT. Coerce, impel, drive,
idiotic, thickheaded, witless, intimidate.
bungling, awkward, dull, igno- Coerce. Impel, restrain, inhibit,
rant, clumsy, senseless. force, compel, drive, check, in-
Climax. Acme, top, summit, cul- timidate.
mination, height, consumma- ANT. Persuade, coax, per-
tion, zenith, head. mit, urge, induce, tempt.
ANT. Base, floor, nadir, anti- Coexistent. Contemporary, con-
climax, depth; bathos. current, coincident, simultane-
Cling. Stick, cleave, fasten, hold, ous.
adhere. ANT. Preceding or succeed-
ANT. Drop, relax, swerve, ing.
let go. Cogent. Forcible, powerful, ef-
Close. Packed, condensed, com- fective, irresistible, convincing,
pressed, narrow, restricted, conclusive, persuasive, potent,
solid; secret, reserved; nig- urgent.
gardly. ANT. Weak, feeble, poicer-
ANT. Ample, wide, open, spa- less, ineffectual.
cious, patent, public, adver- Cogitate. Meditate, think, re-
tised: open-handed, free, liberal. flect, consider, ponder, contem-
Clownish. Rude, rustic, boorish, plate.
awkward, clumsy, bucolic, clod- ANT. Dream, idle, wish.
dish. Cognizance. Knowledge, obser-
ANT. Polite, affable, civil, vation, notice, recognition, ex-
urbane. perience.

[ 54 ]
con] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [com

ANT. Ignorance, oversight, appearance, semblance, excuse,

neglect. makeshift.
Coherent. Compact, consecutive, ANT. Paleness; transpar-
close, logical, consistent. ency, openness.
ANT. Rambling, loose, dis- Combat. Conflict, encounter,
cursive, aberrant. battle, struggle, contest, con-
Coincidence. Chance, fortuity, tention.
harmony, agreement, casualty, ANT. Truce, surrender, medi-
concurrence, contemporaneous- ation.
ness. Combination. Association, con-
ANT. Design, purpose, asyn- nection, union; alliance, league;
chronism, anachronism, differ- mixture, compound.
ence. ANT. Division, disruption,
Cold. Frigid, chilly, frosty, icy, analysis, dissolution.
polar, wintry; dull, lifeless, un- Comfortable. Agreeable, satis-
impassioned, sluggish, apa- factory, pleasant, convenient,
thetic, indifferent, spiritless. commodious, snug, genial.
ANT. Hot, warm, ardent, im- ANT. Miserable, distressed,
passioned, fiery, burning, fer- forlorn, icretched, cheerless.
vid, vehement, passionate. Comic. Laughable, droll, funny,
Colleague. Associate, coadjutor, comical, farcical, ludicrous, ri-
collaborator, helper, companion, diculous.
partner, assistant, ally, confed- ANT. Serious, solemn, grave,
erate. tragic, melancholy.
ANT. Opponent, rival, antag- Command. Order, direct, bid,
onist, competitor. instruct, charge, enjoin; rule,
Collect. Gather, glean, amass, govern.
garner, muster, congregate, as- ANT. Beg, petition, suppli-
semble, convoke, accumulate. cate, entreat; obey, yield, com-
ANT. Distribute, dispense, ply.
divide, assort, deal. Commemorate. Celebrate, ob-
Collision. Clash, shock, impact, serve, perpetuate.
concussion, encounter, contact, ANT. Forget, abolish, ignore.
opposition, conflict. Commence. Begin, start, inau-
ANT. Divergence; concord, gurate, undertake.
harmony, agreement, coinci- ANT. Finish, conclude, ter-
dence, concert, unity, amity, minate.
unison. Commend. Approve, encourage,
Colloquy. Dialogue, conversa- applaud, praise.
tion, talk, discourse, consulta- ANT. Blame, condemn, cen-
tion, conference. sure, denounce.
ANT. Babel, tumult, outcry, Comment. Remark, observe, ex-
clamor; silence, taciturnity. plain, note, expound, interpret,
Collusion. Connivance, accom- illustrate.
pliceship, confederacy. ANT.Confuse, obscure, mys-
ANT. Frustration, betrayal, confound, misrepresent.
tify,
exposure. Commerce. Trade, traffic, busi-
Color. Hue, tint, tinge, shade, ness, exchange.
complexion; pigment, paint; ANT. Embargo, inactivity,
pretense, speciousness, varnish, boycott.
[ 55 ]
com] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [com

Commit. Assign, confide, trust, gling; broadspread, unshapely;

relegate, entrust, consign. prolix, verbose.
ANT. Omit, let pass, disre- Companion. Associate, partner,
gard, misconsign. mate, comrade, colleague.
Commodious. Ample, spacious, ANT. Rival, antagonist, ad-
convenient, comfortable, suit- versary.
able. Companionable. Sociable, pleas-
ANT. Narrow, cramped, ill- ant, affable, genial, friendly,
contrived. agreeable.
Commodity. Staple, ware, stock, ANT. Reserved, haughty, dis-
produce, article. tant, cold, solitary, inaccessible.
ANT. Drug, refuse. Company. Concourse, gathering,
Common. Ordinary, habitual, crowd, throng, meeting, multi-
everyday, familiar, frequent ; tude, assembly, conclave, con-
coarse, vulgar, mean, low. ference, congregation, conven-
ANT. Exceptional, scarce, re- tion, convocation.
fined, rare. ANT, Privacy, retirement,
Commotion. Excitement, dis- solitude, dispersion, loneliness,
turbance, agitation, turmoil, tu- seclusion.
mult, disorder. Compare. Collate, estimate, de-
ANT. Quiet, tranquillity, clare similar, liken, parallel.
calm, subsidence, pacification. ANT. Contrast, disconnect,
Communicate. Divulge, impart, pit, distinguish.
disclose, tell, announce, publish. Compass. Surround, enclose ef- ;

ANT. Secrete, suppress, con- fect, achieve, consummate, com-

ceal, withhold, reserve; re- plete.
press; disavow. ANT. Expand, liberate; fail,
Communion. Fellowship, inter- bungle, mismanage.
course, participation. Compassion. Pity, sympathy,
ANT. Alienation, exclusion, condolence, kindness, clemency,
deprivation, ostracism. mercy.
Community. Aggregation, soci- ANT. Cruelty, antipathy, re-
ety, commonwealth, neighbor- taliation, vindictireness.
hood; fraternity, similarity, Compatible. Consistent, accor-
sympathy, homogeneity. dant, congruous, congenial, har-
ANT. Hostility, animosity, monious.
"heterogeneity . ANT. Hostile, adverse, im-
Commute. Exchange, replace, possible, destructive, contradic-
barter, compensate, mitigate, tory.
modify, lessen, diminish. Compel. Force, oblige, make nec-
ANT. Disallow; charge; in- essary, coerce, constrain, neces-
crease, enlarge. sitate.
Compact, n. Agreement, bond, ANT. Hinder, prevent, delay,
contract, treaty, covenant. hamper, encumber.
block,
ANT. Promise, intention. Compensation. Recompense, re-
Compact, a. Dense, close, solid, ward, requital, satisfaction,
firm, compressed; concise, terse. reparation, amends, indemni-
pithy, short, brief, laconic, con- fication.
pendious, succinct, sententious. ANT. Damage, injury, depri-
ANT. Diffuse; sparse, strag- vation.

[ 56 ]
com] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [com

Compete. Contend, rival, strive, Compliment. Flattery, praise,

struggle. homage, commendation, enco-
ANT. Share, participate. mium.
Competence. Ability, capable- ANT. Insult, contempt, dis-
ness; sufficiency, enough, ade- courtesy.
quacy. Complimentary. Commenda-
ANT. Inability, weakness; tory, flattering, laudatory.
poverty, want, indigence. ANT. Disparaging, abusive,
Competition. Rivalry, emula- defamatory, denunciatory
tion, contest. Component. Constituent, fae-
ANT. Alliance, co-partner- tor, element, ingredient.
ship. ANT. Compound, entirety,
Complacent. Pleased, satisfied, sum, aggregate.
contented, amiable, pleasant, af-Comport. Conduct, behave, de-
fable. mean accord, agree, harmonize.
;

ANT. Morose, austere, un- ANT. Contrast, militate, dif-

mannerly.
Complain. Murmur, grumble, Compose.
remonstrate, find fault, repine,
lament, grieve, expostulate.
ANT. Approve, commend, ap-
plaud, congratulate, rejoice.
Complement. Fulfilment, total-
ity, counterpart, supply, cor-
relative.
ANT. Deficit, abatement, de-
ficiency.
Complete, a. Perfect, finished,
total, whole, entire; concluded,
consummated, ended; adequate,
exhaustive, thorough.
ANT. Partial, inadequate,
imperfect, unfinished.
Complex. Confused, involved,
mixed, entangled, complicated,
composite, manifold, mingled,
intricate, obscure.
ANT. Direct, obvious, plain,
uniform, simple, homogeneous,
unraveled.
Complexion. Face, feature, ap-
pearance, look, hue, character,
indication.
ANT. Heart, core; reticence,
concealment, inexpression.
Compliance. Yielding, submis-
sion, acquiescence, docility, obe-
dience.
ANT. Resistance, repulsion,
refusal.
fer; misdemean, misconduct.
Compile, construct*
constitute; soothe, allay, calm;
write.
ANT. Analyze, dissect; irri-
tate, excite; criticize.
Composition. Formation, mak-
ing; compound, mixture; ar-
rangement, union, combination;
writing, invention; agreement,
compromise.
ANT. Examination, analy-
criticism; disturbance; seg-
sis,
regation.
Composure. Tranquillity, calm,
repose, self-possession, serenity.
ANT. Restlessness, perturba-
tion.
Compound, n. Mixture, combi-
nation, amalgamation, coales-
cence, synthesis.
ANT. Analysis, dissolution,
resolution.
Comprehend. Understand, con-
ceive, grasp; include, enclose,
embrace.
ANT. Misunderstand, mis-
construe; except, exclude.
Comprehension. Conception, un-
derstanding, perception, appre-
hension, capacity, intellect, rea-
son, mind, intelligence.
ANT. Idiocy, nescience, mi*-
understanding, misconception.
\ 67 1
com] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con

Comprehensive. Ample, wide, manifest, lay tare, confess, pub-

inclusive, extensive, capacious, lish, divulge.
compendious. Concede. Surrender, admit, re-
ANT. Narrow, shallow, re- sign, yield, allow.
stricted. ANT. Refuse, claim, contend,
Compress. Condense, squeeze, contradict, deny, contest.
contract, epitomize, abridge. Conceit. Notion, whim, vagary,
ANT. Expand, diffuse, di- idea, abstraction, affectation,
late. imagination.
Comprise. Include, involve, con- ANT. Reality, fact, sub-
tain, comprehend, embrace, im- stance; simplicity, humility.
piy. Conceited. Egoistical, opinion-
ANT. Except, "bar out, omit, ated, vain.
reject. ANT. Simple, unassuming,
Compromise. Adjust, arbitrate, unaffected.
settle; engage, pledge, commit; Conceive. Imagine, apprehend,
implicate, involve, endanger. believe, design, think, under-
ANT. Contend, fight; repu- stand.
diate, disallow; exonerate, ex- ANT. Express, produce, exe-
tricate. cute.
Compulsion. Force, coercion, Concentrate. Convene, assemble,
constraint, control. congregate, muster, centralize.
ANT. Coaxing, persuasion, ANT. Scatter, disperse, dis-
inducement. pense, dismiss.
Compunction. Regret, remorse, Concern. Interest, anxiety, so-
contrition, penitence. licitude; affair, matter, insti-
ANT. Assurance, self-com- tution.
placency, satisfaction. ANT. Indifference, careless-
Compute. Number, calculate, ness, disregard.
reckon, count; value, estimate, Concerning. About, regarding,
appraise. in relation to, respecting, in
ANT. Guess, conjecture, sur- respect to, relative to, of.
mise. ANT. Disregarding, omitting.
Comrade. Companion, compeer, Concert. Agreement, harmony,
colleague, associate, partner, concord, concordance, combina-
friend. tion, union, association.
ANT. Opponent; stranger, ANT. Opposition, disagree-
alien. ment, discord.
Concatenation. Connection, con- Concession. Surrender, grant,
tinuity; series, chain, succes- boon, acknowledgment, admis-
sion. sion.
ANT. Intermission, sever- ANT. Refusal, denial, toith-
ing, disconnection. drarcal.
Concave. Hollow, depressed, ex- Conciliate. Win, gain, pacify,
cavated. reconcile, propitiate.
ANT. Convex, protuberant, ANT. Alienate, irritate, es-
tumular. trnnge, lose, antagonize.
Conceal. Hide, suppress, se- Concise. Succinct, condensed,
crete, disguise. terse, pregnant, pointed, brief,
ANT. Reveal, expose, make short, laconic.

[ 58
con] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con

ANT. Prolix, verbose, diffuse, Concussion. Collision, encoun-

discursive, rambling, pointless. ter, crash, impact, percussion.
Conclave. Assembly, synod, cab- ANT. Inter-divergence; es-
inet, council, bureau. cape; tangency ; failure, miss-
ANT. Throng, mob, populace, ing.
concourse, crowd. Condemn. Blame, censure, de-
Conclude. Close, end, terminate, nounce, convict, sentence, re-
finish; decide, determine. prove, doom.
ANT. Begin, commence, un- ANT. Acquit, exonerate, ab-
dertake, initiate; prolong, pro- solve, pardon, justify, praise,
tract, approve.
Conclusion. End, termination, Condense. Concentrate, abridge,
finale, finis. shorten.
ANT. Commencement, begin- ANT. Expand, amplify, en-
ning, initiation. large.
Conclusive. Final, decisive, pos- Condescend. Deign, vouchsafe,
itive, definitive, indisputable. stoop.
ANT. Dubious, vague, un- ANT. Scorn, spurn, disdain.
certain, problematical, theoret- Condescension. Graciousness, fa-
ical, indeterminate. vor.
Concoct. Brew, prepare, com- ANT. Arrogance, haughti-
pound, mix. ness, pride.
ANT. Spoil, upset, overbrew. Condign. Adequate, deserved,
Concoction. Compound, brew, merited, suitable, meet, just.
mixture; scheme, fiction. ANT. Unmerited, inadequate ;
ANT. Rawness, crudity ; sim- excessive or scant.
plicity. Condiment. Sauce, seasoning,
Concomitant. Attending, coin- preserve, pickle, relish, appe-
cident, attendant, synchronous. tizer.
ANT. Antecedent; diverse, Condition. Situation, case, cir-
unconnected; subsequent. cumstances, plight; rank, es-
Concord. Harmony, agreement, tate, grade; proviso, considera-
friendship, unanimity, accord. tion, stipulation.
ANT. Variance, animosity, ANT. Concession, adapta-
discord. tion; relation, dependence.
Concourse. Assembly, throng, Conditionally. Provided, pro-
crowd, mob, assemblage, gath- visionally, hypothetically, con-
ering, multitude. tingently.
ANT. Conclave, cabal, cabi- ANT. Absolutely, positively,
net; desert, solitude. categorically.
Concrete. Solid, firm, compact; Condole. Console, commiserate,
complex, conglomerate indi-
; sympathize.
vidualized, specific, particular. ANT. Congratulate, rally, ex-
ANT. Loose, shifting, yield- hilarate.
ing, unresisting; abstract, gen- Condone. Pardon, overlook, for-
eral. give.
doncur. Approve, harmonize, ANT. Atone, expiate, satisfy.
agree; help, combine, conspire. Conduce. Subserve, promote,
ANT. Disagree, dissent, part, forward, advance, contribute to,
differ, disapprove, separate. aid.
con] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con.

ANT. Defeat; counteract, ANT. Shapelessness, indeter-

neutralize. minateness; distortion, deform-
Conduct. Lead, direct, guide, ity.
convoy, escort; command, gov- Confine, v. Limit, bound, im-
ern; manage, regulate; rule, prison, restrict, circumscribe,
superintend. enclose.
ANT. Mislead; mismanage; ANT. Widen, expand, liber-
follow. ate, unfasten, loosen, extend,
Confection. Candy, cake, condi- dilate.
ment, concoction, sweetmeat. Confirm. Sanction, uphold, as-
Confederacy, Confederation. sure, establish, strengthen, sub-
Alliance, league, treaty, union, stantiate, settle, corroborate.
coalition, federation, compact. ANT. Shatter, weaken, up-
ANT. Secession, disruption, set, annul, abrogate, cancel, de-
disunion. stroy, shake.
Conference. Discourse, conver- Confiscate. Forfeit, seize, es-
sation, talk; interview, collo- cheat, condemn, sequestrate.
quy, parley, consultation; con- ANT. Release, restore, re-
vention, convocation, meeting. fund.
ANT. Silence; monologue; Conflagration. Fire, arson, ig-
dispersion. nition, incendiarism, combus-
Confess. Acknowledge, admit, tion.
disclose, own, allow, grant, con- ANT. Extinction, quenching;
cede, avow. smoldering.
ANT. Deny, conceal, repudi- Conflict. Contest, battle, strug-
ate, disavow, hide, dissemble. gle, encounter; clashing, inter-
Confession. Admission, avowal, ference, disagreement, discord.
acknowledgment ; creed, doc- ANT. Amity, reconciliation,
trines, tenets, catechism, sub- pacification, arbitration.
scription. Conform. Agree, consent, har-
ANT. Heresy, apostasy, pro- monize, comply, correspond,
test, refutation, renunciation, comport.
abjuration. ANT. Dissent, disagree; an-
Confide. Trust, rely, lean, hope, tagonize, secede; vary, differ.
depend, believe, put confidence Confound. Confuse, perplex, be-
in. wilder, mystify; surprise, as-
ANT. Doubt, mistrust, disbe- tonish, astound, startle; de-
lieve, disprove,despair of. stroy, ruin, overwhelm; discon-
Confident. Assured, sure, posi- cert, abash, shame.
tive, certain; bold, presumptu- ANT. Clear, set right, ar-
ous, impudent, sanguine. range, enlighten; save, protect;
ANT. Dubious, doubtful, un- calm, console, soothe, restore.
decided, vacillating. Confront. Oppose, threaten, en-
Confidential. Intimate, secret, counter, challenge, face, intimi-
private; trusty, faithful. date.
ANT. Public, patent, open; ANT. Encourage, abet, coun-
treacherous, insidious, traitor- tenance.
ous. Confuse. Mingle, confound; de-
Configuration. Outline, shape, range, disturb, perplex, em-
form, contour. barrass, obscure, mortify.
con] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con

ANT. Arrange; relieve, as- deduction, proof; fact, surety,

sist,allay; calm, restore. certainty, security.
Congeal. Freeze, convert to ice, Conjuncture. Combination, con-
benumb. currence; emergency, crisis, ex-
ANT. Melt, thaw, dissolve. igency, juncture.
Congenial. Kindred, similar, ANT. Provision, prepara-
sympathetic, suited, natural, tion, arrangement.
proper, agreeable. Connection. Conjunction, com-
ANT. Disagreeable, abhor- bination, union, association, de-
rent, unnatural, alien, dissim- pendence.
ilar, unxuited, unsympathetic. ANT. Independence, disjuno-
Congenital. Coeval, connatural, tion, dissociation, dissolution.
innate, inherent, ingenerate. Conquer. Overcome, subjugate,
ANT. Unnatural, assumed, master, vanquish, subdue, rout,
extraneous, acquired, artificial, defeat, overpower, overthrow,
adventitious. prevail over, reduce, win, sur-
Congeries, Congestion. Con- mount, worst, checkmate, beat,
glomeration, aggregation, accu- crush, down, discomfit.
mulation, plethora, repletion. ANT. Surrender, capitulate,
ANT. Dissipation, diffusion, cede, forfeit, fly, yield, retreat,
clearance, dispersion. withdraw, retire, submit, suc-
Congratulate. Felicitate, com- cumb, fall, lose, resign, fail.
pliment, rejoice with. Conquest. Victory, subjugation,
ANT. Console, condole with, triumph.
commiserate. ANT. Defeat, failure, surren-
Congregate. Assemble, collect, der, submission.
meet, convene, gather, throng. Conscience. Moral sense, intui-
ANT. Disperse, disappear, tion, integrity, principle.
separate, part, scatter. ANT. Irresponsibility, lax-
Congregation. Assembly, meet- ity, undutifulness, unscrupu-
ing, audience, conference. lousness.
ANT. Dispersion, dismis- Conscientious. Scrupulous, ex-
sal. act, upright, high-principled,
Congress. Parliament, conclave, honest, honorable, equitable, in-
cabinet, council, assembly, legis- corruptible, fair, faithful.
lature, synod, convention, con- ANT. Lax, unprincipled, un-
ference. scrupulous, reprobate, dishon-
ANT. Cabal, sedition, upris- orable, faithless.
ing,mob; intrigue. Conscious. Sensible, cognizant,
Congruous. Accordant, agree- aware, intelligent, advised, ap-
ing, harmonious, coherent, suit- prised, assured, sure, certain,
able, consistent, proper, appro- informed; thinking, reflecting,
priate. rational, intellectual.
ANT. Discordant, heterogene- ANT. Insensible, unaware,
ous, inharmonious, improper, ignorant, dead, cold, deaf; ir-
unsuitable. rational, thoughtless.
Conjecture, n. Supposition, sur- Conscription. Drafting, im-
mise, guess, hypothesis, theory, pressment.
notion, divination. ANT. Volunteering, enlist-
ANT. Calculation, inference, ment.
[ 81 ]
con] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con

Consecrate. Dedicate, ordain ; mission, delegation ; sending,

sanctify, hallow. shipping.
ANT. Desecrate, defile. ANT. Miscommitment.
Consecutive. Sequent, continu- Consistency. Density, solidity,
ous, orderly, following. compactness, coherence; agree-
ANT. Disordered, rambling, ment, congruity, correspond-
discursive, illogical. ence, uniformity, harmony, in-
Consent. Assent, approve, agree, variableness.
yield, comply, acquiesce. ANT. Tenuity, subtility, vol-
ANT. Refuse, resist, decline, atility; incoherence, incongru-
dissent. ity, contrariety, contradiction.
Consequence. Result, issue, se- Console. Comfort, condole with,
quel, effect, outgrowth, event, sympathize, encourage, soothe,
end, upshot; importance, dig- assuage, solace.
nity, moment. ANT. Distress, grieve, dis-
ANT. Cause, occasion, ori- turb, annoy, sadden, trouble,
gin; axiom, postulate, premise, wound, hurt.
antecedence; insignificance, pal- Consolidate. Solidify, harden,
triness. condense, compress, compact;
Consequential. Following, re- thicken, strengthen, solder, ce-
sulting, coherent, cogent, con- ment, fuse; conjoin, combine.
nected ; pompous, self-conceited, ANT. Dissolve, melt, vapor-
arrogant, vainglorious. ize, iceaken, dissipate, subli-
ANT. Incoherent, illogical; mate, pulverize; dissect, disjoin.
affable, accessible, humble, con- Conspicuous. Visible, apparent,
siderate. discernible, plain, clear, percep-
Conservation. Protection, per- tible, noticeable; eminent, dis-
petuation, preservation, main- tinguished, prominent, famous,
tenance. noted, manifest.
ANT. Neglect, exposure, de- ANT. Invisible, microscopic,
struction, abolition. hidden, imperceptible, unseen;
Conservative. Stationary, tra- ordinary, mediocre, common-
ditional, opposed to change. place.
ANT. Radical, progressive, Conspiracy. Intrigue, treason,
changeable, transitional, modi- cabal, plot, machination, combi-
fiable, innovating. nation; sedition.
Consider. Think, ponder, medi- ANT. Legislation, congress,
tate, reflect, investigate, weigh, parliament, synod.
deliberate, observe, attend, re- Constant. Fixed, immutable, in-
gard. variable, unchanging, perma-
ANT. Guess, conjecture, ig- nent, perpetual; resolute, firm,
nore, chance, hazard. steady; persevering, assiduous;
Considerate. Kindly, thought- incessant, unbroken, continu-
ful, reflective, careful, prudent, ous; faithful, true, loyal, de-
deliberate, serious, charitable, voted.
forbearing, cautious. ANT. Irregular, exceptional,
ANT. Rash, careless, impru- casual, incidental, fickle, faith-
dent, thoughtless, rude, selfish, less, broken, treacherous, un-
overbearing, injudicious. trustworthy, false.
Consignment. Custody, com- Consternation. Amazement, ter-
 on] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con

ror, alarm, dismay, panic, be- ment, realization, close, finish,

wilderment. finale.
ANT. Fearlessness, boldness, ANT. Beginning, attempt, in-
composure, presence of mind. ception, initiation, source, ori-
Constituent. Elector, patron, gin.
voter, supporter, sender; ingre- Consumption. Expenditure, use,
dient, component, element. waste, extinction, destruction.
ANT. Representative, nom- ANT. Development, increase,
inee; constitution, system, com- growth, enlargement, augmen-
pound, whole. tation.
Constitution. Organization, for- Contact. Touch, junction, con-
mation quality, character, tem-
; tiguity, closeness, union.
perament, peculiarity, charac- ANT. Adjacence, proximity;
teristic; charter, law. separation, distance, isolation.
ANT. Conspiracy, rebellion, Contagion. Infection; contami-
tyranny, anarchy, despotism, nation, taint, pestilence, cor-
destruction, disorganization; ruption.
disposition, mood, frame of ANT. Prevention; antisepsis,
mind, temper. disinfection.
Construct. Build, erect, invent, Contain. Include, embody, com-
form, shape, combine. prehend, comprise, embrace; re-
ANT. Demolish, overthrow, strain, hold.
destroy, derange. ANT. Omit, exclude, drop,
Construction. Building, erec- discharge; yield, give way.
tion, composition, fabrication; Contaminate. Taint, defile, cor-
structure, formation, form, fig- rupt, sully.
ure; explanation, version, ren- ANT. Cleanse, purify.
dering, interpretation. Contemn. Despise, scorn, dis-
ANT. Dislocation, dismem- dain, slight.
berment, dissolution; misunder- ANT. Venerate, respect.
standing, misconception. Contemplate. Meditate, study,
Consult. Deliberate, take coun- ponder, survey, reflect; intend,
sel, confer, advise with, can- design.
vass, question, consider, regard. ANT. Overlook, waive, aban-
ANT. Dictate, counteract, don; execute, complete, do.
contradict. Contemptible. Despicable, ab-
Consume. Eat up, devour; de- ject, base, worthless, mean, low.
stroy, lavish, dissipate, waste, ANT. Respectable, venerable;
spend. worthy, estimable, important,
ANT. Discard, reject, throw grave.
aside; preserve, replenish, sup- Contend. Strive, fight, struggle,
ply, provide. combat; debate, argue, dispute;
Consummate, a. Perfect, excel- affirm, assert, maintain, claim.
lent, supreme, finished, com- ANT. Concede, allow, sur-
plete. render.
ANT. Common, faulty, defec- Content. Satisfied, pleased, easy,
tive, ordinary/, mediocre. willing, resigned, gratified.
Consummation. Achievement, ANT. Reluctant, unwilling,
attainment, completion, termi- unsatisfied, rebellious, discon-
nation, accomplishment, fulfil- tent.

[ 63 J
 on] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Contention. Strife, dissension,
quarrel, rupture, dispute, de-
bate, controversy, altercation.
ANT. Peace, amity, harmony,
concord, reconciliation.
Contingent, a. Casual, happen-
ing, fortuitous, dependent, inci-
dental, provisional, uncertain.
ANT. Independent, absolute,
positive, uncontrolled, uninflu-
enced, unaffected.
Continual. Incessant, ceaseless,
invariable, perpetual, constant, Contribution.
uninterrupted, unbroken, unre-
mitting, continuous.
ANT. Exceptional, irregular,
casual, contingent, intermittent,
interrupted, suspended. Contrive.
Continually. Constantly, per-
petually, ever, always, repeat-
edly, frequently, continuously.
ANT. Occasionally, rarely,
sometimes.
Continue. Remain, endure, per-
sist; abide, stay, tarry; perse- Control, v. Direct, manage, rule,
vere, be constant or steadfast.
ANT. Stop, cease, fail, pause.
Contract, n. Compact, stipula-
tion, agreement, arrangement,
bargain, covenant, pact,
gation, pledge, engagement,
bond.
ANT. Promise, parole, assur-
anoe, understanding, assump-
tion.
Contract, v. Narrow, abbreviate,
abridge, lessen, reduce, com-
press; shrivel, shrink; agree,
stipulate, bargain.
ANT. Expand, amplify, di-
late; reverse, cancel, abandon.
Contradict. Deny, gainsay, dis-
pute, impugn, controvert; op-
pose, counteract, annul, thwart,
abrogate.
ANT. Maintain, argue, con-
firm, state, affirm, endorse.
Contrary. Opposite, opposed, ad-
verse, counter; conflicting, con-
tradictory, antagonistic, repug-
[con
nant perverse, obstinate, stub-
;
born, headstrong.
ANT. Compatible, agreeing,
kindred, compliant, submissive;
consistent.
Contrast, v. Differentiate, dis-
criminate, oppose, compare.
ANT. Resemble, be like or
similar, liken, harmonize.
Contribute. Add, give, coSper-
ate, assist, subscribe, supply.
ANT. Refuse, icithhold, deny.
Donation, offer-
ing, gift, subscription, subsidy,
aid, assistance.
ANT. Withholding, retention,
reservation.
Plan, design, devise,
invent, project, form, frame,
scheme, plot, consider; manage,
make out; concert, adjust.
ANT. Bit, chance, venture,
bungle, hazard; mismanage,
miscontrive.
command, sway, superintend;
hinder, repress, restrain, curb,
check.
ANT. License, free; neglect,
obli- abandon; mismanage, miscon-
duct.
Controversy. Dispute, alterca-
tion, contention, disagreement.
ANT. Agreement, unanimity,
coincidence.
Contumacy. Obstinacy, stub-
bornness, perverseness, perti-
nacity, obduracy; disobedience,
insolence.
ANT. Docility, tractableness,
flattering,fawning, servility.
Contumely. Obloquy, reproach,
opprobrium, insolence, abuse,
contempt, scorn, disdain, arro-
gance.
AXT. Regard, considerations
adulation, obsequiousness.
Convene. Assemble, meet, con-
gregate, summon, master, col-
lect.
r
34 \
con] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [coo

ANT. Dismiss, disperse, dis- ANT. Variant, contrary, in-

band, dissipate. commensurate.
Convenient. Suitable, fit, ap- Convey. Take, transfer, move,
propriate, proper, adapted; ad- change, carry, shift, transmit,
vantageous, commodious, com- transport, remove, consign, rele-
fortable, useful, serviceable. gate.
ANT. Inconvenient, useless, ANT. Retain, preserve, hold,
awkicard, superfluous; inop- cling to, possess.
portune. Conviction. Belief, assurance,
Convention. Assemblage, con- persuasion ; confutation, refu-
ference, meeting, concourse, ses- tation; proof, detection.
sion, synod, congress, convoca- ANT. Doubt, disbelief, mis-
tion; treaty, compact. giving; vindication, justifies
ANT. Recess, dissolution, tion.
prorogation; dispersion, scat- Convince. Persuade, satisfy, en-
tering; promise, understand- lighten, indoctrinate, inoculate.
ing, parole. ANT. Mislead, mystify, per-
Conventional. Usual, custom- plex, puzzle, unsettle, upset;
ary, ordinary, habitual, regu- turn, convert.
lar, wonted, prevalent, social, Convivial. Social, festive, hoa-
everyday; stipulated. pitable, jovial, jolly, compan-
ANT. Unusual, erratic, ex- ionable, gay.
traordinary; legal, compulsory. AXT. Inhospitable, unsocial,
Conversant. Familiar, skilled, unneighborly, churlish; abste-
acquainted, proficient, versed. mious, ascetic, austere.
ANT. Strange, ignorant, un- Convocation. Convention, con-
versed, unlearned. gress, assemblage, council,
Conversation. Converse, com- synod.
munion, intercourse, parley, ANT. Dispersion, disruption,
talk, chat, conference, com- dismission, dismissal.
munication, discourse, colloquy, Convolution. Coil, involution,
dialogue. spiral, twist, contortion.
ANT. Speech, oration, ha- ANT. Unfolding, evolution,
rangue, soliloquy, apostrophe, unraveling, explication.
monologue, silenoe, tacitur- Convoy. Escort, guard, attend-
nity. ance, protection.
Converse, a. Opposite, reverse, ANT. Capture, betrayal, on~
contrary, counter, contradic- set, onslaught, hold-up.
tory. Convulse. Disturb, shake, agi-
ANT. Identical, one, same, tate.
indistinguishable; direct, ANT. Calm, compose, soothe,
pri-
mary. assuage.
Conversion. Alteration, trans- Cool. Somewhat cold, chilling,
mutation, change, transforma- frigid, freezing; unimpassioned,
tion. composed, collected, unruffled,
ANT. Permanence, identity, self-possessed, sedate, placid,
persistence, conservation. quiet; indifferent, unconcerned,
Convertible. Equivalent, inter- apathetic.
changeable, identical revers-
; ANT. Hot, uxirm, burning,
ible. heated, excitable, ardent, eager.

I e
coo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cor

Cooperate. Assist, abet, help, ated, emaciated, slight, slender,

conspire, concur, colabor. frail.
ANT. Oppose, thicart, rival, Correct. True, exact, accurate,
counteract, conflict, hinder, de- proper, faultless, right.
feat, frustrate. ANT. False, untrue, wrong,
Coordinate. Equal, equivalent, inexact, inaccurate, fallacious,
proportionate, commensurate, defective.
tantamount, equipollent. Corrective. Regulative, preven-
ANT. Subordinate; dispar- tive, alterative,
preservative,
ate, extraneous; inferior, supe- rectifying, modifying, improv-
rior, ing, reformatory.
Copy. Portraiture, facsimile, du- ANT. Confirmative, stimula-
plicate, imitation, likeness, im- tive, intensltive, provocative,
age, transcript, counterfeit. conducive.
ANT. Model, original, pat- Correlation. Interrelation, cor-
tern, example, prototype, arche- respondence, apposition, inter-
type, exemplar. dependence, mutuality, recipro-
Cordial. Earnest, warm, hearty, cation, interchange, reciprocity.
ardent, affectionate, sincere, in- ANT. Contradiction, inde-
vigorating, refreshing, pleasing, pendence, opposition, inconsis-
grateful. tency, incongruity.
ANT. Cool, formal, ceremoni- Correspond. Agree, suit, match,
ous, distant, reserved, disin- fit, tally, harmonize, answer,
clined. correlate, stand counter; com-
Corner. Angle, bend, crotch, municate, write.
knee; nook, recess, niche, re- ANT. Vary, disagree, clash,
treat. jar; ignore, disregard, neglect.
ANT. Abutment, protrusion, Correspondence. Adaptation,
prominence, convexity, projec- agreement, congruity; writing,
tion. letter, despatches, communica-
Corollary. Inference, conclusion, tion.
deduction, consequence. ANT. Conversation; with-
ANT. Problem, proposition. draioal, non-intercourse; incon-
Corporal, Corporeal. Fleshly, gruity, discord, disagreement.
bodily, material, physical. Corroborate. Strengthen, estab-
ANT. Spiritual, mental, in- lish, sustain, support, confirm.
tellectual, moral, ethereal, im- ANT. Weaken, confute, re-
material. but, invalidate, shake, enfeeble,
Corps. Body of troops, division overthrow.
of army, squadron, band, com- Corrode. Consume, eat away,
pany. waste, impair, rust, canker,
ANT. Aggregate, army, host, wear, crumble.
mass, force, organization. ANT. Renew, restore.
Corpse. Remains, dead body, ca- Corrupt, v. Defile, pollute, in-
daver, carcass, dust. fect, taint, vitiate, demoralize,
ANT. Soul, spirit, individual, contaminate, debase, spoil, de-
personality, mentality. teriorate.
Corpulent. Fat, fleshy, plump, ANT. Cleanse, purify, better,
obese, portly, round, stout. correct, ameliorate.
ANT. Lean, thin, attenu- Corruption. Decay, decomposi-
[ 66 ]
 os] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [con

tion, pollution, defilement, in- lent copy, cheat, artifice, pre-

fection, contamination, adulter- tense, sham, fabrication.
ation; depravity, immorality, ANT. Exposure, detection)
laxity, wickedness; dishonesty, verity, fact, truth, reality.
bribery. Countermand. Abrogate, annul,
Cost. Price, worth, expenditure, revoke, rescind, recall, make
expense, charge, disbursement, void.
outlay; preciousness, richness, ANT. Order, command, bid,
splendor; loss, damage, pain. charge, enjoin, direct, instruct.
Costume. Dress, livery, robes, Counterpart. Duplicate, copy;
uniform. correlative, complement, supple-
ANT. Disguise, incognito; ment, obverse; match, mate,
nudity, nakedness. tally, twin.
Council. Cabinet, bureau, cham- ANT. Antithesis, contradic-
ber, conclave, synod, convoca- tion, contrast.
tion, meeting, conference, par- Countervail. Balance, compen-
liament, consultation, conven- sate, make up, counterbalance,
tion. offset.
ANT. Cabal, league, conspir- ANT. Overthrow, unbalance,
acy; multitude, mob. weigh dou>n.
Counsel. Advice, consultation, Countryman. Rustic, agricul-
opinion, suggestion, recommen- turist, farmer, swain, yeoman,
dation, instruction, caution, ad- laborer, peasant, husbandman;
monition deliberation,
; fore- clown, boor.
thought; plan, design, scheme; ANT. Citizen, townsman;
purpose; lawyer, barrister, at- alien.
torney. Couple, v. Link, unite, connect,
Count. Compute, reckon, add, join, clasp, tie, yoke, buckle,
tell, estimate, number, enumer- pair, splice, button; marry,
ate, sum, calculate. wed.
ANT. Guess, conjecture, sur- ANT. Loose, part, separate,
mise, think, fancy. detach, isolate, unclasp; di-
Countenance, v. Approve, sup- vorce.
port, sanction, help, aid, abet, Courage. Bravery, valor, fear-
encourage, patronize, befriend, lessness, spirit, heroism, forti-
assist, favor. tude, hardihood, boldness, dar-
ANT.Oppose, confront, dis- ing, mettle, pluck, resolution,
courage, browbeat, face, com- intrepidity.
pare, disparage. ANT. Cowardice, timidity,
Counter. Contrary, opposed, op- fear, dread, terror, dismay, con-
posite, against. sternation.
ANT. Accordant toith, co- Course. Route, way, road, track,
incident, consonant. race; direction, bearing, prog-
Counteract. Oppose, foil, baffle, ress, process; career; succes-
thwart, hinder, rival, resist, de- sion, order, regularity; deport-
feat, cross, frustrate, neutral- ment, conduct; series, system.
ize. ANT. Deviation; disorder,
ANT. Aid, cooperate, sub- discursion ; hindrance, error.
serve, promote, advance, assist. Court, v. Woo, flatter, seek, in-
Counterfeit, n. Forgery, fraudu- vite, solicit.
r 67 ]
eou] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Avoid, shun, repudiate, Craft. Skill, ability, power, tal-
repel, antagonize. ent, dexterity, aptitude, tact;
Courtesy. Politeness, affability, artifice, shrewdness, guile, de-
urbanity, civility, complaisance. ception, cunning, deceit; ai%
ANT. Rudeness, incivility, trade, employment, vocation,
churlishness, ungraciousness. calling; vessel.
Courtly. Polished, elegant, JXH. ANT. Inaptitude, tactless-
lite, ceremonious, formal, re- ness; fairness, openness, can-
spectful. dor, sincerity, frankness, in-
ANT. Undignified, unrefined, genuousness, straightforward'
coarse, awkward, boorish, ple- ness.
beian. Cramp. Restrain, hinder, check,
Covenant. Agreement, stipula- confine, hamper, clog, fetter,
tion, bond, compact, contract, cripple.
bargain, arrangement, concor- ANT. Free, liberate, loose,
dant, pact, treaty. expand, ease, relieve, extricate.
ANT. Promise, understand- Crash. Jar, uproar, clash, rend-
ing, assurance, parole. ing, noise, clang, resonance.
Cover, v. Hide, conceal, over- ANT. Murmur, whisper; si-

spread, overlay, secrete, cloak, lence.

veil, screen, mask, shroud, dis-
guise; invest, clothe, wrap;
protect, shelter, shield, guard,
defend; comprehend, comprise,
embrace; balance, compensate,
countervail.
ANT. Expose, reveal, pro-
duce, exhibit; betray, divulge;
omit, exclude.
Covet. Desire, long for, wish
for, aim after, aspire to.
ANT. Dislike, despise; un-
dervalue,
Covetous. Eager, avaricious,
desirous, greedy, grasping, ac-
quisitive, rapacious.
ANT. Liberal, unselfish, gen-
erous, bountiful.
Coward. Craven, recreant, das-
tard.
ANT. Hero, champion; dare-
devil, desperado.
Coy. Bashful, shy, modest, re-
served, retreating, shrinking.
ANT. Bold, forward, imper-
Crassitude. Crossness, thick-
ness, density, corpulence, obes-
ity.
ANT. Tenuity, agility, oo
tivity; spareness, slightness.
Crave. Intreat, beg, beseech, im-
plore, supplicate, desire, long
for,hunger for, yearn.
ANT. Demand, insist, re-
quire.
Crazy. Shattered, broken, tot-
tering; distracted, mad, luna-
tic, insane, delirious, cracked,
demented, deranged.
ANT. Sound, robust, vigor-
ous, sane, whole.
Create. Form, produce, make,
originate, cause, occasion, ap-
point, constitute; beget, engen-
der, generate; imagine, com-
pose, fashion, design.
ANT. Destroy, demolish, an-
nihilate.
Creature. Created being, being,
animal, man, person depend-;

tinent, pert, brazen, flippant. ent, vassal, parasite; wretch,

Crack. Split, break, chop, rend, miscreant.
cleave, snap ; craze, madden. ANT. Chimera, ghost, hallu-
ANT. Mend, unite, repair; cination, fantasy, phantom, con-
restore, heal. ceit, crotchet.

68
ere] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cro

Credence. Belief, trust, faith, ANT. Virtuous, moral, inno-

acceptance, confidence, reliance. cent, just, honorable, praise-
ANT. Denial, distrust, dis- worthy, lawful, legal, right,
belief, doubt, skepticism. meritorious.
Credentials. Diploma, missive, Criminate.^ Charge, accuse, ar-
title, warrant, vouchers, certi- raign, impeach.
ficates, testimonials. ANT. Acquit, absolve, extri-
Credible. Probable, possible, re- cate.
liable, trustworthy, likely. Cripple, v. Weaken, disable, im-
ANT. Improbable, unlikely, pair, break down, cramp, cur-
incredible, unreliable, untrust- tail.
worthy. ANT. Renovate, strengthen,
Credit. Trust, belief, faith, con- augment, liberate, ease, expe-
fidence, credence, reliance; rep- dite.
utation, influence, power; es- Criterion. Standard, test, rule,
teem, regard; loan, securities. touchstone, measure, canon,
ANT. Insecurity; distrust; proof.
shame, disgrace, censure. ANT. Eye, glance; intention,
Credulity. Gullibility, credu- conjecture.
lousness, simplicity. Critic. Judge, censor, reviewer,
ANT. Skepticism, suspicious- connoisseur ; caviller, carper ;
ness, incredulity, shrewdness. arbiter, savant.
Creed. Belief, catechism, con- ANT. Artist, author, writer,
fession, articles of faith, tenets, performer, maker, poet, com-
dogmas, doctrines. poser.
ANT. Protest, abjuration, Critical. Accurate, nice, exact;
disbelief, recantation, retrac- decisive, crucial, determining,
tion. important; dangerous, hazard-
Crestfallen. Downcast, dispir- ous, imminent, momentous, du-
ited, dejected, disheartened, de- bious, precarious.
pressed, desponding, low-spir- ANT. Inexact, loose, und>is-
ited, down-hearted. criminating; unimportant, in-
ANT. Exuberant, elated, con- conclusive; safe, sure, settled,
fident, inspirited. decided, retrieved, redressed.
Crew. Gang, set, band, horde, Criticism. Censure, stricture,
crowd, mob, throng. animadversion, review, critique.
ANT. Supercargo; bevy, ga- ANT. Approbation, praise,
laxy, cream, elite. approval.
Crime. Offense, misdeed, wrong, Criticize. Examine, estimate,
felony, sin, iniquity, misde- judge, discuss, analyze, anato-
meanor, enormity, transgres- mize, scan, animadvert.
sion, wickedness, delinquency. ANT. Survey, overlook, slur,
ANT. Good deed, well-doing, skim, slight, neglect.
exploit, achievement, duty, ser- Crooked. Bent, curved, bowed;
vice, Benefit, benefaction, hero- distorted, twisted, wry, askew,
ism. deformed, disfigured; perverse,
Criminal, a. Immoral, iniqui- contumacious, capricious; dis-
tous, sinful, unlawful, wicked, honest, unfair, unscrupulous,
wrong, vile, nefarious, culpable, knavish, deceitful, tricky.
abominable, illegal, vicious. ANT. Straight, linear, wp~
[ 69
cro] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [cur

right, direct, honest, straight- ANT. Gentle, mild, merciful,

forward. Jiumane, forbearing, generous.
Cross. Fretful, petulant, peev- Crush. Pound, crumble, demol-
ish, snappish, touchy, morose, ish, overpower, squeeze, com-
ill-natured, sullen, snarling, press, bruise, shatter, raze, pul-
cynical, sour, out of humor, verize.
captious, crabbed, sulky. ANT. Consolidate, compact,
ANT. Amiable, genial, good- amalgamate, solidify, stabili-
tempered, good-natured, blithe- tate.
some, charming, winsome, at- Culmination. Zenith, success,
tractive, benign. consummation, acme, comple-
Crowd. Throng, multitude, con- tion, apex.
course, press, horde, herd, host, ANT. Failure, downfall, de~
rabble, mob, populace. feat, descent, decline.
ANT. Cream, elite, bevy, con- Culpable. Blameworthy, blam-
stellation, galaxy; solitude, able, censurable, reprehensible,
solitariness. faulty, wrong.
Crown, n. Diadem, coronet, gar- ANT. Innocent, blameless,
land, chaplet, wreath, laurel, laudable, praiseworthy.
bays; reward, honor, distinc- Culprit. Criminal, delinquent,
tion, dignity; summit, crest, felon, malefactor, offender.
top, head, brow, apex. ANT. Hero, example, pat-
ANT. Base, bottom, floor, tern, model, saint, upright man.
foot, pedestal, foundation, sole; Cultivate. Till; fertilize; im-
infamy, shame. prove, refine, train, discipline,
Crown, v. Complete, consum- develop; study, pursue, inves-
mate, conclude, seal, achieve, tigate; nourish, foster, cherish,
accomplish. promote.
ANT. Mar, spoil, frustrate, ANT. Neglect, blight, blast;
fail. uproot, eradicate, extirpate;
Crucial. Severe, trying, search- stifle, abandon, prevent, dis-
ing, decisive, critical, momen- courage.
tous, strategic. Cunning. Craft, artifice, deceit,
ANT. Superficial, indifferent, intrigue, subtlety, chicane.
mild, lenient, lax, unimpor- ANT. Candor, guilelessness,
tant. sincerity.
Crude. Raw, immature, unripe; Cupidity. Longing, greed, lust;
coarse, unrefined; undigested, covetousness, avarice, acquisi-
unconsidered, unpolished, un- tiveness, stinginess.
couth, awkward. ANT. Prodigality, liberality,
ANT. Mature; refined, sensi- generosity, extravagance.
tive; well-considered, finished, Curb. Restrain, check, control,
classical, highly wrought, elab- repress, bridle.
orate. ANT. Indulge, emancipate,
Cruel. Inhuman, merciless, un- loose, release, free, liberate.
feeling, dire, ruthless, pitiless, Cure, n. Remedy, antidote, re-
relentless, savage, brutal, fero- storative, corrective, help, spe-
cious, blood-thirsty, sangui- cific; healing, restoration, con-
nary; severe, sharp, bitter, valescence, alleviation, renova-
hard. tion.

[ 70 ]
cur] [dar

ANT.Complaint, contagion, Cursory. Hasty, superficial, de-

disease, ailment; aggravation, sultory, careless, slight, rapid.
confirmation; inoculation. A XT. Elaborate, searching,
Curiosity. Inquisitiveness, won- profound.
nte,
der, marvel, rarity, celebrity; Custody. Care, keeping, protec-
inquiry, investigation, scrutiny, tion; confinement, duress, im-
research. prisonment.
ANT. Indifference, heedless- ANT. Neglect, betrayal, ex-
ness, disregard, abstraction; posure, desertion; liberation,
apathy. discharge.
Curious. Prying, meddling, in- Custom. Usage, habit, fashion,
quisitive, searching, scrutiniz- practice, rule; form, formality,
ing; rare, singular, strange; observance; patronage; duty,
elegant, finished. tax.
ANT. Indifferent, uninter- ANT. Law, regulation, com-
ested; trite, common, usual. mand; disuse, non-observance,
Current. Common, general, prev- desuetude.
alent, present, floating, popular, Cutting. Sharp, keen; sarcas-
ordinary, vulgar. tic, severe, satirical, wounding,
ANT. Obsolete, rejected, ex- piercing, trenchant, stinging,
ploded; private, secret; con- sardonic, cruel.
fined. ANT. Mild, soothing, flatter-
Curse, n. Execration, maledic- ing, indulgent, consoling, grati-
tion, anathema, denunciation; fying.
scourge, plague, torment, afflic- Cynical. Censorious, churlish,
tion, trouble ; imprecation, ban, carping, cross, peevish ; deri-
oath. sive, contemptuous, scornful,
ANT. Blessing, benediction, pessimistic, misanthropic.
joy, crown; prosperity, welfare, ANT. Genial, lenient; opti-
luck, success. mistic, philanthropic.

Dainty. Exquisite, choice, rare, ANT. Safety, security, pre-

refined savory, palatable, de-
; caution, defense.
licious, toothsome, tasty, epi- Daring. Adventurous, fearless,
curean; fastidious, luxurious. risky, brave, courageous, daunt-
ANT. Common, dirty, vul- less, intrepid, valorous.
gar, coarse, defiled, nasty, foul, ANT. Cautious, timid, wary,
filthy .
fearful.
Damage. Hurt, injury, detri- Dark. Black, swarthy, opaque,
ment, loss, mischief, impair- obscure, shadowy, lurid, sun-
ment. less, murky, cloudy, overcast,
ANT. Benefit, compensation, ebon, pitchy, secret; mysteri-
advantage, blessing, reparation. ous, enigmatical, unintelligible,
Danger. Peril, risk, hazard, ven- occult, abstruse; gloomy, dis-
ture, insecurity, liability, jeop- heartening, cheerless, dismal ;

ardy. ignorant, rude, untaught, be-

t 71 ]
dar] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [deb

flighted; wicked, foul, horrible, Dazzle. Daze, blind; astonish,

damnable, vile, artocious, infer- surprise, overpower, bewilder,
nal; joyless, mournful, sad, sor- confuse.
rowful. ANT. Enlighten, illumine, il-
ANT. White, fair, light, ra- luminate ; make clear, instruct.
diant, bright, clear, buoyant, Dead. Lifeless, breathless, inan-
plain, brilliant, glaring, crys- imate; deceased, defunct, de-
talline, transparent, dazzling, parted; dull, cold, frigid, inert,
luminous, illumed; happy, joy- indifferent ; tasteless, insipid,
ful, festive. flat; insensible, heavy, uncon-
Darling. Sweetheart, love, pet, scious, spiritless, still, torpid.
favorite, idol, dear. ANT. Quick, live, living, ani-
Dash. Strike, hurl, cast, throw, mate, alive, stirring, vivacious.
drive, send, speed, dart; alloy, Deadly. Mortal, fatal, destruc-
adulterate suffuse, overspread,
; tive, noxious, murderous, malig-
color; disappoint, ruin, frus- nant, pernicious, baneful, ven-
trate; surprise, abash. omous.
ANT. Raise, erect, reinstate ; ANT. Vital, wholesome, life-
creep, crawl; fulfil, realize, ef- giving.
fect. Deaf. Hardof hearing; dull, in-
Dastard. Coward, craven, recre- sensible, heedless ; inexorable,
ant. averse, disinclined; inaudible.
ANT. Hero, champion; dare- ANT. Acute, listening, atten-
devil. tive, willing, susceptible.
Data. Facts, basis, grounds, pos- Deal. Bargain, chaffer, trade,
tulates, premises, given condi- traffic, do business; distribute,
tions. allot, divide, share, mete out.
ANT. Conjectures, assump- ANT. Close, stop, fail; col-
tions, inferences, deductions. lect, gather, glean, muster.
Date. Time, era, epoch, period, Dear. Costly, high-priced, expen-
age. sive, precious; beloved, valued.
ANT. Non-duration; eternity. ANT. Cheap, common, inex-
Daub. Smear, plaster, sully, be- pensive; hated, abhorred.
grime, soil, deface, defile. Dearth. Lack, want, scarcity,
ANT. Embellish, decorate; poverty.
cleanse, whiten. ANT. Plenty, abundance, lux-
Daunt. Terrify, alarm, intimi- ury.
date, appal, frighten off, tame. Death. Decease, dying, dissolu-
ANT. Rally, inspirit, encour- tion, departure, exit, expiration.
age. ANT. Life, birth, rise, vital-
Dauntless. Valiant, fearless, in- ity, growth, activity.
trepid, indomitable, un-
bold, Debar. Exclude, bar out, stop,
conquerable, valorous, chival- prevent, prohibit, restrain, hin-
rous, heroic, brave, daring. der.
ANT. Cowardly, timid, cau- ANT. Admit, enclose, em-
tious, fearful, afraid, faint- brace; allow, indulge, permit,
hearted, shrinking. entitle.
Dawn. Appear, begin, open; Debase. Degrade, deprave, cor-
break, grow light, rise. rupt, alloy, deteriorate, lower,
AKT. Wane, set, *tnfc, close. imcair.

I 72 J|
deb] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dee

ANT. Raise, enhance, exalt, Decide. Determine, settle, con-

honor, purify, improve, amelio- clude, close, terminate, end, re-
rate. solve.
Debate, n.
Discussion, dispute, ANT. Waver, hesitate, vacil-
controversy, contention, alter- late, fluctuate, be irresolute.
cation, contest. Decipher. Reveal, explain, un-
ANT. Compliance, surrender, ravel, unfold.
withdrawal of opposition. ANT. Puzzle, mystify.
Debatable. Dubious, doubtful, Decision. Determination, sen*
uncertain, disputable, proble- tence, conclusion, judgment;
matical. firmness, resolution.
ANT. Sure,
certain, incon- ANT. Vacillation, vaguene89t
testable, self-evident. uncertainty.
Debauch. Seduce, corrupt, viti- Decisive. Conclusive, positive,
ate, defile. final, definitive, indisputable.
ANT. Purify, elevate. ANT. Vague, hypothetical^
Debility. Infirmity, weakness, indeterminate, dubious, prob-
languor, exhaustion, feebleness. lematical.
ANT. Vigor, strength, nerve, Deck. Adorn, dress, ornament.
energy, tone, vitality. ANT. Btrip, despoil; deform,
Debt. Liability, obligation, de- deface.
fault, claim, score. Declaim. Recite, speak, debate,
ANT. Liquidation, assets, ac- harangue.
commodation, credit. ANT. Study, compose, elab-
Debtor. Borrower, mortgagor. orate.
ANT. Creditor, lender, mort- Declamation. Harangue, effu-
gagee. sion, debate, oratory, elocution.
Decay, v. Corrupt, putrefy, de- ANT. Hesitation, stammer'
compose, rot, spoil, molder, ing.
wither, perish. Declaration. Assertion, affir-
ANT. Flourish, luxuriate, ex- mation, avowal publication,
;

pand, vegetate, grow, increase. proclamation, official announce-

Deceit. Fraud, deception, cheat- ment.
ing, artifice, imposition, guile. ANT. Denial; concealment;
ANT. Honesty, openness, fair recantation, disavowal, retrao-
dealing, frankness, truth, ver- tion.
ity. Declare. Announce, publish, ad-
Deceive. Cheat, dupe, delude, be- vertise, reveal, proclaim.
guile, fool, trick, impose upon, ANT. Suppress, unthhold,
disappoint, mislead, circum- conceal.
vent, entrap. Decline. Fall, decay, decadence,
ANT. Enlighten, guide, dis- degeneration ; refusal, rejeo-
abuse, deliver. tion, repudiation.
Deception. Craft, cunning, ly- ANT. Rise, advancement, im-
ing, fraud, hypocrisy, trickery, provement ; acceptance.
delusion, duplicity, deceitful- Declivity. Fall, slope, descent.
ness, falsehood, prevarication. ANT.
Ascent, rise.
ANT. Candor, honesty, sin- Decoction. Concoction, mixture,
cerity, truth, veracity, guile- mess.
lesmtss, frankness, simplicity. ANT. Rawness, crudity.
[ 73 ]
 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [def

Decompose. Analyze, dissolve, heartfelt, intense, thorough.

resolve; decay, putrefy, become ANT. Shallow; superficial,
corrupt. artless, undcsigning; indiffer-
ANT. Compound, mix, organ- ent.
ise,compose. Default. Neglect, failure, omis-
Decorate. Adorn, embellish, im- sion; want, destitution, lack;
prove. lapse, forfeit, delinquency, ab-
ANT. Spoil, mar, denude, de- sence.
face. ANT. Satisfaction; appear-
Decorum. Dignity, order, pro- ance, plea; maintenance, sup-
priety, seemliness. ply; presence.
ANT. Disorder, disturbance, Defeat. Overthrow, frustration,
unseemliness. discomfiture.
Decrease. Lessen, diminish, sub- ANT. Success, triumph, vic-
side, want, dwindle, curtail, re- tory.
trench, reduce, loAver. Defect. Fault, flaw, imperfec-
ANT. Increase, grow, aug- tion; omission, want, shortcom-
ment, expand. ing.
Decree. Decision, determination, ANT. Emendation, perfec-
law, edict, mandate, manifesto. tion; supply, sufficiency.
ANT. Suggestion, request, Defense. Apology, justification,
hint. vindication; shelter, shield,
Decrepit. Weak, infirm, totter- protection, guard, resistance,
ing, aged. rampart, fortress, safeguard,
ANT. Strong, youthful. bulwark.
Decry. Disparage, detract, de- A>'T. Surrender, betrayal, ex-
preciate, denounce, abase, tra- posure, hazard; challenge.
duce. Defer. Delay, postpone, procras-
ANT. Extol, praise, eulogize, tinate, adjourn, put off; yield
laud. to, respect.
Dedicate. Devote, hallow, sanc- ANT. Hasten, hurry, expe-
tify, consecrate; address, in- dite, quicken, overdrive; slight,
scribe; assign, apply, set apart. disregard.
ANT. Desecrate, misuse, ali- Deference. Respect, considera-
enate. tion, esteem, veneration, hom-
Deduce. Infer, draw, derive, con- age.
clude. ANT. Disrespect, contumely,
ANT. Induce, state, conjec- impudence, defiance, disobedi-
ture, guess, anticipate, fore- ence.
see. Defile. Contaminate, spoil, pol-
Deed. Performance, act, action, lute, vitiate, infect, taint, be-
exploit; reality, fact, truth; foul.
document, instrument. ANT. Purify, cleanse, disin-
ANT. Omission, failure, in- hallow, sanctify.
fect, uxish,
validation, reversal, recall; un- Definition. Description, exposi-
doing. tion, comment, explanation, in-
Deep. Profound; difficult, mys- terpretation, rendering, trans-
terious, hard, intricate ; pene- lation.
trating, sagacious, astute, in- ANT. Misstatement.
telligent, discerning, shrewd ; Deformity. Ugliness, malforma-
[ 74
def] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [del

tion, distortion, disfigurement, debate, confer, consider, reflect,

abnormity, hideousness. consult, weigh, cogitate.
ANT. Grace, beauty, regu- ANT. Shelve, dismiss, dis-
symmetry.
larity, card, put aside; hazard, cluince,
Defrayment. Payment, settle- risk.
ment, liquidation, discharge. Deliberate, a. Cautious, care-
ANT. Failure, insolvency, re- ful, wary;well-advised, pur-
pudiation, embezzlement, non- posed, studied; slow, leisurely;
payment. intentional, earnest, unbiased.
Defy. Challenge, dare, provoke, ANT. Facetious, playful; ir-
scorn, brave. resolute, hesitant, faltering, va-
ANT. Dread, cower, shrink, cillating ;impulsive,rash,hasty ;
shun. prejudiced.
Degeneracy. Degradation, dete- Delicacy. Dainty, morsel, tid-
rioration, growing worse, decay, bit, relish; refinement, luxury,
decline ; inferiority, meanness. nicety, elegance; frailty, weak-
ANT. Improvement, advance- ness ; fastidiousness, scrupu-
ment. lousness; purity, sensibility.
Degree. Grade, rank, step, sta- ANT. "Necessaries, commons,
tion, stage, quality, standing; fare; coarseness, roughness,
measure, interval, space. rudeness; vigor, strength; gross-
ANT. Mass, magnitude, size, ness.
numbers. Delicious. Dainty, savory, de-
Dejected. Disheartened, discour- lightful, luscious, exquisite.
aged, depressed, downcast, des- ANT. Nauseous, repulsive,
pondent, gloomy, melancholy, bitter, loathsome, unpalatable,
low-spirited. acrid.
ANT. Cheerful, elated, gay, Delight. Joy, gladness, charm,
blithe, inspirited, joyous, jovial, rapture, transport, satisfaction,
merry. pleasure, ecstasy, happiness, en-
Delay. Postponement, procrasti- joyment, bliss.
nation hindrance, impediment.
; ANT. Pain, suffering, sorrow,
ANT. Hurry, despatch, quick- misery, discomfort, dejection,
ening, urgency ; assistance, fur- melancholy, discontent, trouble,
therance. distress, depression.
Delegate, n. Substitute, proxy, Delightful. Agreeable, congen-
representative, legate, deputy. ial, grateful, pleasant, refresh-
Delegate, v. Depute, commis- ing, welcome, satisfying, deli-
sion, appoint, empower, consti- cious, acceptable, pleasurable.
tute, ordain. ANT. Miserable, depressing,
ANT. Relegate, recall, super- disappointing, horrible, melan-
sede, remove. choly, painful, woful, wretched,
Deleterious. Destructive, nox- mournful, saddening.
ious, deadly, poisonous; hurt- Delineate. Describe, figure, rep-
ful, harmful, injurious, perni- resent, sketch, draw, portray,
cious, unwholesome. depict, paint.
ANT. Wholesome,
healthy, ANT. Caricature, misrepre-
beneficial, sanitary, salubrious, sent, exaggerate.
nutritious. Delinquent. Offender, culprit,
Deliberate, v. Meditate, ponder, criminal, miscreant, malefactor.
[ 75 ]
del] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Worthy, model, para-
gon, pattern, beau ideal.
Deliver. Free, liberate, release;
save, rescue; give, hand over,
transfer; yield, grant, resign,
surrender; pronounce, declare,
speak; discharge, deal.
ANT. Confine, capture; sup-
press, retain; withdraio, be-
tray; appropriate.
Deluge. Inundation, flood, over-
flow, rush, cataclysm.
ANT. Drought, dearth, arid- tious, wanton, wild.
ity; mist, moisture; subsidence, Denial.
ebb, abatement. negation, disavowal.
Delusion. Error, fallacy, illu-
sion, hallucination, trick, snare,
fraud, deception, imposture.
ANT. Fact, certainty, verity,
actuality, truth, reality.
Demand. Require, ask, call for,
insist, exact, challenge.
ANT. Request, petition, sup-
plicate; disclaim, forego, waive.
Demarcation. Outline,
sketch,
limit, boundary, division, en-
closure, separation, distinc-
tion.
ANT. Openness, space, ex-
panse, extent.
Demean. Behave, comport, act,
conduct one's self.
ANT. Misbehave.
Demerit. Fault, delinquency,
misdeed, failure.
ANT. Credit, merit, worth,
excellence, desert.
Democratic. Popular, representa-
tive, republican, radical.
ANT. Imperial, aristocratic,
regal, oligarchical, autocratic,
despotic, tyrannical, constitu-
tional, conservative.
Demolish. Overthrow, destroy,
overturn, raze, ruin.
ANT. Restore, repair; build,
construct, make.
Demonstration. Exhibition, ex-
emplification manifestation, il-
;
lustration ; evidence, proof, cer-
I 76
[dep
tainty, conclusion, consequence,
induction, inference, deduction.
ANT. Concealment, secrecy;
theory, supposition.
Demoralize. Corrupt, deprave,
vitiate, undermine, subvert.
ANT. Stimulate, impel, pro-
mote, incite, reassure, animate,
uplift.
Demure. Sedate, staid, modest,
prudish, discreet.
ANT. Lively, vivacious, face-
Refusal; contradiction,
ANT. Affirmation, avowal,
admission, concession.
Denizen. Citizen, subject, in-
habitant, dweller, sojourner.
ANT. Foreigner, alien, trav-
eler, stranger, transient.
Denomination. Name, designa-
tion, description, appellation,
class, sect, school.
ANT. Misnomer.
Denounce. Brand, defame, stig-
matize, decry accuse menace,
; ;
threaten proscribe, vituperate.
;
ANT. Eulogize, applaud, up-
hold, vindicate.
Dense. Thick, slow, compact,
solid, close, thickset.
ANT. Sparse, thin, scattered;
quick, intelligent, clever, alert,
ready.
Denunciation. Censure, ar-
raignment; threat, menace; ex-
posure.
ANT. Vindication, defense,
apology, plea, excuse.
Deny. Refuse, withhold ; contra-
dict, gainsay ; renounce, abjure,
disown.
ANT. Affirm, grant, accept,
concede; indulge, yield, admit.
Depart. Leave, go, start, sally,
retire, disappear, vanish, bid
farewell; die, decease.
ANT. Arrive, alight; stay, re*
main, cling.
dep] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dM

Department. Division, section, ANT.Elevation, raising, eto-

portion; function, office, duty,
station; province, branch, line.
ANT. Organization, whole,
tody.
Dependent. Hanging, resting,
contingent, conditioned, relying,
subject, relative.
ANT. Independent, free, ab-
solute, irrespective.
Depict. Portray, draw, paint,
delineate.
ANT. Caricature, parody.
Deplorable. Lamentable, piti-
able, sad, mournful, disastrous,
calamitous, grievous, distress-
ing, melancholy.
ANT. Acceptable, felicitous,
happy, welcome, glad, joyous,
beneficent, pleasing.
Deportment. Conduct, carriage,
behavior, demeanor, character.
ANT. Misbehavior, miscon-
duct.
Depose. Dethrone, debase, de-
grade, dismiss, oust, displace.
ANT. Enthrone, install, initi-
ate, elevate, exalt, invest with
power.
Deprecate. Regret, disapprove,
lament; intercede, expostulate.
ANT. Rejoice in, approve; in-
voke, imprecate, curse.
Depreciate. Disparage, decry,
undervalue, detract, underesti-
mate.
ANT. Appreciate, value,
teem.
Depredation. Robbery, pillage,
plunder, spoliation, theft, inva-
sion, trespass, havoc, encroach-
ment.
ANT. Restitution, compensa-
tion, restoration, amends, repa-
ration.
Depression. Lowering, degrada-
tion, abasement, perversion, de-
preciation, dejection, discour-
agement; hollow, valley, de-
cline.
promotion, ameliora-
altation,
tion, preferment, prominenoe t
eminence.
Deprive. Bereave, rob, divest,
strip, despoil, dispossess, de-
pose; prevent, hinder.
ANT. EKdow, enrich, invest,
compensate, present, indem-
nify.
Deputy. Lieutenant, agent, rep-
resentative, envoy, legate, sub-
stitute, vicegerent, proxy, dele-
gate.
ANT. Master, principal, gov-
ernor, chief, sovereign, ruler.
Derangement. Disorder, confu-
sion, disarrangement; disturb-
ance, discomposure; madness,
lunacy, insanity, mania, delir-
ium, alienation, aberration.
ANT. Order, arrangement,
regulation; calmness; sanity,
poise, rationality.
Derision. Scorn, contempt, ridi-
cule, mockery, contumely, scoff-
ing.
ANT. Admiration, respect,
reverence, regard, esteem, ven-
eration.
Derivation. Source, origin, gen-
esis, fountain, descent, root,
etymology.
ANT. Result, issue, termina-
tion, effect, application, use.
Derogate. Detract, depreciate,
es- disparage, compromise, lessen.
ANT. Esteem, value, over~
estimate, enhance, extol.
Descendant. Offspring, poster-
ity, progeny, stock, family, lin-
eage, scion, branch, issue.
ANT. Ancestry, progenitor,
origin, root, source, founder,
parent.
Describe. Trace, draw, portray,
mark out, represent, depict, re-
count, narrate, illustrate, de-
fine, explain, characterize.
ANT, Caricature, misrepre*
[ 77 ]
des] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
sent, distort; mystify, perplex,
confuse.
Descry. Perceive, discern, recog-
nize, discover, espy, see, behold,
detect, find out.
ANT. Overlook, miss, neglect.
Desecrate. Profane, pollute, per-
vert, abuse, secularize, prosti-
tute.
ANT. Hallow, sanctify,
spect, esteem, dedicate, devote.
Desert. Solitude, wild, wilder-
ness, waste.
ANT. Oasis, pasture, meadow.
Deserter. Renegade, turncoat,
canter, backslider, abjurer, trai-
.
tor, apostate.
ANT. Adherent, devotee, sup-
porter, bigot, disciple, ally.
Deserve. Merit, earn, win, be
entitled to.
ANT. Forfeit, lose, miss, fail
of.
Desideratum. Very desirable
thing, requisite, want, essential.
ANT. Superfluity, surplus,
perquisite.
Design, n. Intention, purpose,
aim, end, scheme, proposal, pro-
ject, object, plan, device, pur-
port, meaning, drift, scope,
mark; delineation, sketch, arti-
fice, drawing, draft; invention,
contrivance cunning, guile.
;
ANT. Execution, perform-
ance, structure, construction, is-
sue, result; candor, openness,
sincerity; chance, accident.
Design, v. Intend, plan, prepare,
project, contrive, scheme, pur-
pose, mean, propose; draw, de-
lineate, sketch ; contemplate,
outline, plot.
ANT. Risk, guess, conjecture,
chance; misconceive, misinter-
pret, misrepresent.
Designate. Specify, particular-
ize; describe, define, denomi-
nate, name, call, style, christen,
dub ; appoint, allot.
[des
ANT. Misname, miscall; gen-
eralize; misrepresent.
Desirable. Eligible, expedient,
advantageous, beneficial, advis-
able, valuable, profitable, envi-
able, proper, judicious.
ANT. Inexpedient, disadvan-
tageous, harmful, inadvisable,
evil.
re- Desire. Appetite, inclination,
longing, proclivity, craving, im-
pulse, hankering, coveting, pro-
pensity, wish; aspiration, wilL
ANT. Loathing, disgust, aver-
re- sion, hate, repugnance, horror.
Desolate, a. Bereaved, comfort-
less, forlorn, cheerless, lonely,
solitary; uninhabited, forsaken,
unfrequented, waste, dreary,
wild.
ANT.Peopled, colonized, de-
cultivated; populous,
veloped,
crowded, frequented.
Despair. Desperation, discour-
agement, hopelessness, despon-
dency.
ANT. Courage, hope, expecta-
tion, anticipation, assurance,
confidence, elation, cheer, trust,
hopefulness, encouragement.
Despatch, v. Expedite, speed, ac-
celerate, quicken, hasten; kill,
slay.
ANT. Delay, retard, impede,
obstruct; preserve, save, spare.
Desperate. Wild, reckless, des-
pondent, hopeless, wretched,
forlorn, lost; heroic, extreme,
defiant; precipitate, headlong,
frantic.
ANT. Cautious, timid, shy;
hopeful, promising, propitious.
Despise. Contemn, scorn, slight,
disdain, spurn.
ANT. Respect, esteem, ven-
erate, regard, revere.
Despoil. Strip, denude, ravage;
rob, plunder, pillage, devastate.
ANT. Adorn, enrich, rehabili-
tate.
[ 78 ]
des] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dev

Despotic. Tyrannical, absolute, Deteriorate. Impair, degrade,,

imperious, autocratic, arrogant. debase; decline, degenerate.
ANT. Conciliatory, humane, ANT. Ameliorate, promote,
merciful; constitutional, demo- advance, rectify.
cratic, representative. Determine. Settle, adjust, de-
Destination. Aim, end, object, cide; ascertain, verify; influ-
purpose, design; goal, harbor. ence, lead, incl ine ; resolve.
ANT. Action, movement; ini- ANT. Vacillate, waver, un-
tiation, project, effort. settle, doubt.
Destiny. Fate, lot, doom, star, Detest. Abominate, abhor, exe-
fortune, necessity, end, predes- crate, loathe, shrink from.
tination. ANT. Like, approve, appre-
ANT. Choice, will, freedom, ciate, praise, love.
volition, free will. Dethrone. Depose, uncrown,
Destructive. Ruinous, injurious, drive out of power, cause to
pernicious, deleterious, bane- abdicate.
ful, detrimental, hurtful, nox- ANT. Crown, enthrone, ex-
ious. alt.
ANT. Constructive, restora- Detract. Depreciate, disparage,
tive, beneficial, wholesome, pre- lessen, derogate, calumniate,
servative. slander, defame, decry, vilify.
Desuetude. Disuse, non-observ- ANT. Enhance, augment, in-
ance, obsolescence. crease, flatter, compliment.
ANT. Use, custom, practice, Detriment. Loss, damage, in-
exercise, operation. jury, harm, evil, prejudice, dis-
Desultory. Rambling, irregu- advantage, impairment, incon-
lar, capricious, wandering, rov- venience.
ing, discursive, cursory, erratic, ANT. Enhancement, rem-
spasmodic, unsystematic. edy, augmentation, improve-
ANT. Methodical, continuous, ment, repair, reinstatement.
periodical, diligent, exact, un- Develop. Evolve, unfold, educe,
tiring, persevering, earnest, se- disclose, unravel, exhibit, ex-
rious, settled, consecutive. pand, enlarge; open, grow, ma-
Detail. Account, narrative, re- ture.
cital; detachment; individual, ANT. Envelop, wrap, con-
particular, item, specialty, ele- ceal, contract, compress ; stunt T
ment, point, component. duvtrf, hinder, prevent.
ANT. Totality, whole, gener- Deviate. Digress, wander, de-
ality, aggregation, mass, bulk. flect,veer, diverge; depart, err,
Detention. Hindrance, retain- stray, swerve differ, vary.
;

ing, restraint, stopping. ANT. Cohere, coincide; ac-

ANT. Relinquishment, aban- company, continue, remain; ad-
donment, letting go, release, lib- vance; converge; agree, assimi-
eration. late.
Deter. Hinder, discourage, pre- Device. Contrivance, invention,
vent, restrain, withhold, terrify, design, project, plan, scheme,
scare, dishearten, dissuade. expedient, resource; wile, arti-
ANT. Incite, provoke, allure, fice, stratagem, evasion, fraud;
tem.pt, seduce, prompt, per- emblem, symbol, type.
suade. ANT. Fortune, luck, hazard?
t 79 ]
dev] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
hit; openness, frankness,
dor.
Devious. Erratic, wandering,
deviating, crooked, circuitous,
misleading, treacherous, round-
about.
ANT. Direct, plain, straight-
forward, frequented.
Devise. Plan, design, contrive,
imagine, scheme, project, con-
coct; bequeath, leave.
ANT. Mismanage, miscon-
trive; inherit.
Devoid. Void, wanting, empty,
destitute, vacant, unprovided
for.
ANT. Full, supplied, pro-
vided, replete, furnished, abun-
dant, plentiful, sufficient.
Devolve. Transfer, consign, con-
vey, demise, devise, deliver;
impose, place, attach, commis-
sion, charge, depute; fall, pass,
be transferred.
ANT. Deprive, vnthhold, re-
call, cancel, alienate, skip, pass,
miss.
Devotion. Dedication, consecra-
tion, piety, religion, sanctity,
holiness, worship, adoration;
attachment, affection, love; ar-
dor, earnestness, zeal, eager-
ness, self-sacrifice.
ANT. Impiety, profanity,
sacrilege, irreverence; aversion,
alienation, antipathy, indiffer-
ence, apathy.
Devour. Consume, gorge, eat
ravenously, swallow ; destroy,
annihilate, waste, swallow up,
expend.
ANT. Disgorge, vomit; save,
conserve.
Dexterity. Aptitude, skill,
pertness, readiness, adroitness.
ANT. Ineptitude, inability,
weakness, awkwardness, clum-
siness.
Diadem. Crown, chaplet, fillet,
wreath, tiara, circlet.
[die
can- Diagnosis. Investigation, de-
termination, analysis.
ANT. Misjudgment, error.
Diagnostic. Symptom, feature,
sign, cue, indication, mark, in-
dex.
ANT. Development, consum-
mation, crisis, head, formation.
Dialect. Language, phraseology,
tongue, speech, provincialism,
idiom, accent.
Dialogue. Conversation between
two people, colloquy, discourse,
tete-a-tete.
ANT. Monologue, soliloquy,
apostrophe, oration.
Dictate. Direct, ordain, com-
mand,
prescribe, order, bid, re-
quire, decree; utter; prompt,
suggest, enjoin, instruct.
ANT. Follow, repeat, obey,
answer; accept.
Dictation. Injunction, precept,
command, rule, maxim, direc-
tion, utterance.
ANT. Consultation, confer-
ence, council; advice, recom-
mendation.
Dictatorial. Imperious, imper
tive, domineering, arbitrary,
absolute, unlimited, authori-
tative, unrestricted, overbear-
ing.
ANT. Condescending, suppli-
catory, affable, suppliant, un-
assuming, persuasive.
Diction. Expression, language,
phrase, phraseology, style, ver-
biage, vocabulary, wording.
ANT. Provincialism, barba-
rism, solecifim.
Dictionary. Lexicon, word-book,
glossary, vocabulary.
ex- Didactic. Instructive, percep-
tive, moral, directive, educative.
ANT. Unsound, misleading,
erroneous, uninstructive, perni-
cious.
Die. Expire, decease, depart;
wither, perish, decay, decline,
[ 80
 SYNONYMS AND ANTON i MS [dim

fade; cease, vanish, disappear; ponder, consider, contemplate,

sink, faint, fall; subside.
ANT. Live, recover, be born;
survive, exist; originate, de-
velop, grow, strengthen, flour-
ish, luxuriate, vegetate.
Diet. Food, victuals, nourish-
ment, aliment, nutriment, pro-
vision, viands, rations, fare,
subsistence ;assembly, parlia-
ment, congress.
ANT. Starvation, fasting,
abstinence, fast; gluttony, om-
nivorousness.
Difference. Contrast, diversity,
variation, variety, discrepancy,
disagreement, disparity, dis-
tinction, divergence, unlikenesa.
ANT. Agreement, uniform-
ity, unity, consonance, identity,
likeness, resemblance, harmony,
sameness, similarity.
Differentiate. Discriminate, in-
dividualize, distinguish, par-
ticularize, specify, segregate,
identify.
ANT. Generalize, classify,
confuse, amalgamate.
Difficult. Arduous, exhausting,
severe, onerous, trying, toil-
some, hard, laborious; intri-
cate, involved, obscure, enig-
matical; unmanageable, re-
served, opposed, unamenable.
ANT. Easy, facile, trifling,
slight, trivial, pleasant, light;
simple, plain, clear, manifest ;
approachable, amcn-nble, pliant.
Diffident. Modest, doubtful, re-
luctant, hesitating; bashful,
timid, shy, self-distrustful.
ANT. Bold, aggressive, for-
irord, arrogant, self-conceited.
Diffuse, a. Prolix, loose, copi-
ous, rambling, verbose, long-
winded, diluted.
ANT. Epigrammatic, laconic,
terse,condensed.
Digest. Methodize, systematize,
arrange, classify, cod'ify ; study,
meditate, con; master, assimi-
late.
ANT. Confound, complicate,
disorder, derange, disturb; re-
ject, refuse.
Dignified. Stately, noble, grand,
majestic, self-respecting, impos-
ing, decorous, august, lofty, ex-
pompous.
alted,
ANT. Stunted, low, mean, un-
imposing, depressed, ordinary,
self-accusing.
Dignify. Advance, promote, ex-
alt, ennoble, prefer; grace,
honor, adorn; elevate, aggran-
dize.
ANT. Humiliate, debase, de-
grade.
Digress. Deviate, ramble, wan-
der; differ.
ANT. Proceed, advance; har-
monize, agree.
Dilapidation. Ruin, decay, dis-
integration, downfall, demoli-
tion.
ANT. Construction, repara-
tion; soundness, solidity; fab-
rication, building.
Dilate. Stretch wide, expand,
enlarge, widen, distend.
ANT. Compress, compact, re-
strict, narrow, condense, con-
centrate.
Dilatory. Slow, loitering, tardy,
procrastinating, dawdling, lag-
ging, lingering, sluggish.
ANT. Prompt, vigilant, alert,
eager, earnest.
Diligence. Industry, assiduity,
activity, perseverance, applica-
tion, attention, care, heed.
ANT. Neglect, carelessness,
idleness, inertness, inattention,
desultoriness.
Dim. Obscure, dark, covered,
hidden, dusky, indistinct, un-
certain.
ANT. Bright, clear, mani-
fest, light.

[ 81 ]
dim] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dis

Dimension. Measurement, bulk, ately, forthwith, soon, speed-

mass, extent ; ( pi. ) size, ca- ily, instantly, promptly, pres-
pacity, amplitude, massiveness, ently, quickly, straightway, at
greatness. once.
ANT. Segment, section, por- ANT. Secondarily, by-and-
tion, part. by; remotely, obliquely, cir-
Diminish. Lessen, reduce, de- cuitously.
crease, abate, subside, shorten, Dirge. Requiem, elegy, lament,
dwarf, retrench. wake, threnody, coronach.
ANT. Augment, amplify, in- ANT. Anthem, Te Deum, Ju-
crease, magnify, expand. bilate, pcean, jubilee, halleluiah.
Din. Racket, clamor, noise, up- Dirt. Filth, uncleanness, dung,
roar. foulness, meanness, filthiness,
ANT. Crash, explosion; si- defilement.
lence. ANT. Cleanness, purity, ab-
Dingy. Dirty, dull, soiled, tar- lution; innocence, spotlessness.
nished, dim, obscure, somber. Dis-. The prefix dis- has usually
ANT. Bright, burnished, ra- a negative, sometimes an inten-
diant, glittering, gleaming, lu- sive, force. Therefore, for words
minous. beginning with it look under
Dip. Immerse, plunge, inunda.te, the antonyms of the root words.
soak, steep, drown, submerge. When its force is intensive,
ANT. Dry, drain, parch; air, however, they will be found un-
ventilate, evaporate, vaporize. der the synonyms of the root
Diplomacy. Negotiation, indi- words. Only a few of derived
rection, tact, artful manage- significance are here given.
ment, contrivance, circumven- Disability. Unfitness, inability,
tion; embassage, ministry, am- incompetence, incapacity, dis-
bassadorship. qualification.
ANT. Dismissal, conge, re- ANT. Merit, fitness, recom-
call; candor, naivete, ingenu- mendation, qualification, capa-
ousness; mismanagement, mal- bility.
administration; self-defeat. Disabuse. Undeceive, set right,
Diplomatic. Prudent, wise, tact- correct, enlighten, inform, rec-
ful, astute, politic, sagacious, tify.
judicious, discreet. ANT. Deceive, delude, hood-
ANT. Blundering, tactless, wink.
injudicious. Disappoint. Frustrate, foil, de-
Direct, o. Unswerving, straight, feat, baffle, disconcert, mortify,
rectilinear, undeviating. vex, betray, tantalize.
ANT. Meandering, crooked, ANT. Fulfil, realize, satisfy,
roundabout, circuitous. gratify, encourage, verify, sup-
Direction. Course, tendency, port.
aim, bearing; oversight, man- Disaster. Misfortune, mishap,
agement, control, superinten- reverse, calamity, catastrophe.
dence, conduct; order, com- ANT. Blessing, benefit, good
mand; address, superscription. fortune, profit, gain, boon.
ANT. Deviation, aberration; Disburse. Spend, expend, con-
miscontrol. sume, waste, use, lay out,
Directly. Straightly, immedi- pay.
[ 82 ]
dis] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dis

ANT. Save, economize, hoard, embarrass, disturb, upset, per-

husband. plex, abash, confuse, bewilder.
Discern. Observe, discriminate, ANT. Assist, countenance,
distinguish, perceive, see, des- encourage, compose, calm, ap-
cry, behold, espy, discover, pen- pease, pacify, tranquilize.
etrate, differentiate. Disconsolate. Inconsolable, sor-
ANT. Overlook, neglect, miss. rowful, heant-broken, comfort-
Discernible. Discoverable, per- less, melancholy, desolate, for-
ceptible, visible, apparent, con- lorn, sad.
spicuous, palpable, plain, mani- ANT. Joyous, cheerful, glad,
fest, evident. merry, jovial, happy, blithe.
ANT. Obscure, minute, in- Discordance. Disagreement, dis-
visible, microscopic, impalpable. cord, dissonance, conflict, oppo-
Discernment. Sagacity, per- sition.
ception, discrimination, bright- ANT. Accordance, harmony,
ness, astuteness, insight, intel- concord.
ligence, perspicacity, penetra- Discover. Find, detect, discern,
tion, acuteness, judgment, in- ferret out, invent, expose, as-
genuity. certain, descry, disclose, betray,
ANT. Blindness, inattention, indicate, manifest.
dulness, density. ANT. Hide, conceal, cover,
Discharge, v. Unburden, un- secrete, tury, suppress, with-
load; expel, eject; shoot, fire; hold.
release, exonerate, acquit, lib- Discreet. Discerning, wise, saga-
erate, free ;dismiss, discard, cious, prudent, cautious, ju-
cashier; remove, destroy; per- dicious, considerate, circum-
form, execute, observe. spect.
ANT. Confine, charge, load, ANT.
Foolish, heedless, reck-
burden, contain; detain, check, less, imprudent, undis-
silly,
delay, stop; preserve; ignore. cerning, unrestrained.
Disciple. Follower, student, be- Discrepancy. Dissonance, dis-
liever, pupil, learner, scholar, cord, discordance, difference,
supporter, adherent, votary. variation, disagreement.
ANT. Master, teacher, pro- ANT. Agreement, harmony,
fessor, leader, rabbi. correspondence.
Discipline. Training, teaching, Discrimination. Acuteness, pen-
drill, exercise;control, regula- etration, sagacity, discernment,
tion, subjection, government; shrewdness, insight.
punishment, correction, coer- ANT. Dulness, shortsighted-
cion, chastisement. ness.
ANT. Laxity, latitude, negli- Discursive. Reasoning, argu-
gence; reward, encouragement; mentative; roving, wandering,
disorganization, mutiny, rebel- rambling, desultory, inconse-
lion, confusion, disorder. quent.
Discomfit. Defeat, overpower, ANT. Orderly, coherent, con-
conquer; foil, disconcert. tinuous; condensed, succinct,
ANT. Encourage, rally, aid, concise; strategic,
assist. Discuss. Debate, argue, reason,
Disconcert. Frustrate, balk, de- agitate, deliberate upon, con-
feat, thwart, baffle ; discompose, sider.

[ 83 ]
dis] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dis

ANT. Confound, obscure; as- allotment, distribution; admin-

sert, dogmatize. istration ;
exemption system,
;

Disdain, n. Contempt, scorn, dis- scheme, plan, regime.

regard, haughtiness, arrogance. ANT. Retention, restriction,
ANT. Reverence, respect, es- reservation, injunction, prohi-
teem,, considerateness, humil- bition; enforcement.
ity. Disperse. Dispel, scatter, sepa-
Disease. Infirmity, ailment, dis- rate; diffuse, spread, dissemi-
temper, complaint, illness, sick- nate.
ness, malady, indisposition, un- ANT. Gather, collect, con-
soundness, affection. centrate; recall, summon.
ANT. Health, strength, ro- Display. Expand, unfold, ex-
bustness, soundness, sturdiness, tend, uncover, open, spread; ex-
vigor; convalescence; sanity, hibit, show, parade.
salubrity. ANT. Conceal, hide, wrap,
Disgust, n. Distaste, loathing, dissemble, suppress.
dislike, repugnance, aversion, Disposition. Arrangement, lo-
abhorrence. cation, placing, grouping; man-
ANT. Partiality, desire, lik- agement, control, regulation,
ing, relish, fondness. direction; tendency, inclina-
Dismal. Dark, gloomy, cheer- tion, propensity; temper, char-
less, dull, dreary, melancholy, acter, nature, humor; willing-
lonesome, somber, sad, doleful, ness; distribution.
funereal ; horrible, terrible, ANT. Confusion, inversion,
frightful. disorder; mismanagement, lax-
ANT. Cheerful., bright, in- ity; antipathy, repulsion; ob-
viting, cordial, gay, propitious, stinacy; mood; agglomeration,
promising. collection.
Dismay. Affright, terrify, ap- Disputant. Litigant, debater,
pal, alarm, intimidate, daunt. arguer, controversialist, com-
ANT. Rally, inspirit, assure, petitor, claimant.
encourage, hearten. ANT. Advocate, auxiliary,
Dismember. Disintegrate, mu- partner.
tilate, separate, rend asunder, Dispute, v. Quarrel, wrangle;
sever. debate, argue, discuss, agitate,
ANT. Integrate, incorpo- ventilate; impugn, deny, con-
rate; constitute, construct. tradict, oppose, contest.
Dismiss. Banish, discard, dis- ANT. Allow, concede, grant,
charge, remove. forego, relinquish.
ANT. Recall, welcome. Disquisition. Treatise, disser-
Disparage. Depreciate, decry, tation, discourse, essay, discus-
undervalue, underrate ; defame, sion.
reproach. ANT. Effusion, tirade, dia-
ANT. Appreciate, overesti- tribe, rhodomontade.
mate, extol, praise, exaggerate. Dissect. Anatomize, scrutinize,
Dispel. Drive away, disperse, analyze, explore, investigate,
dissipate, banish, scatter. examine, sift.
ANT. Collect, summon, ac- ANT. Integrate, organize,
cumulate. compound, grasp; comprehend*
Dispensation. Apportionment, discern, diagnose.
I 84 1
dis] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dla

Dissemble. Conceal, disguise, Distinguished. Illustrious, fa-

cloak, hide, restrain, smother.
ANT. Reveal, confess, mani-
fest, expose, vaunt, profess.
Dissent. Differ, disagree, de-
cline.
ANT.Assent, consent, agree.
Dissertation. Disquisition, dis-
cussion, treatise.
Dissipate. Scatter, vanish, dis-
perse, disappear, waste, squan-
der.
AST. Hoard, save, gather,
conserve.
Dissociate. Separate, sever, dis-
join, divide, part, sunder, dis-
connect.
ANT. Associate, join, affiliate.
Dissolute. Abandoned, corrupt,
loose, profligate, reprobate, dis-
sipated.
ANT. Upright, honest, con-
scientious, self-controlled.
Distance. Remoteness, space,
interval; absence, separation;
mous, celebrated, noted, emi-
nent, marked, conspicuous, su-
preme, extraordinary, consum-
mate.
ANT. Obscure, inconspicu-
ous, hidden; infamous, notori-
ous.
Distortion. Deformity, twist,
perversion, falsification, mis-
representation, sophistry, cor-
ruption.
ANT. Regularity, shapeli-
ness, symmetry; right, truth,
verification, rectification.
Distract. Divert, perplex, con-
fuse, disconcert, bewilder, con-
found, derange, craze.
ANT. Unite, fix, compose,
concentrate, collect.
Distraction. Confusion, perplex-
ity, abstraction, disturbance,
perturbation, agitation ; inat-
tention; absence, frenzy, mad-
ness alienation, aberration ;
;

reserve, coldness, stiffness. delirium, mania, derangement,

ANT. Proximity, contiguity, lunacy.
nearness, presence, neighbor- ANT. Attention, composure,
hood, contact. self-possession, tranquillity.
Distend. Dilate, extend, spread, Distress, n. Affliction, calamity,
stretch. adversity, misery, perplexity,
ANT. Contract, narrow, con- misfortune; agony, suffering,
strict, condense. anguish privation, destitution,
;

Distil. Drop, extract, separate; poverty, indigence.

percolate, emanate, drip.
ANT. Condense, retain; suck;
hold.
Distinct. Separate, definite, dif-
ferent, clear, plain, unmistak-
able.
ANT. Blurred, dim, indefi-
nite, confused, conjoined, ob-
scure.
Distinguish. Discern, perceive,
tell, discriminate; differenti-
ate; characterize, mark; sepa-
rate, divide; signalize, make
famous or celebrated.
ANT. Confound, miss, con-
fuse.
ANT. Consolation, relief, as-
suagement, alleviation; boon,
blessing, pleasure.
Distribute. Dispense, scatter,
allot, apportion, grant, appoint.
ANT. Restrict, retain, col-
lect,gather, hold, reserve, keep.
District. Region, tract, terri-
tory, province, circuit, quarter.
Disturb. Agitate, shake, stir,
disorder, confuse, derange; mo-
lest, annoy, plague, trouble,
vex, worry; interrupt, hinder.
ANT. Soothe, quiet, assist,
compose, pacify; arrange, or'
der.
div] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dor

Diversion. Detour, deviation, ANT. Obstinate, firm, inflex-

divergence; recreation, amuse- stubborn, self-willed, wil-
ible,
ment, enjoyment, pastime. ful, determined, dogged, reso-
ANT. Directness, business, lute, opinionated.
procedure, continuity, task, la- Doctrine. Tenet, dogma, opin-
bor. ion, belief, precept, principle,
Diversify. Vary, change, alter, teaching, creed.
modify; variegate, streak, spot. ANT. Duty, practice, action,
ANT. Settle, fix, stereotype, conduct, operations application.
arrest. Dogmatic. Arrogant, authorita-
Diversity. Difference, dissimili- tive, imperious, domineering,
tude, variation, unlikeness, di- positive, self-opinionated, doc-
vergence, dissonance, heteroge- trinal, magisterial, dictatorial.
neousness, multiformity. ANT. Practical, active, mod-
ANT. Identity, similarity, est, diffident, vacillating, con-
uniformity, consonance, homo- siderate.
geneousness, coincidence. Domestic. Private, family, fa-
Divest. Dismantle, strip, un- miliar, homelike.
clothe, undress, unrobe, deprive. ANT. Public, foreign, alien,
ANT. Clothe, invest, shroud, strange.
indue, encumber. Domicile. Home, abode, house,
Divide. Sever, part, separate, residence, mansion, dwelling.
disunite, sunder; alienate, es- ANT. World, wilderness; es-
trange; distribute, allot, ap- trangement, migration, travel,
portion, assign, share, dispense. exile.
ANT. Unite, commingle, col- Dominance, Domination. Su-
locate, congregate, convene. periority, lordship, mastery,
Divination. Magic, foretelling, sway, supremacy, command, as-
augury, prophecy, presage, pre- cendancy, government.
diction. ANT. Servility, subjection,
ANT. Investigation, study; inferiority, weakness, minority,
information ; analysis. subordination.
Divorce, v. Separate, part, sun- Domineer. Lord, tyrannize, dic-
der, alienate, disunite. tate, bully, swagger.
ANT. Marry, wed, betroth, ANT. Submit, yield, bow, de-
consort. fer, patronize, succumb; resist,
Do. Accomplish, achieve, bring contend.
to pass, complete, effect, realize, Dominion. Government, domi-
discharge, perpetuate, perform, nation, supremacy, sway, dom-
commit, consummate, actual- inance, control, authority, do-
ize ; execute, finish, fulfil ; work main, territory, sovereignty.
out, transact. ANT. Submission, subjuga-
ANT. Neglect, ruin, spoil, tion, servitude.
defeat, destroy, mar, miscarry, Doom, n. Condemnation, fate,
fail, frustrate, baffle, omit, come sentence, judgment, destiny,
short. verdict.
Docile. Manageable, amenable, ANT. Liberation, respite, es-
compliant, gentle, tame, sub- cape, acquittal, discharge.
missive, yielding, tractable, pli- Dormant. Sleeping, latent, in-
able, obedient. ert, quiescent.

[ 86 ]
dou] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [dul

ANT. Active, operative, vigi- tion, scope, tendency, design;

lant, awake, alert. rush, impulse, current; heap,
Doubt, n.Distrust, skepticism, mass.
disbelief, suspicion, suspense, ANT. Aimlessness, vague-
hesitation, incredulity, irreso- ness, aberrancy, indefiniteness.
lution, misgiving, unbelief, per- Drink. Swallow, imbibe, quaff,
plexity, uncertainty. drain, absorb, suck in.
ANT. Conviction, certainty, ANT. Pour, exude, disgorge,
assurance; belief, confidence; water, moisten.
determination, resolution, re- Drive. Impel, propel, compel,
solve. push, thrust, urge; repulse, re-
Downwards. Below, beneath, pel, resist; ride.
down. ANT. Draw, attract, invite,
ANT. Upwards, above, aloft. summon.
Drag. Draw, pull, haul, bring. Droll. Whimsical, comical, ludi-
ANT. Carry, push, propel, crous, funny, ridiculous, odd,
raise. queer, facetious.
Drain. Empty, exhaust, draw, ANT. Sober, solemn, tragic,
strain, dry. funereal.
ANT. Fill, supply, replenish, Droop. Languish, sink, decline,
moisten, drench. flag, pine, wither, fade, writ.
Draw. Haul, lead, pull, drag, ANT. Prosper, revive, rally,
lure, entice, attract, incline, in- flourish, raise, luxuriate.
duce. Drown. Sink, immerse, swamp,
ANT. Repel, repulse, rebuff, overwhelm, overflow, inundate,
alienate, estrange, reject. deluge, flood, overcome, over-
Dread, n. Fear, terror, awe, ap- power.
prehension, horror, alarm. ANT. Dry, drain, air, venti-
ANT. Confidence, courage; late, expose.
familiarity. Dry. Arid, parched; thirsty,
Dream. Reverie, fancy, vision, craving drink; barren, meager,
delusion, conceit, hallucination, dull, dreary, tedious, plain ; se-
romance, trance, vagary. vere, sarcastic, sharp, keen.
ANT. Fact, reality, realiza- ANT. Moist, fresh, juicy;
tion, verity, certainty, sub- lively, entertaining; fulsome,
stance. florid.
Dreary. Dismal, gloomy, dark, Due. Proper, fitting, suitable,
lonesome, solitary, cheerless. appropriate, becoming; owing,
ANT. Cheerful, bright, prom- obligatory.
ising, inviting. ANT. Improper, unsuitable,
Dress. Clothing, garments, ap- independent; unfair, extrava-
parel, garb, array, uniform, at- gant, deficient.
tire, costume, raiment, habili- Dull. Heavy, stupid, unintelli-
ments, vesture, robes, habit, gent, apathetic, insensible, cal-
vestments. lous, dead; inert, lifeless, in-
ANT. Nakedness, disarray, active, slow, torpid; blunt, ob-
nudity, bareness, deshabille, ex- tuse ; gloomy, sad, dismal ; dim,
posure, undress. obscure; wearisome, dreary, te-
Drift, n. Direction, bearing, dious.
course; aim, purpose, inten- ANT. Bright, light, tpark-
L 87 ]
duzu] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ling, brilliant, quick, interest-
ing, lively, keen, witty, cheery,
inviting, entertaining.
Dumb. Speechless, mute, silent,
still, inarticulate.
ANT. Talkative, chatty, lo-
quacious.
Duplicate. Copy, counterpart,
facsimile, imitation, likeness,
replica, reproduction, double,
transcript.
ANT. Original, pattern, pro-
totype, archetype, model,
Duplicity. Deceit, deception,
circumvention, guile, artifice,
hypocrisy, fraud, dishonesty.
ANT. Candor, straightfor-
Eager. Impatient, anxious, de-
sirous, longing, yearning, ar-
dent, enthusiastic, earnest, ani-
mated, fervent, impetuous, ve-
hement.
ANT. Torpid, sluggish, slow, Ebb.
backward, belated, late, tardy.
Earn. Acquire, merit, win, get,
gain, procure, deserve, achieve,
obtain, realize.
ANT. Waste, lose, spend, for-
feit,squander.
Earnest. Eager, zealous, fer-
vent; steady, intent, fixed; sin-
cere, serious, true; important,
momentous.
ANT. Indifferent, irresolute,
sportive, jesting, flippant.
Ease. Facility, knack, readiness,
expertness, easiness, satisfac-
tion, contentment, comfort, re-
pose, refreshment, relief.
ANT. Perplexity, irritation,
annoyance, constraint, disquiet,
trouble, vexation, difficulty, un-
easiness, awkwardness, worry.
Easy. Quiet, comfortable, tran-
quil, compliant, facile, compla-
cent, submissive ; unaffected,
[ 88
[eel
wardness, frankness, sincerity,
honesty.
Duration. Continuance, term,
period, protraction, prolonga-
tion ( in time ).
ANT. Brevity, momentari-
ness; infinity, eternity.
Duty. Office, responsibility, ob-
ligation, function, business, ac-
countability, right, righteous-
ness.
ANT. Immunity, freedom, li-
cense, exemption, dispensation.
Dwell. Live, reside, rest, stop,
stay, abide, lodge, sojourn.
ANT. Visit, migrate, liasten,
flit, roam, depart, travel.
natural, smooth; moderate, af-
fluent.
ANT. Disturbed, uncomfort-
able, hard, difficult, anxious, ea-
acting.
Retire, recede, abate, de-
crease, subside, wane, sink.
ANT. Flow, swell, increase,
flood, inundate, deluge.
Eccentric. Irregular, abnormal,
uncommon, peculiar, singular,
wayward, strange, aberrant, er-
ratic, whimsical.
ANT. Normal, conventional,
common, usual, regular, cus-
tomary.
Echo. Resonance, repetition, re-
verberation, imitation, answer.
ANT. Sound, voice, original,
tone, noise, speech.
Eclipse, n. Obscuration, dim-
ming, obscurity, hiding, shroud-
ing, concealment, vanishing, ex-
tinction, obliteration, annihila-
tion, destruction.
ANT. Illumination, enlight-
enment, revelation; perpetua-
tion; radiation; unveiling, dia-
oovery.
eco] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Economics. Science of wealth,
public or economy;
political
household management, house-
hold economy, housewifery.
Economize. Save, husband,
trench, manage frugally, be fru-
gal or prudent, practice econ-
omy, avoid waste; develop
sources, utilize.
ANT. Waste, misuse, sacri-
fice, be lavish, profuse, or ea>-
travagant; squander, dissi-
pate.
Economy. Thrift, thriftiness,
frugality, providence, good hus-
bandry; management, arrange-
ment, regulation, administra-
tion; plan, system, established
order, dispensation.
ANT. Prodigality, wasteful-
ness, extravagance, lavishness.
Ecstasy. Transport, rapture, in-
spiration, fervor, frenzy, emo-
tion, delight, enthusiasm, hap-
piness.
ANT. Coolness, dulness, en-
nui, weariness, tedium, indif-
ference.
Edge. Border, margin, brink,
rim, brim, verge; sharpness,
keenness, intensity, animation,
zest.
ANT. Center, interior; dul-
ness, bluntness, flatness; inert-
ness, inactivity.
Edible. Eatable, esculent, whole-
some, culinary.
ANT. Poisonous, deleterious,
harmful, dangerous, noxious,
uneatable.
Edict. Decree, command, order,
proclamation, mandate, ordi-
nance.
ANT. Hoax, eanard; request,
wish.
Edifice. Building, tenement, fab-
ric, structure.
ANT. Ruin, heap, demoli-
tion, destruction.
"Edify. Build up, enlighten, im-
let
prove, stimulate, strengthen,
nurture.
ANT. Defile, debase, mislead,
misguide, pervert, corrupt.
re- Edit. Revise, correct, prepare
for the press, annotate, emend;
bring out; conduct, manage.
re- ANT. Distort, pervert, fal-
sify, garble, mutilate.
Educate. Discipline, teach, in-
struct, train, nurture, breed, de-
velop.
ANT. Dwarf, stunt, hinder ;
pervert, corrupt.
Education. Training, teaching,
tuition, instruction, schooling,
discipline, cultivation, breed-
ing, development, nurture, in-
formation, knowledge, learning,
reading, study.
ANT. Ignorance, illiteracy,
nescience, blindness, darkness.
Educe. Draw out, extract, elicit,
evolve, produce.
ANT. Adduce, cite, allege,
quote, advance, name, mention;
apply, insert, deposit, bestow.
Efface. Obliterate, erase, blot
out, destroy, cancel, eradicate,
expunge.
ANT. Restore, revive, delin-
eate, imprint, portray, replace,
reinstate, renew.
Effect, n. Result, consequence,
event, issue; force, efficiency,
validity, weight, power; pur-
port, drift, tenor, meaning;
truth ; impression,
fact, reality,
appearance, ensemble; (pi.)
chattels, goods, commodities,
property, movables.
ANT. Cause, motive, source^
incentive; origin.
Effect, v. Cause, produce, acconv
plish, change, achieve, create,
execute, perform, realize, com-
pass, effectuate, consummate,
fulfil.
ANT. Obviate, frustrate,
vent, mar, hinder; deter,
5 S9
eff] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Effective. Adequate, competent, ANT. Weakness, inability,
effectual, sufficient; potent, co- incompetence, unproductivity ;
gent, efficacious, forcible, ener- inattention, awkwardness, ab-
getic, powerful ; active, efficient, sence of mind, thoughtlessness,
operative; conducive; service- preoccupation, distraction, lazi-
able, able, talented. ness, stupidity.
ANT. Weak, futile, nuga- Efficient. Operative, active, po-
tory, inconducive, inoperative, tent, efficacious, effective, effec-
inadequate, impotent, incompe- tual; able, skilled, ready, ener-
tent, powerless. getic, proficient, competent.
Effectuate. Accomplish, effect, ANT. Inactive, impotent, in-
execute, achieve, secure, fulfil. effective, abortive; dull, inert,
ANT. Prevent, hinder, abol- indolent, sluggish, senseless,
ish, defeat, nullify, stifle, blight. stupid.
Effeminate. Feminine, womanly, Effigy. Image, representation,
delicate; womanish, feeble, un- figure, statue, likeness ; dummy.
manly, timorous, enervated, ANT. Caricature, misrepre-
soft, weak, emasculated. sentation, distortion; bust, por-
ANT. Strong, manly, mascu- trait.
line, virile, manlike, vigorous, Efflorescence. Flowering, bloom-
hardy, robust. ing, blossoming, budding; out-
Effervesce. Boil, bubble, froth, burst; bloom, luxuriance.
foam, ferment, sparkle; express ANT. Deflorescence, fading,
irrepressible emotion. waning, blasting, withering;
ANT. Subside; acquiesce, re- nudity, bareness, denudation;
frain, bear, brook, digest. absorption, desiccation.
Effete. Barren, unfruitful; de- Effluence. Emanation, flow, ef-
cayed, spent, exhausted, worn, fusion, efflux; issue, outpour-
wasted, decrepit. ing; emission, discharge; abun-
ANT. Vigorous, fertile, pro- dance, overflow.
lific, productive, exuberant, lux- ANT. Influx, infusion, reflu-
uriant, rank. ence, ebb; exhaustion; absorp-
Efficacious. Effectual, effective, tion, retention.
active, operative, powerful, ade- Effluvium. Exhalation, emana-
quate, cogent. tion, malaria, miasma, stink,
ANT. Insufficient, inade- noxious vapor.
quate, ineffectual. ANT. Ventilation, scent, dis-
Efficacy. Power, potency, force, infectant; zephyr, aroma, balm.
competency, strength, effective- Effort. Endeavor, attempt, trial,
ness, vigor, energy, usefulness. exertion, struggle, essay, strain,
ANT. Inefficacy, incompe- striving, stretch.
tency. ANT. Failure, frustration,
Efficiency. Power, strength, ca- futility,weakness, deficiency,
pabilty, virtue, energy, useful- misadventure; ease, inactivity,
ness, productiveness, effective- spontaneity, facility.
ness ; attentiveness, aptitude, Effrontery. Assurance, impu-
skill, ingenuity, competence, in- dence, audacity, shamelessness,
ventiveness, readiness, ingeni- presumption, hardihood, bold-
1

ousness, faculty, cleverness, ge- ness brass; insolence, sauci-

,

nius, acuteness.
[ 00
eff] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Modesty, coyness, shy- proach, inlet; inroad, incur-
ness, diffidence, sensitiveness, sion, invasion.
shrinking, timidity, bashful- Either. One or the other of
ness. two; each, both.
Effulgence. Brilliancy, splen- ANT. Neither, not any one
dor, luster, brightness, radiance, of two.
refulgence, glory, flame, lumi- Ejaculation. Exclamation, cry,
nosity, resplendence. utterance; expletive.
ANT. Darkness, tencbrosity, ANT. Silence, speechlessness,
obscuration, gloom, opaqueness, dumfounderment ; drawl; ora-
shade. tion, speech.
Effuse, a. Profuse, poured forth Eject. Cast out, emit, vomit,
freely, lavish, prodigal, copious, void, evacuate; expel, dismiss,
abundant, effluent. discharge, oust; reject, banish,
ANT. Dry, scanty, sparing, throw aside, cast away.
meager, thin. ANT. Retain, absorb; ac-
Effusion. Outpouring, effluence, cept, receive, house, store, ad-
discharge, emission; abun- mit, accommodate, welcome; in-
dance; speech, address, ora- troduce, inject.
tion; waste, shedding, spilling. Eke out. Add to, supply, in-
ANT. Infusion, absorption; crease, stretch, raise, augment,,
essay, reading, document, in- help.
strument; influx; retention. ANT. Stint, drain, withhold,
Effusive. Lavish, generous, pro- diminish, exhaust.
fuse, prodigal, gushing; spread Elaborate. Improve, refine, de-
widely, diffused. velop, mature, execute, forge,
ANT. Sparing; taciturn, la- prepare, concoct, work upon, la-
conic, curt, brief. bor over.
Egoism. Selfishness, self-assur- ANT. Slight, neglect, disre-
ance, self-conceit, self -con- gard, overlook ; miscontrive,
sciousness, self-confidence, self- mismanage; chance, hit, guess,
esteem, conceit, vanity, self-as- conjecture, extemporize.
sertion, self-praise, self-admira- Elapse. Pass, slip, glide away,
tion, self-love, self-exaltation. lapse; intervene.
ANT. Self-abnegation, def- ANT. Wait, abide, halt, hold;
erence, self-forgetfulness, diffi- continue, endure; grasp, seize.
dence, bashfulness, humility, Elastic. Flexible, springy, resil-
modesty, self-distrust, shyness, ient, extensile, ductile, buoy-
unobtrusiveness, considerate- ant; alterable, modifiable; re-
ness, unostentatiousness. bounding, recoiling.
Egregious. Surpassing, ex- ANT. Rigid, tough, inflex-
traordinary, remarkable, enor- ible; crystallized, unchange-
mous, monstrous, outrageous, able; dull, inert.
tremendous, prodigious, pecul- Elated. Cheered, excited, exhil-
iar; flagrant, gross. arated, animated, flushed, in-
ANT. Ordinary, usual, com- spirited, inflated.
monplace, mediocre, everyday. ANT. 'Depressed, dejected,
Egress. Exit, way out, depart- discouraged, dispirited, humil-
ure, going out, outlet; sally. iated, abashed, confounded.
ANT. Entrance, avenue, ap- Elder. Senior, older, more an-
 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ell

eient, earlier born; superior; funeral song; serious or mel-

precedent. ancholy poem.
ANT. Younger, junior, ju- ANT. Pcean, jubilee, halle-
venile. luiah, anthem.
"Elect, o. Picked, selected, cho- Element. Constituent, compo-
sen, choice; appointed, dele- nent, ingredient, part, prin-
gated; redeemed, saved; elite, ciple, atom; (pi.) rudiments,
accepted. outlines, essential parts.
ANT. Rejected, doomed, rep- ANT. Whole, mass, aggre-
robate; abandoned, depraved. gate, total, totality, gross, sum,
.Election. Selection, preference, amount.
choice; appointment by vote; Elementary. Simple, uncom-
alternative, free will, freedom, pounded, rudimentary, pri-
power to choose; discrimina- mary; physical, material, natu-
tion, discernment, distinction; ral; ultimate, component, con-
predestination. stituent.
ANT. Postponement; rejec- ANT. Compounded, collec-
tion, reprobation, abandonment. tive, aggregate, developed, or-
Electric. Charged with electric- ganized; immaterial, incorpo-
ity, relating to electricity; in- real, impalpable.
spiring, inspiriting, stimulat- Elevate. Raise, lift up, exalt,
ing; lightninglike, swift, flash- promote, advance, aggrandize;
ing, thrilling, stirring, exciting. improve, dignify, ennoble, re-
Electrify. Charge with electric- fine, inspire, greaten; animate,
ity, render electric; rouse, ex- elate, cheer, excite, exhilarate.
cite, thrill, stir, astonish, as- ANT. Lower, degrade, de-
tound, amaze, appal. base, depress, demean, humble,
ANT. "Kill" (of something humiliate.
charged, from which the elec- Elevation. Raising, elevating;
tricity is suddenly removed) ; promotion, aggrandizement, ex-
disconnect, sever (of apparatus altation ; dignity, refinement,
for carrying electricity) ; stu- improvement ;
amelioration ;

pefy, soothe, deaden, calm, mes- hill, height, altitude, superior-

merize. ity, eminence, loftiness, tall-
Elegance. Grace, beauty, pro- ness.
priety, symmetry; polish, po- ANT. Degradation, debase-
liteness, refinement, gentility, ment, depression, decline, fall,
gracefulness, taste. depth; deterioration, inferior-
ANT. Deformity, awkward- ity; shortness, stuntedness.
ness, coarseness, rudeness, dis- Elicit. Draw out, evoke, educe,
proportion. call forth, bring out, deduce,
Elegant. Graceful, well-formed, bring to light ; express, extract,
symmetrical, lovely, handsome, evolve, worm
out, extort.
comely, refined, tasteful, orna- ANT. Insert, implant, intro-
mental, accomplished, polished. duce, inoculate, inject, infuse,
ANT. Awkward, deformed, instill, incorporate, insinuate;
ill-proportioned, misshapen, un- suggest.
graceful, hideous, coarse, rude. Eligible. Desirable, preferable,
Elegy. Dirge, threnody, lament, worthy of choice, qualified, ca-
jeremiad, requiem, coronach, pable, suitable, prime, choice.
eli] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [em*

ANT. Worthless, ordinary, ANT. Mystification, confu-

indifferent, unprofitable, unde-
sirable.
Elimination. Expulsion, exclu-
sion, discharge, removal, rejec-
tion, eradication, erasure, rid-
dance, obliteration.
ANT. Inclusion, retention;
approval; preservation, conser-
vation.
Elision. Omission, ejection, el-
lipsis, abridgment, excerp-
tion.
ANT. Insertion, inoculation,
introduction, implantation; in-
clusion; augmentation.
Elliptical. Contracted, abbrevi-
ated; suggestive, latent, allu-
sive; significant, pregnant; de-
fective, incomplete.
ANT.Explanatory, categori-
cal, expository, declara-
full;
tory, enunciative.
Elocution. Speech, power of ex-
pression, utterance, delivery,
declamatory art; eloquence, or-
atory.
ANT. Reading, lection.
Elongation. Protraction, exten-
sion, production, drawing out,
continuation; withdrawal, dis-
tance.
ANT.Apocope, elision, cur-
tailment, abridgment, contrac-
tion.
Eloquence. Oratory, graceful
utterance, appropriate expres-
sion, impassioned speech.
ANT. Verbosity, wordiness,
prolixity, tediousness; grand-
iloquence, bombast, fustian.
Elucidate. Explain, illustrate,
clear, make
manifest, unfold,
make plain, expound.
ANT. Confuse, mystify, ob-
scure, puzzle, bewilder, befog.
Elucidation. Explanation, ex-
position, illustration,
stration; comment, annotation,
commentary, gloss, scholium.
sion; obscurity, ambiguity.
Elude. Escape, avoid, shun, slip
away; baffle, foil, thwart, dis-
appoint, disconcert, balk, frus-
trate, evade, mock.
ANT. Meet, encounter, con-
front ; dare, defy; court, invite*
challenge.
Elusive, Elusory. Evasive, de-
lusive, equivocating, deceptive,,
fraudulent, fallacious, deceit-
ful, illusory ; shuffling, shif ting,
slippery, fugitive ; shadowy, un-
substantial, intangible.
ANT. Persistent, staple, cer-
tain, solid; true, sure, unequiv-
ocal.
Em-, or en-. A
prefix meaning-
in or sometimes inter-
into,
changeable with in-. The form
em- is used before words begin-
ning with p, b, or m. The pre-
fix has also a causal force.
Words beginning with this pre-
fix, whose original meaning is
simply the meaning of the root
word plus that of the prefix,
are omitted here, for their syn-
onyms and antonyms may be
readily formed from those of
the root word.
Emaciation. Leanness, lank-
ness, thinness, tenuity, attenu-
ation, wasting, gauntness, skin-
niness, meagerness.
ANT. Obesity, fatness, cor-
pulence.
Emanate. Flow forth continu-
ously, issue, arise, spring, pro-
ceed, emerge.
ANT. End, terminate, culmi-
nate, eventuate, cease; dry up.
Emancipate. Free, enfranchise,,
liberate, rescue, release, manu-
mit, unfetter, unchain, disen-
thrall, set free.
demon- ANT. Subjugate, enslave, en-
thrall, bind; disqualify, inca-
pacitate.
emb] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [erne

Embalm. Preserve, cherish, en- Embody. Incorporate, make cor-

shrine, keep; scent, perfume, poreal, concentrate, compact,
make fragrant; treasure, store, integrate, combine, collect; syS'
consecrate. tematize, codify; comprehend^
ANT. Abandon, desecrate, ex- include, embrace, comprise, con-
pose, vulgarize, violate, profane. tain.
Embargo. Prohibition, ban, re- ANT. Analyze, dismember,
straint, hindrance, restriction; disband, disintegrate, dissipate.
detention, stoppage. Embolden. Encourage, animate,
ANT. Permit, permission, re- reassure, inspirit, incite, urge,
lease, discharge, cong6, libera- stimulate.
tion, dismissal. ANT. Intimidate, frighten,
Embark. Ship; engage, enlist, alarm, deter, overwhelm, dis-
put in, invest; launch, enter, courage.
start. Embosomed. Concealed, envel-
ANT. Land, arrive, anchor, oped, surrounded, encircled, en-
disembark, go ashore. folded.
Embarrass. Entangle, perplex, ANT. Exposed, open, uncon-
make intricate or difficult; dis- cealed, revealed.
tress, trouble, harass, hamper, Embrace. Clasp, hug, press;
confuse, disconcert, clog, puzzle, seize, welcome, accept; compre-
abash, confound, encumber. hend, include, cover, contain,
ANT. Extricate, relieve, dis- embody, take in.
entangle, liberate, deliver; ex- ANT. Cast off, reject; ex-
pedite, facilitate, accelerate, as- clude, except.
sist; calm, compose, tranquil- Embroider. Embellish, enrich,
ize. emboss, adorn with needlework.
Embellish.. Adorn, decorate, or- ANT. Darn, botch, patch,
nament, deck, beautify. repair.
ANT. Detract, diminish, der- Embroil. Implicate, entangle,
ogate from, strip, destroy, de- ensnarl, involve; disturb, per-
nude. plex, confuse, distract, trouble.
Embezzle. Appropriate, steal, ANT. Extricate, separate, re-
purloin, peculate ; falsify, forge, move; compose, pacify, arrange,
counterfeit. calm.
ANT. Square, clear, balance; Embryo. Germ, rudiment, nu-
restore, refund, retrieve. cleus, origin.
Embitter. Make bitter, aggra- ANT. Development, comple-
vate, exacerbate, exasperate, en- tion, maturity, fulfilment.
rage, anger, madden; molest, Emendation. Amendment, cor-
provoke, excite. rection, rectification, reforma-
ANT. Alleviate, soothe; com- tion, improvement.
pose, quiet, pacify; sweeten; de- ANT. Error, defect, fault, in-
light, please, comfort. correctness, inaccuracy.
Emblem. Figure, image, sign, Emerge. Eise, issue, emanate,
symbol, token, type, attribute; escape; appear, become visible.
device, cognizance, representa- ANT. Disappear, sink; re-
tion; badge, mark, signal. treat, abscond, recede; enter;
ANT. Disguise, decoy, incog- depart.
nito, ruse, blind, domino, mask. Emergency. Exigency, urgency,
[ 94 ]
cmi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
necessity, crisis, difficulty, ex-
tremity, strait; juncture, turn
of events ; unforeseen occasion ;
embarrassment, difficulty, casu-
alty.
ANT. Rescue, deliverance,
lution, provision, arrangement,
anticipation, foresight, climax.
Emigration. Removal, exodus,
migration from, colonization;
departure.
ANT. Immigration, migra-
tion to or into; settlement, so-
journ, abode, stay; domicilia-
tion, domestication.
Eminence. Prominence, projec-
tion, elevation, protuberance,
hill, highpoint; distinction,
celebrity, reputation, renown,
repute, fame, preferment; note,
conspicuousness; superiority.
ANT. Debasement, degrada-
tion, lowliness, decline; infamy,
disgrace, shame, obloquy, op-
probrium, scandal.
Eminent. High, lofty, elevated;
celebrated, distinguished, prom-
inent, remarkable,
illustrious,
renowned, conspicuous, famous,
reputed.
ANT. Mediocre, worthless;
infamous, notorious; egregious,
outrageous.
Emission. Ejection, expulsion,
issue; issuance, putting into
circulation.
ANT. Injection, admission,
entrance.
Emit. Eject, expel, throw out;
issue, decree, discharge; put
into circulation.
ANT. Inject; retain, with-
hold.
Emollient. Softening, laxative,
balsamic, soothing, palliative.
ANT. Irritant, astringent, ir-
ritating, galling.
Emolument. Gain, pay, profit,
remuneration, wap-es, salary, in-
come, hire, stipend, lucre, com-
[emp
pensation; advantage, benefit;
gratuity, perquisite.
ANT. Loss, damage, waste;
disadvantage.
Emotion. Feeling, passion, ex-
so- citement, agitation, sensibility,
perturbation, tremor, trepida-
tion.
ANT. Indifference, insensibil-
ity,impassiveness, stoicism, im-
perturbability.
Emphasis. Stress, force, ictus;
weight, significance, impressive-
ness.
ANT. Elision, monotony, uni-
formity.
Emphatic. Significant, expres-
sive, strong, forcible, positive,
energetic, decided, distinct, un-
equivocal, earnest, important,
special.
ANT. Mild, ordinary, usual,
unimportant, commonplace, un-
noticeable, cool, unimpassioned,
undemons tra tive.
Empire. Dominion, supremacy,,
sovereignty, authority, govern-
ment, command, control, sway,
rule, kingdom.
ANT. Independence, insur-
rection, anarchy, mutiny, sedi-
tion, uprising.
Empiric, Empirical. Tentative,
experimental, provisional, hy-
pothetic, experiential ; quack-
ish.
ANT. Regular, scientific, uni-
form, constant, inductive, cate-
gorical.
Employ. Engage, call, hire, use,
engross, busy, exercise; apply,
enlist, entrust, occupy, econo-
mize.
ANT. Discard, dismiss, mis-
use.
Employment. Business, voca-
tion, pursuit, calling, profes-
sion, craft, trade, occupation;
service, agency, office, employ;
application, engrossment.
[ 95 ]
emp] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Leisure, laziness, indo-
lence; recreation, vacation.
Empower. Commission, author-
ize,warrant, qualify; enable,
encourage ; delegate, sanction,
direct.
ANT. Hinder, prevent, dis-
courage, disqualify, disable; re-
call,revoke, withdraw.
2mpty, a. Void, without con-
tents, vacant, unoccupied; des-
titute, devoid; unsup plied,
unfurnished, unfilled; unsatis-
factory, vain, hollow, unsubstan-
tial; desolate, waste, deserted,
uninhabited ; senseless, weak,
frivolous; clear, unencumbered,
unobstructed, vacuous, unten-
anted, evacuated; silly, idle,
deficient.
ANT. Full, occupied, inhab-
ited, colonized, obstructed, en-
cumbered; cultivated, informed,
well-instructed, sensible, experi-
enced; significant, important,
forcible, substantial.
Emulation. Rivalry, desire to ex-
cel,exceed, or surpass, competi-
tion; jealousy, envy, conten-
tion; vying, aspiration, contest.
ANT. Stagnation, inactivity,
dulness; contempt, disregard,
disdain, disaffection; abandon-
ment, resignation, discourage-
ment.
Enable. Empower, strengthen,
qualify, make capable, capaci-
tate, invigorate.
ANT. Weaken, disqualify, in-
capacitate, disable, hinder.
Enact. Decree, establish by law,
ordain; play, personate, repre-
sent, act, feign, dissimulate;
pass.
ANT. Abolish, abrogate, an-
nul, cancel, repeal, rescind, ex-
punge.
Enamor. Charm, captivate, fas-
cinate, inflame with love, en-
slave, endear, bewitch, enchain.
[enc
ANT. Disenthrall, repel, es-
trange, disgust, disenchant, hor-
rify.
Encamp. Bivouac, pitch, settle,
quarter, camp.
ANT. March, decamp, retire,
retreat, advance, charge.
Enchain. Bind with chains, fet-
ter, manacle, enslave.
ANT. Loose, liberate, manu-
mit, extricate, free.
Enchant. Charm, fascinate, be-
witch, enamor, captivate, win,
catch, lead captive; enrapture,
ravish, transport, beatify, de-
light.
ANT. Repel, estrange, dis-
gust, horrify, shock, alienate.
Enchantment. Incantation, fas-
cination, charm, conjuration,
necromancy, magic, witchery,
sorcery, spell; delight, rapture,
ravishment, transport, bliss.
ANT. Disillusionment, repul-
sion, shock, alienation.
Encircle. Surround, encompass,
environ, gird, enclose embrace,
;
fold, clasp; hem in, beset, cir-
cumscribe.
Enclose. Encompass, encircle,
shut, include, environ, envelop,
wrap, circumscribe.
Enclosure. Space enclosed, com-
pass, circle; yard, compound;
fence, ring, limit, park, field,
boundary, precinct.
ANT. Space, waste, desert,
wild, open, prairie, wilderness,
stretch, void, clearing.
Encomium. Eulogy, praise, eu-
logium, panegyric, commenda-
tion, laudation, psean, compli-
ment, good word.
ANT. Invective, taunt, vitu-
peration, obloquy, vilification,
slander.
Encompass. Encircle, enclose,
gird, hem in, surround, circum-
scribe.
Encounter. Meet, confront, face.
enc] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [end

withstand; assault, combat, en- complete, conclude, stop, quit,

gage, fight, attack, contend, .desist,terminate, finish, ex-
compete with; fall upon. pire, wind up; destroy, kill,
ANT. Elude, avoid, escape, put to death.
shun, miss, flee, frustrate. ANT. Begin, commence, in-
Encourage. Inspirit, animate, itiate, start, open; restore, re-
embolden, hearten, incite, stim- vivify.
ulate cheer, comfort, console ;
; Endanger. Hazard, risk, peril;
support, countenance, reassure ; commit, compromise, expose to
advance, further; foster, abet, danger, jeopardize.
aid, help, patronize; prompt, ANT. Protect, shield, save,
urge. defend, cover, screen, preserve.
ANT. Deter, discourage, dis- Endear. Make dear, attach, se-
hearten, dissuade; depress, de- cure the affection of, gain ; con-
ject; provoke, incite, exasper- ciliate.
ate; retard, hinder, prevent. ANT. Estrange, alienate, em-
Encroach. Intrude, trespass, in- bitter, antagonize.
fringe, invade; creep, advance Endeavor, v. Attempt, essay,
stealthily; transgress. try, strive, undertake, make ef-
ANT. Respect, recognize, ob- fort, labor, aim, exert one's
serve; protect; refrain. self.
Encumber. Clog, load, impede, ANT. Neglect, omit, aban-
obstruct, hinder, burden, over- don, drop, dismiss, pass by, let
load; embarrass, perplex, in- go, give up, throw away, up,
volve, entangle, complicate. or over, overlook.
ANT. Free, liberate; assist, Endless. Interminable, bound-
aid, help ; relieve, straighten. less, limitless, infinite, immeas-
Encumbrance. Load, impedi- urable, illimitable; everlasting,
ment, hindrance; debt, claim, perpetual, eternal, unending,
liability. without end; incessant, cease-
ANT. A id, assistance; relief; less, uninterrupted, continual,
cancelation. continuous; immortal, death-
End, n. Limit, outcome, period, less, undying, imperishable.
extremity, extent, bound, con- ANT. Limited, brief, tempo-
clusion, boundary, completion, rary, periodic, transient, fugi-
close, effect, expiration, finish, tive, finite, ephemeral, transi-
finis, finale; issue, goal, intent, tory, temporal.
fulfilment, purpose, point, re- Endow. Furnish with dowry,
sult, termination, terminus; enrich, endue, put on, invest,
utmost, uttermost; accomplish- present, furnish, qualify, sup-
ment, achievement cessation,
; ply, clothe.
consummation, design, conse- ANT. Denude, deprive, di-
quence; fragment, scrap, rem- vest, spoliate, strip, impover-
nant. ish, despoil.
ANT. Commencement, ori- Endowment. Grant, gift, be-
gin, beginning, source, spring, quest, bounty, present, largess,
start, fountain, arising, incep- boon :
property, fund, revenue ;
tion, opening, initiation, out- talent, faculty, power, quality,
set, rise. capability, aptitude, parts, ge-
End, v. *>Re. break off, close, nius, qualification, ability; at-

[ 97 ]
end] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [eng

tainment, provision, benefac- ANT. Disclose, unwrap, de-

tion. velop, reveal, expose.
ANT. Poverty, lack, inca- Enforce. Urge, impress, com-
pacity, impoverishment, spoli- pel, constrain, oblige, force, re-
ation. quire, exact, exert, strain.
Endure. Suffer, submit, bear, ANT. Relax, abandon, remit,
tolerate, allow, sustain, sup- waive, forego.
port, undergo, abide, afford, Enforcement. Inculcation, ex-
brook experience
; continue,
; ecution, sanction, constraint,
remain, persist, be permanent. compulsion.
ANT. Fail, sink, succumb, ANT. Relaxation, abandon-
surrender, yield, break down, went, remission.
despair, droop, faint, fall, fal- Enfranchise. Endow with fran-
ter, give out, give up. chise or suffrage; free, emanci-
Enemy. Adversary, competitor, pate, release, qualify, manumit.
foe, opponent, rival, antagonist. ANT. Disenfranchise, dis-
ANT. Abettor, ally, friend, qualify.
accomplice, supporter, helper, Engage. Promise, bind, pledge,
accessory, associate, compan- commit; plight, affiance, be-
ion, familiar, confidant, adher- troth ; induce to serve ;
enlist,
ent. attract, allure, gain, win, enter-
Energetic. Vigorous, active, tain; arrest, fix, occupy, busy,
forcible, powerful, effective, po- employ, engross; encounter, at-
tent, efficacious, efficient, able, tack, fight with, battle with;
capable. contend, struggle, contest; in-
ANT. Weak, languid, faint, volve stipulate, agree ; adopt.
;

drooping, pining, exhausted, ANT. Decline, refuse, i&ith-

feeble; listless, spiritless, inac- draio, extricate, disengage,
tive. dismiss, discard; retreat, re-
Energy. Agility, activity, force, tract.
power, potency, strength, inten- Engagement. Promise, stipu-
sity, vigor, might, efficacy, effi- lation, contract, obligation,
ciency; spirit, animation, life, assurance, pledge ; betrothal,
manliness, animal spirits, affiancing ; employment, occu-
zeal. pation, business, vocation ; com-
ANT. Indolence, slowness, bat, battle, contest, fight, en-
sloth, clumsiness, lassitude, in- counter, action, conflict.
activity, sluggishness, heavi- ANT. Release, liberation;
ness, inertness, laziness. dismissal; excuse.
Enervate. Unnerve, weaken, en- Engaging. Attractive, winning,
feeble, effeminate;
debilitate, charming, pleasing, interesting,
break, paralyze; incapacitate. delightful.
ANT. Invigorate, strengthen, ANT. Repulsive, unattrac-
harden, nerve, brace, empower. tive, disagreeable.
Enfeeble. Enervate, weaken, de- Engender. Beget, generate, cre-
bilitate, unnerve. ate, breed, produce, cause, occa-
ANT. Strengthen, nerve, in- sion, propagate.
vigorate, brace. ANT. Stifle, destroy, extin-
Enfold. Envelop, wrap, enclose, guish, blioht. prevent, neutral-
embrace, encircle, encompass.
eng] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [eno

Engrave. Carve, cut, chisel, im- ANT. Contract, narrow, re-

print, cut in, infix, grave, im- duce, diminish, restrict, lessen,
press deeply; sculpture, stereo- curtail.
type. Enlighten. Illuminate, light
ANT. Erase, obliterate, wear up; inform, teach, edify, make
out, efface, destroy; carve in re- intelligent, instruct.
lief. ANT. Dark-en, obscure; mys-
Engross. Absorb, engage, mo- tify, mislead, perplex, con-
nopolize, engulf, occupy, fore- found.
stall; copy. Enlist. Enroll, register, incor-
ANT. Distract, disperse, dis- porate, enter, embody, record,
sipate, scatter, vanish. chronicle, muster.
Enhance. Heighten, swell, raise ANT. Erase, expunge, with-
the price of, advance ; augment, draw, dismiss, disband, muster
increase ; aggrandize. out.
ANT. Undervalue, depreciate, Enliven. Amuse, quicken, ani-
disparage, detract, underesti- mate, rouse,
invigorate, in-
mate. spire, cheer, delight,
inspirit,
Enigmatic, Enigmatical. Ob- gladden, exhilarate.
scure, puzzling, hidden, myste- ANT. Depress, dispirit, sub-
rious, perplexing, unintelligible, due, sober, moderate, oppress,
ambiguous, recondite, incom- weary, paralyze, deaden, tire,
prehensible, mystical, occult. stupefy.
ANT. Plain, clear, manifest, Enmity. Hatred, hostility, ma-
self-evident, lucid, explanatory, lice,rancor, animosity, antago-
open, intelligible. nism, acrimony, bitterness, ill
Enjoin. Urge, admonish, advise, will, malevolence, spite, malig-
order, direct, command, bid, re- nity, maliciousness, opposition,
quire; prohibit, restrain; com- asperity, aversion, hate, dis-
mission, ordain, oblige, pre- cord.
scribe. ANT. Friendship, love, affec-
ANT. Dissuade; remit, ab- tion, esteem, cordiality, amity,
solve, exonerate; recall, dis- alliance, concord, agreement, re-
pense with, disqitalif'f. gard, harmony, sympathy, kind-
Enjoy. Possess; delight in, like, liness, kindness.
be pleased with. Ennoble. Dignify, elevate, ex-
ANT. Dislike, loathe, endure, alt, ameliorate, enlarge, make
tolerate, lose, disrelish. great.
Enjoyment. Pleasure, delight, ANT. Debase, degrade, dete-
happiness, gratification frui- ; riorate, depress, deprave, cor-
tion possession
; satisfaction,
; rupt, vitiate.
gladness, felicity. Enormity. Depravity, atrocity,
ANT. Misery, wretchedness, wickedness, villainy, outrng-
grief, affliction, suffering, ca- eousness, heinousness, nefari-
lamity. ousness, abomination, perpetra-
Enlarge. Amplify, augment, in- tion, sin.
crease, extend, expand, mag- ANT. Innocence, righteous-
nify; make greater, ennoble; ness, guilelessness, inoffensive-
dilate, descant, expatiate; ness.
swell, grow. Enormous. Huge, vast, immense,
no] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ent

immoderate, inordinate, abnor- nate, bewitch, delight, fasci-

mal, exceptional, monstrous, gi-
gantic, colossal, prodigious, ele-
phantine ; heinous, depraved,
nefarious.
ANT. Trivial, insignificant,
ordinary, average, diminutive,
moderate.
Enough. Sufficient, plenty, sat-
isfactory, ample, abundant.
ANT. Insufficient, short, in-
adequate, scant, ill-supplied,
tare.
Enrage. Exasperate, provoke,
irritate, madden, incite,
cense, inflame, infuriate, excite,
aggravate, anger.
ANT. Soothe, conciliate, al-
lay, tame, quiet, mollify, ap-
pease, pacify, tranquilize.
Enrapture. Enchant, entrance,
enravish, delight, transport,
beatify, satisfy, please, glad-
den, fascinate, bewitch, capti-
vate, charm, attract, enamor,
enslave.
ANT. Disgust, nauseate, re-
pel, torment, torture, horrify.
Enrich. Aggrandize, enhance,
endow, augment, store, supply
adorn, decorate, ornament, em-
bellish; fertilize.
ANT. Impoverish, rob, de-
nude, fleece, reduce, beggar, de-
spoil, strip.
nate.
ANT. Repel, disgust, alien-
ate; free.
Ensue. Follow, result, eventu-
ate, succeed, befall, accrue, hap-
pen, take place, supervene;
issue, arise, spring, come.
ANT. Precede, herald, intro-
duce; forewarn, threaten, pre-
monish, caution.
Entail. Transfer, transmit, fix,
devolve, involve, bequeath, de-
mise, leave, induce, necessitate.
in- ANT. Prevent, obviate, nul-
lify; neutralize; estrange, ali-
enate, supersede.
Entangle. Implicate, Involve,
compromise, entrap, knot, per-
plex, embarrass, confuse, inter-
twist, interweave, intertwine.
ANT. Straighten, extricate,
disentangle, unravel, deliver.
Enter. Go or come into; pierce,
penetrate; begin, commence;
enroll, inscribe, chronicle, note,
register, record ; engage in ; em-
bark, enlist, join; invade.
ANT. Depart, leave, issue,
; quit, vacate; go out; finish,
end; withdraw from, retire, re-
sign.
Enterprise. Adventure, under-
taking, effort, attempt, essay,
endeavor, trial, experiment en- ;

Enroll. Enlist, register, record, ergy, activity, readiness, will-

chronicle, embody, list, cata- ingness; progress.
logue. ANT. Routine, monotony,
ANT. Erase, expunge, with- humdrum, matter-of-fact, un-
draw. progressiveness ; caution, inac-
Enrolment. Registration ; reg- tivity.
ister, record. Enterprising. Venturesome, ad-
ANT. Omission; withdrawal; venturous, daring, audacious,
erasure. bold; prompt, alert, active, en-
Enshrine. Treasure, preserve, ergetic, efficient, spirited, stren-
cherish, embalm, consecrate. uous, eager, zealous, stirring;
ANT. Lose, misplace, expose, progressive, speculative.
destroy, desecrate. ANT. Timid, cautious, in-
Enslave. Captivate, charm, en- active, fearful,cowardly; con-
thral, subjugate, master, domi- servative; wary, prudent, di~
[ 1001
ent] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ent

creet, anxious, careful, thought- mere, unmitigated, pure; total,

ful; indolent, unenterprising, absolute.
inactive, unready, laggard. ANT. Partial, incomplete,
Entertain. Amuse, interest, di- broken, impaired, alloyed, lim-
vert, cheer, delight, recreate, ited, divided, defective, mixed;
beguile, please, occupy, gratify, relative.
enliven, disport; consider, pon- Entitle. Name, designate, de-
der; lodge, treat hospitably, nominate, call, style, character-
cherish, harbor, hold, receive. ize; christen; enable, fit, em-
ANT. Annoy, tire, bore, dis- power, qualify.
-
turb, weary, distract, disquiet; ANT. Disable, disqualify.
refuse, reject, deny, debar, ex- Entity. Being, essence, exis-
clude, eject. tence.
Entertainment. Delight, diver- ANT. Nonentity, chimera,
sion, amusement, cheer, enjoy- phantom, fantasy, hallucina-
ment, pastime, fun, merriment, tion.
pleasure, recreation, sport, hos- Entomb. Bury, inter, inhume.
pitality, frolic, reception, lodg- ANT. Exhume, disinter.
ing. Entrance. Approach, doorway,
ANT. Weariness, work, toil, opening, door, entry, ingress,
ennui, labor, fatigue, disturb- gate, gateway, inlet, portal, ac-
ance; refusal, rejection. cess, admission, admittance, en-
Enthrone. Crown, instal, exalt, tree, introduction, penetration,
Olevate, invest with power. avenue, adit; beginning, com-
ANT. Dethrone, depose, de- mencement, initiation.
base, degrade. ANT. Departure, egress, re-
Enthusiasm. Ardor, earnest- fusal, exit, withdrawal, ejec-
ness, excitement, inspiration, tion, exclusion, expulsion, re-
frenzy, vehemence, warmth, ec- jection.
stasy, passion, zeal, rapture, Entreat. Beg, supplicate, solicit,
eagerness, devotion, fervency, beseech, implore, pray, appeal,
fanaticism, fervor, intensity, petition, adjure, crave, impor-
transport. tune, enjoin, urge.
ANT. Indifference, caution, ANT. Command, insist, bid,
calmness, prudence, timidity, enjoin, charge, direct; grant,
policy, coldness, dulness, cal- heed, hear, answer, respond.
culation, lukewarmness, dead- Entry. Entrance, ingress, ac-
ness, callousness. cess; avenue, passage, hall, in-
Entice. Lure, attract, seduce, let; minute, note, record, regis-
coax, persuade, wheedle, cajole, ter, memorandum ; initiation,
delude, entrap, decoy, inveigle, beginning.
lead astray, induce. ANT. Egress, exit, depart-
ANT. Warn, hinder, deter, ure; outlet, vent; misrecord,
repel, admonish, caution, make falsification, blank, omission;
aware. conclusion, quittance, disposal.
Entire. Whole, complete, per- Entwine. Interlace, weave, en-
fect, unimpaired, unbroken, un- twist, wreathe together or
diminished, undivided; full, in- round.
tegral, thorough, solid, unal- ANT. Disentwine, dissever,
loyed, plenary; unmixed, sheer, untwist.

[ 101 ]
enu] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [equ

Enumerate. Compute, reckon, gitive, brief, evanescent, transi-

numerate, number, tell, cite, es- tory.
timate, recount, specify, detail, ANT. Permanent, immortal,
calculate, rehearse, recapitu- eternal, lasting, enduring, per-
late. petual, abiding, persistent, pe-
ANT. Mingle, jumble, con- rennial.
fuse; miscount, misreclcon, mis- Epigrammatic. Pointed, terse,
calculate. laconic, concise, graphic.
Enunciate. Announce, proclaim, ANT. Diffuse, prolix, point-
declare ; pronounce, syllable ; less, copious, circumlocutory,
state, propound, articulate, re- verbose, periphrastic.
late, utter, publish, promulgate. Epitome. Summary, compend,
ANT. Mutter, babble, stam- abstract, curtailment, reduc-
mer. tion.
Envelop, v. Wrap, surround, en- ANT. Expansion, extension,
circle, fold, encompass, cover, amplification, dilation.
hide. Equable. Even, uniform, steady,
ANT. Expose, unwrap, re- regular, proportionate, smooth,
veal, extract; develop. easy, invariable.
Envenom. Poison, taint, vitiate, ANT. Variable, fitful, irregu~
infect, pollute; embitter; en- lar, disjointed, desultory, un-
rage, provoke, exasperate, irri- easy.
tate, madden, inflame. Equal. Like, equivalent, identi-
ANT. Purify, disinfect; de- cal, tantamount; uniform, reg-
light, please, gratify. ular, even, steady; proportion-
Envious. Jealous, suspicious, ate, commensurate; impartial,
grudging. unbiased; competent, fit, ade-
ANT. Friendly, kindly, well- quate, sufficient; fair, equit-
disposed, trustful, contented, able, just.
satisfied. ANT. Dissimilar, unsteady,
Environ. Surround, encircle, en- incommensurate, irregular, dis-
compass, gird, belt, enclose, en- proportionate; incompetent, in-
velop; invest, besiege, hem in, adequate; unjust, unfair; vari-
beset. able, disparate.
Envoy. Messenger (in diplo- Equality. Likeness, uniformity,
matic service) ; ambassador, identity, evenness, equableness,
minister, legate, plenipotenti- sameness of rank.
ary. ANT. Dissimilarity, differ-
ANT. Scout, spy, orderly ence.
(as messengers in military ser- Equanimity. Composure, calm-
vice). ness, tranquillity, steadiness,
Envy. Malice, ill will ; jealousy, serenity.
hate, spite, hatred, grudging; ANT. Impatience, perturba-
chagrin, discontent, mortifica- tion, restlessness, disquiet.
tion. Equip. Accouter, arm, provide,
ANT. Admiration, good will, furnish, fit out, supply, dress,
regard, esteem, benevolence; as- array, garnish, arrange, invest,
piration, emulation. clothe.
Ephemeral. Transient, momen- ANT. Divest, denude, dis-

tary, daily, diurnal, fleeting, fu- mantle, despoil, derange.

[ 102
equ] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [err

Equipage. Carriage, retinue, Erect, a. Upright, standing, ele-

vehicle, attendance, procession,
suite, train ; equipment, furni-
ture, baggage, effects.
Equipment. Accouterments, ap-
paratus, furnishings, dress, rig-
ging, trappings, gear, outfit,
provisions, equipage, arms, sup-
plies.
Equitable. Upright, just, im-
partial, unbiased, unprejudiced,
reasonable, fair, right, proper,
honest, even-handed, propor-
tionate.
ANT. Unfair, unjust, unrea-
sonable, partial, prepossessed,
prejudiced, biased.
Equity. Justice, right, upright-
ness, rectitude, fairness, impar-
tiality, fair play, honesty, in-
tegrity.
ANT. Injustice, corruption,
dishonesty, partiality, unfair-
ness, prejudice.
Equivalent. Equal, equipollent,
tantamount; synonymous, in-
terchangeable, equiponderant.
ANT. Unequal, incommensu-
rate, uneven, unbalanced.
Equivocal. Ambiguous, indefi-
vated; bold, undaunted, firm.
ANT. Leaning, lying, supine;
groveling, abject; mean, servile,
coicardly.
Erect, v. Raise, uplift, place or
set upright, build, construct;
exalt, elevate, magnify; estab-
lish, institute, form, found,
plant.
ANT.Lower, incline, slant;
subvert, depress, remove, de-
stroy, demolish; debase, de-
grade.
Err. Deviate, wander, ramble,
rove; mistake, misjudge, blun-
der; sin, fall, lapse, trip, offend,
trespass, misapprehend, stray,
stumble, go astray.
ANT. Succeed, prosper; cor-
rect, rectify.
Errand. Message, mandate, com-
mission, mission, charge, dele-
gation.
ANT. Misannouncement, mis-
delivery.
Erratic. Wandering, nomadic,
roving, rambling; planetary,
moving ;irregular, eccentric,
abnormal desultory, aberrant,
;

nite, enigmatical, dubious, un- flighty, changeful, capricious.

certain, doubtful, questionable, ANT. Static, stationary; un-
perplexing, indeterminate, in- der iating, steady, regular, nor-
distinct, suspicious. mal; unalterable, methodical,
ANT. Evident, clear, plain, di- calculable.
rect, manifest, obvious, indubi- Erring. Sinful, fallible, liable
table, unquestionable, perspic- to err, wandering, misguided,
uous, unambiguous, lucid, dis- misled.
tinct, certain, indisputable. ANT. Virtuous, good, up-
Eradicate. Abolish, extinguish, right.
exterminate, extirpate, uproot, Error. Blunder, mistake, misap-
destroy, annihilate, excise. prehension, oversight, inaccu-
^NT. Cherish, encourage, in- racy; sin, fault, offense, trans-
stil, propagate, implant, incul- gression, iniquity, trespass, de-
cate, inspire, foster. linquency, misdeed, shortcom-
Erase. Efface, expunge, cancel, ing, wrongdoing deception,
;

obliterate, blot out, scratch fallacy, untruth, falsity, hallu-

out. cination.
ANT. Mark, delineate, ivrite, ANT. Truth, correctness, ac-
inscribe, imprint, engrave. curacy; correction,
[ 103 ]
'eru] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
rectification; exactness, verifi-
cation.
Erudition. Knowledge, learn-
ing, lore, scholarship, letters.
ANT. Illiterateness, dunce-
dom, sciolism, ignorance, stu-
pidity.
Eruption. Explosion, outbreak,
outburst; sally, sudden excur-
sion; discharge, eructation, ex-
sufnation, ejection.
ANT. Absorption, swallow-
ing, engulfing, engrossment, ir-
ruption, inburst; consumption,
devouring.
Escape. Avoid, shun, evade, flee
from, elude; pass unobserved;
abscond, fly, hide.
ANT. Incur, encounter, meet,
confront; suffer.
Esoteric. Private, secret, acroa-
matic, inner, inmost; abstruse,
profound special, advanced.
; gard, prize, value, think, ap-
ANT. Exoteric, public, popu-
lar; rudimentary, primary, ele-
mentary.
Essence. Nature, quintessence,
substance, vital part, element;
volatile part, extract ; perfume ;
scent, odor ; being, existence, en-
tity, life.
ANT. Accident; property;
garb, clothing, surroundings.
Essential. Vital, necessary, in-
dispensable, requisite, impor-
tant; volatile, pure, diffusible,
highly rectified; innate, inher-
ent, immanent, leading.
ANT. Accidental, induced, im- Eternal.
ported, adventitious; quantita-
tive, qualitative; promotive, re-
dundant, regulative, superflu-
ous.
Establish. Fix, settle, make
steadfast; decree, enact, or-
dain; institute, originate, con-
stitute, found, plant, organize,
form; secure, set up;
place,
confirm, sanction, ratify, ap-
prove; verify, prove, substanti-
[ 104
[eti
ate; fulfil, carry out, make
good; endow; demonstrate.
ANT. Unsettle, supplant, dis-
establish, break up, subvert, up-
set; misstate, refute, confute;
guess, conjecture, presume, sup-
pose, surmise.
Estate. State, condition; rank,
position; property, possessions,
fortune, effects; class, division,
order; lands, demesne, domain,
freehold.
ANT. State, country, chat-
tels,community, waste, goods,
effects.
Esteem, n. Estimate, favor, re-
gard, respect, estimation; ad-
miration.
ANT. Aversion, hatred, dis-
contempt, abhorrence, an-
like,
tipathy, repugnance, loathing.
Esteem, v. Estimate, hold, re-
preciate, deem, calculate, con-
sider; price; believe, affect;
revere, honor, respect, admire,
venerate, love, like.
ANT. Disregard, depreciate,
undervalue, dislike, misprize,
underrate, decry.
Estimable. Appreciable, calcu-
lable, computable; worthy, ex-
cellent, good, deserving, meri-
torious; amiable, lovable, de-
lectable, praiseworthy.
ANT. Unworthy, bad, inde-
lectable, unamiable; undeserv-
ing, unlovable.
Immortal,
perpetual,
fadeless, perennial, unfailing,
imperishable, endless, everlast-
ing, ever-living, interminable,
never-ending, never-fading, un-
ceasing, timeless, undying, un-
ending, unfading; infinite.
ANT. Ephemeral, transient,
fleeting, mortal, temporal, tran-
sitory, evanescent, sublunary.
Etiquette. Manners, breeding,
fashion, conventionality.
eup] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Misobservance, non-
conformance, boorishness, rude-
ness, singularity.
Euphonious. Euphonic, melli-
fluous, musical, silvery,
clear,
sweet-toned, melodious, harmo-
nious, mellow.
ANT. Harsh, discordant, dis-
sonant.
Euphuism. Purism, finical style,
fastidious delicacy, affected
elegance, high-flown diction,
pompous or extravagantly or-
nate diction; affectation, facti-
tiousness, pedantry, highflying
(used of language).
ANT. Simplicity, vernacu-
lar, mother-tongue, bluntness,
naturalness, rusticity.
Evacuate. Empty; eject, expel,
excrete, throw out, discharge,
void; quit, leave, forsake, de-
sert, abandon, withdraw from,
relinquish.
ANT. Seize, occupy, hold, fill.
Evaporate. Vaporize, disperse
in vapor; disappear, evanesce,
vanish; exhale, emit in vapor;
turn to vapor ; melt, colliquate,
liquefy, dissolve, distil.
ANT. Consolidate, compact,
solidify, crystallize, indurate.
Evasion. Prevarication, equivo-
cation, quibbling, subterfuge,
shuffling, sophistry, tergiversa-
tion, disingenuousness ; shift,
quibble, fencing.
ANT. Answer, counter-argu-
ment, grappling; straightfor-
wardness; challenge.
Even. Smooth, level, hat, plane
equal, uniform, calm, steady,
unruffled; fair, just, equitable;
plain, flush ; well-balanced.
ANT. Variable, uneven; ab-
rupt, inclined, rugged.
Event. Circumstance, chance,
incident, fortune, result, possi-
bility, sequel, outcome, fact,
episode, end, contingency, case,
[evi
issue, consequence; occurrence,
adventure, accident.
ANT. Cause, antecedent, op-
eration, inducement, contribu-
tion, convergence, tendency, pre-
disposition.
Eventful. Stirring, memorable,
signal, momentous, important,
critical, remarkable, marked,
noted, notable.
ANT. Ordinary, unmarked,
eventless, uninteresting, unim-
portant, characterless, trivial.
Ever. At any time ; always, per-
petually, continually, evermore,
eternally, aye, for aye, forever,
at all times; constantly, inces-
santly.
ANT. Never.
Everlasting. Endless, unending,
perpetual, incessant, ceaseless,
continual, uninterrupted, un-
ceasing, interminable, eternal,
constant, never-ending, never-
ceasing; imperishable, undying,
never-dying, deathless, immor-
tal, ever-living; infinite.
ANT. Ephemeral, transient,
transitory.
Every. All, any, both, either,
each.
ANT. None, no one, not any
one.
Evict. Dispossess, eject, throw
out.
ANT. Reinstate, admit; Zo-
cate, lodge, settle.
Evidence. Testimony, ground of
belief,proof; manifestation, at-
traction, testimony, averment,
; deposition, declaration, appear-
ance, sign, token, indication, ex-
emplification, illustration.
ANT. Surmise, conjecture;
counter-evidence; refutation,
disproof; concealment, misin-
dication, suppression, fallacy.
Evident. Patent, clear, palpa-
ble, manifest, transparent, via-
ible, perceptible, obvious, open,
105 ]
 Vi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [exc

conspicuous, apparent, distinct, into, search into, look into;

discernible, indubitable, overt, weigh, ponder, criticize, prove,
plain, unmistakable, tangible; discuss, overhaul, explore.
indisputable, incontrovertible. ANT. Conjecture, guess; dis-
ANT. Doubtful, uncertain, card, slur; misconsider, misin-
questionable, dubious; hidden, vestigate.
concealed, secret, undiscovered, Example. Model, pattern, ideal,
obscure, latent, unseen, unim- archetype, exemplar, standard,
agined, unknown; covert, dark, sample, specimen, type, warn-
invisible ; impenetrable, occult, ing, ensample, exemplification,
impalpable, imperceptible, un- prototype; copy, illustration,
thought of. instance; issue, development.
il, a. Ill, noxious, deleteri- ANT. Stock, material, sub-
ous, wrong, bad, hurtful, mis- stance, laio, rule, case, system,
chievous, sinful, unhappy, ad- character, principle, quality.
verse, unpropitious, harmful, Excavate. Hollow, dig, scoop
wicked, corrupt, unfair, notori- out, cut, trench; discover, dis-
ous, miserable, sorrowful. inter.
ANT. Wholesome, right, vir- ANT. Inter, inhume, bury;
tuous, beneficial, holy, pure, fe- conceal; fill, level.
licitous, happy, fortunate, joy- Except, prep. Excepting, with-
ous, welcome, grateful, worthy, out, saving, unless, exclusive
good, honorable. of.
Evince. Prove, show, evidence, Except, v. Exclude, save, bar;
exhibit, manifest, demonstrate ; segregate, negative.
establish; indicate, display. ANT. Include, reckon, count,
ANT. Suppress, negative, state, classify, propound, ad-
disprove, conceal. mit, affirm.
Evoke. Summon, call forth; Exception. Exclusion, omission,
excite, arouse, elicit, rouse, pro- non-inclusion; objection; af-
voke, educe, produce; elimi- front, offense; unusual case,
nate, extract. anomaly; qualification, sepa-
ANT. Allay, stifle, stop, si- ration.
lence, prevent, seal. ANT. Rule, class; statement,
Exactly. Precisely, accurately, proposition.
strictly, nicely. Exceptionable. Undesirable, ob-
ANT. Loosely, inaccurately, jectionable.
incorrectly, differently. ANT. Unobjectionable, de-
Exaggerate. Overstate, strain, sirable, exemplary.
overcharge, stretch, overcolor; Exceptional. Irregular, rare,
amplify, enlarge, magnify, over- unusual, uncommon, unnatural,
draw, heighten, overpaint, over- peculiar, anomalous, abnormal,
estimate. aberrant, exceptive.
ANT. Disparage, attenuate, ANT. Common, usual, nor-
palliate, understate, underesti- mal, ordinary, regular.
mate, minimize, mitigate, qual- Excess. Surplus, waste, extrav-
modify.
ify, soften, agance, wastefulness, superflu-
Examine. Inspect, observe, in- ity, lavishness, exorbitance, su-
vestigate, scrutinize, consider, perabundance, dissipation, in-
Btudy; canvass, test, inquire temperance, profusion, procli-
[ 106 ]
exc] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [exe

gality, redundance; increase, Excuse, v. Pardon, forgive, ab-

debauchery. solve, acquit, exonerate, excul-
ANT. Frugality, economy; pate; extenuate, justify; free,
dearth, deficiency, defect, want, exempt, release, let off; over-
shortcoming, lack, need, pov- look, regard indulgently, con-
erty ; failure, destitution, inad- done; remit, vindicate, defend,
equacy, insufficiency, scanti- mitigate.
ness; temperance, sobriety. ANT. Charge, condemn, tn-
Excessive. Superabundant, dis-
culpate, convict, sentence; ex-
proportionate, undue, exuber- act, accuse.
ant, superfluous immoderate, Execrable.
; Detestable, cursed,
intemperate, extreme violent,
; loathsome, accursed, villainous,
vehement; enormous, exorbi- hateful, abominable, damnable,
tant, overmuch, inordinate, un- diabolical, odious, abhorrent;
reasonable, extravagant. offensive, disgusting, nauseous,
ANT. Insufficient, scant, in- obnoxious, repulsive, revolting,
adequate, lacking, wanting, de- vile.
ficient. ANT. Desirable, respectable,
Excitability. Sensibility, sen- laudable, eligible.
sitiveness; irritability, irasci- Execration. Curse, malediction,
bility, passionateness. ban, anathema, imprecation of
ANT. Immobility, hebetude, evil ; detestation, abhorrence,
composure; insensitiveness, im- horror, loathing, abomination;
perturbability. denunciation.
Excommunicate. Dismiss, ex- ANT. Benediction, blessing.
pel,denounce, proscribe, anath- Execute. Administer, perform,
ematize, exscind; exclude, ban- enforce, carry out, do.
ish, bar, eject, blackball. ANT. Fail, be lacking, disap-
ANT. Admit, readmit, enroll, point.
inaugurate. Exemplary. Laudable, praise-
Excrescence. Tumor, protuber- worthy, excellent, correct, esti-
ance; superfluity, useless ap- mable, worthy, virtuous; pat-
pendage; redundancy. ternlike, close, faithful, exact,
ANT. Eradication, extirpa- scrupulous, assiduous, punctil-
tion, excision, levigation, exsec- ious, rigid, punctual, rigorous;
tion. worthy of imitation, fit for a
Excruciate. Torture, torment, pattern.
rack, agonize. ANT. Detestable, objection-
ANT. Soothe, please, tran- able, exceptionable.
quilize. Exemplify. Illustrate, show by
Exculpate. Absolve, exonerate, example manifest, embody, ex-
;

acquit, clear, set right, vindi- hibit, represent.

cate; defend, release.
ANT. Charge, implicate, in-
culpate.
Excursion. Trip, ramble, tour,
jaunt, journey, expedition.
Excusable. Pardonable, venial.
ANT. Inexcusable,
donable.
ANT. Belie, betray, misrep-
resent, falsify.
Exempt, v. Relieve, set free, re-
lease, grant immunity to, ex-
cuse, exonerate, except.
ANT. Subject, render liable,
unpar- bind, oblige ; expose.
Exempt, o. Free, irresponsible,
[ 107 ]
 xe] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
liberated, clear, absolved, priv- tion, pageant, display, manifes-
ileged, unamenable. tation, show.
ANT. Liable, subject, amen- Exhilarate. Cheer, enliven, in-
able, responsible. spire, inspirit, stimulate, ani-
Exemption. Immunity, privi- mate, elate, gladden; rejoice,
lege, exception, release, freedom delight, please.
from liability; dispensation, li- ANT. Depress, unnerve, un-
cense. hinge, dispirit.
ANT. Liability, amenable- Exhort. Urge, stimulate, per-
ness, responsibility, subjection, suade, incite, encourage; ad-
obligation. vise, counsel, enjoin.
Exercise, n. Application, drill, ANT. Dissuade, warn, depre-
employment, exertion prac-
; cate, remonstrate.
tice,training; occupation, use; Exigency. Demand, urgency,
performance, operation, act, ac- need, necessity, requirement,
tivity, action. want; pressure, crisis, emer-
ANT. Inaction, idleness, re- gency, juncture, quandary; con-
laxation, rest, inactivity; ease, juncture, pass, pinch, strait.
recreation. ANT. Provision, rule, sup-
Exertion. Use, exercise; effort, ply, course, preparation.
endeavor, struggle, trial, at- Exile, n. Banishment, expulsion,
tempt, stretch, strain; labor, ostracism, proscription, expatri-
toil. ation; separation, isolation;
ANT. Relaxation, rest, rec- banished person.
reation. ANT. Welcome, return; re-
Exhalation. Evaporation va- ; maining; cherishing, fostering,
por, fume, steam, smoke, fog, retaining.
reek; mist, damp, effluvium. Exile, v. Banish, expatriate, os-
ANT. Inhalation, exsicca- tracize, expel, proscribe, rele-
tion, absorption. gate.
Exhale. Emit, breathe out, give ANT. Welcome, reinstate, do-
out, evaporate vaporize.
; mesticate, domiciliate.
ANT. Inhale, breathe in, in- Existence. Being, subsistence;
spire. entity, essence, creature, thing;
Exhaust. Drain, empty, expend, life, animation; continuation,
spend, waste, consume, squan- duration.
der, lavish, dissipate, destroy; ANT. Nonentity, non-exist-
prostrate, cripple, weaken, de- ence, chimera.
bilitate, enervate, disable, wear Expand. Open, spread out; di-
out, weary. late, enlarge, stretch, distend;
ANT. Fill, replenish, aug- swell, diffuse, extend, increase;
ment, refresh, invigorate. develop, unfold, amplify.
Exhibit. Show, display; mani- ANT. Contract, curtail, con-
fest, express, disclose, indicate, dense, restrict, attenuate.
make known, evince ; offer, pre- Expanse. Extent, stretch, ex-
sent, propose; betray; demon- pansion ; firmament, sky, can-
strate, illustrate. opy, vault, welkin; vast, void,
ANT. Conceal, mask, hide, space, breadth.
secrete, suppress. ANT. Limit, enclosure, con-
Exhibition. Sight, representa- fine, bound.

108 ]
 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Expatiate. Rove, range; dilate,
enlarge, descant, be copious,
launch out, amplify.
ANT. Contract, summarize,
condense, epitomize.
Expect. Await, look for; anti-
cipate, rely upon, count upon,
reckon or calculate upon, look
forward to; look for, forecast,
forebode, foresee.
ANT. Welcome, greet, hail,
recognize; realize.
Expectation. Anticipation, ex-
pectance, prospect, expectancy;
reliance, confidence, assurance,
presumption; trust, hope.
ANT. Recollection, remem-
brance, retrospect ; distrust, de-
spair, discouragement.
Expediency. Fitness, propriety,
suitableness, desirableness, ad-
visability ; advantage, utility,
profit, usefulness ; profitable-
ness, advantageousness ; inter-
est.
ANT. Disadvantage, detri-
ment, inutility, inexpediency.
Expedition. Haste, speed, celer-
ity,despatch, alertness, prompt-
ness, alacrity, quickness enter-
; ligible, give the reasons for,
prise, undertaking; march, voy-
age.
ANT. Delay, tardiness, pro-
crastination.
Expend. Disburse, spend, lay
out; use, exert, consume, em-
ploy; waste, exhaust, spread,
scatter, dissipate.
ANT. Save, economize, hus-
band.
Expense. Expenditure, outgo,
cost, outlay ; price, charge, pay-
ment.
ANT. Income, gain, proceeds,
return, profit, product, receipts.
Expensive. Dear, costly, high-
priced; lavish, wasteful, ex-
travagant; valuable, rich.
ANT. Cheap, worthless, poor;
economical.
[ 109
[exp
Experience, n. Actual observa-
tion, feeling, or presentation;
practice, experimental knowl-
edge; experiment, trial, proof,
test, knowledge, habit.
ANT. Anticipation, expecta-
tion.
Experience, v. Feel, undergo,
prove by trial, endure, suffer,
be subject to; try, encounter.
ANT. Evade, escape, lose,
miss.
Experienced. Practiced, versed,
accomplished, able, qualified, in-
structed, thoroughbred; famil-
iar, skilled, accustomed, con-
versant.
ANT. Inexperienced, strange^
unpracticed.
Experiment. Trial, test, assay,
examination, proof, touchstone,
ordeal ; observation, investiga-
tion, experimentation; illustra-
tion, exemplification.
ANT. Hypothesis, conjecture,
assumption.
Explain. Elucidate, expound, in-
terpret, unfold, clear up, make
plain; account for, make
intel-
solve, warrant, trace to causes,
justify; teach, decipher.
ANT. Mystify, bewilder, ob-
scure, darken, misinterpret.
Explanation. Elucidation, in-
terpretation, exposition, illus-
tration, description, explica-
tion; solution, warrant, justi-
fication, account, key; mutual
understanding; sense.
ANT. Confusion, misinter-
pretation, mystification, obscu-
ration.
Explicit. Express, clear, plain,
definite, positive, unambiguous,
unreserved, categorical, deter-
minate; detailed, declaratory,
unobscure, stated.
ANT. Ambiguous, doubtful*
indefinite, uncertain, vague, im-
]
exp] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ext

plied, implicit, indeterminate; ANT. Mark, write, trace, de-

hinted, suggestive, obscure. lineate.
Exponent. Index, indication, ex- Exquisite. Nice, accurate, deli-
ample, type, representative, il- cate, discriminating, exact, re-
lustration, specimen; advocate, fined ; precious, valuable, select,
interpreter, propounder. choice, rare, excellent; perfect,
ANT. System, creed, prin- complete, matchless, consum-
ciple, opinion. mate; keen, poignant, acute, in-
Export, v. Send out, carry out, tense; delicious.
send abroad, ship, produce. ANT. Common, coarse, ordi-
ANT. Import; consume. nary; unrefined.
Exposed. Unprotected, defense- Extemporaneous.
Improvised,
less, unguarded, endangered. unpremeditated, extempore, im-
ANT. Guarded, defended, pro- promptu, extemporary, offhand.
tected. ANT. Prepared, studied, pre-
Expostulate. Object, dissuade, meditated, read, written, elabo-
remonstrate. rated; rehearsed, recited.
ANT. Abet, coincide, agree, Extend. Stretch, reach ; prolong,
confirm. continue, lengthen, protract;
Express, v.Squeeze out; utter, expand, dilate, enlarge, widen,
declare, assert, speak; repre- augment, increase; diffuse; im-
sent, indicate, show, signify, ex- part, give, offer, yield ; amplify,
hibit, denote, intimate; send by avail, apply.
express. ANT.Contract, restrict, cur-
ANT. Suppress, repress, con- narrow, reduce, con-
tail, limit,
ceal. dense; miss, fail.
Express, a. Explicit, clear, defi- Extent. Expanse, amplitude, ex-
nite, plain, determinate, posi- tension volume, bulk, magni-
;

tive, categorical; exact, accu- tude, size; stretch, reach, com-

rate, faithful, true, close, pre- pass, length; degree, distance,
cise; special, particular; swift, quantity.
rapid, fast; specific, pointed, ANT. Limitation, diminu-
direct. tion, restriction.
ANT. General; vague; leis- Extenuate. Lessen, diminish,
urely; inaccurate, inexact, ap- reduce; palliate, mitigate, ex-
proximate. cuse, qualify, apologize for.
Expression. Squeezing out; as- ANT. Enhance, aggravate,
sertion, statement, utterance, heighten.
declaration; phrase, mode of Exterior, a. Outward, external,
speech, term general tone, per-
; outer, outside, superficial; for-
vading effect, look, cast of coun- eign, extrinsic, from without.
tenance; lively representation; ANT. Inner, internal, do-
modulation, feeling, execution; mestic, inward.
indication. Exterminate. Eradicate, over-
ANT. Suppression, restraint, throw, uproot, expel, extirpate,
repression ; face, features, line- annihilate, banish, destroy, re-
ament ; falsification, misstate- move, root out, wipe out.
ment, solecism, enigma. ANT. Augment, breed, cher-
Expunge. Erase, efface, oblit- ish, develop, increase, populate,
erate, cancel, blot out, delete. replenish, settle, plant, fostert
[ 110 J
ext] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ext

propagate, colonize, build up, out; derive, select, quote, cite;

beget. determine, find; educe, elicit,
Extermination. Extirpation, gather, collect, extort.
annihilation, eradication, abo- ANT. Insert, replace, incor-
lition, destruction, extinction, porate, restore, reinsert, im-
excision, elimination. pose.
ANT. Settlement, replenish- Extraneous. Foreign, extrinsic;
ment, augmentation, coloniza- non-pertinent, not germane, un-
tion, population, propagation, essential, superfluous ; uncon-
increase. nected, alien, unrelated, adven-
External. Outward, outer, ex- titious, ascititious.
terior, outside, superficial; for- ANT. Intrinsic, vital, inter-
eign, extrinsic; visible, appar- nal, connected, essential.
ent; manifest, palpable. Extraordinary. Unusual, re-
ANT. Inner, internal, intes- markable, uncommon, singular,
tine, inmost, hidden, non-ap- signal, egregious, rare, extra;
parent. unwonted, peculiar, wonderful,
Extinction. Destruction, anni- unprecedented, marvelous, pro-
hilation, extirpation, extermi- digious, monstrous, preposter-
nation, abolition extinguish-
; ous, strange.
ment; death, suffoca-
stifling, ANT. Common, usual, fre-
tion, cessation, obsolescence. quent, wonted, unremarkable,
ANT. Inception, origination, unimportant, ordinary.
birth, course, life, operation, Extravagance. Excess, exorbi-
action, exercise, continuance, tance, enormity, unreasonable-
prosperity, survival. ness, preposterousness; wild-
Extinguish. Quench ; destroy, , ness, folly, absurdity, irreg-
suppress, put down extirpate, ; ularity; prodigality, lavish ex-
abolish, eradicate, kill, annihi- penditure, profusion, waste.
late, put out. ANT. Carefulness, economy,
ANT. Replenish, replant, im- frugality, saving, provision,
plant, cherish, propagate, pro- prudence, foresight.
mote, invigorate, establish, con- Extravagant. Excessive, inor-
firm, secure. dinate, unreasonable, prepos-
Extort. Exact, wrest, wrench, terous, exorbitant; wild, fool-
wring out, force; despoil, ex- ish, absurd, irregular; lavish,
press, fleece, squeeze out, ex- profuse, wasteful, spendthrift,
tract. prodigal.
ANT. Coax, cheat, wheedle, ANT. Sound, sober, consis-
cajole. tent, fair, rational, economical,
Extortionate. Oppressive, ex- frugal, careful, regular, usual.
acting, severe, hard, harsh; ex- Extreme. Utmost, farthest, ut-
orbitant, close-fisted, rigorous, termost, outermost; greatest,
monstrous, preposterous. highest; last, final, ultimate;
ANT. Liberal, bountiful, in- extravagant, immoderate, ex-
dulgent, fair, moderate, reason- cessive, unreasonable ; remote,
able. terminal, distant, most violent.
Extract, n. Selection, excerpt, ANT. Initial, primal, judi-
passage, citation, quotation. cious, moderate.
Extract, v. Draw, pull, take Extremity. End, Terge, termi-
exu] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fao

nation, edge, border, extreme, Exultant. Exulting, jubilant,

utmost point close, conclusion.
; triumphant, elated, joyous,
ANT. Beginning, commence- transported.
ment, opening, center, origin, ANT. Mournful, dispirited,
"bulk, body. depressed.
Exudation. Ooze, drip, percola- Exultation. Elation, joy, tri-
tion, excretion, secretion. umph, delight, transport, ec-
ANT. Absorption, parching, stasy.
aridity. ANT. Mourning, depression.

P
fable. Story, myth, legend, al- merry, sportive, lively, enter-
legory, apologue; plot, action, taining, sprightly; playful.
series of events; fiction, false- ANT. Matter-of-fact, heavy,
hood, lie, untruth, fabrication, dull, grave, serious, saturnine,
forgery, invention, figment; ro- somber, lugubrious.
mance, parable, novel. Facile. Docile, easy, mild, cour-
ANT. History, fact, narra- teous, affable, complaisant, ap-
tive. proachable ; pliant, pliable, duc-
Fabric. Building, structure, edi- tile, flexible, yielding, tractable,
fice, pile; texture, make, work- manageable, compliant; ready,
manship, conformation; manu- dexterous; indulgent, weak, ir-
factured cloth, woven stuff; resolute, characterless.
work, construction, tissue, web. ANT. Resolute, sturdy, ob-
ANT. Destruction, disman- stinate, determined, inflexible,
tlement, demolition, fragment, crusty, self-willed, self-reliant,
wreck, tatters, ruin, shreds, independent.
rags. Facility. Easiness, ease readi- ;

Fabricate. Build, frame, con- ness, dexterity, expertness, abil-

struct ; make, manufacture ; ity, knack; condescension, ur-
forge, invent, coin, feign; form, banity, affability, civility, com-
falsify, produce, devise, misrep- plaisance, politeness; pliancy,
resent. flexibility, ductility; appliance,
ANT. Demolish, tear, spoil, convenience, means, advantage,
dismember, destroy, narrate, resource; quickness, adroitness.
lacerate, copy, represent, re- ANT. Effort, awkwardness,
peat, portray. labor, difficulty.
Fabulous. Invented, fabricated, Fact. Occurrence, event, deed,
feigned, unreal, coined, ficti- incident, act, performance, cir-
tious ; incredible, pretended, im- cumstance ; reality, actuality,
aginary, false, monstrous. certainty, truth.
ANT. Real, actual, historic, ANT. Fiction, supposition,
authentic, fair, true, reason- unreality, falsehood, chimera,
able. lie, delusion, invention, halluci-
Facetious. Witty, jocose, jocu- nation, romance.
lar, humorous, waggish, funny, Factious. Turbulent, refractory,
comical, pleasant, droll; gay, seditious, rebellious, recalci-

r 112
fac] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
trant, litigious, adversative,
malcontent.
ANT. Genial, complaisant,
agreeable, loyal, harmonious,
public- spirited, sympathetic, co-
operative, auxiliary.
Factitious. Artificial; euphuis-
tic, affected, finical, cramped,
conventional, spurious.
ANT. Natural, genial, unaf-
fected, pure, genuine, truthful.
Fade. Vanish, evanesce, disap-
pear, pass away; decline, lan-
guish, droop, decay, wither;
lose color, grow dim, blanch,
bleach, fall, sink, dwindle, pale,
change, set, etiolate, fail.
ANT. Rise, increase, bloom,
grow, flourish, endure, abide,
last, stand.
Fag. Droop, sink, grow weary,
flag; drudge, toil; do menial
service, tire, fatigue, jade, ex-
haust; work, slave.
ANT. Idle, lounge, dawdle;
strike; bask.
Pail. Fall short, be insufficient,
be deficient; decline, sink, de-
cay, wane, fade, break, give out;
cease, disappear, become ex-
tinct; miss, miscarry, be un-
successful, miss fire, be frus-
trated; omit, neglect; break,
become insolvent, suspend pay-
ment; trip, lose.
ANT. Succeed, exceed, sur-
pass, achieve, abound, yield, ex-
cel.
Paint. Weak, exhausted, worn,
listless, languid, wearied, dim,
feeble, fatigued, faint-hearted,
faded, faltering, half-hearted,
irresolute, purposeless, timid,
ill-defined, indistinct; unener-
getic ; obscure, inconspicuous.
ANT. Prominent, marked,
glaring ; resolute, sturdy, vigor-
ous, strong, fresh, hearty, dar-
ing, energetic; clear, brilliant,
bright, conspicuous.
[ 113
[fal
Fair. Spotless, unspotted, un-
blemished, unstained, untar-
nished; white, light, blond;
handsome, comely, beautiful ;
pleasant, clear, cloudless, un-
clouded; favorable, prosperous;
promising, hopeful; open, dis-
tinct, plain, unobstructed, un-
encumbered; frank, honest, in-
genuous, candid, noble, honor-
able, upright, impartial ; rea-
sonable, proper, equitable, just ;
passable, tolerable, above medi-
ocrity; serene.
ANT. Lowering, dull, foul,
ugly, disfigured, fraudulent, un-
fair, dishonorable.
Faith. Creed, doctrine, assur-
ance, belief, confidence, assent,
credence, opinion, trust, credit,
reliance.
ANT. Distrust, disbelief, dis-
sent, doubt, incredulity, infidel-
ity, misgiving, skepticism, un-
belief, suspicion, rejection.
Faithful. Firm, loyal, devoted,
stanch, sure, true, trustworthy,
trusty, unwavering, incorrupt-
ible; attached; accurate, close,
consistent, correspondent, ex-
act, equivalent.
ANT. Inaccurate, inexact;
faithless, false, fickle, untrue,
wavering, untrustworthy, ca-
pricious.
Fall. Drop, descend, sink ; lapse,
droop, gravitate fall down, be
;
prostrated; be lowered, be de-
pressed; decrease, decline, be
diminished, die away, sin, err,
transgress, trip, trespass; die,
perish; empty, be discharged,
flow; happen, befall, come; be-
come, get; pass, be transferred;
be dropped, be uttered care-
lessly.
ANT. Rise, soar, mount, re-
cover, climb, ascend.
Fallacy. Illusion, deception, de-
ceit, delusion, mistake, misap-
]
fal] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
prehension, error, misconcep-
tion; sophism, sophistry, para-
logism, deceitful argument.
ANT. Truth, logic, proof, pos-
tulate, argument, verity, fact,
axiom, soundness.
Fallible. Erring, uncertain, ig-
norant, weak, frail, imperfect.
ANT. Certain, infallible, un-
erring, omniscient.
Fallow. Pale red or pale yellow ;
untilled, unsowed, neglected ;
inert, inactive, dormant; quies-
cent, idle, uncultivated, unpro-
ductive.
ANT. Cultivated, tilled, pro-
ductive, worked, sown, prolific,
operative, fruitful.
False. Untrue, mendacious, un-
veracious, lying; dishonest,
perfidious, treacherous, faith-
less, disloyal, dishonorable, dis-
ingenuous, double-tongued,
false-hearted, double-faced, two-
faced; untrustworthy, untruth-
ful, unreliable, truthless; spu-
rious, counterfeit, forged, not
genuine, feigned, sham, hypo-
critical, make-believe incor-
;
rect, improper, erroneous, un-
founded, wrong; fallacious, de-
ceptive, deceiving, deceitful, de-
lusive, misleading, disappoint-
ing; sophistical, mock, bogus,
fabricated, unfaithful.
ANT. True, sound, correct,
authentic, real, genuine, candid,
conclusive, honorable, faithful.
Falsehood. Falsity, lie, fabrica-
tion, untruth, fiction, fib; im-
posture, counterfeit, cheat; fal-
lacy, error, sophistry, forgery,
deception.
ANT. Truth, verity, correct-
ness, fact, genuineness, honesty,
honor, reality, authenticity.
Falsify. Misrepresent, counter-
feit, belie, misstate, garble; dis-
prove, show unsound; violate;
mistake, misinterpret, betray.
t H4
[fan
ANT. Verify, rectify, correct,
check, certify, justify, expose,
declare, exhibit, publish.
Falter. Hesitate, stutter, stam-
mer; fail, quiver, tremble, tot-
ter; waver, be undecided, show
weakness; halt, slip, dubitate,
demur, flinch, vacillate.
ANT. Proceed, speed, flow,
run, discourse, determine, per-
severe, resolve.
Fame. Celebrity, honor, laurels,
distinction, notoriety, renown,
reputation, repute, glory, emi-
nence, credit; report, tidings,
rumor, bruit, news.
ANT. Silence, suppression,
hush; dishonor, discredit, hu-
miliation, infamy, shame, ob-
scurity, contempt, contumely,
disgrace, disrepute, ignominy,
oblivion.
Familiar. Conversant, well-ac-
quainted, well-versed; intimate,
close, near, friendly, fraternal,
cordial, amicable; social, acces-
sible, sociable, affable, kindly,
courteous, civil, companionable,
conversible ; unceremonious, un-
constrained, free, easy, infor-
mal ; well-known ; household,
frank, everyday, accustomed.
ANT. Uncommon, rare, ex-
traordinary, strange, unaccus-
tomed, unacquainted, new, un~
familiar, inconversant.
Famous. Celebrated, renowned,
distinguished, remarkable, far-
famed, eminent, noted, illustri-
ous, glorious.
ANT. Unknown, unsung, in*
glorious, obscure, forgotten.
Fanatic. Enthusiast, zealot, vi-
sionary, bigot.
ANT. Skeptic, unbeliever,
cynic.
Fanaticism. Intolerance, super-
stition, bigotry, credulity; en-
thusiasm, frenzy.
ANT. Skepticism, cynicism,
2
fan] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
indifference, free-thinking, lati-
tudinarianism : disbelief, pro-
fanity; disrt. (;t;i'd, coldness.
Fanciful. Fantastic, grotesque,
visionary, imaginative, chimer-
ical unreal, eccentric, quaint,
; ness, strangeness, eccentricity.
imaginary, freakish, erroneous,
humorsome, capricious, fitful,
erratic, whimsical, absurd.
ANT. Ordinary, usual, regu-
lar, commonplace, real, accu-
rate, literal, prosaic, reason-
able, sensible, solid, sure, true,
sound, calculable, calculated;
natural, sober, truthful, cor-
rect.
Fancy. Imagination, whim, va-
gary, caprice, belief, conceit,
conception, desire, humor, idea,
image, inclination, mood, lik-
ing, predilection, supposition;
thought, notion.
ANT. Certainty, fact, real-
ity, truth, verity,actuality; ob-
ject, subject, thought, law, or-
der; aversion, horror.
Farcical. Droll, absurd, ridicu-
lous, ludicrous; comic, funny,
nonsensical, pantomimic.
ANT. Grave, serious, tragic,
solemn, dismal, ghastly, fune-
real.
Fare. Go, travel, journey, pass;
prosper, be treated, prove, hap-
pen, turn out, be situated; be
entertained, feed; live, speed,
do.
ANT. Toil, fa-st, fail, droop,
sink, faint, drop, falter, halt.
Farewell. Adieu, good-by, vale-
dictory, leave-taking, conge", de-
parture, parting.
ANT. Salutation, welcome,
greeting.
Fashion. Form, shape, figure,
cut, make, model, cast, mold,
pattern, appearance, configura-
tion, conformation; way, man-
ner, sort, method; usage, cus-
tom, style, mode, conventional-
[fat
ity; gentility; guise, charac-
ceremony.
ter, practice,
A>"T. Person, work, speech,
dress; derangement, formless-
ness, shapelessness ; outlandish-
Fast, a. Fixed, fastened, close,
tight; firm, immovable; stead-
fast, constant, stanch; fortified,
strong, impregnable; profound,
sound, deep; swift, quick, fleet,
rapid; wild, reckless, thriftless,
dissipated, thoughtless, extrav-
agant; secure, stable, unyield-
ing, unswerving; accelerated;
gaj-
ANT. Insecure, loose, slow,
tardy, steady, sober, virtuous.
Fasten. Secure, bind, tie, attach ;
join, unite, connect, hold to-
gether; hold compact, affix, an-
nex, grapple, fix.
ANT. Undo, loose, sever, re-
lax, remove, unfasten, detach.
Fastidious. Dainty, squeamish,
difficult, over nice, overdelicate,
queasy, critical overrefined,
;
censorious, particular, punctil-
ious.
ANT. Indulgent, uncritical,
easy; coarse ; omnivorous.
Fat. Unctuous, greasy, fatty,
oily; plump, fleshy, obese, cor-
pulent, portly, pursy; coarse,
heavy, dull, sluggish, stupid;
rich, profitable, lucrative; pro-
ductive, fertile, fruitful; luxu-
riant, brawny; stout; oleagin-
ous.
ANT. Lean, slender, attenu-
ated, emaciated, barren, poor,
scant; marrowless; anatomical.
Fatal. Deadly, mortal, lethal;
destructive, calamitous, baleful,
ruinous, mischievous, baneful,
pernicious ;
fateful.
ANT. Beneficial, wholesome,
vitalizing, restorative, salubri-
ous, nutritious, slight, super-
ficial, harmless.
fat] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [faw

Fate. Destiny, destination, in- fect; blamable, blameworthy,

evitable necessity, fatality ; lot, culpable, reprehensible.
doom, predetermined event; de- ANT. Correct, complete, per-
struction, death ; final event, fect, accurate; irreproachable,
ultimate destruction; fortune, blameless, unassailable.
end. Favor, n. Kindness, grace, coun-
ANT. Will, choice, decision, tenance, friendliness, good will;
independence, freedom. benefit, good deed, friendly
Fathom, v. Sound ; divine, pene- turn ; patronage, champion-
trate, reach, comprehend, under- ship, support; letter, communi-
stand; gage, pierce, measure, cation, epistle; gift, present;
probe. decoration, knot, rosette; per-
ANT. Survey, glance, scan, mission, leave, pardon; advan-
miss, skin, graze, overlook. tage, preference, boon; conces-
Fathomless. Bottomless, pro- sion, predilection, civility, re-
found, abysmal. gard, condescension.
ANT. Superficial, shallow, ANT. Refusal, denial, prohi~
skin-deep. bition, disfavor, withholding,
Fatigue, Weariness, exhaus-
n. withdrawal, frown, disapproval,
tion, lassitude ; labor, hardship, injury, discountenance.
toil; languor, enervation. Favor, v. Befriend, countenance,
ANT. Freshness, vigor, inde- patronize, encourage; approve,
fatigability, activity. regard with favor; facilitate,
Fatigue, v. Harass, weary, tire, be propitious to; support, help,
jade, exhaust, fag. aid, assist; humor, indulge, ex-
ANT. Inspirit, refresh, en- tenuate, palliate, ease, spare;
liven, animate. resemble, look like.
Fatuity. Foolishness, imbecil- ANT. Refuse, deny, disap-
ity, idiocy; folly, madness, ab- prove, withdraw, withhold, pro-
surdity, infatuation. hibit, discountenance, injure,
ANT. Wisdom, sense, sound- harm.
ness, sobriety, discernment. Favorable. Kind, friendly, pro-
Fault. Defect, blemish, imper- pitious, auspicious;
willing,
fection, flaw, weakness, failing, conducive, contributing bene- ;

frailty; misdeed, misdemeanor, ficial, advantageous, conveni-

offense, trespass, wrong, trans- ent, suitable, fit; permissive,
gression, delinquency, indiscre- indulgent, concessive, partial,
tion; slip, error, lapse; failure, fond, liberal.
omission, want, drawback. ANT. Reluctant, unpropi-
ANT. Perfection, sufficiency, tious, unfavorable, impartial.
correctness, completeness. Favorite. Dear, beloved, pet,
Faultless. Without blemish, per- darling.
fect innocent, guileless, blame-
; Favoritism. Partiality, invidi-
less, sinless, spotless, immacu- ousness.
late, guiltless, stainless; com- ANT. Odium, prejudice; im-
plete, correct, accurate. partiality.
ANT. Incomplete, imperfect, Fawn upon. Flatter, wheedle,
incorrect, defective, inaccurate, cajole, cringe, palaver, sla-
corrupt, faulty, erroneous. ver.
Faulty. Bad, defective, imper- ANT. Insult, deride, defy, cen-

[ 116 ]
fea] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
sure, dare, satirize, rebuke, rep-
rimand.
Fealty. Homage, loyalty,
giance ; fidelity, faithfulness,
honor, good faith, devotion.
ANT. Disloyalty, treachery,
infidelity, disaffection,
dishonor.
Pear. Dismay, alarm, horror,
awe, apprehension, dread, ter-
ror, fright, panic, tremor, tim-
idity, trepidation, trembling,
affright, consternation, disquie-
tude, misgiving, anxiety, solici-
tude, concern; veneration, rev-
erence.
ANT. Courage, confidence,
assurance, fearlessness; trust,
boldness; fortitude.
Fearful. Afraid, apprehensive;
timid, nervous, timorous, faint-
hearted, cowardly; dreadful,
terrible, frightful, dire;
shocking, terrific, horrible; hes-
itating.
ANT. Venturesome,
cious, bold, confident, consola-
tory, inspiriting, assuring; at-
tractive, alluring, hopeful, in-
viting.
Feasible. Manageable, possible,
permissible, practicable, con-
trivable.
ANT. Impossible, unallow-
able, impracticable.
Feast. Treat, banquet, regale-
ment, entertainment, carousal
festival, holiday; delight,
joyment.
ANT. Starvation, scarcity,
want, lack, bareness, scantiness.
Featly. Neatly, cleverly, dex-
terously, adroitly.
ANT. Clumsily, bunglingly,
hardly.
Feature. Lineament, cast of the
face; fashion, make, aspect, ap-
pearance, conformation promi- ;
nent part, outline; characteris-
tic, trait, point, mark, item,
[fee
component, element, indication,
portion, sign.
alle- ANT. Whole, system, coun-
tenance; arrangement, case;
misindication, misinformation,
falsification; blind, mask, dis-
shame, guise; excrescence.
Federation. Uniting, federating,
confederation, union, league,
allying, alliance, coalition, fed-
eral compact, confederacy, com-
bination.
ANT. Secession, disunion, te-
dition, mutiny, disruption.
Fee. Pay, reward, recompense,
compensation, remuneration;
feud, fief, fee-simple, uncondi-
tional tenure.
Feeble. Weak, not strong, ener-
vated, debilitated, infirm, lan-
guid, sickly, languishing, de-
clining, frail, drooping; faint,
awful; imperfect, dim; without vigor,
lacking intensity; wretched,
poor, dull, forceless, puny, en-
auda- feebled, nerveless ; incomplete,
vain, fruitless ; scanty, pitiable.
ANT. Strong, robust, active,
successful, effective; abundant;
powerful, muscular; forcible,
cogent, telling; violent, vehe-
ment, ardent; lusty, hale, vig-
orous, hearty.
Feed. Give food to, supply, con-
tribute to, provide for; nour-
ish, cherish, sustain; eat, take
; food, take nourishment; sustain
en- life, subsist.
ANT. Starve, refuse, deny,
withhold, take away ; impover-
ish, steal from; diet, abstain,
refrain.
Feel. Perceive, have feeling; be
perceived be moved, be excited,
;
be stirred, be wrought up, be
impressed; touch, handle; ex-
perience, suffer, or enjoy; be
affected by, be moved by prove,
;
sound, try, put to the "test.
ANT. Be hard or callous, in-
t 117 ]
fee] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fer

sensate, apathetic, dull, numb, low; hem; demolish, subvert,

imperceivable, indifferent, un- waste, bare.
susceptible, or stoical. ANT. Plant, erect, support ;
Feeling. Sense of touch; sensa- stock, upraise, rear, propagate.
tion, perception by touch; sen- Fellow. Associate, companion,
sibility, emotion, sentiment, af- comrade; equal, peer, compeer;
fection, passion, impression ; mate, match, counterpart; ad-
tenderness, susceptibility; con- herent, colleague, member; cor-
tact ; pathos ; consciousness, relative, tally; partner, friend.
sensitiveness. ANT. Foe, opponent, antago-
ANT. Callousness, insensibil- nist, stranger, mismatch, oppo-
ity, imperturbability, inexcita- site.
bility, coldness, insensateness. Fellowship. Companionship, fa-
feign. Invent, imagine, devise, miliarity, intimacy, brother-
forge, fabricate ; counterfeit, af- hood, acquaintance; participa-
fect, assume, simulate, pretend tion, partnership, joint inter-
to. est; converse, intercourse, com-
ANT. Detect, test, unmask, munion; sociability, affability,
refute, verify, substantiate. kindliness ;association, com-
Felicitous. Fit, appropriate, apt, pany; membership, society.
pertinent, seasonable, oppor- ANT. Severance, disconnec-
tune, well-timed, happy, skil- tion, dismemberment; non-in-
ful, ingenious; prosperous, suc- tercourse.
cessful, fortunate, lucky, auspi- Felonious. Malignant, malign,
cious, propitious; timely, joy- malicious, nefarious, infamous,
ous. heinous, atrocious, cruel, felon ;
ANT. Unhappy, unfortunate, perfidious, traitorous, disloyal,
inauspicious, untimely, inop- base.
portune, disastrous, sad. ANT. Legal, constitutional,
Felicity. Bliss, blessedness, hap- rightful, regular ; legitimate, le-
piness; aptness, aptitude, fit- galized; permissible, allowable;
ness, propriety, felicitousness, just, proper.
suitableness; success, luck, for- Feminine. Female, womanish,
tune. womanly, effeminate; delicate,
ANT. Ill luck, "bad fortune, tender, modest, soft.
sorrow, unhappiness, disaster, ANT. Robust, manly; indeli-
misfortune; sadness, mourning, cate, unfeminine; rough, rude;
melancholy. masculine.
Fell, a. Inhuman, cruel, barba- Fen. Marsh, swamp, bog, moor,
rous, relentless, ruthless, im- morass, quagmire.
placable, unrelenting, pitiless, Fence, v. Enclose, guard, fortify,
malignant, malicious, malign, defend, circumscribe, protect;
savage, ferocious, bloody, blood- elude, parry, stave.
thirsty; direful, merciless, re- ANT. Open, disenclose; re-
morseless, fierce, truculent. ceive, catch, suffer.
ANT. -Generous, chivalrous, Ferment, n. Yeast, leaven, fer-
lenient, humane, propitious. mentation agitation, commo-
;

Fell, v. Prostrate, level, bring to tion, tumult; fever, heat, glow.

the ground, hurl down, knock Ferment, v. Set in fermentation ;
down; cut down, hew down, lay excite, agitate, heat; seethe,
fer] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
concoct, brew; warm, chafe; ef-
fervesce, rankle, fester.
ANT. Damp, cool; dissipate;
subside, evaporate, disperse;
heal.
Fertile. Prolific, fecund, breed-
ing, bearing; fruitful, produc-
tive, rich, plenteous, luxuriant,
exuberant, teeming; causative,
conducive; pregnant; fraught,
ingenious, inventive.
ANT. Poor, sterile, barren,
unproductive, ineffective, incon-
dueive, fruitless, inoperative,
un inventive, unimaginative.
Festive. Convivial, jovial, joy-
ous, gay, merry, mirthful, fes-
tival.
ANT. Solitary, deserted, as-
cetic, gloomy.
Fetid. Stinking, offensive, rank,
rancid, malodorous, mephitic,
noisome, foul, strong-smelling,
corrupt.
ANT. Inodorous, fresh, per-
fumed, scented, balmy.
Fetter, n. Chains, bondage, cus-
tody, durance, duress, manacles,
irons, shackles, imprisonment,
handcuffs, gyves, bonds.
Fetter, v. Shackle, clog, hamper,
trammel; chain, bind, tie, con-
fine, restrain, encumber; man-
acle, hinder, impede.
ANT. Free, liberate, acceler-
ate, expedite.
Feud. Contest, controversy, dis-
pute, enmity, hostility, quar-
rel, strife, dissension, affray,
animosity, bitterness, broil, con-
tention, brawl, fray antipathy.
;
ANT. Friendliness, congeni-
ality, sympathy, clanship, paci-
fication, reconciliation, social-
ity, neighbor lines s. Field. Tract of land battle-field,
Fever. Heat, flush, excitement,
agitation, ferment; ardor, fer-
vor, broil, passion.
ANT. Coolness, iciness, fri-
gidity; composure, indifference.
[fie
Few. Not many, small in num-
ber, hardly any, scarcely any;
scant, rare, lacking.
ANT. Many, abundant, nu-
merous.
Fiber. Strength, sinews, thews,
toughness; thread, staple, pile,
filament.
ANT. Laxity, debility, flab-
biness.
Fickle. Wavering, unsteady, un-
stable, inconstant, variable, vac-
illating, volatile, mercurial, fit-
ful, changeable, irresolute, un-
settled, capricious, fanciful, un-
reliable, mutable; veering, rest-
less, shifting.
ANT. Sober, orderly, reliable,
calculable, well-regulated, uni-
form, steady, trustworthy.
Fiction. Fable, falsehood, myth,
invention, novel, romance, fig-
ment, story, fabrication, legend,
allegory, apologue ; creation.
ANT. History, fact, literal-
ness, reality, truth, verity, cer-
tainty.
Fictitious. Feigned, imaginary,
invented, unreal, purely ideal,
fanciful ; false, counterfeit, spu-
rious, supposititious.
ANT. Real, true, historical,
genuine, authentic, veritable.
Fidelity. Faithfulness, devoted-
ness, devotion, truth, loyalty,
true-heartedness, fealty, adher-
ence to duty; accuracy, close-
ness, exactness, truthfulness,
precision, attachment, honesty,
allegiance, integrity.
ANT. Disloyalty, treachery,
untruthfulness, disaffection, in-
accuracy, infidelity, inexact-
ness.
;
scene of war; surface, expanse,
range, scope; province, depart-
ment, region, realm, domain;
ground, arena; room, opportu-
nity.
fie] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fin

ANT. Circumscription, con- ANT. Misrepresentation, de-

straint; interdiction, exclusion, formity, disfigurement.
debarment. Figure, v. Adorn, variegate, di-
fierce. Ravenous, infuriate, bar- versify represent, signify, typ-
;

barous, fell; vehement, turbu- ify, symbolize imagine, image,

;

lent, passionate, uncurbed, un- conceive, picture, represent;

tamed, raging; furious, savage, calculate, compute, cipher; ap-
ferocious, fiery, violent, wild, pear, act, perform; show off,
impetuous ; uncultivated, un- cut a dash.
trained. ANT. Disfigure, harm, de-
ANT. Gentle, harmless, kind, stray; miscalculate, mistake.
patient, submissive, sweet, ten- File. Rasp, smooth, finish; plaea
der, docile, affectionate, mild, on file; polish; perfect, refine,
peaceful, tame; calm. improve.
Fiery. Hot, ardent, heated, fer- ANT. Roughen, jag, acumi-
vid, flaming, glowing; impetu- nate, denticulate, barb, notch,
ous, vehement, fierce, passion- cusp.
ate, impassioned; irascible, Fill. Make full, fill up ; pervade,
choleric, excited, enkindled, hot- occupy; dilate, expand, stretch,
blooded, irritable. distend; store, supply, furnish,
ANT. Cold, icy, frigid, chilly; replenish, stock; satisfy, con-
indifferent, phlegmatic, pas- tent, sate, satiate, cloy, pall;
sionless, unimpassioned, mild, occupy, hold, fulfil, perform;
tame; extinguished, quenched. become full, be filled; gorge, ap-
Fight, n. Combat, conflict, con- point, glut; stuff; rise; swell,
test, battle, struggle, engage- grow, increase.
ment, encounter, action, affair, ANT. Exhaust, drain, dtt-
fray, affray, brush; broil, riot; satisfy, deprive, stint, vacate;
spirit, fighting temper; resis- misappoint ; subside, ebb, evap-
tance, disposition to struggle, orate, shrink, diminish.
contention. Filter. Strain, ooze, percolate,
ANT. Pacification, reconcili- exude, transude; refine, distil,
ation. leak; purify, cleanse, depurate,
Figurative. Typical, representa- defecate, clarify.
tive, emblematical; metaphori- ANT. Muddle, disturb, be-
cal, tropical ; flowery, florid, or- foul, thicken.
nate; poetical, rhetorical, sym- Filthy. Dirty, nasty, foul, defiled,
bolical. unclean, squalid impure, cor-
;

ANT. Literal, prosaic, unpo- rupt, gross; dingy, unsanitary,

etical, unmetaphorical. unwholesome.
Figure, n. Form, shape, config- ANT. Pure, sweet, healthy,
uration, conformation, outline; clean, sanitary, wholesome.
image, likeness, representation, Final. Latest, last, eventual, ul-
^gy 5 appearance pattern,
;
timate ; decisive, conclusive, de-
design; metaphor, trope; dia- finitive; terminal; definite, de-
gram, drawing; price; symbol, veloped.
type, emblem; digit, number, ANT. Initiative, open, pro-
numeral, character; aspect, de- gressive, continuous, incipient,
lineation, condition, illustra- current, unconeluded, inchoate,
tion. inaugural, nascent, rudimental.
[ 120 ]
fin] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Find. Discover, fall upon, light
upon, meet; obtain, get, pro-
cure, gain, arrive at, attain
to; observe, remark, perceive,
notice, discover ; detect, catch ; complete, perform, achieve, do,
supply, furnish, provide, contri-
bute; determine judicially, de-
clare by verdict; confront, as-
certain, experience, invent.
ANT. Withdraw; miss, lose,
elude, withhold, overlook, mis-
contrive.
Fine, n. Forfeit, penalty, for-
feiture, mulct, amercement.
Fine, a. Minute, small, commi-
nuted, little
slender, capillary,
;
delicate; thin, tenuous, subtile,
attenuated; light, keen, sharp;
exquisite, nice, refined; excel-
lent, superior, very good; bril-
liant, accomplished; beautiful,
handsome, splendid, elegant;
clear, pure, unadulterated; gay,
showy, garish, flashy, filmy, ar-
tistic, choice, finished, high,
grand, noble, generous, honor-
able, pretentious, pretty, os-
tentatious; presumptuous, cas-
uistical.
ANT. Rough, mean, petty,
unfinished; illiberal, unimpos-
ing, paltry ; modest, unaffected,
affable; plain-spoken, categori-
cal; unanaliitical, unreflective ;
coarse, great, heavy, huge, im-
mense, large, rude, stout, thick,
blunt, big, clumsy.
Finery. Gewgaws, trinkets, or-
naments, trimmings, tawdri-
ness, decorations, trappings, be-
dizenment, tinsel, trash, dressi-
ness.
ANT. Ornament, dress, deco-
ration, adornment; chasteness,
sobriety, simplicity.
Finical. Fastidious, dainty, over-
particular, squeamish, overnice,
affected, elegant; dandyish, fop-
pish, spruce.
ANT. Effective, unaffected,
[ 121
[fit
practical, energetic, real, genu-
ine, natural; outspoken, blunt,
coarse, rude.
Finish, v. Accomplish, execute,
get done; perfect, polish, elab-
orate; end, terminate, close,
conclude, put an end to ; shape.
ANT. commence, be-
Start,
gin; undertake; miscon-
fail,
trive, botch, mar, mismanage.
Finished. Perfect, artistic, re-
fined, high.
ANT. Inartistic, incomplete,
poor, rude, coarse, unfinished.
Finite. Bounded, limited, con-
ditioned, contracted, restricted
terminated.
ANT. Infinite, unlimited, un-
bounded.
Fire. Blaze, burning, conflagra-
tion, flame, combustion; dis-
charge ; heat, ardor, fervor, vio-
lence, force, passion, impetuos-
ity, fervency, intensity, anima-
tion, vigor, spirit, enthusiasm;
light, luster, radiance, splen-
dor; vivacity, inspiration, im-
agination ; torture, affliction,
trouble, bitter trial, persecu-
tion.
First. Foremost, leading; chief,
highest, principal, capital; ele-
mentary, primary, rudimen-
tary; earliest; primitive, pri-
meval, pristine in the first
;
place, at the outset, in the be-
ginning, first and foremost;
original, onmost.
ANT. Subsequent, secondary,
subordinate, subservient, low-
est, unimportant, last, hind-
most.
Fit, a. Competent, fitted, quali-
fied suitable, appropriate, apt,
;
apposite, meet, seemly, becom-
ing, befitting, proper, good, de-
cent, convenient, fitting, deco-
rous, adapted, congruous, pe-
culiar, particular, prepared, ad-
]
fit] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
equate, calculated, ripe, right,
contrived, expedient.
ANT. Awkward, misfitting,
ungainly, ill-suited, inappropri-
ate, unseemly, unprepared, un-
suitable, inadequate, miscalcu-
lated, miscontrived, improper,
unfit, inexpedient.
Fitful. Variable, irregular, im-
pulsive, spasmodic, unstable,
fickle, whimsical, fanciful, ca-
pricious, fantastic, humorsome.
odd; eventful, checkered; rest-
less, inconstant, mutable, desul-
tory, unequal.
ANT. Regular, equable, or-
derly, systematic, calculable.
Fix. Set, place, establish, plant,
fasten, make firm; attach, tie,
connect; determine, define, ap-
point, limit, settle; rivet, direct
steadily, adjust; solidify, con-
solidate; link, locate, root, se-
cure; decide.
ANT. Displace, unsettle, re-
move, disarrange, uproot, trans-
plant, transfer, weaken, shake,
disestablish, reverse, disturb,
change, unfix.
Flaccid. Limber, lax, drooping,
flabby, soft, limp, yielding, re-
laxed, inelastic, pendulous.
ANT. Firm, braced, plump,
muscular, chubby, brawny, vig-
orous, strong, powerful.
Flag, n. Flagstone; streamer,
banner, colors, standard, pen-
non, pennant, ensign, gon-
falon.
Flag, v. Hang loose, droop ;
lan-
guish, faint, decline, pine, sink,
succumb, grow weak, become
dejected; pall, grow stale, lose
interest, weary, tire; give in.
ANT. Freshen, flourish; per-
severe, hold, brace up, struggle,
persist, battle, recruit, recover.
Flagitious. Atrocious, heinous,
flagrant, scandalous, villainous,
corrupt, abandoned, profligate;
[ 122
[fit
enormous, monstrous, disgrace-
ful, nefarious, aggravated.
ANT. Creditable, honorable,
noble, meritorious, justifiable,
distinguished, extenuated, ex-
cusable, pardonable.
Flaring. Flaming, glaring, con-
spicuous, bright, gaudy, over-
colored, flaunting, flashy, os-
tentatious, showy, tawdry.
ANT. Subdued, toned, har-
monized, dull, dim, dingy, neu-
tral, dowdy, colorless.
Flat, a. Level, horizontal; even,
plane, smooth; low, prostrate,
laid low; dull, lifeless, spirit-
less, unanimated, frigid, tame,
prosaic, uninteresting; point-
less; vapid, tasteless, insipid,
stale, dead, jejune ; peremptory,
absolute, positive; downright,
mawkish.
ANT. Animated, exciting, in-
teresting, thrilling, sensational,
emotional, melodramatic.
Flaunt. Wave ostentatiously, in-
solently, brazenly, or boldly;
display, vaunt, flourish, toss,
disport, boast; flout, flounce,
flutter, parade, figure.
ANT. Conceal, suppress, re-
tire, skulk, recede, hide, shrivel,
collapse, furl.
Flavor. Taste, savor, relish,
zest, smack, gusto; aroma, es-
sence, subtle quality, spirit,
soul; odor.
ANT. Insipidity, tasteless-
ness, inodorousness, mawkish'
ness, scentlessness, flatness.
Flexible. Pliable, pliant, lim-
ber, lithe, supple, crooked; af-
fable, tractable, compliant, doc-
ile, gentle; elastic; easy, indul-
gent, ductile, flexile, yielding.
ANT. Tough, rigid, inelastic,
hard, inflexible, inexorable.
Flicker. Quiver, flutter, falter,
waver, glimmer, bicker, shim-
mer, scintillate.
fll] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [flo

ANT. Stream, "blaze, beam, arate, segregate, distribute,

shine, gleam.
Plight. Flying, soaring, volita-
tion, mounting, fleeing, depart-
ure; flock; .olley, shower; es-
cape, evasion, disappearance ;
stampede, hegira, exodus.
ANT. Recurrence, return, re-
appearance; repose, perching,
alighting.
Flimsy. Gauzy, poor, transpar-
ent, thin; trifling, trivial,
ane, puerile ; weak, shallow, su-
perficial, slight, unsubstantial ;
feeble, frivolous, foolish, light,
trashy.
ANT. Solid, sound, irrefrag-
able, cogent, substantial.
Flinch. Wince, swerve, recoil,
blench, shrink, draw back.
ANT. Dare, face, bare, meet,
endure, challenge, defy.
Fling. Throw, cast, toss, hurl,
dart, pitch, chuck; prostrate,
overthrow, throw down; wince,
flounce; jeer, sneer, gibe, scoff,
flaunt, taunt; emit, ejaculate.
ANT. Snatch, grasp, hold,
keep, retain, arrest, catch.
Flippant. Fluent, voluble, glib,
talkative, nimble of speech ; im-
pertinent, pert, malapert, for-
ward, bold; superficial, saucy,
thoughtless.
ANT. Servile, considerate,
obsequious, flattering, deferen-
tial; accurate; complimentary,
respectful.
Float. Waft, swim, be buoyed
up; bear up, buoy up; spread,
prevail.
ANT. Sink, drown, die, van-
ish, founder.
Flock, n. Brood, bevy, herd, lot,
group, pack, swarm, set, hatch,
drove, covey, litter; collection,
company, congregation.
Flock, v. Herd, congregate, as-
gemble, throng, crowd, troop.
rout.
Flood, n.
Deluge, abundance, in-
undation, overflow, freshet;
downrush, multitude.
ANT. Drought, drain, ebb,
scarcity, subsidence.
Florid. Flowery; flushed, rubi-
cund; ornate, rhetorical, figura-
tive,embellished; overwrought,
sanguine, meretricious.
in- ANT. Pallid, exsanguine;
bloodless, anemic, unadorned,
bare, sober, nude, chaste.
Flounder. Struggle, toss, wal-
low, tumble, flounce; roll, blun-
der, bungle.
ANT. Emerge, course, career,
speed, rise, skim, flourish.
Flourish. Thrive, grow; pros-
per, succeed, be successful; va-
por, boast, brag, vaunt, bluster,
show off; attain one's prime,
be in vigor; brandish, wave;
speed, triumph.
ANT. Fail, decline, fade, ar-
rest, founder, miscarry; sheath,
ground.
Flow. Stream, run, pour, roll on,
sweep along; melt, liquefy, be
molten; issue, emanate, pro-
ceed, come, grow, arise, follow,
spring, result; glide, wave, un-
dulate, float, waver, abound, be
full, flood, deluge,overflow; ca-
reer, progress, course.
ANT. Halt, stick, stop, hesi-
tate, fail, stickle, stint, beat,
recoil, ebb, regurgitate; stag-
nate.
Flower, n. Blossom, bloom ; best
part; prime, vigor; figure, ex-
pression; perfection, acme, or-
nament, pride, gem, cream.
ANT. Deformity, disappoint-
ment, blot, abortion; blight;
scum; dregs.
Flowing. Running; fluent, copi-
ous, smooth abundant, exuber-
;

ANT. Disperse, scatter, sep- ant, easy, eloquent.

[ 123 ]
flu] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Dry, dribbling, meager,
strained, labored, difficult, un-
ready, forced.
Fluctuate. Veer, waver, swerve,
vacillate, vary, undulate, oscil-
late, hesitate.
ANT. Abide, adhere, persist,
stand fast, stay, stick, hold fast.
Fluctuation. Oscillation, un-
dulation, unsteadiness, varia-
tion, change, shifting, rise and
fall, inconstancy, hesitation,
wavering, vacillation.
ANT. Steadiness, firmness,
steadfastness, constancy, stabil-
ity, fixedness, stolidity; persis-
tence, perseverance, pertinacity,
obstinacy, tenacity.
Fluency. Smoothness, flowing
quality, liquidness copious-
;
ness, affluence, command of lan-
guage, readiness of speech.
ANT. Solidity, density, com-
pactness, hardness; difficulty,
sloicness; paucity.
Flurry, v. Excite, agitate, dis-
concert, confuse, disturb, per-
turb, hurry, ruffle, worry, flus-
ter.
ANT. Soothe, compose, quiet,
calm, mesmerize.
Flutter. Hover, flap, flirt palpi-
; practice; shadow.
tate, tremble flaunt fluctuate,
; ;
waver, oscillate, vacillate, be
inconstant, be unsteady; flit,
quiver, flicker.
ANT. Perch, roost, nestle,
.
settle, subside, collapse, rest, re-
pose, pause, sink, lull.
Flux. Flow, flowing; mutation,
change, shifting, transition; fu-
sion, melting; solvent; motion,
progression, substitution, trans-
mutation.
ANT. Stagnation, stillness,
identity, invariableness, immu-
tability, arrestation, crystalli-
sation.
Focus. Center; standpoint; con-
vergence, rendezvous, nucleus.
[ 124
[fol
ANT. Circle, dispersion, dv*
vergence, dissipation.
Foggy. Misty, hazy; confused,
dazed, bewildered, muddy, mud-
dled; absent, stupid, obscure.
ANT. Alert, alive, awake; lu-
cid, clear, bright; shrewd,
sharp.
Foible. Frailty, weakness, fail-
ing, defect, imperfection, in-
firmity, fault, weak point; pec-
cadillo.
ANT. Crime, atrocity, sin,
enormity.
Foil, n. Contrast, background,
set-off; rapier; enhancement,
setting; elucidation.
ANT. Eclipse, outshining, ex-
tinction, overshadowing.
Foist. Impose, thrust; falsify,
counterfeit, palm, pass.
ANT. Expose, detect, verify,
authenticate.
Fold, v. Double, enfold, enwrap,
envelop, wrap, embrace, enclose.
ANT. Unfold, expose, disen-
gage.
Follow. Attend, accompany, re-
sult, pursue, succeed, chase, go
after, come after, copy, ensue,
heed, imitate, observe, obey,
ANT. A void, elude, precede,
quit, disobey, cause, produce,
shun, abandon.
Follower. Pursuer ; attendant,
retainer, supporter, dependant,
companion, associate ; adher-
ent, disciple, pupil, partisan;
imitator, copier.
ANT. Leader, teacher, rival,
antagonist, opponent.
Folly. Foolishness, imbecility,
fatuity, stupidity, shallowness,
dulness; absurdity, extrava-
gance, infatuation, unwisdom,
imprudence, nonsense, indis-
cretion; slip, lapse, misstep;
madness, misconduct, silliness,
weakness.
]
fom] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Wisdom, sanity, sense,
prudence, judgment, sobriety.
Foment. Bathe; excite,
gate, stimulate, brew, encour-
age, promote, abet, stir up ; fan,
cherish, propagate.
ANT. Allay, extinguish, ex-
tirpate, quench, discourage.
Pond. Foolish, silly, weak, ab-
surd, empty, vain, senseless,
baseless ; doting, affectionate,
loving, attached, enamored, de-
voted.
ANT. Averse, unloving, un-
affectionate, strong-minded, ra-
tional, austere, sensible,
grounded, undemonstrative.
Fondle. Caress, coddle, blan-
dish, pet; dandle; spoil, in-
dulge.
ANT. Worry, annoy,
chafe, irritate, ruffle.
Fondness. Delusion, folly, silli-
ness, weakness, absurdity; ten-
derness, doting; liking, prefer-
ence, partiality, predilection,
affection; relish, appetite.
ANT. Repulsion, aversion,
dislike, antipathy; hatred, con-
tempt; harshness, brutality,
loathing.
F*od. Aliment, nourishment,
nutriment, nutrition, Viands,
sustenance, victuals, provender,
regimen, pabulum, rodder, diet,
forage, feed, fare; bread, meat,
provisions, cheer, commons, ra-
tions, subsistence.
Fool. Idiot, natural; dolt, wit-
ling, driveler, blockhead, sim-
pleton, dunce; buffoon, harle-
quin, droll, punch, antic, jester,
clown.
ANT. Wise man, adept,
pert, scholar, master.
Foolish. Senseless, idiotic, silly,
t weak, daft, simple, irrational,
B insensate, shallow, brainless,
witless; unwise, unreasonable,
absurd, ridiculous, preposter-
[fo*
ous, indiscreet, imprudent; pu-
erile, idle, trivial, trifling, con-
insti- temptible, vain, childish; inju-
dicious, objectionable, imbecile,
nonsensical crazed.
;
ANT. Sensible, sane, clear-
sighted, deep, strong-minded,
sound, sagacious, wise, prudent,
judicious, eligible, calculating,
advisable.
Footing. Foothold; foundation,
basis, groundwork;standing,
rank, grade, status, state, con-
dition ; settlement, establish-
ment; sum total.
well- ANT. Dislodgment, ousting,
unstableness.
Foppish. Dandyish, vain, cox-
combical, dressy, dandified.
ANT. Unassuming, modest,
tease, dowdy, unaffected, clownish,
slovenly.
Foray. Inroad, irruption, raid,
invasion, incursion; sally, esca-
pade, dragonade.
ANT. Flight, retreat, recall,
stampede, decampment.
Forbear. Abstain, avoid, with-
hold, refrain, forego; stop, de-
sist, pause, cease, stay, hold,
break off, give over; be toler-
ant, endure, be patient; shun,
decline; omit; spare, tolerate,
put up with.
ANT. Seek, indulge, gratify,
yield, grant,bestow; continue,
advance, progress; rebel, resist.
Forbidding. Repulsive, repel-
lent, unpleasant, odious, abhor-
rent, disagreeable, offensive;
deterrent, prohibitory.
ANT. Attractive, seductive,
permissive, alluring, encourag-
ex- ing.
Force, n. Strength, power, en-
ergy, might, vigor; efficacy, effi-
ciency, potency, validity, vir-
tue, cogency, agency; compul-
sion, violence, constraint, coer-
cion, enforcement; army, troop,
[ 125 3
for] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
legion, battalion, hcet, squad-
ron, phalanx; instrumentality,
dint, vehemence, pressure.
ANT. Weakness, feebleness,
inefficiency, counteraction, neu-
tralization, debility, inconclu-
siveness, pointlessness.
Pore, Anterior, preceding, an-
a.
tecedent, prior, previous, for-
mer, foregoing; front, face; ad-
vanced, leading, head, foremost,
first.
ANT.Posterior, subsequent,
following; rear, back, hindmost,
last.
Forefather. Progenitor, ances-
tor, father.
ANT. Descendants, progeny.
Forefend. Avert, prevent, ward
off, hinder, keep off, forbid;
stave, obviate.
ANT. Remedy, rectify, cure,
mend, redress.
Forego. Relinquish, resign, re-
nounce, surrender, cede, yield,
abandon, give up, part with, let
go; waive, drop, abjure.
ANT. Claim, assume, seise,
grasp, retain, vindicate.
Foreign. Alien, external, ex-
terior, outward, strange, exotic,
from abroad; extraneous, ex-
trinsic, adventitious, irrele-
vant; outlandish.
ANT. Domestic, congenial,
native, relative, germane.
Forerunner. Precursor, herald,
harbinger, foregoer, avant-cou-
rier; prelude; prognostic, sign,
omen, premonition; predeces-
sor.
ANT. Successor, follower;
postlude; fulfilment.
Foresee. Foreknow, forecast,
have prescience of; predict, an-
ticipate, foretell, forebode, di-
vine.
ANT. Remember, recollect,
recall, reflect.
ForetelL Prognosticate, fore-
[ 126
Tfor
show, foreshadow, betoken, por-
tend, augur, bode, forebode,
presage; predict, prophesy; pre-
indicate, forewarn.
ANT. Recite, narrate, detail;
recollect, remember.
Forethought. Foresight, antic-
ipation, precaution, forecast,
provision, prudence.
ANT. Delay, procrastina-
tion.
Forever. Always, perpetually,
eternally, everlastingly, ever,
endlessly, evermore, aye.
ANT. Never, at no time.
Forfeit, Forfeiture. Loss, fine,
mulct, amercement, confisca-
tion, penalty; damages.
ANT. Bribe, premium, dou-
ceur, compensation, gratuity,
reward, remuneration.
Forge. Beat, hammer out, fabri-
cate, frame, form; devise, in-
vent, coin; falsify, counterfeit;
work, produce, elaborate, feign,
make falsely, shape.
ANT. Shatter, batter, shiver,
blast, fuse, detect, expose; mis-
construe, misshape, misfabri-
cate; verify.
Forgery. Counterfeit; falsifica-
tion, fraudulent imitation.
ANT. Attestation, verifica-
tion, signature; genuineness.
Forget. Consign to oblivion,
overlook; slight, neglect, cease
to care for; unlearn, pretermit,
obliterate.
ANT. Acquire, learn, recol-
lect, remember, retain, treasure,
mind.
Forgetful. Apt to forget; negli-
gent, inattentive, careless, heed-
less, neglectful, mindless.
ANT. Attentive, retentive,
careful, mindful.
Forgetfulness. Aptness to for-
get; failure of memory; negli-
gence, inattention, carelessness,
heedlessness; oblivion.
]
for] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [for

ANT. Retentiveness, recol- Formalism. Rigidity, parade,

lection, recalling. ceremoniousness, pomposity, ex-
Forgotten. Unremembered, by- ternalism, punctilio.
gone, slighted, overlooked, ob- ANT. Simplicity, unaffected-
solete, neglected, disregarded. ness, unostentatiousness, un-
ANT. Remembered, present, ceremoniousness.
treasured, cherished, guarded, Formality. Custom, established
regarded. mode ; ceremony, etiquette, con-
Forlorn. Deserted, forsaken, sol- ventionality, mere form; pa-
itary, abandoned, lost, friend- rade, affectation, punctilious-
less; wretched, miserable, piti- ness, stateliness.
able, destitute, desolate; help- ANT. Informality; uncere-
less,comfortless, disconsolate, moniousness, unconventional-
wobegone ; hapless, luckless ; ity; originality.
lone, lonesome. Formation. Creation, produc-
ANT. Supported, cherished, tion; composition, constitu-
attended, protected, befriended, tion arrangement, disposal,
;

cheered. combination, disposition ; con-

Form, n. Shape, figure, configu- struction, shape, structure.
ration, mold, fashion, cast, cut ; Former. Anterior, antecedent,
mode, method, formula, formu- previous, prior, preceding, fore-
lary, ritual; manner, system, going; quondam, late, old-time;
sort, kind, order; regularity, past, bygone, foregone, previ-
arrangement; shapeliness, cere- ous ;first-named, first-men-
mony, formality, ceremonial ; tioned; earlier, ancient.
conventionality, etiquette; pat- ANT. Subsequent, succeed-
tern, model; mere appearance, ing, posterior, latter, modern,
empty show. coming, future.
Form, v. Shape, mold, fashion, Formidable. Terrible, redoubted,
constitute, arrange, frame, con- tremendous, dangerous; awful,
struct, contrive, conceive, make, alarming, terrifying, discour-
produce, create, devise, invent, aging, appalling, serious, hor-
compose, dispose, combine. rible, dreadful, fearful, shock-
ANT. Deform, dislocate, dis- ing.
tort, derange, disintegrate, dis- ANT. Light, trivial; feeble,
member, dissipate, disorganize, harmless, contemptible, poicer-
analyze. less, despicable, weak, help-
Formal. Express, explicit, posi- less.
tive, strict, official ; regular, set, Forthwith. Instantly, directly,
methodical, fixed, rigid, stiff; immediately, without delay, in-
ceremonious, precise, punctili- stantaneously.
ous, starched, prim, exact; es- ANT. Hereafter, soon, by-
sential, constitutive external
; ; and-by, presently.
complete, shapely, sufficient, af- Fortification. Fort, stronghold,
fected, correct, stately, digni- fortress, fastness, castle, cita-
fied, pompous. del; bulwark, fortified place.
ANT. Incomplete, irregular, Fortify. Protect, surround; re-
informal, incorrect, inadequate, inforce, brace, stiffen, strength-
easy, unassuming, unceremoni- en; confirm, corroborate; garri-
ous. son, intrench.

[ 127 ]
for] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Weaken, dismantle; in-
validate.
Fortitude. Endurance, heroism,
resolution, courage firmness,
; ANT. Retard, delay, prevent,
patience bravery
; calmness,
; hinder, frustrate.
resignation, hardihood, compo-
sure, stoicism.
ANT. Impatience, timidity,
flinching, irritation, faintness,
delicacy, effeminacy, womanish-
ness, childishness.
Fortuitous. Accidental, casual,
.contingent, chance, incidental,
undesigned.
ANT. Purposed, planned, de-
signed; anticipated, foreseen.
Fortunate. Favored, lucky, suc-
cessful, prosperous, happy, fe-
licitous, propitious, auspicious,
favorable, advantageous, provi-
dential.
ANT. Miserable, unhappy, un-
lucky, ill-starred, unfortunate,
wretched, woful, fallen, infeli-
citous, broke, crushed.
Fortune. Chance, accident, luck,
hap, casualty, fortuity; liveli-
hood; estate, substance, prop-
erty, possessions; wealth, afflu-
<ence, riches, opulence; destiny,
fate, destination, doom, star,
lot; issue, result, event; suc-
cess.
ANT. Design, purpose; mis-
fortune, ill luck, poverty; in-
ception, <iause, failure.
Forward, a. Onward, progres-
sive, advancing; front, fore, an-
terior; ready, prompt, eager,
willing, zealous, earnest; pre-
sumptuous, confident, bold, im-
pertinent, pert, assuming, flip-
pant; early, premature; obtru-
sive, anxious, self-assertive.
ANT. Tardy, reluctant, re-
tiring, backward, slow, modest,
indifferent.
Forward, v. Support, foster, ad-
vance, promote, further, encour-
age, aid, favor, help ; hasten, ac-
[ 128
tfra
celerate, quicken, speed, hurry,
despatch, expedite ; transmit,
send on, ship.
Foul. Impure, nasty, dirty, un-
clean, squalid, filthy, tarnished,
soiled, stained, polluted, sul-
lied; disgusting, loathsome, of-
fensive, noisome; dishonorable,
unfair, sinister, underhanded;
base, scandalous, infamous, vile,
wicked, dark, abominable, de-
testable, disgraceful, shameful ;
vulgar, coarse, low ; abusive, in-
sulting, scurrilous; thick, tur-
bid, muddy; stormy, cloudy,
rainy; entangled, tangled.
ANT. Pure, uncorrupt, un-
stained, undefiled, uncontami-
nated, unsullied, stainless, fair,
unspotted, spotless, unpolluted,
holy.
Found, v. Base, set, fix, place,
ground, rest; build, construct,
raise, erect ; establish, institute,
originate, plant, set up; cast,
mold; endow, root.
ANT. Uproot, subvert, sup-
plant, disestablish.
Foundation. Base, groundwork,
basis, bottom, footing; estab-
lishment, settlement; endow-
ment; institution, origin, rudi-
ments, ground, substratum, un-
derlying principle.
ANT. Disestablishment; su-
perstructure; demolition, ruin,
overthrow.
Founder. Originator, institutor,
establisher, planter; molder,
caster; author.
ANT. Subverter, destroyer.
Fountain. Spring, well, jet;
source, origin, original cause,
first principle.
Fraction. Part, portion, frag-
ment, piece, bit, scrap, section.
ANT. Whole, total, amount,
sum, aggregate.
 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Tractions. Cross, captious, petu- reserved; familiar, honest, out-
lant, testy, peevish, fretful, ir- spoken, easy, plain.
ritable, waspish, snappish; pet- ANT. Close, reserved; disin-
tish. genuous.
ANT. Good-humored, blithe- Frantic. Furious, raving, rag-
some, agreeable, complaisant, ing, mad, wild, infuriate, fren-
genial. zied, distracted; maniacal.
Fragile. Brittle, easily broken, ANT. Sane, sober, calm, col-
frangible; infirm, frail, weak, lected, cool, unruffled, composed.
feeble, delicate, slight. Fraternity. Association, jircle,
ANT. Tough, hardy, stout, society, company, brotherhood,
strong. sodality, league, clan; brother-
fragment. Remnant, fraction, liness.
scrap, chip, detached part, bit, Fraternize. Harmonize, sympa-
piece, morsel. concur associate
thize, consort, ;

ANT. Bulk, body, whole, with, cooperate with coalesce.

;

mass. ANT. Renounce, abjure, for-

Fragrance, Fragrancy. Redo- swear; ostracise.
lence, perfume, aroma, balmi- Fraud. Duplicity, deceit, decep-
ness, incense, grateful odor or tion, dishonesty, treason, arti-
smell, pleasant scent. fice, trick, cheat, imposture,
Fragrant. Aromatic, redolent, swindle, treachery, imposition.
spicy, balmy, odoriferous, per- ANT. Good faith, honesty,
fumed, sweet-scented, odorous, truth, uprightness, fairness, in-
sweet-smelling. tegrity.
ANT. Inodorous, scentless, Fraught. Filled, stored, laden,
fetid. freighted, charged, abounding,
Frail. Fragile, brittle, frangible ;
pregnant, big; loaded, teeming.
weak, feeble, infirm; irresolute, ANT. Devoid, divested, ex-
erring, mutable. empt, empty, wanting, poor,
ANT. Resolute, lasting, vir- scant.
tuous; tough, hardy, strong, Freakish. Whimsical, erratic,
stout. capricious, odd, fanciful, hu-
Frame, n. Framework, skeleton, morsome sportful, frisky, jok-
;

carcass, framing; form, struc- ing, mirthful.

ture, system, fabric, constitu- ANT. Sober, steady, demure,
tion, scheme; condition, state, unwhimsical, unfanciful, reli-
temper, mood. able, consistent, equable, uni-
jFrame, v. Construct, build, put form.
together; form, compose, make, Free, a. Independent, at liberty,
constitute invent, devise, plan,
; unrestrained; released, emanci-
contrive; fabricate, forge. pated, delivered, liberated; ex-
Franchise. Right, privilege; ex- empt, clear, allowed, permitted,
emption, immunity; freedom. open unobstructed, unimpeded,
;

ANT. Obligation, disability, unrestricted frank, ingenuous,

;

disqualification, liability, juris- candid, artless, unreserved, sin-

diction. cere, frank-hearted; generous,
Frank. Open, ingenuous, free, liberal, bountiful, hospitable,
sincere, candid, artless, frank- charitable, munificent, open-
hearted, without disguise, un- handed; prodigal, lavish, inv
[ 129 ]
fre] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fri

moderate; ready, eager, will- raw, uncultivated, unpracticed,

ing, prompt; gratuitous, spon- untrained, unskilled, inexperi-
taneous; loose, lax; familiar, enced ; young, untried, modern.
unconstrained, easy, informal; ANT. Old, stale, weary-,
detached, playing, operating, jaded; former; stagnant, im-
unoccupied, unhindered, uncon- paired; original, ordinary, tar-
ditional, untrammeled, care- nished, faded, decayed, pallid,
less,unconfined, bounteous. sickly, putrid, moldy, musty,
ANT. Bound, shackled, sub- fusty.
servient, restricted, obstructed, Fretful. Touchy, peevish, petu-
clogged; occupied; impeded, un- lant, testy, snappish, waspish,
lawful, compulsory, biased, sub- splenetic, spleeny, captious, ir-
ject, liable, amenable; condi- ritable, ill-humored, ill-tem-
tional, qualified; stingy, nig- pered; fractious, impatient, dis-
gardly. contented.
Freedom. Independence, liberty ; ANT. Patient, contented, for-
scope, range, play, free swing; bearing, meek, resigned, unmur-
franchise, immunity, privilege; muring.
license, laxity, looseness, famil- Friction. Attrition, abrasion, re-
iarity. sistance, confrication, rubbing;
ANT. Slavery, serfdom, ser- grating, contact.
vitude; imprisonment, captiv- ANT. Lubrication, non-con-
ity. tact,detachment, isolation.
Frenzy. Madness, rage, fury, in- Friend. Confidant, intimate, as-
sanity, raving, distraction, lu- sociate, companion; ally, con-
nacy, derangement, mania, de- fr&re, fellow-adherent; favorer,
lirium, aberration of mind; fa- encourager, well-wisher, advo-
naticism, fire. cate, patron, adherent, defender,
ANT. Calm, composure, col- supporter ; acquaintance, famil-
lectedness, coolness, sanity, so- iar, chum, messmate, coadjutor.
briety, equanimity. ANT. Opponent, foe, adver-
Frequent, a. Oft-repeated; com- sary, antagonist, enemy.
mon, usual, everyday; many, Friendly. Companionable, ge-
repeated, recurrent, general, nial, neighborly, cordial, affec-
numerous, continual. tionate, brotherly, fond, favor-
ANT. Few, solitary, scanty, able, kind, kindly, loving, well-
rare, casual. disposed, social, tender, affable,
Fresh. New, recent, novel; re- accessible, sociable, amicable,
newed, revived blooming, flour-
; complaisant, hearty, sincere.
ishing, unfaded, unwilted, un- ANT. Adverse, estranged, ill-
withered, well-preserved ; unim- disposed, unfriendly, antagonis-
paired, undecayed rosy, ruddy,
; tic, unkind, inimical, alienated,
fair, delicate, fresh-colored; distant, disaffected, frigid, hos-
well, hearty, florid, vigorous, tile, cold, indifferent, conten-
healthy, hardy, strong ; unworn, tious, belligerent, bellicose.
unwearied, unexhausted, unfa- Friendship. Affection, good will,
tigued; vivid, lively, keen, un- devotion, attachment, amity,
abated; unsalted; pure, cool, re- comity, consideration, favor,
freshing, sweet, health-giving, friendliness, love, regard, es-

bracing; brisk, stiff, strong; teem, admiration.

[ 130 ]
frij SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Hostility, hatred, en-
mity, feud; contempt, disdain;
antipathy.
Frighten. Alarm, affright,
timidate, scare, terrify, daunt,
appall, browbeat, depress, dis-
may.
ANT. Calm, soothe, comfort,
ease; reassure, encourage.
Frightful. Terrible, fearful, ter-
dread, dreadful, hor-
rific, dire,
rid, horrible, awful, shocking,
hideous, ghastly, grim, grisly,
gruesome, alarming; ugly, mon-
strous.
ANT. Pleasing, fair, attrac-
tive, encouraging, lovely, beau-
tiful.
Frigid. Cold, dull, cool, unin-
teresting, lifeless, unanimated,
tame, spiritless ; formal, prim,
stiff, forbidding, chilling, rigid,
freezing, repulsive, repellent ;
inanimate, passionless, distant.
ANT. Warm,
ardent, impas-
sioned; vehement, zealous.
Frisk. Leap, skip, hop, frolic,
jump, romp, gambol, wanton,
dance, sport, play.
ANT. Lie, ruminate, roost,
mope, sulk, rest, repose.
Frisky. Gay, lively, sportive,
playful, coltish, wanton, frolic-
some.
ANT. Demure, sedate, pen-
sive, meditative.
Fritter. Slice, break, shiver,
shatter; dribble, waste, dissi-
pate, idle.
ANT. Husband, economize,
cultivate, provide, be frugal.
Frivolous. Trivial, worthless,
light, trifling, silly, petty, idle,
flimsy, childish, puerile, foolish,
trashy.
ANT. Serious, earnest, im-
portant, grave.
Frolic, n. Gambol, lark, esca-
pade, prank; fun, pleasantry,
drollery ; merriment, merry-
[fru
making; play, game, festivity,
sport, entertainment, gaiety,
spree.
in- ANT. Study, engagement, oc-
cupation, purpose, undertaking,
Frolicsome. Gay, lively, frisky,
sportive, playful, frolic, merry,
joyous; wanton, festive.
ANT. Grave, serious, labori-
ous, earnest, studious.
Froward. Contrary, fractious,
perverse, contumacious, refrac-
tory, untoward, unyielding, un-
governable, wayward, disobedi-
ent, peevish, cross, captious,
petulant.
ANT. Docile, amenable, fa-
vorable, agreeable, obedient,
ductile.
Frugal. Provident, economical,
careful, choice, saving, chary,
thrifty, unwasteful, sparing;
parsimonious, abstinent, abste-
mious, temperate.
ANT. Profuse, lavish, luxu-
rious, extravagant, prodigal, in-
temperate, self-indulgent.
Frugality. Parsimony, thrift,
providence, prudence, economy,
sparing, miserliness, parsimo-
niousness, scrimping.
ANT. Liberality, luxury, op-
ulence, waste, wealth, extrava-
gance, bounty, affluence, abun-
dance, riches.
Fruit. Harvest, crop, product;
production, result, effect, con-
sequence, outcome offspring,
;
issue, young; produce, reward,
outgrowth.
ANT. Seed, cause, origin, op-
eration, growth.
Fruitful. Productive prolific,
;
fertile,fecund abundant, rich,
;
plentiful, plenteous; pregnant,
fraught, causative, successful,
effectual, useful.
ANT. Unproductive, sterile,
barren, fruitless, useless, abor-
tive, ineffectual.
t 131 ]
fro] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [fu

Fruition. Fulfilment, enjoy- cial, officer, servant, personage,

ment; reaping, attainment, use, incumbent.
possession. Fund. Stock, capital; supply,
ANT. Loss, disappointment, store; foundation, permanent
non-attainment. fund money, means, resources ;
;

Fugacious. Transitory, tran- investment.

sient, evanescent, fugitive, eph- ANT. Expenditure, outlay,
emeral, fleeting. disbursement.
ANT. Persistent, perennial, Fundamental. Essential, radi-
permanent, perpetual. cal, primary, organic, constitu-
Fulfil. Accomplish, effectuate, tional, indispensable, principal,
effect, realize, execute, consum- important.
mate, complete, perfect; obey, ANT. Secondary, unimpor-
observe, perform, do, discharge, tant, non-essential, ascititious,
keep, adhere to, comply with; adventitious.
meet, satisfy, answer, fill, fill Funereal. Mournful, sad, lugu-
out; verify, achieve. brious, woful, dark, plaintive,
ANT. Neglect, ignore; fal- somber, melancholy, funeral,
sify, disappoint; render abor- gloomy, dismal, sepulchral, sol-
tive; overlook, disregard, slight. emn, deathlike.
Fulminate. Explode, detonate; ANT. Joyous, festive, funny,
utter denunciations, thunder, stirring, lively, ridiculous, far-
fulmine, hurl threats; clamor, cical.
roar, denounce, vociferate. Funny. Ludicrous, droll, comi-
ANT. Laud, panegyrize, eu- cal, sportive, humor-
farcical,
logize. ous, amusing, laughable, divert-
Fulsome. Gross, excessive, of- ing, jocose, ridiculous.
fensive, extravagant, nauseous, ANT. Tedious, dull, mourn-
disgusting, repulsive, coarse, ri- ful,lugubrious, grave, serious,
bald, questionable, loathsome, dismal, sad, lamentable.
sickening, fawning. Furbish. Burnish, polish, rub,
ANT. Chaste, sober, delicate, scour, brighten.
nice, temperate, moderate. ANT. Dull, tarnish, cloud.
Fume, v. Smoke, reek, emit va- Furnish. Provide, supply; fit,
por, exhale; rave, rage, chafe, equip, fit up; afford, give, be-
storm, bluster, fret, flare up, be stow, contribute, present, pur-
in a rage. vey, yield.
ANT. Acquiesce; smile; sub- ANT. Withhold, unthdraw;
mit, accede, consent, concur. dismantle; retain, keep.
Function, n. Exercise, perform- Furtive. Secret, sly, clandes-
ance, execution, discharge; tine, stolen, stealthy, surrepti-
employment, office, duty, busi- tious, secretive.
ness, occupation, part, prov- ANT. Open, public, un-
ince; character, capacity, op- disguised, unconcealed, unre-
eration, administration, served.
power. Fuse. Melt, liquefy, smelt; inter-
ANT. Usurpation, misde- mix, amalgamate, blend, com-
meanor, misconduct, maladmin- mingle, intermingle; coalesce.
istration. ANT. Disunite, diffuse, dis-
Functionary. Office-holder, offi- amalgamate, disincorporate.
[ 132 ]
lus] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [gar

Fuss, n. Hurry, worry, ado, fid- availing, fruitless, bootless, in-

get, bustle, flurry, stir, agita- effectual ; weak, ineffective, use-
tion, excitement, tumult. less,nugatory.
ANT. Quiet, peace, sedate- ANT. Cogent, effective, po-
ness, calm, composure, tranquil- tent, powerful, useful, substan-
lity. tial, solid.
Futile. Trifling, frivolous, triv- Future. Forthcoming, coming,
ial; worthless, valueless, vain, advenient.
idle, unprofitable, profitless, un- ANT. Past, gone, bygone.

G
Gabble, n. Prate, jargon, stuff, tain, arrive at; profit; benefit,
jabber, rattle, twaddle, chatter, realize, reap.
gibber, gibberish, babble, gab, ANT. Lose, forfeit, suffer.
gossip, palaver, prattle, cackle. Gainful. Advantageous, profit-
ANT. Speech, conversation, able, beneficial; lucrative, pay-
eloquence; reticence, tacitur- ing, productive, remunerative,
nity; mincing, mouthiness, eu- winning.
phuism, grandiloquence. ANT. Unprofitable, disad-
Gabble, v. Prate, prattle, chat- vantageous, detrimental, injuri-
ter, cackle, rattle, jabber, gos- ous, losing, gainless.
sip, palaver. Gallant, a. Gay, fine, magnifi-
ANT. Drone, drawl, mur- cent, well-dressed, showy, splen-
mur. did; courageous, brave, valiant,
Gag. Silence, stifle, muzzle, valorous, intrepid, chivalrous,
muffle, hush. fearless, bold, daring, high-spir-
ANT. Evoke, provoke, inspire, ited; noble, lofty, honorable,
animate. magnanimous, high-minded ; at-
Gage, n. Measure, standard; di- tentive, polite, courteous; am-
mensions, estimate; security; orous; heroic.
challenge, defiance. ANT. Coicardly, discourte-
Gage, v. Measure, estimate, ous, churlish.
fathom, probe. Gambol. Frisk, frolic, romp,
ANT. Survey, conjecture, ob- caper, leap, hop, skip, jump,
serve, view, scan, guess, mis- sport.
measure. ANT. Droop, tire, weary,
Gain, n. Profits, earnings, in- flag.
crease, gainings; emolument, Game, n. Sport, play, amuse-
lucre, money-making; blessing, ment, pastime plan, scheme,
;

profit, advantage, good, benefit. stratagem, strategy, adventure,

ANT. Loss, detriment, dam- enterprise, measure, undertak-
age, privation, injury. ing; quarry, prey; recreation,
Gain, v. Get, acquire, win, earn, frolic, diversion.
obtain, procure, secure, carry, ANT. Toil, study, duty, la-
achieve; conciliate, enlist, per- bor; weariness, flagging; busi-
suade, prevail upon, win over, ness.
gain over, bring over ; reach, at- Garb. Dress, clothes, habit, ap-
[ 133 ]
gar] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [gen

parel, raiment, garments, ves- Gay. Showy, bright, fine, bril-

ture, costume, attire, habili-
ment; uniform, vestments.
ANT. Undress; rags, tatters,
shreds; nudity, nakedness.
Garble. Mutilate, falsify, cor-
rupt, misrepresent, misquote,
pervert; cook, dress, color, dis-
tort.
ANT. Quote, cite, extract, re-
cite,report verbatim.
Garnish. Adorn, embellish, deco-
rate, deck, grace, beautify, or-
nament, prank, set off, trick
out; furnish, furbish.
ANT. Strip, dismantle, de-
nude, bare, deprive, divest.
Garrulity. Loquacity, babble,
loquaciousness, babbling, talk-
ativeness, prattle, prate; ver-
bosity, chatter.
ANT. Reticence, taciturnity,
laconism, reserve, silence.
Garrulous. Chattering, loqua-
cious, verbose, talkative.
ANT. Taciturn, speechless,
laconic, reserved, reticent, si-
lent.
Gaud. Trinket, finery, gewgaw,
trumpery, whim, gimcrack, toy,
bauble, trifle.
ANT. Ornament, gem, deco-
ration, jewel, valuable.
Gaudy. Flaunting, garish, glit-
tering, tawdry, tinsel, flashy,
showy, overdecorated, loud; be-
liant, dashing; gaudy, flaunt-
ing, flashy, garish, tawdry, glit-
tering, tinsel ; merry, lively, jo-
vial, cheerful, gleeful, blithe,
sportive, airy, gladsome, frolic-
some, jolly, hilarious, light-
hearted; sprightly, smart, fes-
tive, pleasuresome.
ANT. Heavy, sad, grave, dull,
dowdy, somber, melancholy.
Gaze, v. Stare, scan, behold, re-
gard, contemplate, view, gloat,
glower.
ANT. Wink, ignore, overlook,
ogle, glance, disregard.
General, a. Ordinary, universal,
common, commonplace, custom-
ary, everyday, public, prevalent,
familiar, normal, popular, ha-
bitual, frequent, usual.
ANT. Singular, uncommon,
exceptional, rare, unknown, in-
frequent, unusual; particular,
special.
Generality. Universality; bulk,
mass, body, majority.
ANT. Section, minority, ex-
ception, individuality.
Generate. Beget, procreate, en-
gender, breed, propagate; pro-
duce, form, make, cause, bring
about, originate.
ANT. Stifle, extinguish, ter-
minate, annihilate.
Generation. Procreation pro- ;

spangled, fine, gay, meretri- duction, formation offspring,

;

cious. progeny, succession of descend-

ANT. Rich, simple, hand- ants ; family, stock, race, breed ;
some, chaste. contemporaries; period, epoch,
Gaunt. Lean, lank, thin, meager, age, era, lifetime; origination.
emaciated, slender, attenuated, ANT. Perpetuity, eternity,
spare grim, savage, hungry.
; immortality; posterity.
ANT. Docile, tractable, well- Generic. General, common, col-
fed, tame, sleek. lective, racial, comprehensive.
Gawky. Awkward, clownish, un- ANT. Particular, personal,
gainly, clumsy, raw, boorish, specific, individual.
rustic, green, uncouth, loutish. Generous. Liberal, noble, mag-
ANT. N
eat, handy, graceful, nanimous, bountiful, free, mu-
handsome. nificent, open-handed, disinter-
[ 134 ]
gen] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ested, open-hearted, chivalrous,
honorable.
ANT. Avaricious, covetous,
greedy, parsimonious, penuri-
ous, petty, rapacious, stingy,
close, illiberal, ignoble, mean,
miserly, niggardly, churlish,
selfish.
Genial. Fostering, cheering, en-
livening, encouraging, inspirit-
ing; cordial, hearty; cheerful,
pleasant, merry, mirthful, jo-
vial, warm, balmy, festive, joy-
ous, revivifying, rejuvenating,
restorative.
ANT. Cold, cutting, harsh,
deleterious, noxious, deadly, de-
structive, blighting, lethal, un-
genial.
Genius. Bent, turn, aptitude,
aptness, faculty, capacity, en-
dowment, talent, gift; ingenu-
ity, invention, sagacity, intel-
lect, brains, parts, wit, inspira-
tion, creative or inventive
power; adept, proficient, mas-
ter,master hand nature, char-
; ment, product, produce, issue,
acter, disposition, constitution,
characteristic; spirit, tutelary
deity, guardian angel; clever-
ness, inventiveness, skill, crea-
tiveness, giftedness, ideality,
talents.
ANT. Stupidity, senseless-
ness, folly, dulness, imbecil-
ity, obtuseness, stolidity, in-
anity.
Genteel. Refined, polite, courte-
ous, polished, well-bred,
civil,
gentlemanly or ladylike; fash-
ionable, stylish, elegant; grace-
ful, refined, aristocratic, culti-
vated, cultured.
ANT. Rude, clownish, uncul-
tivated, ill-bred, boorish, uncul-
tured, plebeian, unfashionable,
unpolished, inelegant.
Gentle. Mild, bland, moderate,
kind, tender, compassionate, in-
dulgent, meek, soft, lenient, hu-
[ 135
[gna
mane, clement, merciful, tender-
hearted, gentle-hearted; tame,
docile, peaceable, calm, peace-
ful, tranquil, tractable, pacific,
quiet; light, zephyrlike; no-
ble, high-born, well-born ; culti-
vated, refined, courteous, well-
bred, polished; placid, amiable.
ANT. Rough, rude, coarse,
fierce, savage; uneven, uncut;
boisterous; shaggy, ragged, dis-
ordered; harsh, uncivil, offen-
sive; tempestuous, stormy; in-
clement.
Genuine. Pure, uncorrupt, unal-
loyed, unadulterated, true, au-
thentic, real, veritable; native,
unaffected, sincere; sound, nat-
ural.
ANT. Spurious, adulterated;
fictitious; apocryphal, counter-
feit, false, artificial.
Germ. Embryo, ovule, seed-bud ;
origin, source, first principle;
nucleus, seed, bud.
ANT. Fruit, result, develop-
outgrowth.
Germane. Related, akin, oog-
nate, allied; pertinent, rele-
vant, appropriate, apposite, fit-
ting, suitable; kindred, homo-
geneous.
ANT. Foreign, alien, irrele-
vant, unconnected.
Germinate. Bud, shoot, vege-
tate, sprout, push, burst forth,
put forth, spring up.
ANT. Rot, decay, spoil, die,
putrefy, corrupt.
Get. Attain, earn, achieve, ac-
quire, obtain, procure, receive,
win, secure, gain.
Jan. Abandon, lose, forfeit,
surrender, forego.
Ghastly. Pale, wan, cadaverous,
deathlike; grim, dismal, hide-
ous, terrible, horrible, frightful,
shocking, grisly; spectral, pal-
lid.
]
gho] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS Lgla

ANT. Blooming, fresh, ruddy, circle, ea>pand, ungird, disen-

comely, buxom, seemly.
Ghost. Spirit, soul; apparition,
specter, sprite, phantom, shade,
departed spirit; vision.
ANT. Body, organism, ani-
mal.
Gibe. Sneer, scoff, taunt, flount.
jest, jeer, ridicule, deride, mock,
rail at.
ANT. Salute, compliment.
Giddy. Dizzy, vertiginous; in-
constant, fickle, changeable, un-
steady, mutable, unstable, vac-
illating, irresolute ; careless,
heedless, wild, reckless, head-
long, thoughtless, light-headed,
flighty; whirling, hare-brained,
beetling, flighty.
ANT. Slow, ponderous, sta-
tionary; earnest, thoughtful,
steady; low, wary, unelevated,
circumspect.
Gift. Bequest, benefaction, do-
nation, boon, grant, present,
largess, bribe, bounty, gratu-
ity; endowment, talent, genius,
faculty, power, capacity, capa-
bility, ability, turn, forte; do-
nation, douceur, offering, alms,
allowance, contribution, sub-
scription, subsidy, dower, leg-
sty, demise.
ANT. Reservation, refusal,
purchase; inanity, stupidity,
forfeit, penalty, fine, surren-
der; earnings, wages, remuner-
ation, Compensation; reward,
guerdon.
Gigantic. Vast, huge, colossal,
enormous, giant, prodigious,
Herculean, C yclopean, immense,
tremendous.
ANT. Puny, feeble, dwarfish,
:
girdle.
Girl. Damsel, lass, lassie, miss,
maiden, maid, virgin, young;
unmarried woman.
Gist. Essence, pith, core, marrow,
substance, kernel, main point,
force, ground, foundation.
ANT. Surplusage, addita-
ment, redundancy, environ'
ment; accessories; clothing,
garb; excess, overplus.
Give. Deliver, bestow, supply,
grant, cede, confer, communi-
cate, impart, furnish; produce,
yield, surrender, concede, pre-
sent, afford, spare, accommo-
date with ; pay, exchange ; per-
mit, allow, vouchsafe, deign;
utter, pronounce, render; occa-
sion, cause ;devote, apply, ad-
dict, give up; sink, bend; re-
treat, give way, recede, retire.
ANT. Withhold, withdraw,
refuse, retain, grasp, fail, re-
strain, deny, take back, remove,
recall; take, receive, accept;
hold, support.
Glad. Rejoiced, pleased, grati-
fied, delighted, happy, well-con-
tented; cheerful, joyous, joyful,
gladsome, elated, jocund, play-
ful, light-hearted, cheery, ani-
mated; exhilarating, pleasing,
bright, gratifying; blithesome,
gleeful.
ANT. Unhappy, sad, sorrow-
ful, disastrous, sorry, dismal,
disappointed, discontented, un-
easy.
Gladden. Delight, cheer, exhil-
arate, bless,
rejoice, gratify,
make glad.
ANT. Grieve, disappoint, de-
press, dispirit, trouble, wound,

petty, tn.s illcnnt, pigmy.

Girdle. GiH, bind round; sur- afflict, sadden, displease.
round, encircle, encompass, en- Glare. Glitter, glisten, dazzle,
close, embrace, shut in ;belt, flare, gleam, sparkle; glower,
hem, environ, engirdle, begird. look fierce; beam, shine, glow,
ANT. Disclose, open, disen- ray, radiate.
[ 136 ]
gla] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [go

ANT. Shimmer, scintillate, tinguished, disgraced, unknown,

waver, glimmer, smolder, burn
fitfully, flash, flicker,
obscure, darken.
Glassy. Vitreous; crystal, crys-
talline, transparent, gleaming,
lucent, brilliant, shining;
smooth, polished, glacial, gla-
brous, brittle, pellucid, limpid,
glossy, silken.
ANT. Rough, uneven,
ant, rugged, tough, opaque, tur-
bid, muddy, dull, dark.
Glaze, v. Set glass; calender,
polish, burnish, gloss, furbish
become glassy, grow dim;
refy.
ANT. Roughen,
corrugate,
rumple, crumple, wrinkle, fur-
row.
Glimpse, n. Glance, glimmer-
ing, sight, inkling, flash,
vey, trace, tinge.
ANT. Observation, scrutiny,
investigation, inspection, ex-
posure, analysis, examination.
Gloom. Obscurity, darkness,
dimness, gloominess, cloud; de-
jection, sadness, depression, des-
pondency, melancholy ; gloam-
ing, twilight, shadow, obscura-
tion, dulness, cloudiness.
ANT. Light, radiance, clear-
ness, daylight, brightness.
Glorify. Extol, exalt, magnify,
bless, honor, praise; brighten,
make illustrious, elevate, en-
noble, adorn; laud, signalize,
aggrandize, panegyrize.
ANT. Debase, depress, abuse,
abase, defame, degrade, decry,
censure, blame, rebuke.
Glorious. Illustrious, renowned,
celebrated, eminent, famed, fa-
mous, distinguished, conspicu-
ous; resplendent, splendid, ra-
diant, bright, brilliant; noble,
lofty, exalted, supreme, high,
excellent, consummate.
ANT. Mean, debased, undis-
dishonorable, inglorious.
glister j Glory. Honor, renown, celebrity,
fame, praise; splendor, luster,
brightness, brilliancy, pride, ef-
fulgence ; gloriousness, noble-
ness, exaltation, grandeur; ra-
diance, state, pomp, parade,,
magnificence.
ANT. Obscurity, cloud, ig-
pli- nominy, dishonor, degradation^
disgrace, shame.
Gloss, n. Interpretation, com-
ment, note, explanation, scho-
:
lium, commentary, annotation;
vit- pretext, pretense, specious plea;
luster, polish, shine, sheen; dis-
tortion, misinterpretation, per-
version, twist, plea, specious-
ness.
ANT. Haze, nebulousness /
sur- truth, Uteralness, representa-
tion, reality, verity, actuality,
solution, exposition.
Glowing. Shining, hot, intense,
ardent, excited, fiery, fervid,
fervent.
ANT. Cool, languid, dispas-
sionate, dull, apathetic, chill-
ing.
Glut, n. Repletion, superabun-
dance, surplus, overplus, re-
dundancy, overstock, superflu-
ity.
ANT. Scarcity, want, scanti-
ness, dearth, failure, drainage,
exhaustion.
Glut, v. Cloy, sate, satiate, pall,
surfeit; gorge, cram, stuff, fill,
overfeed, make replete.
ANT. Empty, void, disgorge,
eject, discharge, vomit.
Gluttony. Voracity, greed, gor-
inandizement, deglutition.
ANT. Abstinence, abstemi-
ousness, temperance, frugality.
Go. Move, pass, proceed, advance,
progress ; walk, travel, journey,
fare; depart, set out, leave;
reach, extend; contribute, con-
[ 137 ]
goo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
cur, tend, avail eventuate, turn
; ful; abandoned, corrupt, im-
out; be esteemed, be reckoned;
accept, approve, endure, toler-
ate, swallow, bear; stir, budge.
ANT. Stand, stay, come, re-
main, rest, endure, persist, lack,
abide, fail.
Good, n. Benefit, gain, advan-
tage, utility, profit; welfare,
weal, prosperity, interest; vir-
tue, righteousness, excellence ;
abundance, riclies; boon, bless-
ing, mercy.
ANT. Hurt, loss, detriment,
injury, evil, disadvantage, ill,
calamity, affliction, infliction,
curse.
Good, a. Advantageous, service-
able, profitable, useful, benefi-
cial; suitable, fit, convenient,
proper, well-adapted; upright,
virtuous, worthy, pious, dutiful,
righteous, religious; excellent,
valuable, precious, sterling, ad-
mirable, capital kind, humane,
; Gorgeous.
benevolent, friendly, favorable,
gracious, merciful, obliging,
well -disposed; fair, unblem-
ished, untarnished, unsullied,
immaculate, honorable, unim-
peached; cheerful, lively, social,
genial, companionable ; able,
skilful, expert, ready, dexter-
ous, well-qualified; competent;
pleasant, gratifying, agreeable;
considerable; real, true, seri-
ous, unfeigned ; right, complete,
sound, propitious, efficient, suf-
ficient, valid, actual, reputable,
just.
ANT. Bad, wrong, evil, ill,
wicked, depraved, imperfect, un-
sound, vicious, profane, nig-
gardly, unpropitious, unservice-
able, unsuitable, inefficient, in-
competent, inadequate, invalid,
fictitious, supposititious, incon-
siderable, mean, disreputable,
disgraceful; baneful, mischiev-
ous, pernicious, injurious, hurt-
[ 133
[gra
moral, unprincipled, dishonest,
unfair, villainous; unfortunate,
unlucky, unhappy; unwelcome,
sad, depressing, discouraging,
distressing; wretched, sorry,
abominable; inferior, defective;
severe, serious, hard, heavy.
Good-by. Farewell, adieu.
ANT. Salutation, welcome,
hail, greeting.
Good-humored. Cheerful, buoy-
ant, placid, amiable, good-na-
tured, good-tempered.
ANT. Cross, ill-humored, ill-
natured, unamiable, petulant,
fretful, peevish.
Goodly. Graceful, comely, beau-
tiful, good-looking; pleasant,
happy, agreeable, desirable; ex-
cellent, fair, fine; considerable.
ANT. Unpleasant, undesir-
able, inconsiderable,uncomely,
ungainly, clumsy, aickicard.
Showy, glittering,
splendid, shining, magnificent,
resplendent, fine, rich, superb,
dazzling; costly, grand, strong.
ANT. Poor, naked, dingy,
bare, threadbare, cheap; grimy,
soiled; dull, obscure, dim.
Govern. Manage, reign over, di-
rect, command, control, rule,
sway, influence, mold, restrain,
curb, moderate, guide, super-
vise, conduct; regulate, steer,
bridle.
ANT. Be subject, obey, sub-
mit, comply, yield; misrule,
misdirect, misconduct.
Grace. Favor, kindness, conde-
scension, love, benignity, good
will; piety, devotion, sanctity,
devoutness, faith, holiness, re-
ligion; mercy, pardon, forgive-
ness; elegance, polish, accom-
plishment, refinement; beauty,
symmetry, comeliness, graceful-
ness, ease; short prajer; excel-
lence, charm.
]
 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Disfavor, deformity,
pride, unkindness, gawkiness,
awkwardness, inelegance.
Graceful. Beautiful, comely, ele-
gant, stately, easy, natural, be-
coming, flowing, rounded, sinu-
ous.
ANT. Awkward, homely, un-
couth, ugly, plain, gawky, un-
graceful.
Graceless. Depraved, degener- Grandeur.
ate, corrupt, reprobate, disso-
lute, profligate, lost, abandoned,
hardened, obdurate, shameless,
incorrigible, wicked, irreclaim-
able; ungraceful, scampish, vi-
cious, worthless.
ANT. Graceful, virtuous, up-
right, conscientious, worthy;
gracious, tender-hearted.
Gracious. Benevolent, benign,
kind, favorable, benignant, com-
passionate, friendly, merciful,
tender, lenient, condescending,
mild, gentle; affable, familiar,
civil, polite, easy, courteous,
beneficent.
ANT. Haughty, discourteous,
glorious, superb, splendid, lofty,
noble, sublime; principal, chief,
main, leading, supreme; large,
imposing, important, eventful,
pompous, gorgeous.
ANT. Little, undignified, un~
imposing, inferior, petty, pal-
try, secondary, unimportant, in-
significant, mean, common, beg-
garly, contemptible, small.
Greatness, vastness,
loftiness, elevation, immensity;
state, dignity, majesty, stateli-
ness, pomp, augustness, splen-
dor; magnificence, display, os-
tentation.
ANT. Meanness, paltriness?
humiliation, shame, disgrace.
Grandiloquence. Bombast, fua-
tian, turgidity; verbosity, pom-
posity, mouthiness, grandiosity,
antiloquence, stiltedness, eu-
phuism.
ANT. Simplicity, naivet6, un-
affectedness; vernacular.
Grant. Yield, admit, concede, al-
low; give, bestow, confer, deign,
vouchsafe convey, transfer ; al-
;

ungracious, ill-disposed, churl- lot, accord, cede, impart.

ish, unfriendly, impolite. ANT. Withhold, withdraw,
Gradation. Progress, progres- reserve, resume, deny, refuse.
sion, succession ; graduation, Graphic. Vivid, lively, pictur-
precedency, arrangement, ordi- esque, well-drawn, striking, tell-
nation, standing, rank, degree, ing; illustrative, pictorial, de-
stage, tier. scriptive, forcible, feeling; de-
ANT. Equality, uniformity, scribed.
fraternity; abruptness, break, ANT. Undcscrlptive, unillus-
hiatus. unpicturcsque ; hazy f
trative,
Gradual. Regular, progressive; obscure, indefinite.
slow, approximate; continuous, Grasp. Clasp, gripe, seize, grip,,
unintermittent, step by step, grapple, catch, clutch, clinch,,
gradational. lay hold of; hold, retain, com-
ANT. Sudden, momentary, in- prehend.
stantaneous, periodic, intermit- ANT. Loose, lose, abandon,
tent, recurrent, broken, discon- relinquish, surrender, release,
tinuous, disconnected. miss, misunderstand.
Grand. Stately, lordly, princely, Grateful. Obliged, thankful, in-
august, exalted, majestic, ele- debted, beholden ; agreeable, ac-
vated, illustrious, eminent, dig- ceptable, pleasing, pleasant, de-
nified, great, high ; magnificent, lightful, gratifying, welcome,.

C 1:
gra] [gri

charming, satisfying; delicious, distinguished, eminent, exalted,

savory, nice, cordial, luscious, prominent, excellent, elevated,
refreshing, invigorating; com- celebrated, noted, famed, illus-
forting, soothing, alleviating. trious, famous, renowned; au-
ANT. Unpleasant, unaccept- gust, grand, dignified, noble,
able, disobliged, ungrateful, dis- sublime, majestic, lofty; gener-
agreeable. ous, magnanimous, chivalrous,
Gratification. Satisfaction, in- high-minded; sumptuous, rich,
dulgence; enjoyment, delight, magnificent; difficult, onerous,
pleasure, fruition; reward, rec- hard, burdensome, grievous ;
ompense. chief, principal, main, leading,
ANT. Pain, dislike, disap- grand; superior, preeminent;
pointment, abstinence, stinting, protracted, noticeable.
discipline, inurement, abnega- ANT. Little, narrow, scanty,
tion. puny, few, short, mean, ignoble,
Gratify. Please, delight, glad- weak, unimportant.
den; indulge, satisfy, humor, Greediness. Avidity, hunger, vo-
fulfil. racity, ravenousness, gluttony;
ANT. Displease, dissatisfy, eagerness, longing, greed, in-
stint, deprive, deny, discipline. tense desire; grasping, avarice,
Gratitude. Thankfulness, obli- rapacity, selfishness.
gation, gratefulness. ANT. Generosity, prodigal-
ANT. Thanklessness, ingrati- ity, benevolence.
tude, ungratefulness, unthank- Greedy. Voracious, ravenous, in-
fulness, resentment, oblivion, satiable, gluttonous, insatiate,
indignation. rapacious; eager, desirous ; self-
Gratuitous. Free, voluntary, ish, grasping, avaricious;
uncompensated, groundless, un- hungry.
warranted, unsought, unneces- ANT. Abstemious, abstinent,
sary ; spontaneous, baseless, un- contented, apathetic, indiffer-
recompensed. ent; generous, unselfish.
ANT. Compulsory, involun- Grief. Bitterness, misery, agony,
tary, obligatory, necessitated, anguish, heartache, heartbreak ;
warranted, well-founded; un- trial, grievance ; melancholy,
willing, enforced, enjoined. sadness, sorrow, trouble, tribu-
Grave, a. Important, weighty, lation, woe, mourning, affliction,
serious, cogent, momentous ; so- distress, regret.
ber, sedate, thoughtful, staid, ANT. Happiness, joy, ela-
solemn; plain, subdued, quiet, tion, delight, hilarity, exulta-
silent; sad, pressing, demure, tion, cheer, mirth, gaiety.
Bomber, aggravated, heavy. Grievance. Hardship, wrong,
ANT. Joyous, merry, unim- injury, burden, oppression ; af-
portant, facetious, ridiculous, sorrow, grief, dis-
fliction, trial,
trivial, light, frivolous, futile, tress, woe; complaint, trouble,
trifling, petty, slight. injustice.
Great. Large, big, vast, huge, ANT. Congratulation, boon,
bulky, ample, immense, gigan- benefit, rejoicing, privilege, al-
tic, enormous; much, excessive, leviation, riddance, disburden-
high numerous, countless con-
; ; ment.
siderable, important, weighty; Grieve. Afflict, pain, hurt, dis-
t 140 1
gri] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
tress, sadden, agonize; sorrow, ionable, symmetrical, typical,,
mourn, lament, suffer, bewail ; formal, normal.
burden, annoy, wound, com- Ground. Basis, base, ground-
plain, deplore. work, support, foundation ; sod,
ANT. Ease, soothe, console, soil, clod, earth, loam, turf;
please, rejoice, exult, alleviate, region, territory, country, land,
gratify, content, satisfy. domain; estate, acres, field;
Grievous. Sad, heavy, distress- motive, consideration, reason,,
ing, afflictive, painful, deplor- cause, account, inducement;
able, lamentable; hurtful, in- premise, plea.
jurious, noxious, mischievous, ANT. Superstructure, state-
detrimental, calamitous; atro- ment, argument, inference, de-
cious, heinous, outrageous, in- duction; product, development ,
tolerable, dreadful, flagrant, result, effect; ocean, sea, deep t
aggravated ; sorrowful, baleful, main, waters.
burdensome, unhappy, disas- Grounded. Rooted, established,
trous. initiated, inaugurated, trained,
ANT. Pleasant, joyous, de- prepared, fixed, set; indoctri-
lightful, glad, consolatory, ac- nated.
ceptable, welcome, grateful, ANT. Ungrounded, unpre-
light, trivial, trifling. pared, uninitiated, baseless, un-
Grim. Fierce, ruthless, cruel, founded, groundless, unauthor-
savage, ferocious; frightful, ized.
horrible, hideous, dire, horrid, Groundless. Vain, suppositi-
appalling, terrific, dreadful; tious, unfounded, false, base-
ugly, ghastly, sullen, stern. less, fanciful, chimerical, gra-
ANT. Mild, attractive, be- tuitous.
nign, placid, docile. ANT. Well-founded, author-
Gross. Great; large, big, bulky: itativc, substantial, actual, au-
dense, thick; coarse, rough, thentic.
rude, unrefined, unseemly, un- Group. Cluster, collection, assem-
becoming; indelicate, sensual, blage, order, bunch, knot, class,
impure, vulgar, low, broad ; clump, assembly, collocation.
enormous, flagrant, shameful, AXT. Individual, crowd, iso-
outrageous, grievous palpable,
; lation, medley, confusion; dis-
manifest, glaring; whole, total, persion, distribution, scatter-
entire, aggregate; vicious, ani- ing.
mal, bloated. Grovel. Creep, crawl, sneak, be
ANT. Partial, component; prone, fawn, cringe, lie, grub,
net ; refined, pure; elegant, deli- wallow.
cate, subtle. ANT. Soar, aspire, mount,
Grotesque. Fantastic, whimsi- rise, domineer, intimidate, dic-
cal, fanciful, droll, odd, unnat- tate, broicbcat.
ural, strr.ngo, wild, bizarre, ex- Grow. Enlarge, increase, swell,
travagant; ludicrous, absurd, expand, extend, augment; veg-
ridiculous, antic, burlesque; etate, shout, sprout, germinate;
quaint, old, archaic, distorted, advance, wax, progress, im-
caricatured. prove; adhere; raise, produce,
AXT. Classic, chaste, grace- cultivate accrue, become, de-
;

ful, fine, severe, regular, fash- velop, amplify.

[ 141 ]
 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Diminish, recede, con-
tract, fail, stop, die, wane, de-
cline, subside, ebb, decay, depre-
ciate, crumble, weaken.
Grudge, n. Hatred, pique, ran-
cor, spite, malice, malevolence;
grievance, aversion, dissatisfac-
tion, discontent, refusal.
ANT. Welcome, satisfaction,
approval, contentment, bene-
faction, complacency, bestowal.
Guardian. Warden, keeper, pro-
tector, defender, preserver ; cus-
todian, conservator.
ANT. Pupil, ward; traitor,
betrayer; charge, minor.
Guess. Conjecture, divine, sur-
mise, mistrust, suspect; find
out, solve, penetrate, fathom;
suppose, think, believe, fancy,
imagine; hazard, risk.
ANT. Examine, prove, inves-
tigate, establish, demonstrate,
deduce, elaborate, illustrate.
Guide, n. Director, conductor,
pilot mentor, monitor, adviser,
; Gush,
instructor, counselor; clue,
key; itinerary.
ANT. Follower, disciple, im-
itator, pupil.
Guide, v. Lead, conduct, pilot;
direct, rule, manage, regulate,
govern, control, steer; superin-
tend, influence, train.
ANT. Mislead, misconduct,
misdirect, mismanage, misregu-
late, misguide, miseducate, be-
tray, deceive, impose upon, dis-
appoint, cheat.
Guile. Cunning, craft, subtlety,
artifice, artfulness, deceit, du-
t 142
plicity, deception, fraud, wiles,
trickery; treachery, insidious-
ness, hypocrisy.
ANT. Frankness, simplicity,
honesty, candor, generosity, sin
cerity, truth, veracity.
Guilt. Guiltiness, culpability,
criminality; wrong, offensive-
ness, wickedness, ill desert, in*
iquity, sin, offense.
ANT. Sinlessness, innocence^
purity, godliness, righteous-
ness.
Guise. Aspect, appearance, garb,
dress, form, shape, figure, man-
ner, mode, fashion; practice,
habit, custom; semblance, plea,
demeanor, mien.
ANT. Character, person, in-
dividual, sentiment, disposition,
opinion, life, mind, soul, self.
Gumption. Shrewdness, discern-
ment, sagacity, skill, cleverness,
ability, capacity, power, pene-
tration, common sense.
v. Burst, stream, flow,
rush, spout, pour out, flow out;
sentimentalize, be overeffusive.
ANT. Drip, drop, filter, ooze,
percolate, dribble, drain, strain,
trickle.
Gust. Taste, relish, zest, liking;
pleasure, enjoyment, delight,
delectation, gratification; turn,
fancy, favor; blast, squall; fit,
outburst, burst, paroxysm ;
puff, breeze, gale.
ANT. Calm, tranquillity, sub-
sidence, composure, restraint,
zephyr; insipidity, tasteless-
ness.
]
hab] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS than.

Habiliment. Dress, garments, troublous, boisterous, bluster-

clothes, apparel, vesture, rai-
ment, habit, costume, vestment,
garb, robes, uniform, cloth-
ing.
ANT. Undress, nudity, bare-
ness, deshabille, divestment.
Habit. Condition, constitution,
temperament; way, manner;
dress, garb, habiliment; habit-
uation, familiarity, association,
inurement; routine, rule, cus-
tom, fashion, practice, system,
habitude, use, usage, wont.
ANT. Dishabituation, inex-
perience, inconversance, desue-
tude, disuse, breach, infringe-
ing, turbulent, violent.
Hale. Healthy, sound, strong,
robust, hearty, hardy, well.
ANT. Feeble, sickly, weak.
Half, n. Bisection, dimidiation,
moiety.
ANT. Integrity, total, whole,
entirety, sum, amount, aggre-
gate, quantity, number.
Hallow. Consecrate, dedicate,
sanctify, devote, make holy;
reverence, venerate, honor, re-
spect, pay homage to, enshrine.
ANT. Desecrate, profane, ex~
ecrate, blaspheme, abominate.
Halt. Stop, hold, stand, pull up j

ment, disusage. limp, hobble; rest, falter, ham-

Habitation. Abode, dwelling, per, stammer, demur, dubitate,
lodging, domicil, headquar- pause, stand still, hesitate.
ters, quarters, dwelling-place. ANT. Advance, flow, speed;
Habitual. Usual, customary, determine, decide, conclude, fin-
wonted, common, accustomed, ish.
regular, ordinary, familiar, Hamper. Hinder, fetter, en-
everyday, perpetual. tangle, shackle, clog, encum-
ANT. Irregular, extraordi- ber, restrain, impede.
nary, unusual, occasional, ex- ANT. Free, liberate, loose;
ceptional, rare. expedite, hasten, speed, accel-
Haggard. Wild, wayward, in- erate.
tractable, refractory, unruly, Hand. Palm and fingers; side,
untamed; gaunt, lean, spare, direction, part; skill, dexterity,
meager, worn, wasted, raw- talent, ability, faculty; handi-
boned attenuated, wrinkled,
; work, workmanship; man-
ghastly, hollow-eyed. agement, course; asrency, share,
ANT. Sleek, smug, plump, intervention, participation; la-
chubby, comely, nightly, pretty. borer, workman, operative, ar-
Hail. Accost, address, salute, tificer, artisan, craftsman, em-
greet, welcome, call, speak, sig- ployee; possession, power, con-
nal. trol; index, pointer, indicator;
ANT. Ignore, avoid, pass, chirography, handwriting; in-
cut, disdain, insult, rebuff. fluonce; handful, bunch.
Halcyon. Calm, quiet, placid, ANT. Employer.
still,peaceful, tranquil, undis- Handle. Touch, feel, take; man-
turbed, unruffled, palmy, se- age, use. wield; treat, discuss,
rene, happy, golden, balmy. discourse; deal with; operate,,
ANT. Stormy, tempestuous, manipulate-
[ H3 1
ban] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [har

ANT. Drop, bungle, misman- jolly, successful, rejoicing,

age, botch, spoil, mar. blissful, lucky, merry, fortu-
Handsome. Comely, stately, nate, rejoiced, jocund, buoy-
well-formed, fine-looking; easy, ant, felicitous, bright, blithe-
graceful, becoming, appropri- some, sunny, cheering, cheery,
ate; generous, liberal, noble, sprightly, delightful, smiling,
magnanimous, disinterested; mirthful, pleased, prosperous,
ample, sufficient, large, plenti- rapturous; light-hearted, blest,
ful; beautiful, pretty, lovely, gladdened, charmed; ready, ex-
elegant. pert, apt, skilful, adroit, able,
ANT. Uncomely, ill-looking, dexterous ; seasonable, oppor-
ungenerous, illiberal, ugly, un- tune, befitting, pertinent, well-
sightly, ghastly. timed ; auspicious, propitious,
Handy. Dexterous, adroit, skil- favorable.
ful, ready, clever, ex-
skilled, ANT. Unlucky, unfortuna,te,
pert; convenient, near, at hand. unsuccessful, infelicitous, sor-
ANT. Remote, inconvenient, rowful, sorry, dull, lugubrious,
umoieldy, cumbrous, awkward, disappointed, desponding, un-
useless, unhandy. happy.
Hang. Rest, lean, depend, poise, Harangue. Speech, public or
suspend; attach, incline, drop, formal address, oration; bom-
decline, droop; execute; drape, bast, declamation, tirade,
adorn; dangle, be suspended, screed; effusion, rant.
adhere, rely, stick, cling; hover, ANT. Mumble, drawl, insinu-
float, play; attend. ation, suggestion, stammering,
ANT. Stand, recline, lean, reasoning, blandiloquence, stut-
lie; prop, support, uphold. tering.
Happen. Chance, occur, befall, Harass. Fatigue, tire, weary,
bechance, betide, fall, come to annoy, exhaust; vex, plague,
pass, fall out, take place, super- worry, distress, trouble, molest,
vene. disturb, torment, harry; jade,
ANT. Miss, omit, fail, pass, tease, irritate, chafe, harrow,
spare, pass by, neglect, dis- pester, perplex.
card. ANT. Relieve, refresh, com-
Happiness. Delight/ joy, pleas- fort, solace, soothe, animate, in-
ure, satisfaction, comfort, bliss, spirit.
triumph, mirth, gaiety, ecstasy, Harbinger. Herald, forerunner,
gladness, rejoicing, rapture, precursor, announcer.
contentment, merriment, bless- ANT. Reporter, narrator, fol-
edness, felicity, cheer, enjoy- lower, attendant, historian, re-
ment, well-being, light-hearted- lator.
ness, cheerfulness, brightness; Harbor, n. Asylum, refuge, shel-
beatitude, prosperity. ter, cover, retreat,
sanctuary,
ANT. Grief, sorrow, anguish, resting-place; port, haven, des-
trouble, mourning, misfortune, tination, home, anchorage.
affliction, disaster, woe, agony, ANT. Labor, toil, peril, ex-
distress, torture, torment, mel- posure, roving, wandering, voy-
ancholy. age, roaming, pilgrimage.
Happy. Gay, glad, joyous, cheer- Harbor, v. Shelter, lodge, pro-
ful, blessed, delighted, joyful, tect; entertain, indulge, foster,
E 144 ]
fear] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
cherish; secrete; accommodate,
encourage.
ANT. Eject, expel, discard,
discourage, stifle, exclude, ban-
ish, dismiss.
Hard. Firm, solid, compact, im-
penetrable, rigid,unyielding ; Hardship.
difficult, embarrassing, knotty,
puzzling, intricate, perplexing;
laborious, arduous, toilsome,
wearying, fatiguing; unkind,
insensible, cruel, oppressive,
rigorous, severe, exacting, in-
flexible, obdurate, callous, un-
feeling, unsympathetic; griev-
ous, distressing, painful, calam-
itous, unpleasant, disagreeable;
inclement, stormy, cold, severe,
tempestuous; harsh, sour, acid,
rough ; coarse, unpalatable un-
; lusty, stout, healthy, rigorous,
favorable, unprosperous, unpro-
pitious; stiff, unnatural, forced,
constrained, ungraceful ; exces-
sive, intemperate; inexplicable,
flinty, dense, stubborn, hardy,
hardened.
ANT. Soft, fluid, liquid, elas-
tic, brittle, easy, penetrable,
mild, lenient, tender, ductile,
simple, uninvolved, intelligible,
perspicuous.
Harden. Indurate, make hard;
habituate, inure, season, form,
train, accustom, discipline; for-
tify, strengthen, steel, nerve,
brace ; scar, make callous, make
obdurate; consolidate, compact.
ANT. Disinure, relax, ener-
vate, debilitate, soften, disha-
bituate, melt, mollify, vaporize,
colliquate.
Hardihood. Firmness, fortitude,
resolution, mettle, pluck, man-
hood, courage, bravery, bold-
ness, intrepidity, audacity, de-
cision, determination; effron-
tery, assurance, brass.
ANT. Weakness, effeminacy ;
timidity, fear; indecision; cow-
ardice.
[ 145
[har
Hardly. Scarcely, barely, just;
severely,rigorously, unkindly,
roughly, cruelly; merely, nar-
rowly.
ANT. Fully, amply, easily,
abundantly, largely.
Toil, fatigue, weari-
ness ; grievance, suffering, trial,
affliction, trouble, misfortune,
calamity, burden, hardness an-;
noyance, infliction, endurance.
ANT. Pleasure, amusement,
alleviation, recreation, gratifi-
cation, relief, assuagement, fa-
cilitation, treat, boon.
Hardy. Bold, intrepid, resolute,
brave, daring, valiant, heroic,
manly, stout-hearted, coura-
geous; strong, robust, firm,
hale, sound, hearty; inured,
vigorous.
ANT. Weak, uninured, irres-
olute, delicate, debilitated, ten-
der, fragile, frail, infirm.
Harm. Injury, hurt, detriment,
mischief, damage, prejudice,
disadvantage ; evil, criminality,
wrong, wickedness; misfortune,
ill, mishap.
ANT. Benefit, boon, amelio-
ration, improvement, compen-
sation, reparation, remedy,
healing.
Harmless. Innocuous, innocent,
innoxious, gentle, inoffensive ;
unhurt, unharmed, uninjured.
ANT. Noxious, hurtful, noc-
uous, savage, cruel, deadly, mis-
chievous, violent, pernicious,
destructive.
Harmonious. Concordant, har-
monic, consonant; melodious,
tuneful, musical, dulcet, mellif-
luous ; correspondent, consis-
tent, symmetrical, congruent;
friendly, cordial, amicable, fra-
ternal, brotherly, neighborly ;
accordant, proportioned, uni-
form, peaceful, agreeable.
]
liar] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hav

ANT. Discordant, incongru- ANT. Retard, impede, ob-

ous, unsJiapely, harsh, dispro- struct, demur, halt, hesitate.
portioned, unmelodious, sharp, Hasty. Quick, swift, fleet, fast,
grating, riotous, unfriendly, rapid, brisk, speedy; cursory,
unpeaceful, quarrelsome. slight, hurried, superficial;
Harmony. Concord, amity, ac- headlong, rash, reckless, pre-
cordance, unison, consent, un- cipitate, indiscreet, thought-
animity, unity, accord, agree- less; passionate, touchy, irri-
ment, uniformity, symmetry, table, petulant, waspish, ex-
union, conformity, consonance, citable, fiery, hot, irascible,
congruity, concurrence, consis- peppery, fretful ; impetuous,
tency. crude, incomplete, immature,
ANT. Hostility, separation, undeveloped.
discord, warfare, battle, vari- ANT. Tardy, slow, leisurely,
ance, conflict, disagreement, careful, reflective, developed,
disunion, dissension, conten- complete, matured, elaborate,
tion, antagonism, contest, con- thoughtful, deliberate.
troversy, schism, opposition, Hateful. Malignant, malevo-
incongruity, difference, incon- lent, malign; abominable, de-
sistency, disproportion. testable, odious, execrable, ab-
Harsh. Rough, sour, crabbed, horrent, horrid, shocking, ac-
tart, hard, biting, sharp, cor- cursed, damnable loathsome,
;

rosive, caustic; grating, dis- disgusting, nauseous, foul, re-

cordant, jarring; morose, se-
vere, stern, austere, acrimoni-
ous, ill-natured, unkind, un-
feeling; rude, uncivil, blunt, un-
gracious, gruff, brutal, bearish ;
abusive, rigorous, rancorous.
ANT. Smooth, lenient, me-
lodious, genial, kindly, suave,
bland, gentle.
Harvest. Fruit, crop, increase,
yield, result, return, proceeds,
product, growth, ingathering,
harvest-feast, harvest-festival,
harvest-time, harvest-home.
Haste. Despatch, celerity, speed,
promptitude, quickness; hurry,
precipitation, vehemence, pre-
cipitance expedition, excite-
; sess, be in possession of, re-
ment, heedlessness, swiftness.
ANT. Delay, slowness, tardi-
ness, coolness, reflection, mod-
eration, steadiness.
Hasten. Expedite, despatch, ac-
celerate,speed, hurry, hustle,
quicken, precipitate, press on,
urge forward; haste, make
haste; urge, press.
pulsive, offensive, vile, obnox-
ious, revolting, repugnant;
heinous.
ANT. Lovely, loveable, de-
sirable, delightful, attractive,
enticing, enjoyable, tempting,
pleasant.
Hatred. Enmity, dislike, hos-
tility, anger, abhorrence, aver-
sion, spite, revenge, grudge, ill
will, malice, antipathy, resent-
ment, animosity, malignity, re-
pugnance, rancor, detestation,
malevolence.
ANT. Friendship, love, be-
nevolence, charity, beneficence.
Have. Hold, occupy, own, pos-
gard, consider, esteem; wish,
require, desire; obtain, get, ac-
quire, receive, gain; be obliged,
be under necessity; take, ac-
cept; bear, bring forth; feel,
entertain, enjoy, keep.
ANT. Want, need, lose, dis-
card, forego, miss, reject, covet,
desire.

[ 146 ]
hav] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hea

Havoc. Ravage, devastation, hale, salutary, salubrious, in-

destruction, desolation, waste, vigorating, bracing.
ruin; carnage, slaughter; dem- ANT. Unhealthy, noxious,
olition, wreck. pernicious, insalubrious; ill,
ANT. Conservation, enrich- sickly, unhealthful, weak, dis-
ment, enhancement, augmen- eased, feeble, wasted, emaci-
tation, development, prosper- ated, fainting, failing, unsound,
ity, productiveness, luxuriance. worn, frail, fragile, exhausted,
Hazard, n. Chance, peril, ven- delicate.
ture, risk, casualty, accident, Heart. Organ of circulation;
contingency, danger, jeopardy, interior, center, essence, core,
fortuity. kernel disposition, mind, will,
;

ANT. Safeguard, protection, inclination, intent, passion, pur-

security, surety, certainty, ne- pose; spirit, courage, firmness,
cessity, plan, assurance, safety ; fortitude, resolution; love, af-
warrant, calculation, law. fection, feeling, emotion; con-
Hazy. Foggy, misty, nebulous, science, character, moral na-
filmy, gauzy, cloudy, murky, ture; nucleus, hardihood, life,
gloomy. benevolence.
ANT. Clear, crystalline, di- ANT. Rand,
action, aspect,
aphanous, transparent, bright, exterior, manifestation,
deed,
luminous, shining. conduct, timidity.
Head. Top, summit, acme; Heart-broken. Forlorn, dis-
front, fore part; rise, com- consolate, inconsolable, miser-
mencement, source, origin, be- able, wretched, desolate, cheer-
ginning; chief part, principal less, comfortless, in despair,
part; person, individual; chief, broken-hearted, wobegone.
chieftain, leader, commander, ANT. Cheerful, hopeful,
master, superintendent, direc- trusting.
tor; place; understand-
first Heartily. Cordially, zealously,
ing, mind, thought, intellect; sincerely, earnestly.
topic, subject; class, section, ANT. Half-heartedly, insin-
department, category, division; cerely, indifferently.
seat of the brain crown, ruler,
; Hearty. Earnest, warm, cor-
crisis, gathering, culmination, dial, sincere, true, deep, pro-
leadership, guide. found, heartfelt, unfeigned; ac-
ANT. Tail, bottom, foot, fol- tive, zealous, vigorous, ener-
loicer, servant, retainer, sub- getic, animated; healthy, hale,
ordinate, subordination, inferi- sound, strong, well, robust;
ority, body, bulk, substance, abundant, full, heavy; nour-
continuation. ishing, rich, nutritious; hon-
Heal. Cure, remedy, restore; est, genuine.
reconcile, compose, soothe, har- ANT. Delicate, infirm, un-
monize, settle; be cured, get healthy, cold, insincere, hol-
well ; repair, assuage, cicatrize. low, dissembling, deceptive, de-
ANT. Harm, hurt, wound, ceitful, hypocritical, false.
pierce, ulcerate. Heat. Warmth, high tempera-
Healthy. Healthful, sanitary, ture; excitement, flush, vehe-
hearty, hygienic, well, vigor- mence, impetuosity, passion,
ous, strong, sound, wholesome, violence, fever; ardor, earnest-
[ 147 ]
hea] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hei

ness, fervor, eeal; contest, race, dious, weary, tiresome, weari-

struggle; intensity, ebullition. some ; loaded, encumbered, bur-
ANT. Coolness, indifference, dened; miry, muddy, clayey,
calmness, subsidence, compo- cloggy. 8 ggy> ill-raised; tem-
sure, reflection. pestuous, stormy, strong, vio-
Heathenish. Heathen, pagan, lent, energetic, boisterous; im-
Gentile; cruel, savage, inhu- penetrable, stolid; loud, deep,
man, ferocious ; unconverted, roaring; dense, dark, gloomy,
unChristian, unbelieving, un- cloudy, lowering; thick.
civilized. ANT. Light, trifling, trivial,
ANT. Christian, believing, agile, active, joyous, brisk, al~
refined, civilized, polished. leviative, quick, consolatory,
Heave. Lift, hoist, raise, ele- buoyant, inspiriting, animat-
vate; breathe, exhale; throw, ing.
toss, hurl, fling, send; uplift, Hector. Threaten, bully, men-
upraise, subelevate. ace; vex, tease, annoy, worry,
ANT. Dash, sink, lower, de- fret, irritate, provoke, harass,
trude, precipitate. harry; swagger, bluster, boast,
Heaven. Firmament, sky, wel- vaunt.
kin, empyrean; Paradise, bliss, ANT. Cower, shrink, hide,
Elysium; felicity, transport, ec- abscond, skulk.
stasy, happiness, rapture, tran- Heed. Observe, regard, notice,
scendent delight. mind, attend, harken to, listen
ANT. Gehenna, limbo, abyss, to, obey, care, be wary or cau-
Hades, Tartarus, Avernus, in- tious.
fernal regions; misery, agony, ANT. Slight, ignore, disre-
torment, remorse. gard, neglect, omit, overlook.
Heavenly. Celestial, divine, an- Heedful. Observing, regardful,
gelic, seraphic, cherubic, god- watchful, careful, cautious, at-
like, saintly, sainted, blessed, tentive, wary, provident, cir-
holy, beatific, beatified, glori- cumspect, mindful.
fied, blest; enrapturing, rav- ANT. Heedless, careless, un-
ishing, rapturous, transport- observing, thoughtless, unob-
ing, ecstatic, delightful, bliss- servant, inattentive, negligent,
ful, golden. regardless, unmindful, neglect-
ANT. Demoniacal, diaboli- ful, remiss, inconsiderate, pre-
cal, foul, hideous, fiendish, hell- cipitate, reckless, headlong,
ish, infernal; terrene, human, rash.
terrestrial. Height. Altitude, elevation;
Heavy. Weighty, ponderous, eminence, summit, top, apex,
oppressive, grievous, severe, acme; hill, mountain; exalta-
burdensome, cumbersome, af- tion, stature, dignity, lofti-
flictive; sluggish, inert,
dull, ness, grandeur; tallness, cul-
inactive, stupid, torpid, indo- mination, crisis.
lent, slow, lifeless, inanimate; ANT. Depth, lowness, de-
dejected, depressed, sorrowful, pression, base, littleness, abase-
sad, gloomy, despondent, mel- ment ; profundity.
ancholy, disconsolate, crushed, Heighten. Elevate, raise; mag-
do\vncast, crestfallen; onerous, nify, exalt, ennoble; increase,
difficult, laborious, hard; te- enhance, augment, improve;
hei] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hid

aggravate, intensify; color, ex- ageous, bold, daring, intrepid,

aggerate, vivify, amplify, lift fearless, dauntless, noble, mag-
up. nanimous, gallant; epic; vio-
ANT. Lower, diminish, de- lent, extreme, desperate, ex-
press, abase, deteriorate, tem- travagant; undaunted, chival-
per, tone, modify, qualify, ex- rous, romantic.
tenuate. ANT. Dastardly, cowardly,
Heinous. Flagrant, flagitious, cravenly, fearful, timorous.
infamous, villainous, nefarious, Hesitate. Doubt, pause, delay,
wicked, atrocious, enormous, demur, waver, vacillate; falter,
monstrous; hateful, detestable, stammer ; dubitate, scruple.
odious, abominable, execrable. ANT. Decide, run, flow, de-
ANT. Excellent, laudable, dis- termine, precipitate.
tinguished, praiseworthy, justi- Heterodox. Unsound, unortho-
fiable, meritorious, excusable. dox, heretical, freethinking.
Help. Foster, aid, assist, encour- ANT. Sound, orthodox.
age, succor, uphold, sustain, Heterogeneous. Unlike, vari-
support, abet, cooperate, sec- ant, various, confused, con-
ond, stand by, befriend, rem- glomerate, mingled, mixed, dis-
edy, prevent, avoid, promote, cordant, miscellaneous, dissim-
relieve. ilar, non-homogeneous ; alien,
ANT.Obstruct, incur, resist, strange, different, opposed, con-
aggravate, oppose, thwart, dis- trary, contrasted.
courage, iC'ithstand, counteract. ANT. Homogeneous, identi-
Hereditary. Ancestral, patri- same, pure, uniform,
cal, like,
monial transmitted,
;
inher- similar, alike, accordant, con-
ited; lineal. gruous.
ANT. Conferred, acquired, Hew. Cut, chop, hack; smooth,
icon, achieved. fashion, form mold, model, en- ;

Heresy. Heterodoxy, error, un- grave, carve, sculpture, turn.

sound doctrine, schism, unor- ANT. Leave intact.
thcdoxy. Hibernal. Wintry, brumal, arc-
ANT. Orthodoxy, catholicity ; tic, glacial, frigid.
convention, prevailing belief. ANT. Summery, balmy, zeph-
Heretic. Dissenter, schismatic, yrous, halcyon, tropical.
nonconformist, heresiarch. Hide. Conceal, secrete, mask,
ANT. Orthodox believer, fa- dissemble, protect, store, dis-
natic, adherent. guise, screen, cover, burrow, en-
Heritage. Inheritance, entail- sconce; suppress, shelter, with-
ment, legacy, bequest, portion, hold, cloak, veil, bury, inter,
patrimony, estate. entomb, overwhelm.
ANT. Wages, acquisition, ANT. Expose, disclose, dis-
merit, compensation. cover, exhume, show, tell, raise,
Hermetically. Secretly, myste- reveal, unveil, unmask, uncover,
riously, mystically, occultly, exhibit, confess, betray, avow,
emblematically, symbolically ; divulge, disinter, make known,
air-tight, closely. lay bare, lay open, publish, ad-
ANT. Loosely, misfittingly ; vertise, manifest, promulgate,
openly. admit; strip.
Heroic. Brave, valiant, cour- Hideous. Frightful, dreadful,
[ 149 ]
big] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hoi

appalling, horrible, ghastly, archives, narration, muniment,

terrible, horrid, grim, shock- memorial, autobiography, bi-
ing, grisly; unshapely, ugly, ography.
monstrous. ANT. Fiction, fable.
ANT. Graceful, beautiful, at- Hit. Strike; reach, attain, win,
tractive, captivating. secure, gain ; suit, accord with ;
High. Prominent, superior, dis- clash, collide; succeed, be suc-
tinguished, preeminent; dig- cessful; chance, hazard, touch,
nified, great, admirable; recon- mistake.
dite, abstruse, occult, profound, ANT. Fail, err, miss, mis-
dark, obscure, transcendental; chance, swerve, deflect, over-
proud, haughty, arrogant, su- shoot.
percilious, lordly; boastful, os- Hitch. Catch, get stuck or im-
tentatious, bragging, vain-glo- peded; go by jerks; fasten,
rious ; despotic, domineering, unite, connect, tie, attach; bar,,
overbearing, tyrannical; turbu- stick, stitkle, jam.
lent, violent, strong, tumultu- ANT. Run, glide, slide, ro-
ous, boisterous; extreme; tate, flow, continue.
complete, full; dear; shrill, Hoard. Store, deposit, save, gar-
acute, sharp, high-pitched ; ner, husband, hive, accumu-
northerly, southerly ; early, late, amass, treasure.
primeval capital, principal ;
; ANT. Waste, squander, dis-
strong-flavored; noble, exalted, sipate, scatter.
steep, tall, towering, uplifted, Hoarse. Husky, raucous; gra-
elevated, eminent, lofty. ting, rough, harsh, low, gut-
ANT. Low, base, degraded, tural, gruff.
inferior, mean, short, stunted, ANT. Melodious, rich, mel-
depressed, dwarfed, ignoble. low, sweet, mellifluous.
Hinder. Delay, embarrass, op- Hoary. Hoar, white, gray, sil-
pose, prevent, stay, stop, re- very, frosty.
tard, hamper, impede, baffle, en- ANT. Dark, raven, jet, black.
cumber, check, bar, clog, coun- Hoax. Deceive, cheat, impose
teract, frustrate, foil, inter- upon; befool, bamboozle, trick,
rupt, obstruct, resist, thwart, dupe.
block, balk, debar. ANT. Guide, enlighten, in-
ANT. Quicken, hasten, speed, form, undeceive, direct, regu-
accelerate, expedite, enable, fa- late, correct.
promote.
cilitate, Hobby. Nag, hobby-horse; pur-
Hinge. Turn, depend, hang, be suit, whim, amusement, spe-
dependent; move, work, rotate, cialty, idiosyncrasy.
circulate. ANT. Nuisance, horror, aver-
ANT. Halt, jar, grate, pre- sion, incubus, bugbear, scare-
abrade; give, fail.
cipitate, crow.
Hire. Engage, commission, rent, Hold. Possess, retain, have, oc-
employ; bribe, buy up; lease, cupy; clasp, grasp, clutch,
let. clinch restrain, confine, im-
;

ANT. Buy, purchase. prison, detain; bind, fasten,

History. Annals, chronicle, re- unite, connect; stop, stay, ar-
cital, memoir, narrative, rec- rest, suspend, withhold; sup-
ord, register, story, account, port, maintain, sustain, con-

[ 150 ]
hoi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
tinue, prosecute; embrace, en-
tertain, cherish; heed, regard,
consider, notice, judge, esteem,
count, reckon, deem; contain,
admit; celebrate, solemnize; as-
semble, convene ; cohere, ad-
here, cling, stick, cleave; be
firm, be fast, persist, last, en-
dure; be derived; think, be of
opinion, believe; stand, be
true.
ANT. Drop, surrender, fail,
abandon, desert, release, forego,
vacate, concede, break, cease;
speed, accelerate; give, dis-
pense; disperse.
Hollow, a. Empty, void, va-
cant, vacuous, cavernous ; in-
sincere, false, faithless, hypo-
critical, treacherous, deceitful,
false-hearted, pharisaical ; ar-
tificial, concave, insubstantial,
flimsy, transparent, senseless,
unsound; deep, low, rumbling.
ANT. Full, solid, firm, sin-
cere, well-stored, strong, true,
sound, genuine, substantial.
Holy. Hallowed, sacred, conse-
crated, blessed, devoted, set
apart; righteous, saintly, spir-
itual, devout, saintlike, godly,
religious, heavenly-minded, pi-
ous, pure; reverend, sanctified,
divine.
ANT. Cursed, polluted, un-
sanctified, unconsecrated, un-
hallowed, wicked, worldly, ab-
ominable, common, impure, un-
holy, secular, profane, evil.
Homage. Fealty, allegiance, de-
votion, loyalty, fidelity; rever-
ence, obeisance, respect, def-
erence, duty, service, honor;
worship, adoration affiance,
; probity, rectitude; pride, nobil-
submission, veneration.
ANT. Treason, rebellion, de-
fiance, insubordination, disaf-
fection.
Home. Habitation, hearth, resi-
dence, house, abode, dwelling,
[hon
domicil, fireside, hearthstone,
ingleside.
Homely. Domestic, homelike ;
plain, coarse, uncomely, inele-
gant, homespun; rather ugly.
ANT. Handsome, beautiful,
courtly, refined, elegant.
Honest. Honorable, fair, open,
straightforward, equitable; up-
right, virtuous, conscientious,
just, true, faithful, trusty, re-
liable, trustworthy; genuine,
thorough ; decent, reputable, re-
spectable, creditable, suitable,
proper; chaste; truthful, in-
genuous, sincere, frank, unre-
served, candid, good.
ANT. Lying, unscrupulous,
mendacious, untrue, deceitful,
dishonest, false, hypocritical,
fraudulent, disingenuous, per-
fidious, faithless, treacherous,
unfaithful, traitorous; dishon-
orable, improper, wrong, insin-
cere, vicious.
Honesty. Integrity, upright-
ness, probity, justice, fairness,
equity, honor, fidelity, faithful-
ness; truth, truthfulness, ve-
racity; genuineness, thorough-
ness; chastity, virtue; sincer-
ity, candor, frankness, open-
ness, unreserve, ingenuousness ;
straightforwardness, rectitude.
ANT. Insincerity, trickery,
dishonesty, guile, fraud, decep-
tion, unfairness, chicanery.
Honor. Veneration, reverence,
respect, homage, deference, civ-
ility; dignity, elevation, dis-
tinction ; majesty reputation,
;
repute, fame, esteem, credit,
glory, consideration; integrity,
ity,eminence, high-mindedness,
spirit, self-respect, grandeur,
renown.
ANT. Contempt, irreverence,
disrespect, slight, obscurity, de~
moralization, degradation, de~
hon] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
basement, disgrace, cowardice, ANT. Love, attraction, en-
infamy, dishonor. ticement, allurement.
Honorable. Honest, upright, Horse. Steed, charger, stallion,
high-minded, illustrious, noble, gelding, mare, colt, pony, nag,
great, just, fair, trustworthy, courser, barb, filly, palfrey;
conscientious, virtuous, esti- cavalry, horsemen; stand, sup-
mable, reputable, right, proper, port, frame.
creditable, equitable. Hospitable. Generous, liberal,
ANT. Dishonorable, dishon- bountiful, open, kind, uncon-
est, false, treacherous. strained, unreserved, receptive,
Honorary. Unofficial, nominal, large-minded; sociable, neigh-
gratuitous, titular, unremuner- borly, charitable.
ative. ANT. Unsociable, exclusive,
ANT. Professional, official, retired, recluse, unneighborly t
remunerative, jurisdictional. churlish.
Hoot. Shout ; cry like an owl ; Host. Entertainer innkeeper,
;

denounce, hiss, execrate, cry landlord; army, legion; multi-

down, decry, sibilate.
ANT. Salute, welcome, cheer,
"honor, acclaim, eulogize.
Hope. Trust, confidence, faith,
reliance expectancy, expecta-
; guest, traveler, boarder, lodger.
tion, possibility ; dependence ;
anticipation, prospect, longing,
vision, desire.
ANT. Despair, despondency,
distrust, abandonment,
lief,abjuration.
Horizontal. Plain, flat,
even, plane.
ANT. Vertical, inclined, un-
even, slanting, sloping, hilly,
"broken, irregular, rough, roll-
ing, rugged.
Horrible. Horrid, frightful, ter-
rible, terrific, alarming, dire,
portentous, appalling, horrific,
horrifying, formidable, awful,
harrowing, dreadful, hideous,
fearful ;abominable, ghastly,
detestable, hateful, direful.
ANT. Lovely, desirable, en-
joyable, attractive, beautiful,
fair, pleasant, amiable.
Horror. Fright, alarm, dread.
fear, consternation, terror, af-
fright, dismay, panic; abomi-
nation, abhorrence, detestation,
disgust, hatred, shuddering, an-
tipathy; shrinking.
tude, horde, throng, number, as-
semblage.
ANT. Handful, sprinkling,
group, knot, corps, section;
Hostage. Sponsor, bail, surety.
ANT. Dictator, conqueror.
Hostile. Inimical, unfriendly ;
adverse, opposite, contrary, re-
disbe- pugnant, opposing, opposed.
ANT. Friendly, kindly, ami-
level, cable, neighborly, cordial, con-
genial.
Hostility. Enmity, animosity,
hatred, unfriendliness, ill will;
opposition, repugnance, vari*
ance, contrariety.
ANT. Companionship, con-
geniality, sympathy, harmony,
fellow-feeling, concord, alliance,
kindliness, friendship.
Hot. Burning, fiery, scalding,
heated, very warm; irascible,
impetuous, excitable, passion-
ate, hasty, furious, violent; ar-
dent, fervent, vehement, eager,
glowing, animated, fervid; bit-
ing, pungent, sharp, acrid, pep-
pery, stinging, piquant, high-
flavored; choleric.
ANT. Cold, frigid, cool, arc-
tic, chilled, chilly, boreal, bleak,
wintry, frosty, icy; apatheticf
[ 152
hug] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [hyb

unresponsive, unfeeling, stoical, Humid. Damp, wet, moist, va-

passionless, uninspiring, dull, porous, dank, spongy.
dead, indifferent, unconcerned. ANT. Dry, arid, moisture'
Huge. Immense, enormous, co- less, parched.
lossal, vast, bulky,stupendous, Humor, n. Disposition, temper,
gigantic, elephantine, Hercu- bent, propensity, bias, predilec-
lean, Cyclopean, large, great, tion; mood, frame of mind,
monstrous, prodigious. fancy, caprice, whim, freak, va-
ANT. Petty, pigmy, puny, gary, crotchet; pleasantry, fun,
undersized, small, minute. jocularity, wit, facetiousness.
Human. Cosmical, ethnical, an- ANT. Nature, personality t
thropological, rational, civil- mind, purpose, will, seriousness.
ized. Humorous. Facetious, jocular,
ANT. Inhuman,
beastly, ir- jocose, funny, comical, sport-
rational, animal, brutish. ive, comic, ludicrous, pleasant,
Humane. Kind, benevolent, be- witty.
nignant, accommodating, ten- ANT. Grave, serious, sober,
der, compassionate, charitable, matter-of-fact, solemn, sad.
sympathetic, gentle, clement, Hurry, n. Flutter, flurry, pre-
kind-hearted ; tender-hearted ; cipitation, confusion, bluster,
elevating, refining, cultivating, bustle, agitation, perturbation;
rational, spiritual, humaniz- haste, despatch, celerity, expe-
ing; benign, merciful, gracious, dition, quickness, promptness.
pitying, human, forgiving. ANT. Slowness; composure.
AXT. Barbarous ; inhuman, Hurry, Haste, hasten, move
v.
unkind, cruel, unmerciful. quickly; urge, speed, expedite,
Humanity. Mankind benevo- ;
despatch, accelerate.
lence, kindness, philanthropy, AXT. Delay, retard, slow
tenderness, sympathy, charity, down; loiter, saunter, move
humaneness, good nature; hu- slowly.
man spirit, rationality, reason, Hurt, n. Damage, harm, injury,
culture; man, compassion, sen- mischief, disadvantage, detri-
sibility. ment, wound.
ANT. Unkindness, cruelty, ANT. Benefit, pleasure.
inhumanity, irrationality, bes- Hurt, v. Injure, harm, damage,
tiality, barbarity. impair, mar; pain, wound;
Humanize. Soften, make hu- grieve, afflict, bruise.
mane civilize, cultivate,
; re- ANT. Heal, soothe, console,
fine, polish, improve, enlighten, repair, benefit, compensate, re-
reclaim, educate; ameliorate, instate.
christianize. Hurtful. Harmful, injurious,
ANT. Barbarize, degrade, de- mischievous, detrimental, dele-
base, brutalize, depress. terious, disadvantageous, bane-
Humble. Meek, modest, unas- ful, noxious, prejudicial, per-
suming, unobtrusive, lowly, un- nicious, baleful.
pretending, submissive, small, ANT. Helpful, beneficial, ad-
poor, low; obscure. vantageous, wholesome, salubri-
ANT. High, lofty, assuming, ous, good, sanative, remedial.
pretentious, proud, boastful, ar- Hybrid. Mixed, impure, mon
rogant, eminent. grel, mule, half-breed.
153 ]
typ] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Pure, unmixed, thor-
oughbred.
Hypocrisy. Formalism, Pharisa-
ism, cant, pietism, sanctimoni-
ousness, assumed piety; deceit,
deception, dissimulation, false
profession, imposture ; sancti-
mony, pretense, sham, affecta-
tion.
ANT. Sincerity, transpar-
ency, truth, honesty, genuine-
ness, candor, frankness, open-
ness, ingenuousness, truthful-
ness.
Hypocrite. Deceiver, impostor,
pretender, cheat, dissembler ;
Pharisee, formalist.
Idea. Concept, conception, im-
pression, judgment, plan, opin-
ion, purpose, conceit, design,
fancy, pattern, thought, theory,
belief, image, imagination, no-
tion, supposition, ideal, appre-
hension, fantasy, model, senti-
ment, archetype; doctrine, un-
derstanding; fiction.
ANT. Object, form, subject;
substance, fact, actuality, re-
ality.
Ideal, n. Idea, archetype, orig-
inal, model, standard, proto-
type.
ANT. Fact, performance, re-
ality, practice, act, accomplish-
ment, achievement, action, re-
alization, attainment, develop-
ment, doing, incarnation, em-
bodiment, execution.
Ideal, a. Mental, conceptional,
intellectual, notional, creative,
spiritual, poetical, suppositi-
tious, unreal, fictitious, imagi-
nary, fanciful, imaginative,
chimerical.
ANT. Physical, material,
[ 154
[idi
ANT. Saint, believer, Chris-
tian; dupe, bigot, fanatic, sim-
pleton.
Hypocritical. Canting, Phari-
saical, sanctimonious; insin-
cere, dissembling, false, hollow,
faithless, deceitful, unctuous,
smug, smooth, mincing.
ANT. Candid, truthful, sin-
cere, plain-spoken, transparent,
genuine.
Hypothesis. Scheme, specula-
tion, system, supposition, con-
jecture, guess, surmise, theory.
ANT. Certainty, demonstra-
tion, evidence, fact, proof, dis-
covery.
tangible, historical,
visible,
substantial, real, actual, pal-
pable.
Ideality. Imagination, concep-
tion, invention, fancy, creative-
ness, genius.
ANT. Imitation, uninven-
tiveness, copyism, unimagina-
tiveness; literaliti/.
Identical. Same, selfsame, not
different; particular.
ANT. Different, separate,
contrary.
Identify. Prove identical, make
identical, confound; unite, in-
tegrate, incorporate, recognize,
verify.
ANT. Divide, disunite, con-
found, confuse, overlook, mis-
take.
Identity. Sameness, unity, one-
ness, union, personality, indi-
viduality, convertibility.
ANT. Difference, separate-
ness, distinctness, contrariety,
plurality.
Idiocy. Imbecility; foolishness,
fatuity, irrationality ; aberra-
]
idi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ill

tion, insanity; stupidity, folly, serving ignominy, contempt-

senselessness, incapacity. ible.
ANT. Intelligence, sagacity, ANT. Honorable, creditable,
wisdom, capacity, brilliancy, as- reputable, estimable, worthy.
tuteness, acuteness, sense, com- Ignominy. Dishonor, disgrace,,
mon sense, soundness; sanity, discredit, shame, infamy, dis-
judgment. repute, contempt, obloquy,
Idiom. Specialty, phrase, turn, opprobrium, scandal, abase-
peculiarity, characteristic. ment, odium; reprobation, re-
ANT. Barbarism, solecism. proach.
Idiosyncrasy. Peculiarity, idi- ANT. Credit, honor, reputa-
ocrasy; constitution, tempera- tion, glory, luster, distinction*
ment, specialty, characteristic, renown.
individuality, singularity, ec- Ignoramus. Smatterer, novice,
centricity. wiseacre, dunce, simpleton, dul-
ANT. Community, univer- lard, greenhorn, numskull.
sality, generality. ANT. Savant, sage, lumi-
Idiot. Fool, natural, imbecile. nary.
ANT. Sage, authority, lu- Ignorance. Illiteracy, stupid-
minary. ity, nescience, blindness, dark-
Idle. Unbusied, unused, leisure ; ness.
useless, ineffectual, fruitless, ANT. Knowledge, wisdom,,
bootless, unavailing, vain, abor- sense, learning, erudition.
tive, futile; trifling, trivial, un- Ignorant. Illiterate, unlearned,
important, trashy, foolish, un- unlettered, unskilled, untaught,
profitable; waste, empty; indo- untutored, uneducated, ill-in-
lent, inert, lazy, slothful, unoc- formed, uninstructed, unin-
cupied, vacant, inactive, slug- formed.
gish, unemployed. ANT. Educated, learned, in-
ANT.Active, busy, diligent, structed, sage, wise, skilled, cul-
industrious, employed, work- tured, trained, well-informed*
ing; occupied; tilled; filled, cultivated.
populated; assiduous. Ignore. Disregard, neglect, over-
Idolize. Deify; adore, worship, look, not recognize; set aside,,
reverence, venerate. reject; disown, repudiate.
ANT. LoatJie, abominate, ex- ANT. Own, notice, recognize,
ecrate, abhor. mark, visit, avow, claim.
Ignoble. Plebeian, vulgar, un- HI, n. Wickedness, depravity,
titled, baseborn, low, mean, evil ; misfortune, calamity, af-
rustic, peasant; worthless, in- misery, harm, pain.
fliction,
significant, contemptible; dis- ANT. Oood, blessing, for-
honorable, disgraceful, inferior, tune; righteousness, integrity t
unworthy; humble. honor.
ANT. Honorable, eminent, HI, a. Bad, evil, unfortunate,
exalted, noble, lordly, illustri- unfavorable ;. wicked, wrong, in-
ous, grand, notable. iquitous, naughty; sick, ailing,,
Ignominious. Dishonorable, in- diseased, disordered, poorly, in-
famous, disgraceful, shameful, disposed; cross, crabbed, surly,
scandalous, disreputable, op- peevish, hateful, malicious; ill-
probrious; despicable, base, de- favored, ugly.
[ 155 ]
ill] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Well, strong, good, vig-
orous, healthy, robust, hearty,
hale.
Ill-bred, impolite, uncivil, un-
courteous, uncourtly, uncouth,
unpolished, rude, ill-behaved,
ill-mannered.
ANT. Polite, well-behaved,
civil, refined, courteous.
Illuminate. Light, illumine, il-
lume enlighten, make wise, in-
;
struct, inspire; emblazon, irra-
diate.
ANT. DarJcen, obscure, be-
dim, mislead, delude.
Illusion. Delusion, hallucina-
tion, deception, error, fallacy,
mockery, fantasy, phantasm,
chimera; dream, vision, myth.
ANT. Body, substance, form,
reality, actuality, essence.
Illusive. Delusive, deceptive, de-
ceitful, fallacious ;visionary,
unreal, disappointing, fugitive,
erroneous, false, imaginary, il-
lusory, chimerical.
ANT. Substantial, real, true,
satisfactory, solid, permanent.
Illustrate. Elucidate, explain, ex-
emplify, make
clear; interpret,
demonstrate, represent, embody,
paint, image; adorn with pic-
tures.
ANT.Obscure, misinterpret,
confuse, mystify, darken, mis-
represent.
Illustrious. Glorious, splendid,
brilliant, bright, radiant; fa-
mous, famed, noted, renowned,
distinguished, celebrated, emi-
nent, signal, remarkable, con-
spicuous; deathless, noble.
ANT. Ignominious, disgrace-
ful, infamous, inglorious, dis-
reputable.
HI will. Malevolence, unkind-
ness, malice, enmity, hatred,
hate, rancor, envy, grudge, un-
charitableness, ill nature; an-
tipathy, dislike, aversion.
I 156
[ima
ANT. Good will, benevolence,
beneficence.
Im- or In-. This prefix, which
isregularly in-, and which be-
comes il- before I, ir- before r,
and im- before a labial, means
in, into, on, or among, or de-
notes the negative not, or, occa-
sionally, has a simple intensive
meaning. Such words as begin
with this prefix without modi-
fication of the combined mean-
ing of the prefix and root word,
will be easily derived from the
antonyms and synonyms of the
root words. Others of more de-
rived meaning are found here.
Image. Statue; idol, object of
worship; likeness, effigy, figure,
resemblance, similitude, repre-
sentation, picture; trope, meta-
phor; idea, copy, conception,
fiction, shadow, vision.
ANT.Person, original, sub-
stance, subject, object, reality,
truth, verity.
Imagery. Phantasm, phantom,
vision, dream; tropes, figures
of speech, poetry, fancy, illus-
tration, metaphor, similitude.
ANT. Prose, statement, fact.
Imagination. Conception, in-
vention, ideality, fancy, fan-
tasy, creative power; esemplas-
tic faculty; idea, notion; con-
trivance, scheme, device, plot;
illusion.
Imaginative. Inventive, crea-
tive, plastic, poetical, esem-
plastic, poetic; conceptive, ro-
mantic, ideal, original.
ANT. Unimaginative, unpo-
etical, prosaic, unromantio, lit-
eral, uninventive, matter-of~
fact.
Imagine. Conceive, think, im-
age, fancy, picture; devise, con-
trive, frame, project, invent,
create, mold; suppose, assume;
deem, apprehend, believe; sur-
]
imb] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [imm

mise, understand, fabricate, pre- Immanent. Intrinsic, inherent,

sume. internal, indwelling; empiri-
ANT. Represent, exhibit, de- cal; innate, subjective, congen-
pict, prove, demonstrate, verify, ital, ingrained, natural, implic-
substantiate. it.

Imbecile, a. Weak, feeble, help- ANT. Emanant, transitive,

less, infirm, decrepit; foolish, developed, projectile, exsilient,
witless, idiotic, driveling, fat- phenomenal, explicit, acciden-
uous. tal, transcendental, transeunt.
ANT. Shrewd, clever, saga- Immaterial. Incorporeal, un-
cious. bodied, unfleshly, spiritual, su-
Imbecility. Weakness, debility, persensible ; unimportant, in-
feebleness, infirmity, helpless- significant, unessential, non-
ness; foolishness, childishness, essential, trivial, trifling.
idiocy, fatuity, dotage, senil- ANT. Material, physical, im~
ity. portant, corporeal, essential.
ANT. Strength, energy, vi- Immature. Unripe, crude, raw,
rility, vigor, power. green, unformed, unprepared,
Imbibe. Absorb, take in, suck imperfect, rudimentary, unfin-
in, swallow up ; receive, gather, ished premature, hasty, unsea-
;

gain, acquire, get, pick up; as- sonable, untimely ; undeveloped,

similate, learn. ANT. Ripe, complete, devel-
ANT. Discard, reject, re- oped, mature, finished.
nounce, disavow, abjure, repudi- Immeasurable. Illimitable, un-
ate. bounded, boundless, limitless,
Imitate. Copy, follow, pattern measureless, immense, infinite;
after; mimic, ape, mock, im- vast, unfathomable.
personate, take off; burlesque, ANT. Finite, limited, air"
travesty, parody; represent, re- cumscribed, restricted, shallow,
semble, portray, depict, repeat, bounded.
counterfeit. Immediate. Proximate, close,
ANT. Misrepresent, carica- near, next; direct, unmediated;
ture, alter, vary, distort, re- instantaneous, instant, pres-
model, differentiate, dissimilate, ent; contiguous.
modify. ANT. Distant, remote, medi-
Imitative. Imitating, copying, ate, future.
mimicking, aping, apish, cari- Immediately. Presently, thi
caturing, unoriginal, servile. instant, straightway, directly,
ANT. Original, creative, in- forthwith, at once, now, right
ventive. off, instantly, without delay.
Immaculate. Spotless, unspot- ANT. Hereafter, by and by,
ted, stainless, unsullied, un- after a while, sometime.
soiled, untainted,unblemished, Immemorial. Olden, ancient,
untarnished, clean, pure, un- hoary, archaic, primitive, re-
defiled; innocent, guiltless, mote, time-honored, primor-
sinless, faultless, fair, holy, dial.
saintly; virgin, unpolluted. ANT. Recent, modern, late,
ANT. Impure, corrupt, sin- fresh, upstart.
fid, contaminated, defiled, pol- Immerse. Dip, plunge, sub-
luted, tainted, spotted. merge, sink, douse, duck, bury;
[ 157 3
immj SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [imp

soak, steep, macerate, drown, tation, impetuosity; heat, vio-

inundate, overwhelm. lence of temper, irritability, ir-
ANT. Dry, drain, parch, ven- ritableness.
tilate, air, ground, strand. ANT. Patience, calmness, en-
Immigration. Migration, colo- durance, composure, leniency,
nization, settlement. submission, forbearance, long-
ANT. Exodus, emigration. suffering.
Imminent. Impending, hover- Impediment. Bar, hindrance,
ing, threatening. obstacle, obstruction, difficulty,
ANT. Improbable, doubtful, clog, encumbrance, stumbling-
unexpected, unlikely, contin- block, check.
gent, chimerical, problematical; ANT. Assistance, aid, bene-
tcarded, staved, escaped. fit, help, relief, succor, advan-
Immunity. Freedom, exemp- tage; aidance, support, further
tion, release, exoneration; pre- ance.
rogative, privilege, right, lib- Imperative. Commanding, au*
erty, charter, franchise; dis- thoritative, peremptory; bind-
pensation. ing, obligatory; urgent, irre-
ANT. Liability, obligation, sistible, dictatorial, inexorable,
jurisdiction, impost, amenabil- compulsory.
ity, burden. ANT. Indulgent, lenient, sup~
Imp. Sprite, hobgoblin, demon, plicatory, mild, optional, di*-
devil, flibbertigibbet, scamp, cretional, entreative.
brat. Imperial. Belonging to an em-
ANT. Cherub, angel. pire, kingly, regal, sovereign,
Impact. Impulse, shock, impres- royal; majestic, grand, magni-
sion, stroke; collision, contact, ficent, exalted, great, noble, SU'
striking, impinging ; applica- preme, consummate, superb.
tion. ANT. Ignoble, servile, slav*
ANT. Isolation, separation, ish, beggarly, mean, paltry.
interval, removal, avoidance, Imperious. Magisterial, dicta-
non-contact, shave. torial, despotic, domineering,
Impair. Deteriorate, vitiate, in- tyrannical, overbearing, lordly,
jure, harm, make worse; les- haughty, arrogant, authorita-
sen, diminish, decrease; ener- tive, exacting.
vate, weaken, enfeeble; reduce, ANT. Yielding, compliant,
damage. submissive, gentle, mild, docile,
ANT. Enhance, improve, re- ductile.
pair, augment, better, increase. Impetuous. Fierce, vehement,
Impassioned. Passionate, vehe- violent, furious, passionate, pre-
ment, impetuous, animated, ex- cipitate, hasty, headlong, over-
citing, glowing, intense, fervid, zealous, reckless, rash, exciti
fervent, warm, ardent, zealous; able.
spirited. ANT. Careful, slow, deliber-
ANT. Cool, impassive, unim- ate, thoughtful, reflective, lei-

passioned, apathetic, indiffer- surely.

ent. Implement. Utensil, tool, appli-
Impatience. Uneasiness, dis- ance, instrument.
quietude, restlessness ; haste, ANT. Labor, work, science,
vehemence, eagerness, precipi- art, agriculture, manufacture.
[ 158 ]
Imp] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [imp

Implicate. Entangle, enfold, in- sequential; expressive, leading,

volve, connect, associate, com- main, relevant, considerable, es-
promise, charge, incriminate. sential, great, dignified.
ANT. Disconnect, extricate, ANT. Insignificant, trivial,
acquit, dissociate. inconsiderable, irrelevant, sec-
Implication. Entanglement, in- ondary, petty, mean, uninfluen-
volution inference, conclusion ;
; tial, minor, unimportant.
intricacy, complication; con- Importunate. Urgent, pertina-
cealment, latency; allusion, in- cious, pressing, teasing, busy,,
sinuation, innuendo, adumbra- solicitous, overurgent, overen-
tion. treative.
ANT. Arrangement, system, ANT. Modest, diffident, self-
orderliness; manifestation, ex- reliant, self-respecting.
pression, exposition, demonstra- Importune. Urge, entreat, press,,
tion, production. solicit, dun, beset, pester, tease,
Implicit. Understood, implied, worry, trouble.
inferred, tacit; unreserved, un- ANT. Surrender, sacrifice,
hesitating, firm, steadfast, un- abandon; grant, bestow.
shaken, undoubtlng; involved. Impose. Put, set, lay, place;,
ANT. Expressed, explicit, de- appoint, enjoin, prescribe; ob-
veloped, stated, plain, specific, trude, palm off, pass; inflict,
unambiguous. subject.
Imply. Involve, import, include, ANT. Remove, disburden, un-
signify, mean, indicate, suggest, load, free; hold up, arrest, dis-
hint, denote. close.
ANT. Express, declare, state, Imposing. Stately, august, ma-
pronounce. jestic,grand, noble, command-
Import, n. Meaning, sense, pur- ing, impressive; striking, effec-
port, drift, signification, gist, tive, dignified.
spirit, bearing, tenor, inten- ANT. Petty, undignified, un-
tion. imposing, insignificant, paltry,
ANT. Statement, proceeding. puny.
Import, v. Bring into; purport, Imposition. Imposing, putting,
denote, imply, betoken, signify, placing, laying; burden, levy,
mean; concern, be of signifi- tax, constraint, oppression, in-
cance to; introduce. junction ; deception, fraud, arti-
ANT. Export, banish, exile, fice, trickery, imposture, cheat-
send abroad. ing; presumption, exaction, en-
Importance. Consequence, mo- croachment.
ment, weight, significance, mo- ANT. Sanction, warrant, at*.
mentousness, import, concern; thority ; truth, verity, fact, cer-
avail; self-importance, pompos- tainty, verification, genuine",
ity. ness, authenticity, honesty.
ANT. Nothingness, insigni- Impost. Tax, duty, custom, ex-
ficance, unimportance, immate- cise, levy, toll, tribute, rate; im>
riality. position.
Important. Grave, weighty, mo- ANT. Revenue, proceeds, ex-
mentous, serious, material, sig- emption, immunity.
nificant; influential, prominent, Impostor. Deceiver, pretender,,
pompous, self-important, con- cheat, hypocrite, knave, charla-
[ 159 ]
imp] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [imp

tan, mountebank, rogue, Phari- tame, unimpressive, dry, insig-

see, trickster, dissembler. nificant.
ANT. Guide, enlightener, de- Improve. Mend, gain, become
tector, undeceiver. better, get on, gain ground; in-
Imposture. Cheat, trick, de- crease, rise, be enhanced; bet-
ception, imposition, fraud, ruse, ter, amend, ameliorate, rec-
delusion, dodge, artifice, wile, tify; progress; avail one's self
deceit, stratagem, hoax. of, use, make productive; cor-
ANT. Truth, fact, verity, re- rect, reform.
ality. ANT. Debase, deteriorate, vi-
Impotence. Disability, inca- tiate, spoil, mar, impair, in-
pacity, incompetence, power- jure, depress.
lessness, weakness, inefficiency, Improvement. Amending, bet-
infirmity, frailty, imbecility, tering, amelioration, amend-
inability, incapability, help- ment, progress, efficiency, pro-
lessness, disqualification. ficiency, advancement, use, bet-
ANT. Capacity, vigor, qual- terment increase, correction.
;

ification, ability. ANT. Degeneracy, retrograda-

Impoverish. Make poor or in- tion, degeneration, debasement,
digent, exhaust, deplete, rob, deterioration, retrogression.
beggar, fleece,denude. Impudence. Assurance, bold-
ANT. Enrich, aggrandize, ness, impertinence, pertness,
augment, store, enhance, en- rudeness, sauciness, effrontery,
dow. forwardness, incivility, inso-
Impregnable. Invincible, tin- lence, presumption, officious-
assailable, invulnerable, im- ness, intrusiveness.
movable, inexpugnable, secure, ANT. Bashfulness, humil-
tenable, irrefragable. meekness, lowli-
ity, diffidence,
ANT. Pregnable, weak, ex- ness, modesty, submissiveness ;
posed, defenseless, expugnable. coyness, obsequiousness, sub-
Impregnate. Fecundate, imbue, serviency, abasement.
infuse, tincture, saturate, fill, Impugn. Attack, assail, contra-
fertilize; mix, combine, insert, dict, oppose, resist, gainsay,
steep, vivify, teach. controvert, deny, blame.
ANT. Remove, evolve, extri- ANT. Declare, state, allege,
cate, separate, destroy, quench, approve, commend, defend, re-
extinguish, be studious, learn. pel; propose, propound, con-
Impression. Printing, stamp- front, face.
ing, imprinting; stamp, im- Impulse. Thrust, push, impe-
press, brand; mark; sensation, tus; passion, instinct, procliv-
effect, influence; notion, idea, ity, inclination, appetite; mo-
opinion, fancy. tive, influence, incitement, in-
ANT. Concept, apprehension, stigation, incentive, force, sud-
comprehension. den thought.
Impressive. Affecting, touch- ANT. Deliberation, premedi-
ing, moving, stirring, power- tation, rebuff, repulse.
ful, striking, overpowering; Impulsive. Propulsive, impell-
forcible, solemn, imposing, im- ing, moving; hot, quiek, rash,
portant. hasty, passionate wayward,
;

ANT. Weak, feeble, vapid, impressible.

[ 160
Anp] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [inc

ANT. Discreet, hesitating, ANT. Extinction, quenching,

reluctant, timid, calculating, annihilation.
wary, cautious. Incense, v. Enrage, exasper-
Impute. Ascribe, refer, charge, ate, irritate, provoke, inflame,
attribute, imply, insinuate. anger, excite, heat, chafe, sting,
ANT. Withdraw, retract, re- nettle, gall.
call; clear, justify, acquit. ANT. Allay, soothe, pacify,
Inane. Empty, void; worthless, appease, conciliate, mollify.
trifling, vacuous, vain, puer- Incentive. Inducement, incite-
ile,frivolous; pointless, feeble, ment, spur, impulse, stimulant,
vapid, characterless. goad, motive, cause, encour-
ANT. Significant, pointed, agement, rousing, excitation.
powerful, sensible, forcible. ANT. Deterrent, prohibition,
Inanition. Emptiness, vacuity, learning, discouragement, dis-
inanity; vanity, folly, pueril- suasion.
ity, worthlessness, frivolous- Inception. Beginning, inaugu-
ness; exhaustion, starvation. ration, commencement.
ANT. Fulness, repletion, ANT. Ending, finis, conclu-
plethora; significance, mean- sion, termination.
ing. Incessant. Ceaseless, continual,
Inaugurate. Install, invest, in- unceasing, unremitting, per-
duct; celebrate; commence, be- petual, constant, everlasting,
gin, initiate, originate. eternal, uninterrupted, unin-
ANT. Divert, deprive, con- termittent.
clude, terminate. ANT. Periodic, occasional,
Inauguration. Investiture, in- intermittent, interrupted.
stallation, induction, consecra- Incidence. Impact, stroke, im-
tion, institution, initiation ; pingement.
commencement, formal open- ANT. Reflection, resilience,
ing, beginning, origination. rebound.
ANT. Dismissal, discharge; Incident, n. Event, occurrence,
valediction, valedictory; close, circumstance, chance, accident,
conclusion, end, termination. fact, adventure, casualty.
Incandescence. White heat, in- ANT. Cause, antecedent, rea-
calescence, glow. son, tendency, inducement, in-
ANT. Iciness, refrigeration, fluence.
congelation, crystallization. Incident, Incidental, a. Hap-
Incantation. Sorcery, charm, en- pening, liable belonging, per-
;

chantment, spell, magic, con- taining, appertaining, natural,

juration, witchcraft, witchery, relating; falling, impinging;
necromancy ; recitation, invo- casual, occasional, pertinent,
cation. fortuitous, concurrent, concom-
ANT. Evocation, exorcism. itant, accidental.
Incarnation. Embodiment, im- ANT. Regular, systematic,
personation, manifestation, ex- disconnected, independent, ir-
emplification, personification. relative, inherent, essential, im-
ANT. Disembodiment, ab- manent, invariable, uniform.
straction, spiritualization. Incipient. Beginning, inchoate,
Incendiarism. Arson ; confla- commencing, embryonic.
gration. ANT. Final, terminal.
[ 161 ]
Inc] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [inc

Inclemency. Harshness, sever- discordant, discrepant, repug-

ity, roughness, boister-
rigor,
ousness, storminess, tempestu-
ousness.
ANT. Clemency, mildness,
leniency, gentleness,
Inclement. Harsh, tyrannical,
cruel, unmerciful, severe, rig-
orous, stormy, rough, boister-
ous.
ANT. Benign, clement, mild,
genial, merciful.
Inclination. Inclining, slope,
leaning, slant; trend, verging,
obliquity; disposition, predi-
lection, bent, bias, proclivity,
proneness, tendency, leaning,
aptitude, propensity ; desire,
wish, fondness, liking, partial-
ity; aptness, attachment, af-
fection.
ANT. Tangency, disinclina-
tion, divergence, ineptitude, in-
aptness, dislike.
Incline, v. Slant, lean, slope;
trend, verge, tend; be disposed,
have a desire or propensity;
dispose, predispose, turn, bias;
bend, bow; bear, dip, induce,
prompt.
ANT. Deter, restrain, check;
ascend, rise; indispose, disin-
cline.
Include. Hold, contain; com-
prise, embody, comprehend, em-
brace, take in.
ANT. Exclude, leave out.
Inclusive. Enclosing, encircling
including, comprehending, em-
bracing; comprehensive, addi-
tive, implied.
ANT. Exclusive, except ed;
adversative, opposite, contrary,
antithetical.
Income. Revenue, profits, gains ;
proceeds, pay, allowance.
ANT. Expenditure, disburse-
ment, outlay, expense.
Incongruous. Inconsistent, un-
suitable, absurd, conflicting,
t 162
nant, mismated, incompatible,
inapposite, contrary, contradic-
tory, inappropriate, inharmoni-
ous, ill-matched, irreconcilable,
mismatched.
ANT. Consistent, harmoni-
ous, suitable, accordant, agree'
ing, compatible.
Increase, n. Accession, growth,
extension, augmentation, addi-
tion, enlargement, expansion,
increment ; product, produce,
gain, profit; offspring, issue,
progeny, descendants.
ANT. Deduction, detraction,
diminution, contraction, loss,
waste, detriment, curtailment,
reduction, expenditure, impov-
erishment.
Increase, v. Advance, heighten,
pile up, enhance, aggregate, di-
late, magnify, spread, augment,
greaten, enlarge, raise; extend,
prolong; aggravate, intensify;
grow; multiply, be fruitful.
ANT. Decrease, lessen, di-
minish, decline, abate, lower,
reduce, curtail, retrench.
Inculcate. Infuse, impress, en-
force, instil, implant, ingraft,
urge, teach.
ANT. Insinuate, suggest, ab-
jure, disavow, denounce.
Incumbent. Obligatory, bind-
ing, devolving; lying, leaning,
reclining, resting, weighing
; down, prone; coercive, indis-
pensable, urgent; threatening,
impending.
ANT. Optional, discretional,
elective, voluntary.
Incur. Contract, become liable
to; bring on; meet, run.
ANT. Avoid, shun.
Incursion. Inroad, raid, inva-
sion, irruption, descent, foray,
sally, encroachment.
ANT. Encampment, retreat,
abode, settlement.
]
ind] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ind

Indebted. Owing, obliged, be- tance; inferiority; insensibil-

holden, under obligation. ity,composure.
ANT. Disobliged, unbeholden. ANT. Importance, interest,
Indeed. Truly, really, verily, significance, weight, gravity, af-
positively, absolutely, in fact, fection, ardor, eagerness.
veritably, certainly, in truth; Indifferent. Neutral, unbiased,
strictly, in point of fact. impartial, disinterested; cool,
ANT. By no means, not at unconcerned, unmoved, cold, in-
all. attentive, apathetic, dead, re-
Indefatigable. Unwearied, un- gardless, heedless, unmindful ;
tiring, persevering, persistent, equal, all the same, all one,
assiduous, sedulous, unremit- just the same; passable, toler-
ting, never -tiring, unflagging; able, ordinary, middling, me-
incessant, indomitable. diocre, rather poor; lukewarm,
ANT. Idle, indifferent, indo- careless.
lent. ANT. Anxious, careful, sus-
Indelible. Ineffaceable, inde- ceptible, sympathetic, sensitive.
structible, ingrained, indefeas- Indigent. Poor, needy, desti-
ible, irreversible, persistent. tute, necessitous, reduced, pen-
ANT. Mutable, evanescent, niless, moneyless, distressed, in-
transient, effaceable. solvent, in want; impecunious,
Indemnify. Secure, save; com- straitened.
pensate, remunerate, reimburse, ANT. Wealthy, moneyed,
requite; satisfy. rich, affluent, opulent.
ANT. Fine, mulct, amerce. Indignation. Resentment, anger,
Indicate. Show, denote, mark, ire, wrath, fury, rage, exasper-
betoken, signify, point out, des- ation, choler ; denunciation, dis-
ignate, specify ; evidence, evince, pleasure, protestation.
betray, manifest, declare. ANT. Gratification, admira-
ANT. Conceal, misdirect, fal- tion, approval, applause, com-
sify, misindicate, negative, con- placency.
tradict. Indignity. Insult, outrage, af-
Indication. Indicating sign, front, slight, dishonor, abuse,
mark, note, index, symptom, disrespect, contumely, reproach,
token, hint, suggestion, mani- opprobrium, obloquy; rude-
festation; evidence, demonstra- ness, contemptuousness, igno-
tion, proof, prognostic. miny, disgrace.
ANT. Silence, surmise, mis- ANT. Deference, compliment,
direction, undemonstrativeness, honor, respect.
misguidance, misindication. Indiscriminate. Undistinguish-
Indictment. Indicting, present- ing, undiscriminating; mixed,
ment; accusation, charge, im- confused, mingled, promiscuous,
peachment, arraignment, crim- indistinguishable ; ill-assorted,
ination. undiscerning.
Indifference. Neutrality, im- ANT. Careful, sorted, select,
partiality, disinterestedness ; discerning,
unconcern, apathy, coolness, Indisposed. Averse, disinclined,
negligence, carelessness, inat- unwilling, reluctant, backward,
tention, heedlessness ;
trivial- loath; ill, ailing, sick.
ity, insignificance, unimpor- ANT. Prompt, willing, eager,
[ 163 ]
ind] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [in-

desirous, inclined; healthful, lation, inauguration, institu-

sound. tion; conclusion, inference, gen*
Indite. Compose, write, dictate, eralization, inductive method |
pen ; prompt, suggest, word, de- collection, collation, applica-
scribe, phrase. tion.
ANT. Transcribe, copy, imi- ANT. Statement, hypothesis;
tate, duplicate. deduction; subtraction; prin-
Individual, n. Person, person- ciple, law, proposition,
class,
age, character, some one; unit, argumentation, discourse.
single instance; personality. Indulge. Gratify, yield, sat-
ANT. Species, genus, family, isfy humor, pamper, favor
; ; al-
kind. low, permit, suffer, cherish, fos-
Individual, a.Particular, spe- ter, harbor ; spoil, revel, grovel.
cial, separate, single, unique, ANT. Thwart, deny, disap-
one; peculiar, personal; posi- point, discard, contradict, re-
tive, decided, unconventional, nounce, counteract, mortify, ab-
independent, specific, indivis- jure, discipline.
ible, singular, identical, idio- Indulgence. Gratification, hu-
syncratic. moring, pampering; leniency,
ANT. General, common, col- kindness, tenderness, favor, lib-
lective, plural, universal. erality.
Individuality. Personality, dis- ANT. Abstinence, self-sacri-
tinct existence; character, de- repression, restraint.
fice,
cision, self-direction, original- Indulgent. Yielding, compli-
ity, self-determination, unique- ant; lenient, mild, clement,
ness. tolerant, gentle, kind, tender,
ANT. Generality, mediocrity. forbearing.
Indolence. Laziness, sloth, in- ANT. Harsh, severe, rough,
ertness, idleness, sluggishness, austere, self-controlled, absti-
slothfulness. nent.
ANT. Activity, energy. Industrious. Diligent, active,
Indomitable. Unyielding, un- busy, assiduous, engaged, em-
conquerable, invincible; untam- ployed, sedulous, occupied, la-
able, irrepressible, indefati- borious, hard-working; brisk,
gable. persistent, persevering.
ANT. Effortless, feeble, lan- ANT. Lazy, shiftless, idle.
guid. Industry. Diligence, labor, ap-
Indorse. Superscribe; sanction, plication, assiduity, attention,
approve, vouch for, confirm, constancy, exertion, intentness,
ratify; accept. patience, perseverance, persis-
ANT. Protest, repudiate, re- tence, sedulousness, pains, ef-
nounce, abjure, cancel. fort, activity, toil.
Induce. Influence, impel, move, ANT. Idleness, inattention,
prompt, instigate, persuade, ac- neglect, negligence, sloth, re-
tuate, urge, incite, spur, pre- missness, changeableness, in-
vail upon; cause, produce, ef- dolence, inconstancy, inactiv-
fect, bring on. ity, fickleness, ease, indiligence.
ANT. Prevent, disincline, dis- Ineffable. Unspeakable, inde-
suade, deter, hinder, restrain. scribable, inexpressible, unut-
Induction, introduction, instal- terable ; inconceivable, unsur-
f 164 ]
ine] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [inf

passable, undeclarable, exqui- ANT. Wholesome, sanative,

site, perfect. beneficial, antiseptic.
ANT. Common, trivial, su- Infer. Deduce, conclude, gather,
perficial, vulgar, commonplace, collect, consider probable; de-
conversational, colloquial, ob- rive, argue.
vious. ANT. State, enunciate, as-
Inert. Inactive, lifeless, dead, sume, guess, conjecture, pro-
passive, motionless; dull, indo- pound, anticipate, prognosti-
lent, torpid, lazy, idle, supine, cate.
sluggish, slothful; heavy, dor- Inference. Conclusion, deduc-
mant. tion, corollary, consequence ;
ANT. Active, alert, brisk, generalization, induction.
energetic, quick, vigorous. ANT. Statement, proposi-
Inevitable. Necessary, unavoid- tion, enunciation.
able, infallible, certain, fixed, Inferiority. Subordination; de-
irresistible. ficiency, imperfection, minor-
ANT. Uncertain, avoidable, ity, poverty, subjection, servi-
indeterminate. tude, depression ; mediocrity.
Infamy. Dishonor, shame, dis- ANT. Superiority, eminence,
grace, discredit, ignominy, op- excellence, majority, elevation,
probrium, scandal, obloquy, independence, mastery, exalta-
abasement; villainy, disgrace- tion.
fulness, wickedness, atrocity, Infernal. Hellish ; diabolical,
shamef ulness ; despair, degra- devilish, fiendish, demoniacal,
dation. satanic, atrocious, nefarious,
ANT. Honor, reputation, re- dark, accursed, abominable.
nown, glory, celebrity. ANT. Angelic, cherubic.
Infantile. Young, childish, ten- Infest. Throng, overrun, beset,
der; babyish, weak; childlike, swarm in; disturb, plague, an-
babylike; puerile, imbecile. noy, tease, harass, trouble, mo-
ANT. Manly, vigorous, ma- lest, torment, worry, pester.
ture, robust. ANT. Comfort, refresh, re-
Infatuation. Folly, stupefac- gale, gratify.
tion, foolishness, prepossession, Infidel. Unbeliever, disbeliever,
obsession ; fatuity, hallucina- atheist, denier, freethinker, de-
tion, madness, self-deception. ist, skeptic, heretic.
ANT. Sagacity, soundness, ANT. Believer, pietist, devo-
wisdom, sanity, clear-sighted- tee, Christian.
ness. Infidelity. Unbelief, disbelief,
Infection. Contagion; contami- skepticism ;faithlessness, un-
nation, taint, bane, pest, poi- faithfulness, disloyalty.
son, corruption, defilement, vi- ANT. Fidelity, belief, faith,
tiation, pollution. religiousness, credulity, credu-
ANT. Purification, disinfec- lousness; faithfulness, loy-
tion, antidote, antisepsis. alty.
Infectious. Contagious, catch- Infinite. Absolute, illimitable,
ing, pestilential,pestiferous; limitless, boundless, intermi-
contaminating, corrupting, de- nable, eternal, unlimited, un-
filing, polluting, poisoning, vi- measured, measureless, unfath-
tiating. omable, unconditioned, num-
[ 1
inf] SYNONYMS 'AND ANTONYMS [inf

berless, unbounded, immeasur- Inflated. Distended, swollen,

able, innumerable, countless. bloated; tumid, turgid, bom-
ANT. Brief, bounded, rela- bastic, st-ilted, declamatory,
tive, short, limited, finite, re- rhetorical, sophomorical, high-
stricted, transient, transitory, flown; pompous.
small, little, evanescent, cir- ANT. Simple, plain, unaf-
cumscribed, measurable, mod- fected, concise, laconic, explicit,
erate, narrow, shallow; infini- brief.
tesimal. Inflection. Bend, bending, cur-
Infinitesimal. Minute, atomic, vature, flexure, crook; varia-
microscopic, inappreciable, in- tion, declension, conjugation,
conspicuous, undiscernible, in- comparison; flexion.
finitely small. ANT. Straightness, direct-
ANT. Enormous, vast, infi- ness, rectilinearity.
nite, immeasurable. Inflict. Impose, lay on, put on;
Infinitude, Infinity. Bound- afflict.

lessness, vastness, immensity ;

ANT. Spare, remove, allevi-
infiniteness ; eternity, absolute- ate, suspend.
ness, self-determination, self- Infliction. Imposition, inflict-
existence. ing; punishment, judgment;
ANT. Relativity. grievance, trouble, nuisance.
Infirm. feeble, frail, de-
Weak, ANT. Remission, sparing;
bilitated, enfeebled, weakened; pleasure, gratification; accom-
faltering, wavering, irresolute, modation, condoning.
vacillating; unsound, unstable, Influence, n. Authority, ascend-
insecure; decrepit, lame, fail- ency, control, predominance,
ing, impotent. sway; reputation, weight of
ANT. Sound, forcible, firm, character, credit; influx, in-
strong, sure, cogent, healthy, flow; effect, causation, impulse,
healthful. affection, power, weight, pres-
Infirmity. Weakness, decrepi- tige.
tude, debility, feebleness, frail- ANT. Inefficiency, ineffec-
ness, frailty; foible, fault, fail- tiveness, inefficacy, nullity, in-
ing, defect; disease, malady, operativeness, neutrality.
uusoundness. Influence, v. Induce, incite, in-
ANT. Strength, vigor, un- cline, persuade, move, stir, ac-
healthfulness, soundness. tuate, sway, compel, urge, in-
Inflame. Excite, stimulate, in- stigate, prompt, lead, impel, ex-
cite, enkindle, rouse, animate, cite, drive, draw, direct, bias.
inspirit, work up, fire; irri- ANT. Prevent, restrain, re-
tate, exasperate, anger, nettle, tard, deter, discourage, impede,
provoke, enrage, incense, mad- inhibit, hinder, dissuade.
den, infuriate; fan, embitter. Influential. Potent, poAverful,
ANT. Quench, extinguish, controlling; efficacious, persua-
allay, cool, pacify, quiet. sive, forcible, guiding, consid-
Inflate. Distend, expand, swell, erable authoritative.
;

bloat, blow up; puff up, make ANT. Weak, ineffective, in.
conceited; increase, enlarge. operative, inconsiderable, un-
ANT. Exhaust, empty, fiat- persuasive.
ten, squeeze, compress. Inform. Quicken, animate, in-
[ 166 ]
inf] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ini

spire; acquaint, apprise, men- Ingredient. Element, compo-

tion to, notify, advise, tell; ed- nent, constituent.
ucate, enlighten, instruct, im- ANT. Refuse, residuum, in-
part, communicate. congruity, counteragmt.
ANT. Misinstruct, misjudge, Inherent. Sticking fast, adher-
deceive, hoodwink, misinform, ing; essential, immanent, in-
mystify. born, inbred, native, natural,
Information. Advice, notice, subjective, innate, intrinsic, in-
intelligence; knowledge; accu- hering, congenital, indispen-
sation, complaint, denuncia- sable, indwelling, infixed, inter-
tion; instruction, counsel, no- nal, ingrained, inseparable, in-
tification. wrought.
ANT. Concealment, mysti- ANT. Extrinsic, superficial,
fication, ignorance, occultation. fortuitous, casual, accidental,
Infringe. Transgress, violate, external, outward, superfluous,
break, disobey, nullify. transient, unconnected, supple-
ANT. Preserve, observe, con- mental, incidental, subsidiary,
serve, maintain. superadded; foreign, extrane-
Infuse. Instil, inspire, intro- ous, separable, temporary.
duce, inculcate, implant, dif- Inherit. Get as legacy; occupy,
fuse, shed, steep, soak, water, possess, enjoy.
infiltrate, insinuate, breathe ANT. Acquire, earn, gain,
into. squander, bequeath, leave, de-
ANT. Strain, dry, drain, di- mise, devise; dissipate, alien-
vert, retract. ate.
Ingenious. Inventive, gifted, Inheritance. Inheriting; her-
able, clever, bright, ready, sa- itage, patrimony; bequest, pos-
gacious, adept, skilful. session, legacy.
ANT. Unskilful, uninven- ANT. Acquisition, purchase,
tive, slow, unready, unresource- donation; forfeiture, lapse; es-
ful, unprepared, unapt. cheatment, alienation.
Ingenuity. Inventiveness, in- Inheritor. Heir, successor, lega-
geniousness, acuteness, skill, tee, devisee.
ability, readiness, faculty, ap- ANT. Testator, devisor.
titude, cunning, turn, gift, ge- Inimical. Antagonistic, hostile,
niug. unfriendly adverse, opposed,
;

ANT. Inability, ineptitude, contrary, repugnant, noxious,

clumsiness.
Ingenuous. Artless, open, can-
did, frank, sincere, straight-
forward, honest, transparent,
guileless, truthful, childlike, Iniquity.
naive, noble, generous, honor-
able.
ANT. Mean, reserved, sly,
insincere, disingenuous.
Ingratiate. Commend one's self
into favor, insinuate, recom-
mend.
ANT. Alienate, estrange.
pernicious, hurtful, harmful.
ANT. Friendly, companion-
able, comradely; unanimous,
agreeable, beneficial.
Injustice, wickedness,
sin, unrighteousness; crime, of-
fense, misdeed, grievance, evil-
doing.
ANT. Justice, integrity, vir-
tue, holiness, honesty, upright-
ness.
Initiation. Introduction, en-
trance, admission; instruction;
167 ]
ini] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS

opening, beginning, inaugura- ANT. Outlet, egress, de~

tion, commencement. bouchure.
ANT. Termination, comple- Inmate. Occupant, dweller, den-
tion, finish, fulfilment, out- izen, inhabitant, tenant, resi-
come. dent.
Initiative. Commencement, be- ANT. Visitor, intruder, for-
ginning; power to originate or eigner, stranger, traveler.
begin; start, leadersnip, ex- Inn, Hotel, public house, tav-
ample. ern.
ANT. Termination, wake, Innate. Inherent, inborn, natu-
rear; prosecution, progress, per- ral, inbred, native, congenital,
severance, accomplishment. organic.
Injunction. Command, order, ANT. Unnatural, adventi-
mandate, precept, exhortation. tious, assumed.
ANT. Disobedience, non-ob- Inner. Inmost, within, interior,
servance, non-compliance, in- secret, close, vital.
subordination. ANT. Outer, outermost, ex-
Injure. Maltreat, wrong, abuse ; terior, open.
harm, damage, spoil, mar, dis- Innocence. Harmlessness, inof-
wound, cripple, sully.
figure, fensiveness, innocuousness sin- ;

ANT. Benefit, profit, advan- lessness, purity, stainlessness,

tage, advance, repair. simplicity, guilelessness, guilt-
Injurious. Wrong, unjust, ini- lessness, blamelessness.
quitous; hurtful, detrimental, ANT. Guilt, offensiveness,
pernicious, deleterious, noxious, contamination, tinfulness, im-
deadly, mischievous, baneful, purity, guile, corruption.
fatal, destructive, damaging, Innocent. Pure, sinless, virtu-
ruinous, disadvantageous; li- ous, upright, stainless, right,
belous, slanderous; prejudicial. faultless, guileless, clear, clean,
ANT. Helpful, advantageous, blameless, guiltless, harmless,
beneficial, salutary, profitable. inoffensive, righteous, spotless,
Injury. Blemish, damage, evil, immaculate, innocuous.
disadvantage, detriment, hurt, ANT. Criminal, culpable, im-
loss, wron<?, prejudice, injus- moral, guilty, blameworthy.
tice, mischief, impairment, out- Innocuous. Harmless, innocent,
rage, harm. inoffensive, wholesome, innox-
ANT. Remedy, advantage, ious.
amelioration, benefit, service, ANT. Hurtful, deleterious,
toon, help, blessing, improve- insidious, obnoxious.
ment, utiJitv. Innovation. Change, alteration,
Injustice. Wrong, unrighteous- novelty, reversal.
ness, iniquity, grievance, un- ANT. Archaism, conserva-
fairness, injury. tion, maintenance, old fashion,
ANT. Equity, fairness, jus- obsolescence.
tice, right, rectitude, integrity, Inoculate. Vaccinate, impreg-
honesty, impartiality, upright- nate, indoctrinate, instil, in-
ness, lawfulness, righteousness, sert, imbue, ingraft, ingrain.
honor, faithfulness, fair play. ANT. Prune, divest; dis-
Inlet. Opening, entrance, com- abuse.
mencement, ingress. Inquiry. Query, interrogation.
[ 168 ]
inq] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [in*

question, interrogatory; study, ANT. Exclude, follow, add.

investigation, research, explo- Inside. Within, internally.
ration, examination, scrutiny; ANT. Without, outside, ex-
asking, search. ternally.
ANT. Ouess, intuition, con- Insidious. Artful, crafty, schem-
jecture, assumption, supposi- ing, cunning, intriguing, tricky,
tion, hypothesis. designing; secret, deceptive.
Inquisitive. Curious, meddle- ANT. Straightforward, sin-
some, intrusive, searching, pry- cere, undesigning.
ing, inquiring, meddling, peep- Insinuate. Push slily, ingrati-
ing, scrutinizing. ate; infuse, inculcate; hint, in-
ANT. Uninterested, uncon- timate, suggest; introduce, in-
cerned, careless, heecless, apa- sert.
thetic, inattentive, indifferent. ANT. Withdraw, extract, re-
Inroad. Incursion, foray, raid, tract, alienate.
irruption, encroachment, tres- Insipid. Tasteless, stale, flat;
pass, infringement, dragon- spiritless, heavy, stupid, unin-
nade. teresting, prosaic, tame, prosy,
ANT. Occupation, sally, re- dull, unentertaining, charac-
treat, settlement, evacuation, terless, flavorless.
excursion, egress. ANT. Racy, interesting, en-
Insane. Crazy, lunatic, mad, de- gaging, piquant, spirited, lively.
ranged, demented, crazed, de- Insist. Demand, maintain, urge,
lirious. contend, persist, press, perse-
ANT.Sane, sound, sensible, vere.
quiet, composed, sober. ANT. Abandon, surrender,
Insanity. Delirium, dementia, concede, yield, waive, forego.
frenzy, lunacy, mania, aberra- Insolence. Rudeness, contempt,
tion, madness, alienation, de- disrespect, contumely; imper-
rangement, monomania, hallu- tinence, pertness, impudence;
cination, craziness. frowardness, disobedience, in-
ANT. Sanity, clearness, ra- subordination ; arrogance, as-
tionality, lucidity, good sense, sumption.
reason, intellect, intelligence. ANT. Consideration, defer-
Inscribe. Write, engrave, im- ence, modesty, respect, polite-
press, imprint; address, dedi- ness, bashfulncss.
cate; label, letter, mark, deline- Insolvent. Bankrupt, penniless,
ate. beggared, ruined.
ANT. Erase, efface, cancel, ANT. Solvent, wealthy, flush,
expunge, obliterate. flourishing, thriving.
Inscrutable. Incomprehensible, Inspect. Examine, scrutinize,
unsearchable, impenetrable, un- investigate, oversee, superin-
intelligible, hidden, mysterious, tend, supervise, overhaul.
untraceable, insolvable, pro- ANT. Overlook, connive, dis-
found. miss, glance, pretermit.
ANT. Obvious, intelligible, Inspector. Examiner, critic, vis-
explainable, self-evident, famil- itor, superintendent, censor,
iar. supervisor.
Insert. Set in, place in, intro- Inspiration. Inhalation; affla-
duce. tus, obsession; exaltation, an-

[ 169 ]
ins] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
thusiasm, frenzy, impulse, rev-
elation, intuition; insight, ge-
nius.
ANT.Study, education, ac-
quirement, learning, elabora-
tion, observation, deduction.
Instance. Request, impulse,
stigation, incitement; solicita-
tion, importunity, pressure,
urgency; illustration, example,
citation, case, exemplification,
specification ; entreaty, point,
prompting, persuasion, occur-
rence.
ANT. Dissuasion, warning,
deprecation, reluctance; rule,
principle, statement.
Instant, n. Moment, twinkling,
second, minute, flash, trice,
jiffy; particular hour or mo-
ment.
ANT. Period, time, cycle, du-
ration; eternity, permanence,
perpetuity.
Instant, a. Immediate, instan-
taneous, quick; pressing, ear-
nest, urgent; current, present,
passing.
ANT. Continuous, contin-
ual; perpetual, eternal.
Instantly. Immediately, forth-
with, at once, pres-
directly,
ently, straightway.
ANT. In the future, after a
time.
Instigate. Incite, impel, move,
urge, prompt, provoke, stimu-
late, rouse, influence, encour-
age, persuade, prevail upon.
ANT. Repress, restrain, dis-
courage, unthhold, retard.
Instil. Infuse, insinuate; im-
plant, enforce, impress, incul-
cate, import, introduce.
ANT. Extract, remove, elim-
inate, eradicate, drain, extir-
pate.
Instinct, n. Impulse, proclivity,
tendency, inclination, prompt-
ing, intuition.
[ins
ANT. Reason, deliberation,
experience, judgment, elabora-
tion, experiment.
Instinctive. Natural, spontane-
ous; impulsive, unreflecting;
voluntary, intuitive.
in- ANT. Rational, cultivated,
logical, judicious, reasonable,
reasoning.
Institute, v. Found, establish,
originate, appoint, settle, fix;
ordain, enact, pass begin, com-
;
mence; invest, instal, appoint,
induct, organize.
ANT. Subvert, degrade, de-
prive, disestablish.
Institution. Establishment, in-
vestiture, custom, practice; col-
lege, school, academy, seminary,
university.
Instruct. Teach, inform, train,
educate, enlighten, indoctri-
nate; direct, command, order;
acquaint, discipline, initiate.
ANT. Misinform, misguide,
mislead, deceive, neglect; bru-
talize; learn, study.
Instruction. Teaching, educa-
tion, training, schooling, infor-
mation, discipline, tuition, ad-
vice, counsel, direction, precept,
order,command, mandate.
ANT. Misguidance, misinfor-
mation, misdirection; pupilage,
obedience.
Instrument. Tool, utensil, im-
plement; agent, medium, ma-
chine; document, deed, writ-
ing, charter, indenture, record.
ANT. Obstruction, bar, stop,
preventive; counteragent, op-
ponent, neutralizer ; misappli-
cation, counteraction.
Instrumentality. Intervention,
medium, means, agency, medi-
ation; use, employment.
ANT. Property, quality, vir-
tue, force, efficacy; non-inter-
vention, spontaneity; counter-
agency, neutralization.
ins] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [int

Insult, n. Offense affront, in- titude, virtue, goodness, prin-

dignity, outrage, abuse, rude- ciple; uprightness, honor, prob-
ness, dishonor, slight, disre- ity, candor, truthfulness, con-
spect. scientiousness.
ANT. Respect, hcmage, com- ANT. Fraud, meanness, ras-
pliment, deference. cality, duplicity, unfairness,
Insult, v. Outrage, offend, dis- underhand fdness.
honor, abuse ; provoke, mock, Intellect. Reason, mind, sense,
ridicule. brains, understanding; con-
ANT. Respect, salute, honor, sciousness, instinct; ability, ge-
compliment, flatter, praise. nius, talent.
Insure. Make secure; assure; ANT. Matter, mechanism,
underwrite; provide, warrant, force; passion; spirit, soul.
secure, guarantee, stabilitate. Intellectual. Mental, psycho-
ANT. Imperil, jeopardize, logical, inventive, learned, cul-
shake, stake. tured; philosophical, metaphys-
Insurgent, n. Rebel, malcontent, ical.
mutineer, traitor, rioter. ANT. Illiterate, unlearned,
ANT. Patriot, adherent, sup- ignorant.
porter; ruler, magistrate. Intelligence. Knowledge, infor-
Insurgent, a. Rebellious, diso- mation, understanding, appre-
bedient, mutinous, unruly, in- hension, discernment, acumen,
subordinate, seditious. penetration, quickness, bright-
ANT. Obedient, loyal, patri- ness, comprehension; news, an-
otic. nouncement, tidings, report,
Insurrection. Rebellion, revolt, rumor, statement, notice, no-
uprising, mutiny, sedition, riot, tification,publication, advice^
tumult, anarchy; pronounce- instruction; intellect, spirit.
ment. ANT. Misinformation, mis-
ANT. Law, order, peace, sub- understanding; ignorance, con-
jection, obedience, submission, cealment, stupidity, misappre-
bondage, subsidence, acquies- hension, dulness, suppression,
cence; government, pacification. silence.
Intact. Untouched, unhurt, un- Intelligible. Clear, plain, un-
harmed, uninjured, scatheless; derstandable, distinct, compre-
whole, entire, unbroken, un- hensible, explainable, familiar,
diminished safe, inviolate, sa-
; self-evident, obvious.
cred, undefiled, uncorrupted, ANT. Inscrutable, mysteri-
uncontaminated. ous, hidden, insolvable, impen-
ANT. Defiled, hurt, touched, etrable, ttnfathomable.
injured, corrupt, affected, con- Intend. Design, resolve, mean,
taminated. propose, purpose, contemplate,
Integrate. Unite, combine, con- determine, meditate.
solidate, solidify, incorporate; ANT. Venture, risk, hazard,
sum, complete. chance.
ANT. Analyze, dismember, Intense. Close, severe, strict,
detach, remove, amputate, dis- intent, strained; extreme; for-
integrate. cible, energetic, powerful; ar-
Integrity. Completeness, en- dent, earnest, vehement, exces-
tirety, wholeness; honesty, rec- sive, immoderate.
[ 171 ]
int] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [int

ANT. Relaxed, easy, mod- ANT. Send, despatch, dele-

.erate, forceless, impotent, in- gate, forward, commission, in-
different, cool, languid. terchange.
Intensity. Intenseness, close- Intercourse. Converse, commun-
ness, severity, strictness; ten- ication, communion, commerce,
sion, force, concentration, at- connection, correspondence, in-
tention, strain; vehemence, vi- timacy, dealing, intercommuni-
olence, excess; ardor, energy, cation.
eagerness, power, vigor, activ- ANT. Cessation, suspension,
ity, strength. reticence, disconnection, inter-
ANT. Laxity, relaxation, de- ception.
bility, languor, coolness, indif- Interdict. Prohibit, forbid, pro-
ference. scribe, restrain, stop,
inhibit,
Intent, Purpose, aim, ob-
n. debar, disallow.
ject, design, end,meaning, in- ANT. Indulge, grant, allow,
tention, purport, scope, drift, concede.
view. Interest, n. Advantage, benefit,
ANT. Chance, lot, accident, profit, good; part, portion; re-
fate. gards, sympathy, concern, at-
Intent, a. Eager, fixed, earnest, tention, curiosity, selfishness,
close, bent, set. behalf, share; authority, in-
ANT. Distracted, diverted, fluence ; premium.
indifferent. ANT. Disadvantage, loss;
Intention. Design, purpose, in- inattention, unconcern, indif-
tent, meaning, purport. ference; disconnection, repudi-
ANT. Chance, fortune, luck. ation.
Intentional. Deliberate, con- Interfere. Intermeddle, inter-
templated, designed, intended, pose; clash, conflict, intervene,
studied, purposed, premedi- be opposed.
tated. ANT. Withdraw, retract, re-
ANT. Casual, accidental, un- tire, recede.
designed, fortuitous. Interior. Inside, internal, in-
Inter. Bury, entomb, inhume. ner, inward, inland.
ANT.
Exhume, disinter. ANT. Outside, exterior.
Inter-. The synonyms and an- Interloper. Intruder, meddler,
tonyms of words beginning supernumerary.
with the prefix inter-, signify- ANT. Member, constituent.
ing between, among, amidst, Intermediate. Intervening, in-
mutually, may be obtained by terposed, interjacent, included,
adding this meaning to that of comprised, middle, moderate.
the synonyms and antonyms of ANT. Surrounding, enclos-
the root word, in such cases as ing, outside, embracing, cir-
are of simple derivation. cumjacent; extreme; exclu-
Intercede. Mediate, arbitrate, sive.
interpose, plead, make interces- Interment. Burial, sepulture,
sion, advocate, interfere. inhumation.
ANT. Abandon, excuse, in- ANT. Exhumation, resur-
criminate, inculpate. rection.
Intercept. Stop, cease; arrest, Intermission. Suspension, in-
catch; obstruct, interrupt. terruption, stoppage, rest, stop,
[ 172 ]
int] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [int

pause, suspense, respite, inter- rendering; problem, text, diffi-

lude, remission, cessation, dis- culty.
continuance, interval, interreg-Interrogate. Question, ask, ex-
num. amine, inquire of, catechise.
ANT. Continuity, continu- ANT. Affirm, answer, assert t
ance, constancy, uninterrupt- indorse, pronounce.
edncss, permanence, perpetuity. Interrupt. Disturb, stop, hin-
Intermit. Suspend, interrupt, der, delay, interfere with; sep-
relax, discontinue, break, stop, arate, disconnect, divide, sever,
cease, abate, subside. sunder, cut, dissolve; suspend,
ANT. Continue, prosecute; discontinue, break off; inter-
urge, despatch. sect.
Internal. Inner, interior, in- ANT. Continue, prosecute,
side; within. expedite.
ANT. Outer, exterior, out- Interstice. Crevice, hole, inter-
side. chink, cleft, cranny, gap,
val,
Internecine. Destructive, ex- crack, fissure, interspace.
terminating, deadly, inextin- ANT. Seam, suture, stop-gap.
guishable, irreconcilable, mor- Interval. Interstice; spell, sea-
tal, internecinal. son, period, term, intermedi-
ANT. Desultory, incursive, ate time, interim, meantime,
marauding, skirmishing, buc- intermission, interspace, cessa-
caneering, guerilla, freeboot- tion.
ing. ANT. Continuity, uninter-
Interpolate. Introduce, insevt, ruptedness, simultaneousness.
foist in, intercalate; interlard, Intervention. Interposition, in-
interweave, import, garble, in- terference, intrusion, interces-
tersperse, gloss. sion, insinuation; agency, me-
ANT. Expunge, erase, ex- diation.
purgate; verify, authenticate; ANT. Continuance, non-in-
elide. terference.
Interpose. Interfere, intercede, Interview. Meeting, parley, con-
interrupt, mediate, meddle, ar- ference, consultation, colloquy,
bitrate, intermeddle. confabulation.
ANT. Avoid, shun, retire, ANT. Isolation, exclusion, in-
withdraw, hold aloof, let be, dependence, avoidance.
keep clear, stand aside. Intestate. Unwilled, undevised,
Interpret. Explain, define, ex- unbequeathed.
pound, elucidate, Unfold, de- ANT. Willed, bequeathed, de-
cipher; translate, render, con- vised.
strue; declare, represent, solve. Intestine, a. Internal, domestic,
ANT. Mistake, misconceive, interior, inward ; civil ; subjec-
misunderstand, falsify, misin- tive.
terpret, misrepresent.
distort, ANT. External, outward, for-
Interpretation. Exposition, ex- eign, federal; objective.
planation, elucidation; version, Intimate, n. Confidant, associ-
construction, rendering, trans- ate, crony, familiar, companion,
lation; sense, meaning, defini- friend.
tion, signification, solution. Intimate, v. Suggest, hint, in-
ANT. Misinterpretation, mis- sinuate, allude to, remind of;
[ 173 ]
Int] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [int

announce, declare, communi- ful, cowardly, dismayed, terri-

cate, tell.
ANT. Conceal, reserve, with-
hold, repress.
Intimate, a. Near, close, famil-
iar, friendly, confidential; in-
ternal, interior, inward, deep-
seated, hearty; thorough, com-
plete, direct, exact; conversant.
ANT. Distant, strange, unfa-
miliar; superficial.
Intimidate. Frighten, alarm,
scare, daunt, dismay, threaten,
appal, terrify, deter, dishearten.
ANT. Calm, en-
compose;
courage, inspirit, animate, reas-
sure.
Intolerable. Insufferable,
endurable, insupportable,
bearable.
ANT. Endurable, comfort-
able, tolerable, supportable, pos-
sible to be borne.
Intolerant. Bigoted, unforbear-
ing; extreme.
ANT. Tolerant, forbearing,
large-minded, indulgent.
Intoxication. Inebriety, inebri-
ation, drunkenness excitement,
; ANT. Extrinsic, acquired, ap-
infatuation, exhilaration, delir-
ium, bewilderment, hallucina-
tion, ecstasy; poison, venom.
ANT. Antidote, sobriety, san-
ity, gravity, melancholy, depres-
sion; abstinence, abstemious-
ness.
Intrenchment. Ditch, dike, for-
tification, earthwork, moat; de-
fense, protection, shelter, inva-
sion, inroad, encroachment, in-
fringement, trespass.
ANT. Wall, rampart, mole,
embankment, mound, bastion;
forbearance, deference, respect.
Intrepid. Bold, brave, fearless,
undaunted, courageous, valor-
ous, unterrified, dauntless, chiv-
alrous, heroic, undismayed, un-
awed, valiant, doughty.
ANT. Cautious, timid, fear-
fied.
Intricacy. Complexity, compli-
cation, entanglement, perplex-
ity, difficulty, intricateness, ob-
scurity, confusion.
ANT. Directness, obvious-
ness; system, method; disposi-
tion, array.
Intricate. Involved, perplexed,
complicated, entangled, com-
plex; mazy, labyrinthine, tor-
tuous.
ANT. Simple, direct, obvious,
plain, uninvolved.
Intrigue. Plot, scheme, cabal,
conspiracy, machination, arti-
un- fice, cunning, duplicity, trick-
un- ery, chicanery, ruse; liaison,
amour.
ANT. Insurrection, assault,
rebellion, force, violence; sin-
cerity, candor, honesty, open-
ness, straight fonvardness.
Intrinsic. Inward, internal, es-
sential, real, genuine, true, in-
herent, native, innate, natural,
immanent, inbred, inborn.
parent, accidental, borrowed,
assumed, pretended, added, ex-
ternal, adventitious.
Introduce. Lead in, usher in,
present, conduct commence,
in,
make acquainted, make known,
begin, preface.
ANT. Come after, succeed,
follow; end, conclude.
Introduction. Introducing, pres-
entation, ushering in; preface,
prelude, preamble, proem, exor-
dium; induction, importation,
insertion, commencement, pre-
liminary; portico, gate, vesti-
bule, entrance.
ANT. Eduction, ejection;
extraction, exportation, elimi-
nation, estrangement; comple-
tion, conclusion, end; egress.
Introductory. Prefatory, initia-
[ 174 ]
int] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS

tory, preliminary, precursory, Invective. Satire, sarcasm, dia-

preparatory ; commendatory. tribe, railing, abuse; obloquy,
ANT. Final, conclusive, ter- denunciation, vituperation, re-
minal, valedictory, supplemen- proach, castigation.
tal; alienative. ANT. Praise, commendation,
Intrude. Obtrude, encroach, in- encomium, eulogy, panegyric.
fringe, trespass, trench, inter- Invent. Discover, find out, de-
fere, meddle. vise, contrive,produce; design,
ANT. Withdraw, retire, re- concoct, elaborate ; conceive,
cede; remove, retract. contrive, fabricate, originate,
Intrusion. Encroachment, in- forge, frame.
terference, intruding, obtrusion, ANT. Copy, imitate, repro-
infringement. duce; execute.
ANT. Withdrawal, removal, Invention. Contrivance, con-
retirement, retraction. struction, device; fiction, fab-
Intuition. Apprehension, cogni- rication, falsehood; thought,
tion, perception, beholding; in- idea.
stinct, insight, recognition. ANT. Material.
ANT. Information, instruc- Inventive. Ingenious, skilful,
tion, learning, experience, ac- clever, adept, resourceful.
quirement, induction. ANT. Slow, unskilful, unin-
Inundate. Flood, deluge, over- ventive.
flow, submerge, cover, over- Inventor. Contriver, origina-
whelm. tor, author, creator.
ANT. Drain, dry, reclaim, ANT. Destroyer.
desiccate, parch. Inventory. List, catalogue, reg-
Invade. Attack, infringe, vio- ister, record, enrolment, enu-
late, encroach on, trench upon; meration.
march into, enter in, assault, Inversion. Reversal, transposi-
assail, occupy. tion, alteration, deflection, vio-
ANT. Abandon, relinquish, lation, permutation.
vacate, evacuate. ANT. Erectness, verticality;
Invalid, a. Week, feeble, infirm, stability, permanence, fixity,
sick, frail; null, void; unsound, state, order, sequence; conser-
baseless, untrue, unfounded, fal- vation.
lacious. Invert. Upset, overthrow, re-
ANT.Strong, well, healthy, verse, subvert.
vigorous; sound, legal, constitu- ANT. Restore, set up, make
tional; legitimate, authorized; upright.
genuine, true, correct, exact. Invest. Clothe, dress, array, en-
Invalidate. Nullify, cancel, an- dow; attend, surround; lay out.
nul, overthrow, make void. ANT. Divest, dismantle, un-
ANT. Conserve, maintain, es- clothe, strip, disrobe; deprive.
tablish, confirm, enact, insti- Investigate. Inquire, examine,
tute. test, scrutinize, prove, search,
Invasion. Trespass, incursion, ir- explore, inspect, criticize, dis-
ruption, encroachment, inroad. cuss, study.
ANT. Evacuation, abandon- ANT. Conjecture, guess.
ment, relinquishment ; settle- Investigation. Search, exami-
ment; retreat. nation, inquiry, research, ex-
t 175 1
inv] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [iss

ploration, inquisition, sifting, Involve. Envelop, wrap, cover;

scrutiny, study. comprise, embrace, contain ;
ANT. Discovery, clue, indi- connect, unite, mingle, blend,
cation; solution, thread. twine, interweave; implicate,
Investiture. Installation, induc- entangle, complicate, embroil,
tion, investment, habilitation. embarrass, include, overwhelm,
ANT. Divestiture, divest- imply.
ment. ANT. Extricate, remove, dis-
Inveterate. Long-established, connect, separate, disentangle,
obstinate; malignant, spiteful, distinguish, explicate.
virulent; besetting, confirmed, Inward. Secretly, privately; in-
chronic, ingrain, incarnate, ha- ternal, interior, inner; within.
bitual, deep-rooted, hardened, ANT. Outward, external, ex-
accustomed. terior.
ANT. Undeveloped, incipient, Iota. Jot, tittle, particle, atom.
"unformed. ANT. Whole, mass.
Invidious. Hateful, offensive, Irate, Irascible. Hasty, angry,
odious; unfair, partial, incon- enraged, incensed, choleric, ir-
siderate ; gratuitous. ritable.
ANT. Fair, just, consider- ANT. Good-tempered, calm,
ate, impartial, due. forbearing, gentle, mild.
Invigorate. Strengthen, brace, Ire. Anger, wrath, rage, fury,
harden, nerve, refresh, stimu- choler, indignation, resentment,
late, animate, exhilarate. displeasure, vexation.
ANT. Weaken, enfeeble, de- ANT. Good will, patience, for-
bilitate, deteriorate, relax, un- bearance, mildness, forgiveness,
string, enervate. reconciliation, peaceableness.
Invitation. Solicitation, allure- Irridescent. Prismatic; opal-
ment, enticement. ine, polychromatous, nacreous.
ANT. Rebuff, snub, check, re- ANT. Blanched, neutral, col-
orless, dingy, achromatic.
Invite. Ask, summon, bid, re- Isolate. Separate, detach, dis-
quest, solicit, call, attract, en- sociate; insulate.
tice, persuade, allure; tempt, ANT. Associate, unite.
incite, challenge. Isolation. Separation, loneli-
ANT. Repel, forbid, depre- ness, segregation, detachment,
cate; exclude, discard. disconnection, insulation; soli-
Invoke. Supplicate, implore, tariness, solitude.
solicit, summon, call, beseech, ANT. Organization, commu-
invite, challenge, invocate, ap- nity, co-membership, connec-
peal to, conjure, imprecate. tion; continuity, concatenation.
ANT. Defy; deprecate, de- Issue. Egress, exit, outlet; de-
ter; ignore, elude; warn, in- livery; copy, number, edition,
hibit. impression; event, outcome, re-
Involution. Complication, en- sult, end, conclusion, consum-
tanglement; envelope; implica- mation, effect, termination;
tion, mingling. children, offspring, posterity,
AWT. Evolution, disconnec- progeny ; antagonism, contro-
tion, evolvement, extrication, versy, contest.
separation. ANT. Cause, principle, n-

[ 176 ]
ite] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [joe

fluence, action, working, oper- Itinerant, a. Traveling, wan-

ation; system, commence-
laic, dering, roving, roaming, jour-
ment; ancestry, paternity. neying, unsettled, nomadic.
Iteration. Recital, repetition, ANT. Stationary, domestic,
reiteration, recurrence, harp- settled, fixed, local.
ing, succession. Itinerary. Guide, guidebook,
Single statement. schedule.

Jade, v. Tire, weary, fatigue, ANT. Indifferent, genial, tm-

exhaust, fag ; worry, harass, op- envious, liberal, self-denying.
press. Jealousy. Suspicion, envy, ri-
ANT. Refresh, recruit, in- valry, solicitude.
vigorate, inspirit. ANT. Vigilance, watchful-
Jagged. Notched, indented, un- ness, magnanimity, generous-
even, ragged. ness, friendliness; certainty.
ANT. Smooth. Jeer, v. Scoff, taunt, jibe, sneer,
Jangle, n. Jargon, babel, bick- flout, mock, jest, deride, banter.
ering, wrangle, quarrel, squab- ANT. Flatter, compliment,
ble, contention. praise; adulate, faum, cringe.
ANT. Argument, discourse, Jejune. Empty, barren, meager,
debate. dry, sterile, bare, lean, unin-
Jar, v. Shake, agitate ; clash, in- teresting, thin, scant, poverty-
terfere; wrangle, quarrel, con- stricken, poor, void.
tend, bicker, spar, squabble, ANT. Full, rich, exuberant,
jangle. racy, interesting, overwrought,
ANT. Agree, harmonize, ac- redundant, abundant.
cord, concur. Jeopardy. Hazard, peril, risk,
Jarg-on. Gabble, gibberish; non- danger, venture.
sense, twaddle, flummery, trash, ANT. Security, safety, in-
stuff, gabble; slang; lingo, pa- surance, provision.
tois. Jest, n. Joke, witticism, quip,
ANT. Speech, conversation; sally, raillery, fun, sport.
discourse, oration; literature. ANT. Seriousness, gravity,
Jaundiced. Biased, prejudiced, earnest.
warped, prepossessed; bilious. Jest, v. Joke, sport, rally, ban-
ANT. Unprejudiced, unbi- ter, ridicule, mock, grin.
ased. ANT. Preach, sermonize.
Jaunty. Airy, showy, finical, Jocose. Humorous, facetious,
fluttering, gay, fine, bedizened, witty, droll, funny, comical,
flighty, fantastic, flaunting. jocular, sportive, merry, wag-
ANT. Staid, sober, sedate, gish.
dignified, demure. ANT. Melancholy, serious,
Jealous. Envious,
suspicious, earnest, grave, lugubrious.
resentful, covetous, invidious ; Jocund. Joyous, joyful, merry,
anxious, apprehensive, solici- frolicsome, blithe, jolly, sport-
tous, zealous, watchful. ive, lively, playful, airy, gay,
[ 177
Joi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
debonair, jovial, gleeful, care-
less, blithesome, mirthful, hi-
larious, sprightly, vivacious.
ANT. Melancholy, dull, sor-
rowful, grave, mournful, cheer-
less, rueful, doleful, careworn,
woful.
Join. Add, attach, annex; con-
nect, couple, link, unite, con-
join, cement; adjoin, be adja-
cent to, connect with; associ-
ate with, confederate, league.
ANT. Separate, disconnect,
disjoin, subtract, sever.
Joint. Juncture, union; flexure,
elbow, knee, articulation.
ANT. Disconnection, contin-
uity, uniformity, solution, dis-
junction.
Jollification. Revelry, convivial-
ity, festivity, revel, carousal,
wassail, carouse, fun, carnival.
ANT. Weariness, tedium,
tediousness, soberness, monot-
ony.
Jolly. Merry, joyous, gay, jo-
vial, mirthful, jocund, sportive,
jocular, funny, sprightly, face-
tious, waggish, blithe, blithe-
some, cheery, cheerful; portly,
bouncing, stout, plump.
ANT. Sad, mournful, cheer-
less, mirthless, joyless, lugu-
brious, gloomy, morose.
Jostle. Push, crowd, hustle, col-
lide, strike against; shake, in-
commode, joggle, jog, jolt.
ANT. Clear, lead, convoy,
escort, pilot, precede, extricate,
attend.
Jot. Iota, whit, tittle, particle,
atom, grain, bit, mite, scrap,
scintilla, cipher, trifle, idea,
thought, morsel, fraction.
ANT. World, mass, volume,
heap, bulk.
Journey. Travel, transit, expe-
dition, excursion, tour, voyage,
trip, pilgrimage.
ANT. Sojourn, tarrying, de-
[ 178
[jud
lay, stop, stay, abiding, stop-
over.
Jovial. Merry, joyous, gay, fes-
tive, mirthful, jolly, gleeful,
hilarious, genial, convivial.
ANT. Ungenial, gloomy, lu-
gubrious, melancholy, satur-
nine.
Joviality. Merriment, jollity,
mirth, hilarity, gaiety, frolic,
fun.
ANT. Sadness, seriousness,
soberness.
Joy. Gladness, delight, pleasure,
happiness, transport, felicity,
exultation, ecstasy, bliss, rap-
ture, gaiety, hilarity, glee, be-
atitude, ravishment.
ANT. Sorrow, grief, melan-
choly, affliction, tears, depres-
sion, despondency, pain, mis-
ery, trouble, despair.
Joyful. Glad, joyous, merry, ju-
bilant, jocund, happy, jolly,
jovial, elate, elated, delighted,
buoyant.
ANT. Grave, solemn, mourn-
ful, sad, melancholy, lugubri-
ous.
Jubilant. Rejoicing, exultant,
triumphant, joyous, festive, ex-
ulting, congratulatory.
ANT. Doleful, sorrowful, re-
morseful, wailing, penitent, lu-
gubrious.
Jubilee. Festival, season of re-
joicing, feast, holiday, festiv-
ity, revel, carnival, merriment*
ANT. Fast, mourning, hu-
miliation, penitence.
Judge. Justice, referee, arbiter,
arbitrator, ximpire magistrate,
;
authority; critic, connoisseur.
ANT. Criminal, novice, tyro,
ignoramus.
Judgment. Discernment, esti-
mate, award, criticism, under-
standing, discrimination, intel-
ligence, taste, sagacity, pene-
tration, wisdom, brains, pru-
]
jud] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [jus

dence, sense ; determination, Jungle. Thicket, brake, wilder-

decision, opinion, notion, con- ness, labyrinth, underbrush, en-
clusion; judiciousness, intel- tanglement.
lect; verdict, sentence, reward, ANT. Open, clearing; order,
condemnation. arrangement, system.
ANT. Argument, specula- Junior. Younger ; subordinate,
tion, inquiry, proposition, in- less advanced.
vestigation, consideration, evi- ANT. Senior, elder, older;
dence, pleading, pronounce- more advanced, superior.
ment; fickleness, insagacity, Jurisdiction. Right, authority,
impulsiveness. sphere, judicature, legal power;
Judicial. Just, well-balanced, de- government, control, sway, ad-
liberative; juridical, forensic. ministration, magistracy.
ANT. Legislative, executive, ANT. Immunity, exemption,
or administrative; impulsive. freedom, independence.
Judicious. Discreet, wise, pru- Just. Upright, righteous, hon-
dent, sagacious, sensible, rea- est, true,conforming to justice ;
sonable, rational, sober, sound, exact, normal, reasonable, due;
staid, politic, enlightened, well- equitable, fair, impartial, right,
considered, well-chosen; dis- rightful, lawful ; fair-minded,
cerning, thoughtful. blameless, honorable, straight-
ANT. Silly, imprudent, in- forward, virtuous, uncorrupt;
discreet, ill-judged, inexpedient, accurate, correct; deserved, fit,
rash, impolitic, blind, foolish. merited, appropriate, suitable,
Juggle, v. Cheat, conjure, im- happy, proper, harmonious.
pose, trick, practice jugglery, ANT. Evil, untrue, unjust,
deceive, defraud ; bamboozle, dishonest, prejudiced, unfair,
beguile, swindle, mystify, mis- unreasonable, partial, unlawful,
lead, overreach. unequitable; blameworthy, cor-
ANT. Expose, enlighten, un- rupt, dishonorable; inaccurate,
deceive; detect, reveal, correct. incorrect; undeserved, unfit, in-
Jumble, n. Confusion, disorder, appropriate, inharmonious.
hodge-podge. Justice. Legality, eqtiity, recti-
ANT. Order, system, neat- tude, fairness, law, lawfulness,
ness, arrangement. right, truth, uprightness, vir-
Jump, v. Leap, skip, bound, hop, tue, fair play, faithfulness, im-
spring, vault, caper; bounce, partiality, integrity, righteous-
jolt,overleap; coincide, agree, ness reasonableness, desert,
;

accord. propriety.
ANT. Walk, pace, prome- ANT. Injustice, dishonesty,
nade; dance. favoritism, partiality, wrong,
Junction. Joining, union, com- unlawfulness, unfairness, un-
bination, coalition, connection, reasonableness.
linking, coupling; joint, junc- Justification. Vindication, de-
ture, angle; fastening, attach- fense, exoneration, exculpation ;
ment; alliance, confederacy. absolution; apology, advocacy,
ANT. Division, separation, plea, maintenance.
disconnection, hiatus, chasm, ANT. Censure, condemna-
uncoupling, disunion; continu- tion, conviction, implication,
ity. crimination, inculpation.
[ 179 ]
jus] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [kin

Justify. Vindicate, maintain, Juvenile. Young, youthful, pu-

defend; absolve, clear, exoner- erile, childish, boyish, girlish,
ate; pardon, exculpate; adjust; infantine, immature, adoles-
excuse. cent.
ANT. Condemn, convict, cen- ANT.Mature, elderly, aged,
sure, criminate. manly, womanly,
senile, adult,
Justness. Exactness, propri- superannuated.
ety, correctness, accuracy, ex- Juxtaposition. Nearness, con-
actitude, strictness, fidelity, tiguity, adjacency, proximity,
nicety. contact.
ANT. Incorrectness, inexact- ANT. Distance, remoteness,
ness, slovenliness. separateness; opposition.

Keen. Sharp; acute; bitter, se- tion; nonsupport, betrayal; dis-

vere, piercing, stinging; eager, agreement, incongruity.
vehement, fierce; prompt, ar- Keepsake. Souvenir, token, re
dent, cutting, biting, sarcastic, membra ncer.
penetrating, satirical, shrewd; Ken. Sight, view, cognizance,
poignant, acrimonious, caustic; knowledge, survey, range.
discerning, quick, astute. ANT. Ignorance, oversight,
ANT. Blunt, dull, languid, inexperience, inobservance.
blind, indifferent, obtuse, undis- Kernel. Seed, grain; nucleus;
cerning, slow, simple. core, gist.
Keep. Retain, hold, reserve, de- ANT. Peeling, meat, shell,
tain, preserve, restrain, with- husk.
hold, maintain, support, sus- Key. Lock opener;
clue, guide,
tain, continue, guard, protect, solution, explanation; keynote,
adhere to, obey, fulfil; cele- tonic; wedge, clamp; lever.
brate, honor, conduct, commem- ANT. Mystification, confu-
orate, solemnize; haunt, fre- sion, mystery, secret, problem.
quent; observe, perform; con- Kick. Strike or thrust at with
ceal, suppress; hinder, prevent, the foot; recoil; resist, rebel,
refrain. spurn, be calcitrant.
ANT. Release, speed, liter- ANT. Caress, soothe, flatter,
ate, send, dismiss; neglect, be- obey.
tray, abandon, discard; disre- Kill. Murder, massacre, as-
gard, disobey, transgress, for- sassinate, butcher, execute, des-
sake, desert, forget. patch, slay, slaughter, put to
Keeping. Charge, guardianship, death.
custody, care holding, preser-
; ANT. Resuscitate, vivify, re-
vation, restraint; maintenance, animate, revivify, quicken, en-
support, feed, provision; har- liven.
mony, consistency, congruity, Kin. Family, birth, blood, con-
conformity, agreement. sanguinity, descent, race, rela-
ANT. Neglect, abuse, disre- tionship, kind, kindred, affin-
gard; abandonment, destruc- ity, alliance.

[ 180 ]
kin] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [kno

ANT. Strangership, inaffin- Kingdom. Empire, monarchy,

ity, alienage, foreignership. sovereignty, domain, dominion.
Kind, n. Race, family, species, Kingly. Regal, royal, monar-
breed, class, genus; character, chical, imperial, august, sov-
sort, variety, nature, fashion, ereign, noble, splendid, mag-
description, denomination, des- nificent, imposing, grand, ma-
ignation. jestic.
ANT. Dissimilarity, differen- ANT. Plebeian, humble, pop-
tiation. ular, commonplace, simple, vul-
Kind, a. Benign, indulgent, hu- gar.
mane, compassionate, gentle, Knack. Toy, plaything, gim-
tender, beneficent, propitious, crack; dexterity, skill, adroit-
generous, forbearing, lenient, ness, facility, aptness, aptitude,
bounteous, clement, mild, good, expertness, quickness.
obliging, bland, friendly, ami- ANT. Clumsiness, awkward-
cable, philanthropic, charitable, ness, ineptitude.
sympathetic, affectionate, ten- Knave. Villain, rascal, rogue,
der-hearted. scoundrel, cheat, scamp, mis-
ANT. Harsh, severe, hard, creant, swindler, scapegrace.
cruel, unkind, rough, stern, for- ANT. Gentleman, hero; gull,
bidding, austere, crabbed, il- dupe, simpleton.
liberal. Knavish. Trickish, cheating;
Kindle. Light, ignite, inflame, mischievous, roguish, waggish;
enkindle, set on fire; excite, fraudulent, villainous.
arouse, awaken, stir up, stimu- ANT. Honest, upright, hon-
late, incite, animate, foment; orable.
exasperate, provoke, enrage. Knot, n. Tie, bond, intricacy,
ANT. Quench, suppress, ex- connection; entanglement, com-
tinguish, allay. plication; joint; group, band,
Kindness, Kindliness. Benevo- clique, gang, crew.
lence, humanity, charity, sym- ANT. Loosening, unfasten-
^ pathy, compassion, amiability, ing, unraveling, dispersion; so-
good nature; mildness, gentle- lution, simplification; evenness,
ness, softness. smoothness; individual.
ANT. Harshness, cruelty, se- Knotty. Knotted, difficult, in-
verity, sternness, roughness, au- tricate, perplexed, tough, hard,
sterity. complicated.
Kindred, n. Relationship, con- ANT. Plain, simple, obvious,
sanguinity, affinity; relations, easy, smooth, uninvolved.
kin, kith and kin, relatives, Know. Perceive, apprehend, un-
kinsmen, kinsfolk. derstand; be convinced or as-
ANT. Disconnection, unre- sured; acquaint, recognize; dis-
latedness; strangers, foreign- tinguish, comprehend.
ers. ANT. Be ignorant or illit-
Kindred, a. Related, cognate, erate, overlook, misunderstand,
akin, allied, congenial; respon- misconstrue.
sive, sympathetic. Knowing. Intelligent, skilful,
ANT. Unrelated, uncongen- competent, well-informed, pro-
ial, unallied; different, unre- ficient, qualified, experienced,
sponsive. accomplished; conscious, per-
[ 181 ]
kno] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [lam.

cipient, thinking; cunning, ex- tion, recognition, acquaintance,

pressive, significant; shrewd, intuition, experience, informa-
astute, discerning, sagacious. tion, apprehension, notice, un-
ANT. Simple, innocent, gul- derstanding, conversance, cog-
lible, stolid, silly; dull, stupid, nizance, familiarity, instruc-
inefficient; unresponsive, non- tion, enlightenment; acquire-
suggestible. ments, attainments.
Knowledge. Learning, wisdom, ANT. Ignorance, illiteracy,
scholarship, science, compre- unfamiliarity, rudeness, inex-
hension, cognition, erudition, perience, misapprehension, r/n's-
intelligence, light, lore, percep- conception, misunderstanding.

Labor, n. Toil, exertion, work, destitution, failure, scantiness,

effort, task, travail;
drudgery, dearth, scarcity, fault, deficit,
industry, painstaking; burden, shortness, insufficiency.
duties. ANT. Plenty, fulness, abun-
ANT. Ease, indolence, rest, dance, supply, sufficiency, com-
respite, recreation, refreshment, petence, satisfaction.
vacation, inactivity, laziness. Laconic, Laconical. Short, epi-
Labored. Elaborate, studied, grammatic, brusk, brief, con-
highly wrought, overwrought, cise, pithy, sententious, terse,
stiff, heavy. curt.
ANT. Easy, natural, simple. ANT. Wordy, tedious, pro-
Laborer. Workman, operative, lix, diffuse, prosy, loquacious,
workingman, hand, employee, garrulous.
bread-winner. Laggard, n. Loiterer, lingerer,
ANT. Employer. sluggard, saunterer, dawdler,
Laborious. Toilsome, difficult, idler.
tiresome, onerous, wearisome, Laical. Laic, lay, unprofession-
fatiguing, arduous, hard, bur- al; secular, temporal; civil,
densome, tedious, irksome; in- non-legal.
dustrious, diligent, toiling, as- ANT. Clerical, professional,
siduous, hard-working, pains- theological, sacred, divine, ec-
taking, sedulous, indefatigable, clesiastic, ministerial, priestly,
active. canonical, legal, sacerdotal.
ANT. Easy, light, simple, fac- Laity. Laymen, the people.
ile, feasible; lazy, indolent, in- ANT. Clergy, professional
diligent, idle. people.
Labyrinth. Maze, confusion, in- Lame. Hobbling, crippled, limp-
tricacy, windings perplexity,
; ing; inefficient, imperfect, de-
complexity, bewilderment, in- fective ; weak, feeble, poor, un-
volutions ; difficulty. satisfactory, insufficient ; halt,
ANT. Simplicity, calm, per- faltering, impotent.
spicacity ; insight, understand- ANT. Robust, strong, potent,
ing. efficient, cogent, effective, con-
Lack, n. Deficiency, want, need, vincing, telling, satisfactory.
[ 182 ]
lam] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Lament, v. Mourn, bemoan,
wail, deplore, sorrow over, re-
gret, grieve.
ANT. Rejoice, enjoy, hail,
welcome.
Language. Idiom, speech, dia-
lect, tongue, patois, barbarism,
diction, expression, vernacu-
lar, vocabulary, mother tongue,
phraseology, discourse, conver-
sation, talk; articulation, ac-
cents; style, utterance, voice.
ANT. Jargon, gibberish, cry,
howl, roar; speechlcssness, in-
articulateness, muteness, dumb-
ness.
Languid. Drooping, indisposed,
inanimate, feeble, weak, faint,
sickly, pining, weary, listless,
heavy, dull, exhausted, heart-
less enervated, flagging, spirit-
; ress; eulogize, compliment, ex-
less, unnerved, unbraced.
ANT. Strong, vigorous, ro-
bust, active, braced, healthy, en-
ergetic, animated, alert.
Languish. To be languid, pine,
droop, sink, faint, decline.
ANT. Luxuriate, thrive, pros-
per, flourish, bloom.
Languor. Feebleness, weakness,
faintness, weariness, lassitude,
listlessness, heaviness,
ness.
ANT. Strength, vigor, energy,
freshness, lithesomencss.
Lank. Slender, thin, shrunken,
lean, loose, slim, long, lax.
ANT. Plump, fat,
short, full, rounded.
Lapse, n. Slipping, falling, slip,
fault; termination, failure; es-
cheatment, flow, flux, progress,
reversion, elapsing; apostasy.
ANT. Stability, fixedness, re-
tention, fixture, stoppage, up-
rightness; inheritance, posses-
sion.
Large. Colossal, ample, broad,
bulky, extensive, vast, massive,
spacious, wide, commodious,
[lat
be- enormous, coarse, grand, long,
gigantic, immense, huge, great,
big, capacious, considerable,
abundant; diffuse, comprehen-
sive, profuse, plentiful, popu-
lous, copious, liberal; enlight-
ened, catholic.
ANT. Circumscribed, illib-
eral, contracted, niggardly, sor-
did, bigoted; small, little, mi-
croscopic, mean, minute, tiny,
slender, trifling, trivial, dimin-
utive, inconsiderable, slight, in-
finitesimal, limited, short, insig-
nificant, scanty, petty, narrow,
paltry.
Lash, v. Strike, whip, scourge,
flog, beat, tie, fasten; censure,
satirize, castigate.
ANT. Soothe, smooth, ca-
tol.
Lassitude. Languor, weariness,
weakness, debility, inertia.
ANT. Energy, strength, ro-
bustness, vigor, freshness.
Last, Continue, endure, per-
v.
sist, remain, hold, abide, live.
ANT. End, stop, terminate,
depart, fade, cease, fail, die.
Last, a. Final, hindmost, far-
dul- thest; next, past; highest or
lowest, supreme, utmost; most
unlikely, least fit; latest, final,
concluding, ultimate.
ANT.First, foremost, open-
ing,introductory, initiatory;
chubby, ensuing, next, nearest.
Lasting. Durable, permanent,
unending, enduring, abiding,
perpetual.
ANT. Temporary, transient,
ephemeral, momentary, occa-
sional, periodic, recurrent.
Late. Slow, tardy; deceased, de-
parted; far advanced; recent;
not long past; delayed.
ANT. Early, coming, pres-
ent, future, forthcoming, exist-
ing.
[ 183 ]
lat] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [lea

Lately. Recently, of late, not order, insubordination, rebel-

far past, but just. lion; caprice, chance, irregu-
ANT. Formerly, remotely, larity, accident, casualty.
distantly in past or future. Lawful. Conformable to law,
Latent. Hidden, secret, invis- legitimate, competent, consti-
ible, dormant, unobserved, con- tuted, authorized; legal, con-
cealed, inapparent, potential, stitutional, rightful, regular ;
implicit, undeveloped, inherent. permissible, orderly, right, al-
ANT. Visible, explicit, ap- lowable, fair.
parent, exposed, developed, ac- ANT. Illegal, impermissible,
tive, conspicuous, manifest. unlawful, wrong.
Lateral. At the side, oblique; Lawless. Contrary to law, ille-
indirect, secondary, resultant, gal ; unrestrained, unregulated ;
parallel, incidental. wild, rebellious, savage, disor-
ANT. Direct, primary, im- derly.
mediate, lineal. ANT. Peaceful, law-abiding,
Latter. Later, modern, more re- loyal, civilized, honest, tract-
cent; last, final. able, well-disposed.
ANT. Former, previous, an- Lawyer. Counselor, attorney,
oient; penultimate. counsel, advocate.
Laudable. Praiseworthy, com- ANT. Client.
mendable. Lax. Slack, vague, unconfined;
ANT. Blameworthy, exe- dissolute, licentious ; incoher-
crable. ent; unprincipled, loose, re-
Laughter. Laughing, mirth, miss, flabby.
merriment, glee; derision, ridi- ANT. Concise, strict, rigid,
cule, contempt. coherent, compact; conscien-
ANT. Weeping, tears, sor- tious, principled.
row, mourning, lamentation; Lay. Put, place, establish, de-
respect, veneration, admira- posit, arrange, spread, dispose,
tion. set down; allay, prostrate.
Launch, v. Hurl, throw, let fly; ANT. Raise, erect, lift up;
set afloat ; start, propel, move ; excite, disorder, disarrange.
expatiate, enlarge. Lazy. Shirking, idle, inactive,
ANT. Recall, repress, retain; slothful, slow, sluggish.
ignore, avoid, shun. ANT. Industrious, energetic,
Lavish, a. Profuse, prodigal ; active, assiduous.
superabundant, excessive, ex- Lead, n. Guidance, direction, in-
travagant, bountiful, wasteful. itiative, control ; precedence,
ANT. Sparing, economical, priority, preeminence.
close, niggardly, chary. ANT. Following, submission,
Law. Code, canon, edict, decree, subordination; inferiority.
order, mandate, legislation, or- Lead, v. Guide, conduct, direct,
dinance, rule, regulation, ju- counsel; precede, draw, induce,
risprudence, enactment, com- entice, allure; convoy; com-
mand, commandment, economy, mence, inaugurate ; persuade,
formula, polity, principle, stat- influence.
ute; mode, method, sequence, ANT. Follow; dissuade, mis-
adjudication, jurisdiction. lead, misguide; leave, aban-
ANT. Misrule, anarchy, dis- don.

[ 184 ]
lea] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [lei

Leader. Guide, conductor; di- ANT. Ignorance, illiteracy,

rector, chief, head. boorishness, stupidity; inspira-
ANT. Follower, disciple. tion, revelation.
League. Alliance, compact, co- Least. Smallest, shortest, low-
alition, confederacy, confedera- est, most unimportant, mean-
tion, bond, combination, union. est, last.
ANT. Neutrality; divorce, ANT. Greatest, longest, no-
disruption, disunion, secession, blest, highest, most important,
disconnection, alienation, dis- first, principal, main, leading,
solution. preeminent.
Lean, v. Incline, deviate, bend, Leave, v. Quit, abandon, give
rest, rely on; conform; tend, up, forego, resign, surrender,
depend, hang; slope; repose, forbear; cease, stop, desist; de-
confide. part, go from; bequeath.
ANT. Support, raise, erect, ANT. Persist, stay, hold, re-
stabilitate, rise, straighten. tain; continue; arrive.
Lean, a. Slender, spare, meager, Legal. Authorized, legitimate,
thin, lank, gaunt, skinny, bare, constitutional, licit, lawful, al-
scant, barren, mean; shriveled, lowable.
emaciated, bony, scraggy. ANT. Illegal, unlawful, un-
ANT. Fat, plump, brawny, constitutional, lay, illegitif
well-conditioned, obese, stout. mate.
Leaning. Tendency, proclivity, Legend. Chronicle ; myth, fable ;
propensity, bias, liking, parti- inscription, motto ; hearsay,
ality, inclination. fiction.
ANT.Loathing, aversion, re- ANT. Fact, history, trut\,
pugnance, avoidance, dislike. verity.
Leap, v. Jump, vault, spring, Legible. Distinct, plain, appar-
bound, hop, bounce. ent, discernible, clear, manifest,
ANT. Walk, dive, swim, run. decipherable, well-written.
Learn. Acquire, imbibe, attain, ANT. Illegible, cryptograph-
collect, know, gather, under- ic, cabalistic, undecipherable,
stand, study. obscure.
ANT. Forget, lose; teach, Legitimate. Lawful, valid; au-
instruct. thorized, real, genuine, licit, al-
Learned. Erudite, versed, well- lowable, normal, standard.
informed, scholarly, skilled, lit- ANT. Illegitimate, unallow-
erary, conversant, read. able, unfair, unauthorized, il-
ANT. Ignorant, unlearned, licit, false.
illiterate, unscholarly. Leisure. Freedom, ease, vaca-
Learner. Pupil, scholar, stu- tion, convenience; opportunity,
dent, disciple, novice. retirement, spare time.
ANT. Teacher, professor, ANT. Occupation, employ-
authority, adept, master, doc- ment, absorption, work, labor,
tor. constraint, engagement, busi-
Learning. Knowledge, erudi- ness, toil.
tion, skill, literature, science, Leisurely. Deliberate, conveni-
lore, letters, education, culture, ent, easy, sauntering.
tuition, acquirements, attain- ANT. Hurried, hasty, diffi-
ments, scholarship. cult, speedy, industrious, <uid-
185 ]
 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [lib

uous, eager, precipitate, expe- tivity, quickness; eagerness, at-

ditious.
Lend. Let, afford, furnish, loan,
advance, grant.
A_NT. Refuse, withhold, re-
tain, appropriate, withdraw;
recall.
Lengthen. Elongate, stretch,
extend, prolong.
ANT. Shorten, contract, con-
fine, narrow.
Lengthy. Long, drawn out,
dious, verbose, diffuse, prolix.
ANT. Concise, comprehen-
sive, laconic, short, brief, con-
densed, succinct, compact.
Lenient. Merciful, mild, relax-
ing, assuasive, softening, com-
passionate.
ANT. Harsh, cruel, hard, se-
vere, stern.
Lessen. Diminish, reduce, de-
crease, abate, lower, impair, de-
grade, weaken.
ANT. Increase, enlarge, ex-
tend, develop, heighten, multi-
ply, strengthen, spread, en-
hance.
Lesson. Instruction, precept,
doctrine, study; reproof, warn-
ing, rebuke, lecture, homily.
ANT. Misguidance, misin-
formaton, deception.
Let. Permit, allow, suffer; rent,
lease, hire out; assign, grant,
give, contract.
ANT. Prevent, hinder, check,
thioart; refuse, deny, withhold,
withdraw.
Lethal. Fatal, deadly, mortal, Libel, n.
poisonous, venomous, baneful,
noxious.
ANT. Remedial, wholesome,
salutary, vital, invigorating,
restorative.
Lethargy. Drowsiness, torpor,
swoon, trance, stupor, oblivion ;
indifference.
ANT. Alertness, liveliness,
vigilance, wakefulness, life, ac-
tention, interest.
Letter. Epistle; mark, charac-
ter; note, communication, mes-
sage, missive; (pi.) erudition,
learning.
Level, n. Plane; surface, floor;
rank, standard, degree, posi-
tion ; ground ; horizontality,
equality, platform.
ANT. Unevenness, acclivity,
te- inequality, vertically, decliv-
ity.
Level, v. Smooth, flatten, even;
overthrow; aim, direct; plane,
raze, equalize.
ANT. Roughen, furrow, grad-
uate, grade.
Level, a. Flat, horizontal, even,
plane, smooth.
ANT. Rough, uneven, broken,
rolling, undulating, hilly.
Levity. Inconstancy, unsteadi-
ness, thoughtlessness, frivolity,
fickleness; flightiness, volatil-
ity.
ANT. Gravity, earnestness,
seriousness, sobriety, dignity,
importance.
Levy, v. Raise, collect, assess,
seize, exact; attack; tax, im-
pose, muster.
ANT. Pay, forego, surrender,
reimburse, repay, liquidate.
Liable. Accountable, bound, re-
sponsible, answerable, subject,
exposed, obnoxious; amenable.
ANT. Irresponsible, refrac-
tory, independent, autocratic.
Lampoon, satire, def-
amation, detraction, slander,
calumny, traducement.
ANT. Retraction, vindica-
tion, apology; puff, praise, en-
comium, advocacy, panegyric.
Liberal. Generous, munificent,
beneficent, large, free, catholic,
unselfish, unrestrained, toler-
ant; ample, profuse.
ANT. Mean, grasping, greedy,
[ 186 ]
lib] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [lig

niggardly, avaricious; narrow- deception, falsehood, falsifica-

minded, bigoted, prejudiced, in-
adequate, contracted, scanty.
Liberate. Deliver, set free, dis-
engage, release.
ANT. Confine, imprison, ar-
rest; sentence, doom, condemn.
Libertine. Rake, debauchee,
solute person, profligate.
ANT. Ascetic, anchorite.
Liberty. Emancipation, choice,
freedom, license, independence,
tion; delusion, illusion.
ANT. Truth, verity, reality,
fact; veracity, exactness, pre-
cision, principle, honesty, sin-
cerity.
Lie, v. Utter a lie; rest, recline,
dis- be situated; abide, remain, con-
tinue; exist, belong, consist;
lodge, sleep.
ANT. Rise, stir, move, walk,
Z>e active, go, change, run.

leave, permission, exemption; Life. Being, soul, spirit; af-

privilege, franchise, immunity. fairs; animation, vivacity, en-
ANT. Slavery, captivity, serv- ergy v ig r i living being; bi-
itude, serfdom, compulsion, ne- ography.
cessity, constraint, imprison- ANT. Death, mortality, de-
ment, oppression, thraldom, su- cease, lifelessness, annihilation,
perstition, obligation. nonexistence ; lethargy, coma,
Aiicen.se, n. Permission, leave, stupor; demise, departure, dis-
privilege, right, warrant; lax- solution.
ity, disorder, anarchy, lawless- Lift, v. Raise, elevate; exalt,
ness. improve; steal.
ANT. Obligation, constraint, ANT. Lower, sink, depress,
compulsion, submission, neces- let descend; reduce, degrade,
sity, restraint, restriction, mod- humble; crush, overwhelm;
eration, temperance. hurl, dash, fling, throw.
License, v. Permit, authorize, Ligament. Bandage, bond, con-
let. nection, ligature, strap, girth,
ANT. Prohibit, restrain, for- band, brace, tie ; tying, bind-
bid, constrain, inhibit, interdict, ing.
withhold, withdraw; annul, dis- ANT. Fracture, disconnection,
allow. dislocation, disruption, sever-
Licentious. Excessive, abusive; ance, laceration, splinter, rup-
unrestrained, uncurbed, unruly, ture, break.
lawless, immoral, lewd, riotous, Light, n. Gleam, shine, glitter,
ungovernable, wanton, lax, dis- flame, illumination, in-
blaze,
solute, profligate, loose, sensual, candescence, glow, flash, flare,
impure, unchaste, lascivious. sparkle, twinkle, flicker, glare,
ANT. Temperate, strict, mod- glimmer, glistening, sheen, lus-
erate, controlled, self-controlled, ter, shimmer, shining, scintil-
ascetic, austere, sober, self-de- lation, day; open view, public-
nying, puritanic, renuncia- ity; enlightenment, knowledge,
tory. information ; prosperity, joy,
Licit. Lawful, legal. happiness, felicity.
ANT. unlaw-
Illegal, illicit, ANT. Dark, gloom, dark-
ful, unlicensed, unauthorized, ness, dimness, blackness, dusk,
illegitimate, improper, forbid- shade, shadow, gloominess, ob-
den. scurity; extinction, night, tene-
Lie, n. Untruth, fiction, fable, broaity, death; confusion, mya+
[ 187 ]
lig] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [lin

tification, ignorance, misunder- dissimilarity, inequality;

standing, illiteracy, blindness, inal.
nescience. Likewise. Also, moreover, too,
Light, a. Bright, clear, white; besides.
umveighty, imponderable, port- ANT. Otherwise.
able, easy, volatile, insubstan- Liking. Inclination, pleasure,
tial, buoyant; small, trifling, desire, preference, approval, af-
inconsiderable, moderate, insig- fection, fondness, taste, parti-
nificant; porous, spongy; un- ality.
steady, fickle, frivolous, un- ANT. Dislike, disrelish, ab-
settled; empty, slight, vain, ca- horrence, hatred, loathing, re-
pricious, thoughtless. pugnance, aversion.
ANT. Weighty, ponderous, Limit. Boundary, termination,
oppressive, grievous, burden- restriction, confine, enclosure,
some; onerous, difficult, labori- border.
ous, hard; dejected, depressed, ANT. Expanse, space, inte-
despondent; dull, inert, inac- land; void.
rior, center, tract,
tive. Limitless. Boundless, illimi-
Like, v. Be pleased with, ap- table, immeasurable, vast, im-
prove, enjoy, love, relish, es- mense, infinite, interminable,
teem, fancy, affect. unrestricted, unhindered, tun-
ANT. Dislike, hate, loathe, obstructed.
detest, abhor, abominate. ANT. Bounded, limited, re-
Like, a. Resembling, similar; stricted, circumscribed, defined,
equal; probable, likely; dis- restrained, hindered, prevented,
posed to, inclined toward; cor- hampered, obstructed, condi-
respondent. tioned.
ANT. Different, dissimilar, Limpid. Clear, transparent, lu-
counterpart; improbable, un- cid, pellucid, pure, translucent,
likely; disinclined, indisposed. bright, crystal.
Likelihood. Probability, sem- ANT. Turbid, foul, muddy,
blance, appearance, verisimili- opaque, dark, black.
tude. Line, n. Thread, cord, hawser,
ANT. Improbability, incon- rope; boundary, contour, out-
ceivability, impossibility, un- line; family, race; track, rail-
likelihood; distinction, differ- road, course, method; continu-
ence, uncertainty, contrariety; ity, sequence, succession.
inconsistency. ANT. Breadth, icidth; ex-
Likely. Probable, presumable, panse, space, deviation, diver-
reasonable, apt, credible, con- gency, variation; discontinu-
ceivable, conjectural. ance.
ANT.Unlikely, doubtful, in- Lineage. Ancestry, family, de-
credible, dubious, improbable, scendants, house, breed, race,
questionable, unreasonable. descent, progeny.
Likeness. Resemblance, simi- ANT. Ancestor, source, an-
larity; guise; portrait, simili- cestry, origin, founder, progen-
tude, correspondence, copy, im- itor.
itation, image, representation, Lineament. Profile, form, fea-
ffigy, picture. ture, mark, outline.
ANT. Unlikeness, disparity, ANT. Face, aspect, counte-
t 188 ]
lin] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [liv

nance, visage, front, expres- Literature. Books, literary pro-

sion. ductions or works, publications,
Linear. Direct, straight, recti- writings, belles-lettres; study,
linear, lineal. lore, reading, scholarship, at-
ANT. Zigzag, wandering, di- tainment inspiration, genius,
;

vergent, crooked, hooked, in- intuition, the divine afflatus;

curvate.
Linger. Lag, saunter, tarry, de-
lay, halt, stop, hesitate, wait,
pause.
ANT. Hasten, speed, push
on, go, press forward, advance,
progress.
Liquid, a. Fluid, flowing, flu-
ent, running, melting, liques-
cent; mellifluous, soft, limpid,
clear.
ANT. Solid, hard, congealed,
insoluble, solidified, concrete;
harsh, discordant.
List. Roll, catalogue, schedule,
inventory, record, register, in-
dex.
ANT. Non-registration.
Listen. Harken, hear, attend,
hark, heed, list.
ANT. Ignore, scorn, neglect,
slight, be deaf to.
Listless. Indifferent, spiritless,
heedless, careless, languid, un-
interested indolent, vacant, su-
; Live, v. Have life; abide, dwell,
pine, torpid.
ANT. Interested, eager, ear-
nest, spirited, careful, heedful,
thoughtful, alert, attentive, ab-
sorbed, curious, engaged, ac-
tive.
Literal. Unimaginative, matter-
of-fact; real; accurate, correct,
exact, grammatical, positive,
verbal, close, plain, actual;
word by word, specific.
ANT. General, free,
metaphorical.
Literary. Learned, bookish,
erate, lettered, erudite,
arly, well-read, studious,
structed, educated.
ANT. Illiterate, unlettered,
unscholarly.
science, learning, letters, eru-
dition.
Lithe. Pliant, flexible, limber,
supple, elastic, agile, flexile.
ANT. Stiff, tough, inelastic,
inflexible, unresponsive, hard,
resistant.
Litter. Clutter, disorder, unti-
diness, rubbish.
ANT. Order, cleanliness, ar-
rangement, tidiness, system,
method.
Little. Small, diminutive; insig-
nificant, contemptible; short,
brief; inefficient, weak, slight;
narrow, mean, illiberal ; pigmy,
scanty, unimportant, inconsid-
erable, trivial, petty, paltry,
dwarf, puny.
ANT. Great, big, large, huge,
monstrous, enormous, long, de-
veloped, bulky, full; important,
momentous, grave, serious, con-
siderable, significant; colossal.
reside; survive, remain, last;
enjoy; feed, subsist; vegetate,
grow, continue, behave, act, ex-
ist, breathe.
ANT. Die, perish, depart,
decay, wither, fade, vanish, fail,
demise, drop, languish, expire,
decline, faint, sink, fall.
Live, a. Alive, living, active,
vigorous, earnest, energetic, an-
imate.
liberal, ANT. Defunct, inanimate,
dead, moribund, deceased, de-
lit- parted, gone.
schol- Livelihood. Support, mainte-
in- nance, sustenance, subsistence;
substance, living.
ANT. Beggary, want, starva-
tion, penury, inanition.

[ 189 ]
liv] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Liveliness. Sprightliness, ani-
mation, gaiety, vivacity, smart-
ness, briskness, activity.
ANT. Sloicness, torpor, stu-
pidity, dulness, insensibility,
listlessness, languor, inertness.
Lively. Quick, nimble,
active, sprightly, brisk,
alert,
animated, prompt, earnest, en-
ergetic, strong, vivacious, glee-
ful, blithe, airy, gay, jocund,
keen, eager, vivid, spirited, vig-
orous.
ANT. Lifeless, dull, torpid,
inanimate, inert, insensate,
less, languid, indifferent.
Livery. Release, deliverance
clothing, food, uniform, pecu-
liar garb; ration, boarding ; de-
pendence, servitude, badge, ret-
inue.
Living, n. Subsistence, estate,
existence.
ANT. Want, starvation, pri-
vation, beggary, dearth, insuffi-
ciency, paucity, poverty, indi-
gence.
Living, a. Active, lively, vigor-
ous; issuing, flowing; quicken-
ing, invigorating; burning, ig-
nited; vegetating, growing.
ANT. Dead, perishable, de-
caying, perishing, departed, in-
animate, vanishing, deceased,
defunct, withered.
Load. Burden, charge, weight,
pack, lading, incubus, clog, en-
cumbrance, cargo, freight, drag,
oppression, pressure.
ANT. Support, solace, alle-
viation, lightness, refreshment,
emptiness.
Loan, n. Advance, mortgage, hy-
pothecation.
ANT. Foreclosure, recall, re-
sumption.
Loath, o.
Averse, unwilling, re-
luctant; backward, indisposed,
disinclined.
ANT. Eager, ardent, zealous,
[loa
enthusiastic, ananous, desirous,
impatient, impetuous, earnest,
forward, fervent.
Loathe, v. Abominate, execrate,
abhor, dislike, detest, hate.
ANT. Desire, like, long for,
smart, love.
Locality. Position, location;
town, village, city; situation,
place, habitat.
Locate. Place, set; designate,
define; establish, settle, lodge,
fix, dispose.
ANT. Remove, leave, dises-
list- tablish, dislodge, displace.
Lock, n. Clasp, catch, bar, bolt,
; fastening, hasp, hook, latch.
Locomotion. Movement, travel,
passage, migration.
ANT. Rest, abode, stoppage,
remanence, fixture, stationari-
ness, permanence.
Lodge, v. Rest, remain, shelter,
stay, abide, stop.
ANT. Remove, travel, pass
on, go, move, journey.
Lofty. Tall, sublime, exalted,
dignified, stately, majestic, sub-
lime, proud, haughty, elevated,
towering, high, eminent.
ANT. Low, stunted, ordi-
nary, unimposing, unassuming,
undignified, depressed.
Logical. Dialectical, reasonable,
coherent, consistent, sound, ar-
gumentative, close, discriminat-
ing.
ANT. Illogical, unsound, in-
consistent, unreasonable, inco-
herent, undiscriminating, falla-
cious, inconclusive.
Lonely, Lonesome. Forlorn, for-
saken, dreary, wild, desolate,
secluded, solitary, depressed,
alone, retired.
ANT. Frequented, populous,
companioned; cheerful, festive,
gay, bustling, animated.
Long-, a. Drawn out, protracted,
extended; continued; linger-
[ 190 ]
loo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [low

ing; distant, far away; exten-
sive, far-reaching.
ANT. Short, brief, curtailed,
contracted, abbreviated, con-
densed, concise.
Look, n. Appearance, aspect;
manner; glance, sight, view.
Look, v. Behold, see, stare, scan,
contemplate, view, glance, de-
scry, watch, discern, gaze, re-
gard,. inspect, survey; consider;
seem, appear; face, front, take
notice; expect, anticipate.
ANT. Be blind or unseeing;
overlook, miss, pass, neglect.
Loose, a. Unbound, untied, free,
unattached, unfastened, un-
constrained ; vague ; liberal, un-
chaste, dissolute; unconnected,
rambling; lax; detached, flow-
ing, scattered, sparse; inexact.
ANT. Tight, close; bound,
tied,fastened, secured; thick,
compact, dense; accurate, exact,
strict, logical, scientific; consci-
entious, self-controlled, firm,
rigorous.
Loquacity. Garrulity, talkative-
ness.
ANT. Taciturnity, silence,
u n responsiv cncss.
Lordly. Imperious, noble, honor-
able proud, haughty, lofty, ma-
; tion, affection, attachment, at-
jestic, magnificent.
ANT. Keep, retain, hold, ob-
tain, grasp, recover, preserve,
treasure, hoard, save, husband,
economize, guard, utilize.
Loss. Failure, destruction, pri-
vation; defect, harm; watte;
squandering, deprivation, for-
feiture ; detriment, ruin, defeat,
injury, damage, disadvantage.
ANT. Restoration, recovery,
reimbursement, retention, pres-
ervation, hoarding, guarding;
utilization; gain, aggrandize-
ment, augmentation, advantage,
acquisition, profit, benefit, in-
crement, earnings.
Lot. Chance, accident, fate, for-
tune, hazard; destiny, doom,
allotment, apportionment; por-
tion, division, part, parcel, land.
ANT. Law, arrangement, de-
sign, purpose, plan, prearrange-
ment.
Loud. Noisy; clamorous, boister-
ous, vociferous ; obstreperous,
turbulent, blustering; ostenta-
tious, gaudy.
ANT. Gentle, subdued, soft,
quiet, silent, inaudible; whis-
pering, murmuring; rustling.
Love, Friendship, liking, ten-
n.
derness, regard, fondness, devo-
traction, charity, courtship ;

ANT. Humble, mean, servile, good will kindness, delight, in-

;

ignoble, lowly, meek, dishonor- clination benevolence.

;

able, abject. ANT. Antipathy, hatred, en-

Lordship, n. Manor; dominion, mity; alienation, dislike, dis-
power, authority; rule, affection, estrangement, bitter-
juris-
diction. ness, coldness, repugnance, infi-
ANT. Subjection, subordina- delity; desertion.
tion, homage, submission, sub- Lovely. Beautiful, charming, de-
servience. lightful, delectable, enchanting,
Lore. Knowledge ; instruction, lovable, amiable pleasing, win-
;

wisdom, advice, counsel. ning, sweet, admirable.

ANT. Ignorance, illiteracy, ANT. Hateful, hideous, ugly,
inexperience, folly, imprudence. homely, unattractive, unlovely,
Lose. Part with, deprive of ; de- plain, gawky, unamiable, unlov-
stroy, waste, squander, wander, able.
miss, ruin ; fail of. Low. Sunken ; quiet ; small ; sub-
[ 191 ]
 low] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
missive, humble; mean, vulgar, tion, rebellion, inconstancy, in-
base, ignoble, dishonorable ; surrection.
moderate; feeble, weak; plain, Lucid. Luminous, transparent,
simple; reasonable, cheap, ab- sane, reasonable; shining, re-
ject, servile, slavish, degraded, splendent, bright; clear; radi-
vile,groveling; deep; reverent; ant, brilliant; limpid, lucent;
dejected, depressed, dispirited. distinct, intelligible, perspicu-
ANT. High, tall, lofty, ele- ous, sober, sound.
vated, exalted; eminent, noble, ANT. Dark, opaque, muddy,
illustrious, rising, strong, in- black, somber, turbid, obscure;
fluential; honorable; elabo- indistinct, unintelligible, mys-
rate, ornate; notable; costly, tifying, insane, unsound, con-
expensive, precious, dear; arro- fused, involved; illegible.
gant, haughty, proud, masterly, Luck. Chance, hap, fate, for-
lordly; high, loud, violent; ir- tune, hazard, casualty, acci-
reverent, sacrilegious, blatant; dent; success, good fortune.
elated, excited; intensified. ANT. Rule, law, causation,
Xower, v. Depress, sink, reduce, purpose, design, certainty;
diminish, humble; let down, fate.
drop; degrade, disgrace, de- Luckless. Unfortunate, unsuc-
base; lessen. cessful, unlucky, ill-fated, un-
ANT. Raise, exalt, elevate, prosperous, ill-starred, unpro-
hoist; increase, aggrandize, pitious, unhappy.
Lower, a. Inferior. Lucky. Fortunate, successful,
ANT. Higher, superior, more auspicious, prosperous, happy,
influential. favored, blessed.
Lowering. Gloomy, threaten- Lucrative. Profitable, gainful,
ing, sullen; cloudy, overcast, paying, remunerative.
murky, dark. ANT. Disadvantageous, un-
ANT. Clear, bright, light; remunerative, unprofitable, use-
vaporless. less, fruitless, vain, unproduc-
Lowly. Low, humble, unimpor- tive.
tant, meek, modest; mean, un- Lucre. Gain, profit, riches, pelf,
pretending, mild. emolument, greed, mammon.
ANT. Lofty, eminent, proud, ANT. Loss, poverty, failure,
arrogant, lordly, haughty, ele- privation.
vated; supercilious, conceited, Lucubration. Nocturnal study,
pretentious. meditation, speculation, cogi-
Loyal. Faithful, true, constant, tation.
,. devoted, staunch, trusty, obe- ANT. Idleness, dulness, stu-
dient, submissive. pidity, torpor, vacuity.
ANT. Inconstant, untrue, Ludicrous. Laughable, comic,
traitorous, mutinous, seditious, burlesque, droll, sportive, ri-
insurgent, insubmissive, rebel- diculous, comical, odd, funny,
lious, disobedient, unfaithful, farcical, absurd.
disaffected, dastardly. ANT. Grave, serious, impor-
Loyalty. Allegiance, fidelity, tant, momentous; sad, sorrow-
fealty, faithfulness, constancy. ful, melancholy, tragic, mourn-
ANT. Treason, treachery, un- ful, lugubrious.
faithfulness, disloyalty; sedi- Lugubrious. Mournful, woful,
[ 192 ]
ltd] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [lux

pitiable, doleful, sad, sorrow- ANT. Rise, spring, emerge,

ful, melancholy, complaining. appear, reveal.
ANT. Ludicrous, droll, ridicu- Luscious. Sweet, delicious, ful-
lous, comic, witty, jovial, ab- some, cloying, savory, delight-
surd, funny, laughable, comical. ful, pleasing, grateful; sugary,
Lull, v. Compose, calm, quiet, honeyed; rank, nauseous, unc-
soothe, hush, tranquilize, still. tuous.
ANT. Excite, aggravate, in- ANT. Sour, sharp, tart, bit-
cite,stimulate, exasperate, pro- ter, pungent, acid.
voke, inflame. Luster. Brilliancy, brightness,
Luminous. Shining, brilliant, splendor, glitter; renown, dis-
bright; illuminated; enlight- tinction, glory; gleam, radi-
ened, intelligent, clear, intel- ance, resplendence; eminence,
ligible. repute, celebrity, honor.
ANT. Dark, black, gloomy; ANT. Darkness, tenebrosity,
unintelligible, unintelligent, in- blackness, gloom, obscuration;
volved, mixed, confused. detraction, derogation, infamy,
Lunacy. Derangement, mania, disrepute, dishonor, notoriety.
craziness, insanity, madness, Lustration. Washing, purifica-
aberration. tion, cleansing; lustrum.
ANT. Sanity, intellect, rea- ANT. Defilement, contami-
son, rationality, lucidity, in- nation, infection, desecration;
telligence, brains; mind; self- soiling, pollution.
control. Lustrous. Bright, shiny, gleam-
Lunatic, n. Insane person, ma- ing, luminous, brilliant, radi-
niac, madman. ant.
ANT. Philosopher, sage, lu- ANT. Dark, black, gloomy.
minary, savant, scholar, scien- Lusty. Stout, strong, vigorous,
tist, intellectual person. robust, healthful, able, lively,
Lunatic, a. Insane, mad, crazy, sturdy; bulky, large, fat.
cracked, deranged. ANT. Weak, infirm, feeble,
ANT. Sane, rational, intelli- incapable, ailing, effete, list-
gent, reasonable, reasoning, in- less, invalid, powerless, conva-
tellectual, knowing, sound. lescent.
Lure, n. Enticement, decoy; al- Luxuriant. Exuberant, exces-
lurement, bait, temptation, at- sive, rank, abundant, profuse,
traction. plentiful, plenteous.
Lure, v. Allure, entice, decoy, ANT. Delicate, frail, scanty,
tempt, attract, inveigle, se- scarce, feeble.
duce. Luxuriate. Grow exuberantly,
ANT. Warn,
guide, alarm, feed luxuriously; flourish, in-
premonish, ward, instruct, con- dulge; revel, wanton; delight,
duct, guard; extricate, save. indulge to excess.
Lurid. Yellow, pale, wan, dis- ANT. Toil, slave, drudge, la-
mal, ghastly, gloomy, murky, bor, work; pine, waste, droop,
lowering. decay, languish.
ANT. Bright, luminous, ra- Luxurious. Voluptuous, epicu-
diant, clear. rean, sensual, intemperate, ef-
Lurk. Lie hid, lie in wait, hide, feminate, self-indulgent.
skulk. ANT. Austere, ascetic, hard.
[ 103 ]
lux] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [mag-

painful, self-denying, self-con- ANT. Stoicism, asceticismt

trolled, temperate, restrained, self-denial, austerity, hardship;
restricted. spirituality.
Luxury. Voluptuousness, epi- Lying, a. False, mendacious, un-
curism, effeminacy, sensuality; truthful, untrue ; recumbent.
dainty, delicacy, gratification; ANT. Truthful, true, vera-
pleasure, enjoyment, delight; cious, upright, honest, accurate,
treat, animalism. exact; erect.

M
Macerate. Weaken, soften; at- ANT. Sane, sound, sensible^
tenuate, make lean, waste, wear quiet, composed, sober, unex~
away harass, mortify, torture ;
; cited.
steep, soak, digest. Madden. Make mad, enrage ;
ir-
ANT. Fatten, replenish, re- ritate, provoke, inflame, infuri-
pair, pamper, swell. ate.
Machinate. Plan, contrive, de- ANT. Calm, pacify, assuage,
vise, plot, scheme, harm. mesmerize; heal, soothe, re-
ANT. Think aloud, speak store.
out, lie
artless; counterplot, Madness. Insanity, craziness,
compete; expose, defeat, baffle. derangement, aberra-
mania,
Machination. Plot, conspiracy, tion; frenzy, fury, rage, delir-
intrigue, cabal, stratagem, de- ium.
sign, trick, artifice, contrivance, ANT. Sanity, calmness, ra-
scheme. tionality, soberness, reason.
ANT. Detection, counter-ac- Magazine. Warehouse, recep-
tion, overthrow, baffling, defeat, tacle, storehouse, depository, re-
exposure, defiance, challenge; pository; periodical.
conflict, competition. Magic. Sorcery, witchcraft, con-
Machine. Engine, instrument; juration, necromancy, enchant-
tool, puppet; organization, ma- ment, incantation; fascination,
chinery, system, supernatural witchery, charm.
agency. Magisterial. Stately, pompous,
Maculate, a. Blotched, defiled, august, lordly, dignified, lofty,
impure, spotted, blurred, cor- official, imperious, proud, dom-
rupt, unclean, mottled. ineering, haughty, despotic, ar-
ANT. Unspotted, spotless, rogant, dogmatical dictatorial,
;

speckless, pure, clean, immacu- consequential, imposing, au-

late. thoritative.
Mad. Crazy, insane; excited, in- ANT.
Submissive, docile, un-
flamed, furious, rabid, angry; dignified,unimposing, unas-
distracted, lunatic, delirious, suming, modest.
crazed, deranged, demented, ma- Magistrate. Judge; civil or po-
niac; enraged, raging; exasper- lice officer, chief official.
ated, provoked, incensed, wrath- ANT. Citizen, prisoner, civil-
ful wild, infatuated; frenzied,
; ian, subject.
frantic, raving. Magnanimity. Generosity, dis-
[ 194 ]
mag] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [maj

interestedness, greatness, hero- ANT. Restore, strengthen,

ism, nobleness, forbearance. invigorate, mend.
ANT. Meanness, pettiness, Main, a. Bulk, majority, body,
paltriness, spitefulness, spleen. principal, trunk, chief, leading,
Magnanimous. Great, elevated, most important, first, cardinal,
generous, lofty, noble, coura- capital; necessary, vital, essen-
geous; brave, dauntless, heroic, tial, indispensable, requisite;
illustrious; unselfish, exalted, huge, enormous; absolute, en-
chivalrous, high-minded, honor- tire, mere, direct.
able. ANT. Subordinate, non-es-
ANT. Mean, small, ignoble, sential, auxiliary, minor, tribu-
base, cowardly, cring-
selfish, tary, inferior.
ing; mediocre; parsimonious, Main, n. Ocean, mainland, con-
carping. tinent; main conduit or pipe;
Magnificent. Glorious, grand, force, power, might, strength;
majestic, splendid, admirable, gross, majority.
superb, sublime; imposing, gor- ANT. Bay, gulf ; island; in-
geous, stately, showy; august, ability, weakness; tributaries;
dignified. minority.
ANT. Petty, mean, paltry, Mainly. Chiefly, principally;
little, flat, beggarly, ordinary, largely, greatly, mightily, ab-
small-minded, tawdry, unim- solutely, primarily, entirely.
posing, tame. ANT. Secondarily, subordi-
Magnify. Enlarge, augment, in- nately; partially, somewhat,
crease, amplify; laud, extol; slightly.
exaggerate; celebrate, glorify, Maintain. Uphold, assert, vin-
bless, praise. dicate, allege, support, sustain ;
ANT. Diminish, curtail, con- defend, continue; supply; pro-
tract, palliate, extenuate, de- vide; affirm.
cry. ANT. Retract, deny, with-
Magniloquent. Pompous, gran- draw; fail, turn traitor to.
diloquent, bombastic, declama- Maintenance. Sustenance, sup-
tory, stilted, high-flown, turgid, port, vindication, defense, jus-
inflated, boastful. tification, provisions, subsis-
ANT. Simple, vernacular, un- tence, livelihood.
affected, plain-spoken. Majestic. August, sublime, mag-
Magnitude. Extent, size; gran- nificent, regal, royal, pompous,
deur, greatness importance
; ; stately, dignified, elevated, im-
volume, dimension, mass; con- perial, princely, grand, impos-
sequence; sublimity, loftiness. ing.
A XT. Smallness, diminutive- ANT. Low, humble, mean,
ness, littleness, meagerness; in- sordid, groveling; plebeian, vul-
significance, meanness, unim- gar, common; unassuming.
portance. Majesty. Dignity, power, au-
Maid. Maiden, girl, damsel, vir- thority, loftiness, stateliness,
gin, lass. augustness, grandeur, eleva-
ANT. Matron, married tion.
woman. ANT. Meanness, paltriness;
Maim. Disable, cripple, mangle, humility.
mar, mutilate, disfigure, lame. Majority. Superiority, senior-

[ 195 ]
mak] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [man

ity; eldership, priority; bulk, Malediction. Curse, cursing,

preponderance. execration, imprecation, denun-
ANT. Minority, inferiority, ciation, anathema.
juniority. ANT. Benediction, blessing,
Stake. Produce, falsify; find; praise, compliment.
acquire; travel over; cause; es- Malefactor. Evil-doer, culprit,
teem, suppose, represent; com- felon, criminal, convict, out-
pel, force; be; amount to; at- law.
tain, reach, arrive at; manage, ANT. Benefactor, hero.
interfere; proceed, tend, move, Malice. ill will, malevo-
Spite,
go ; contribute, increase, accrue, lence, grudge, pique, bitterness,
constrain, bring about, occa- animosity, malignity, rancor,
eion, require; shape, fabricate, maliciousness, virulence.
construct, fashion, frame, man- ANT. Good will, benevolence,
ufacture, perform, do; become, kindliness.
compose, constitute, create, es- Manacle, n. Handcuff, shackle,
tablish, effect, execute, reach, fetter.
get, render. Manacle, . Handcuff, shackle,
ANT. Abolish, demolish, an- fetter, bind, chain.
nihilate, break,
disintegrate, ANT. Unbind, unfetter, un-
unmake, undo; destroy, defeat, chain.
mar, disestablish, miss, lose, Manage. Direct, govern, con-
fail of; upset; misrepresent, trol, wield, order, contrive,
mismanage; hesitate, stop; de- concert, conduct, transact; ad-
crease, diminish. minister, regulate, supervise,
Maker. Creator, former, manu- superintend, handle, rule.
facturer, builder, constructor ; ANT. Mismanage, misgov-
author, composer, writer, com- ern, misconduct, upset, misuse,
piler. derange; let go.
ANT. Destroyer, extermina- Manageable. Tractable, gov-
tor, annihilator. ernable, controllable, tamable,
Make up. Collect; constitute, docile.
form; reconcile, settle, adjust, ANT. Unmanageable, un-
compose; make good, compen- tamable, uncontrollable, un-
sate; supply, furnish, provide; governable, difficult, impracti-
determine. cable, impossible, refractory.
ANT. Distribute, disperse, Management. Conduct, admin-
scatter; pi; default. istration, government, guid-
Mai- or Male-. A
prefix denot- ance, direction, care, charge,
ing ill. For words thus com- contrivance, intrigue ; skill,
pounded and not found here, address ; economy, treatment,
see the synonyms and anto- superintendence, surveillance ;
nyms of the root word, from negotiations, dealings, trans-
which derivatives may be read- actions.
ily chosen. ANT. Misconduct, malad-
Malady. Disorder, distemper, ministration, mismanagement.
disease, sickness, ailment, ill- Manager. Director, superinten-
ness complaint, indisposition.
; dent, supervisor, comptroller,
ANT. Health, sanity, vigor, governor, overseer, conductor;
robustness, soundness. economist.

[ IPO 1
man] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [man
ANT. Workman, follower, discover, display, show, exhibit,
workingman, employee. evidence, expose.
Mandate. Command, commis- ANT. Hide, cover, conceal.
sion, order, charge, precept, in- Manifold. Various, duplicate,
junction, requirement, edict. multiplied; numerous, many,
ANT. Petition, request, en- multitudinous diverse, multi-
;

treaty, suggestion. farious; sundry.

Maneuver (Manoeuvre), . ANT. Few, rare, limited,
Management ; stratagem, arti- scarce, scant; uniform, fac-
fice, scheme, plan, trick, ruse, simile.
intrigue; evolution, movement; Mankind. Man; humanity, hu-
operation, tactics, contrivance. mankind; men; society.
ANT. Countermovement, de- ANT. Womankind; child-
feat, check, bafflement, counter- hood; divinity, deity, Heaven,
action, detection, neutraliza- God; earth, world, universe, na-
tion. ture, creation; cattle, animals,
Maneuver, v. Perform an evo- minerals, vegetables.
lution, move; scheme, plot, in- Manly. Bold, daring, valorous,
trigue, manage, contrive. courageous, undaunted, hardy,
ANT. Counteract, play up dignified; intrepid, heroic, vig-
to, check, checkmate. orous, firm, noble, chivalrous;
Mangle. Cut, bruise, mutilate, mature, masculine, manlike.
lacerate, maim, hack, tear; de- ANT. Womanly, childlike;
stroy, mar, spoil; polish, cal- timid, womanish, childish, un-
ender, smooth, press. manly, boyish, weak, dastardly,
ANT. Restore, heal. cowardly; effeminate.
Manhood. Virility, maturity; Manner. Mode, custom, habit,
humanity; courage, resolution, deportment, fashion, air, look,
bravery, hardihood, fortitude, mien, aspect, appearance; be-
manliness, manfulness. havior, conduct; method, form,
ANT. "Womanhood, feminin- style.
ity ; effeminacy; coioardliness, ANT. Being, action, proceed-
coicardice, delicacy. ing, life, work, performance,
Mania. Insanity, derangement, project, business.
madness, lunacy, aberration, Mannerism. Characteristic, pe-
alienation, delirium, frenzy. culiarity, uniformity, self-repe-
ANT. Sanity, health, sound- tition, self-consciousness, affec-
ness; poise, self-control. tation, idiosyncrasy, specialty.
Maniac. Lunatic, madman, in- ANT. Unaffectedness, sim-
sane, bedlamite. plicity, naturalness, character,
Manifest, a. Open, clear, evi- genuineness.
dent, apparent, visible, conspic- Mannerly. Civil, complaisant,
uous, plain, obvious; patent, respectful, courteous, polite,
palpable, unmistakable, dis- urbane, refined, well-behaved,
tinct, indubitable. ceremonious, well-bred.
ANT. Hidden, indistinct, in- ANT. Rude, coarse, unman-
conspicuous, occult, latent, ob- nerly, rough, impolite, uncivil,
scure, confused, hazy, foggy. boorish.
Manifest, v. Reveal, declare, Manufacture, n. Making, pro-
evince, make known, disclose, duction, fabrication ; product,
[ 197 ]
man] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
composition, construction, ma-
nipulation, molding.
ANT. Use, consumption, em-
ployment, wear,
Manumission. Release, eman-
cipation, liberation, deliver-
ance, enfranchisement, dismis-
sal, discharge.
ANT. Slavery, capture, sub-
jugation; restraint, repression,
coercion.
Manumit. Release, liberate, en-
franchise, free, emancipate.
ANT. Enslave, capture, sub-
jugate, enthral.
Many. Frequent, manifold, di-
verse, divers, sundry, numer-
ous, multiplied, various, abun-
dant, multifarious.
ANT. Few, rare, scarce, in-
frequent, scanty.
Mar. Injure, mark, spoil, ruin,
blemish, damage, disfigure, de-
face, hurt, harm, impair, maim,
deform.
ANT. Make, mend, restore,
improve, reinstate, enhance, re-
pair, conserve.
Marauder. Plunderer, robber,
ravager, pillager, outlaw, ban-
dit, brigand, freebooter, rover,
invader.
ANT. Guard, sentry, keeper,
steward, ranger, outpost.
Margin. Border, edge, brim, lip,
rim, brink, verge, confine, limit,
skirt, boundary, extremity;
loophole, profit, interest,
way.
ANT. Center, main, space;
limitation, stringency, restric-
tion.
Marine. Naval, nautical, mari-
'
time; oceanic, salt-water,
lagic.
ANT. Terrene, fresh-water,
terrestrial, land.
Marital. Connubial, nuptial, hy-
meneal, conjugal, wedded, mat-
rimonial.
[mar
ANT. Single, unwedded, celi-
bate.
Maritime. Marine, oceanic, nau-
tical.
ANT. Terrene, land.
Mark, n.Impress, stamp, ves-
tige, impression, imprint, track,
evidence, proof, characteristic,
badge, indication ; distinction,
eminence, importance.
ANT. Effacement, oblitera-
tion, erasure, plainness.
Mark, v. Remark, notice, regard,
heed, show, betoken, character-
ize, denote, stamp, imprint, im-
press, brand; label, designate,
observe, stigmatize, signalize,
specify, specialize; decorate.
ANT. Overlook, ignore, omit;
mislabel, misindicate, mis-
mark.
Marked. Noted, notable, promi-
nent, remarkable, eminent, dis-
tinguished, conspicuous.
ANT. Ordinary, mean, com*
monplace, everyday, undistin-
guished.
Marriage. Matrimony, wedlock,
wedding, espousal, nuptials,
conjugal union, spousal, union.
ANT. Divorce, celibacy, vir-
ginity, bachelorhood, widow-
hood, maidenhood.
Marrow. Medulla, pith, essence,
quintessence ; gist, substance,
cream, kernel.
ANT. Excrescence, surplus-
lee- age, redundancy, superfluity;
surface, exterior; amplifica-
tion; body, volume, mass.
Marsh. Fen, swamp, quagmire,
morass, bog, slough.
ANT. Solid ground.
pe- Marshal, v. Order, arrange, di-
rect, guide, lead, rank, array,
dispose, draw up; herald.
ANT. Disarray, misguide,
disarrange, disorder.
Martial. Warlike, military, sol-
dierly, brave.
t 198 ]
mar] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [mat

ANT. Peaceful, unmilitary, tion, bit, morsel, minority, seg-

umcarlike. ment.
Martyrdom. Martyr like state; Massacre, v. Murder, butcher,
torture, torment, persecution ; kill, slaughter, slay.
confession. ANT. Preserve, spare, rescue,
ANT. Denial, retraction; ab- restore.
juration, renegation. Massive. Compacted, weighty,
Marvel, n. Wonder, prodigy, heavy, massy, ponderous, bulky,
miracle ; surprise, astonish- huge, immense, vast, solid, co-
ment, amazement, admiration; lossal.
portent, phenomenon. ANT. Slight, slender, frail,
ANT. Commonplace, impos- airy; petty, small, light.
ture, cipher, farce, trifle. Master, n. Ruler, director, man-
Marvelous. Wonderful, aston- ager, leader, employer, owner,
ishing, surprising, strange, im- governor, superintendent, com-
probable, incredible ; miracu- mander, captain; teacher, in-
lous, stupendous, extraordi- structor, tutor; adept; posses-
nary, wondrous, supernat- sor, proprietor ; professor, head,
ural, portentous, prodi- chief.
gious. ANT. Servant, slave, pupil,
ANT. Commonplace, every- employee, subject, learner, stu-
day, regular, normal, custom- dent.
ary, natural, anticipated, cur- Master, v. Conquer, subdue,
rent, calculated, expected. vanquish, overcome ; acquire,
Masculine. Male, manly, vir- learn.
ile, manlike; strong, robust, ANT. Tield, fail, surrender,
powerful, bold, hardy, cou- succumb.
rageous. Masterly. Imperious, domineer-
ANT. Feminine, womanly, ing, arbitrary, despotic; skil-
womanlike, female; effeminate, ful, clever, expert, dexterous,
womanish. adroit; finished, excellent, ar-
Mask, n. Cover, disguise, pre- tistic, consummate.
text, subterfuge, screen; revel, ANT. Humble, obedient, com-
frolic, evasion, pretense, ruse, pliant, rude, clumsy, bungling.
plea; redoubt; domino, blind, Mastery. Authority, dominion,
veil; hypocrisy. supremacy victory, triumph,
;

ANT. Truth, nakedness, can- preeminence, ascendency, su-

dor, verity, openness; exposure, periority; acquirement, attain-
detection, unmasking. ment, acquisition; skill, dex-
Mask, v. Disguise, cover, hide, terity, cleverness, ability.
protect, conceal, veil, shroud, ANT. Subservience, tutelage,
screen. submission, guidance, obedience,
ANT. Expose, unmask, dis- inexpertness, ignorance; defeat,
cover, detect. failure, surrender.
Mass. Quantity, sum, bulk, mag- Masticate. Grind, chew.
nitude, body, size, main part, ANT. Bolt, gobble, swallow.
majority; aggregate, whole, to- Match, n. Equal, mate; contest;
tality; heap, assemblage, com- union, marriage ; competition,
bination, concretion. trial; companion; pair.
ANT. Fragment, section, por- ANT. Superior, inferior; dis~

[ 199 ]
mat] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [me*

parity, mismatch, oddity, in- soul, spirit, intellect; animus,

equality. zeal, temper.
Match, v. Mate, rival, oppose, Mature. Ripe, perfect, ready,
equal; correspond; adapt, fit, perfected, completed, full-
suit; marry; harmonize; join, grown.
couple, combine. ANT. Raw, crude, blighted,
ANT. Fail, exceed, surpass, immature, undeveloped, unripe.
preponderate; separate, disso- Matutinal. Morning, dawning,
ciate. early, waking.
Matchless. Unequaled, peerless, ANT. Vesper, evening, late,
unparalleled, incomparable, in- waning, turilight.
imitable, consummate, exqui- Maudlin. Tearful, sentimental,
site, excellent, surpassing, un- weak, silly; drunken; intoxi-
rivaled. cated, inebriated, tipsy, mud-
ANT. Common, ordinary, me- dled.
diocre, everyday, commonplace, ANT. Dry, sober, sensible,
general. unsentimental, unromantic.
Mate, n. Companion, associate, Mawkish. Nauseous, disgusted,
compeer, match, equal; fellow, squeamish; insipid, flat, stale,
intimate ; assistant, subordi- sickly, disgusting, loathsome,
nate; peer. maudlin.
ANT. Stranger; superior, in- ANT. Sensible, savory, fine,
ferior; principal, chief, head. sound, palatable, pungent.
Material, n. Substance, solidity, Maxim. Principle, axiom, prov-
weight, stuff, matter. erb, aphorism, apothegm, ad-
ANT. Work, production, de- age, saying, saw, dictum, pre-
sign; spirit, purpose. cept, rule.
Material, o. Corporeal, physi- ANT. Sophism, quibble, 06-
cal; important, essential; mo- surdity, enigma, paradox.
mentous, vital, weighty; bodily. Maximum. Greatest ; climax,
ANT. Spiritual, sublimated, zenith, apex, acme, culmina-
incorporeal, evanescent, ethe- tion, completion, utmost, ulti-
real. mate.
Matrimony. Marriage, wed- ANT. Minimum, least; mor-
lock. sel,fragment: initiative, com-
ANT. Celibacy, virginity. mencement; decrease, icane;
Matron. Wife, widow, dame; incompletion, abortion.
housekeeper, head nurse; dow- Maybe, ad. Perhaps, possibly,
ager. haply, mayhap.
ANT. Girl, maid, maiden, Maze. Labyrinth, intricacy; be-
virgin, spinster, miss, lass. wilderment, uncertainty, per-
Matter. Substance, body, ma- plexity ; embarrassment.
terial, constituency ; concern, ANT. Clue, elimination, ex-
affair,business; trouble, diffi- plication: solution.
culty; amount, portion, space; Meager. Thin, lean, lank, poor,
sense, significance, moment; gaunt, starved, hungry, emaci-
import, importance; topic, sub- ated, barren, scanty.
ject, question; thing, event. ANT. Stout, brawny, fat,
ANT. Immateriality, incor- chubby; abundant, fertile, copi-
poreality, spirituality; mind, ous.

I 200
mea] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [med

Mean, n. Middle, medium, aver- Measureless. Unlimited, infinite*

age, intermediate point; (pi.) immeasurable, immense, bound-
resources, property, revenue; less, limitless, vast, unbounded.
media. ANT. Circumscribed, finite,
ANT. Extreme, excess, exor- limited, bounded, restricted.
bitance, enormity, extrava- Mechanic. Artificer, artisan,
gance; poverty, end, purpose, handicraftsman, hand, crafts-
object. man, operative, workman.
Mean, v. Purpose, intend, de- ANT. Artist, designer, plan-
sign; signify, import, indicate, ner, architect, constructor.
denote, express. Mechanical. Approximate, em-
ANT. Do, perform, execute; pirical; machine-made; auto-
say, state, enunciate, declare. matic, involuntary, blind; ha-
Mean, a. Ignoble, abject, beg- bitual, unrefiective, spontane-
garly, wretclied, degraded, de- ous, effortless, unimpassioned.
generate, vulgar, vile, servile, ANT. Labored, feeling, self-
menial, groveling, slavish, dis- conscious, forced, spirited, ap-
honorable, disgraceful, shame- preciative, lifelike, lively, ani-
ful, despicable, contemptible, mated, impassioned.
paltry, sordid. Meddle. Interfere, handle, dis-
ANT. Noble, kingly, heroic, turb; intrude, interpose, inter-
princely, exalted, generous, em- vene, intercede; mediate, arbi-
inent, honorable, spirited, lib- trate.
eral, masterly, worthy, bounti- ANT. Withdraw, retire, re-
ful, munificent. move, recede, retreat.
Meaning. Purpose, aim, inten- Meddlesome. Meddling, intru-
tion, import, design, object; sive, officious; pragmatical, in-
sense, explanation, significance, terfering; impertinent, obtru-
interpretation, force, purport, sive.
acceptation. ANT. Unobtrusive, modest f
ANT. Statement;
proceed- unofficious, shy, retiring, unas-
ing; affidavit, declaration. suming, reserved.
Meanness. Stinginess, illiber- Mediate, v. Intervene, reconcile,
ality, sordidness, vileness, pe- interpose, intercede, arbitrate.
nuriousness, niggardliness, ab- ANT. Retire, imthdraw, let
jectness, baseness; destitution. be, leave, abandon.
poverty, lowness, scantiness, Mediation. Interposition, inter-
smallness, rudeness, selfish- cession, intervention, arbitra-
ness. tion, interference, adjustment,
ANT. Nobleness, generosity, reconciliation.
unselfishness, liberality, large- ANT. Indifference, neutral-
heartedness. ity; non-interference.
Measure, n. Dimension, capac- Mediator. Reconciler, interces-
ity, quantity, amount moder- : sor, interceder, advocate, um-
ation, restraint; extent, limit. pire, propitiator.
.
proportion, degree; rule, gage, Medicament. Remedy, specific,
standard meter.
; medicine, cure, relief, help, re-
ANT. Bulk, mass; segment, storative.
section, portion; immensity, in- ANT. Irritant, infection, ag-
finity. gravation, hurt, disease.
I 201 ]
med] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [mel

Medicate. Drug, treat, heal, premium, prize, award, remun-

cure. eration; gift, present.
ANT. Harm, infect; catch, ANT. Penalty, punishment,
contract. brand, stigma, amercement.
Medicine, n. Drug, physic, rem- Meek. Submissive, yielding, un-
edy, medicament antidote, cor-
; assuming, gentle; mild, pa-
rective, salve, cure; therapeu- tient, humble; lowly, modest.
tics. ANT. Bold, arrogant, proud,
ANT. Poison, virus, bane; self-assertive, irritable, pre-
aggravation. sumptuous, high-spirited.
Mediocre. Moderate, indiffer- Meet, u. Join confront, encoun-
;

ent, ordinary, mean, medium, ter; be present; perceive, expe-

average, middling, common-
place.
ANT. Superior, inferior, ex-
traordinary, distinguished, dis-
tinctive.
Mediocrity. Inferiority, aver-
age, moderate or middle state,
medium; moderation; common-
place,mean; sufficiency.
ANT. Excellence, superior-
ity, distinction, brilliance, rar-
ity.
Meditate. Consider, ponder,
volve, study, weigh, plan, con-
trive, devise, scheme, purpose,
intend; contemplate, muse, re-
flect, think, cogitate.
ANT. Execute, enact, com-
plete, consummate.
Medium, Middle, mean ; mod-
n.
eration, average ; proportion
mediator, intermediary; means,
agency, instrumentality.
Medium, a. Middle, mean, mid-
dling, intermediate, medial, me-
diocre, central.
ANT. Outer, extreme,
tant, remote.
Medley. Mixture, jumble, mis-
cellany, potpourri, hodge-
podge; tumult, confusion, lit-
ter, diversity, complexity.
ANT. Order, harmony, sim-
plicity; arrangement, classifi-
cation, assortment, disposition,
grouping. Mellifluous.
Meed. Merit, reward, recom-
pense; worth, desert; guerdon,
[ 202
rience, suffer; equal, satisfy;
assemble, congregate; harmon-
ize, agree, unite; fulfil, com-
ply, gratify, answer.
ANT. Miss, escape, elude;
be absent ; avoid, separate, vary,
diverge, decline, part, disagree;
disappoint, fall short, fail.
Meet, a. Suitable, fit, proper,
appropriate, qualified, conve-
nient.
ANT. Inappropriate, unfit,
re- inconvenient, unsuited, im-
proper.
Meeting. Conference, assembly,
company, convention, congrega-
tion, junction, union, conflu-
ence; interview, encounter; as-
semblage, concourse, gathering.
Melancholy, .
Melancholia;
; depression, dejection, brooding,
gloominess.
ANT. Happiness, gladness,
sanity, merriment, mirth, cheer,
hopefulness.
Melancholy, a. Sad, dispirited,
dis- low-spirited, down-hearted, un-
happy, hypochondriac, heavy,
doleful, afflictive; dejected, de-
pressed, disconsolate, gloomy,
sorrowful, moody, desponding;
grave, somber, dark.
ANT. Happy, cheerful, glad-
some, sprightly, lively, merry,
mirthful, blithesome, gleeful.
Smooth, honeyed,
sweet, mellow, euphonious, sil-
very, dulcet.
mel] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [mer

ANT. Raucous, "hoarse, dis- lection, reminiscence; fame, re-

cordant, harsh, rough, broken,
abrupt.
Mellow. Ripe, soft, tender ; sub-
dued, delicate; genial, jovial.
ANT. Unripe, hard, green,
acid, sour; harsh, glaring; dis-
cordant.
Melodious. Musical, agreeable,
harmonious, dulcet, sweet, tune-
ful, rhythmical, concordant,
mellifluous.
ANT. Discordant, harsh, dis-
sonant, raucous, jarring, inhar-
monious.
Melody. Harmony, rhythm, air,
tune, music, song, sweetness of
sound, descant, theme, unison,
symphony.
ANT. Discord, jarring, disso-
nance, harshness, discordance.
Melt. Liquefy, fuse, thaw, mol-
lify, soften; be dissipated, run,
blend, flow, dissolve.
ANT. Harden, combine, con-
solidate, unite, crystallize.
Member. Organ, limb ; constitu-
ent, part; clause, phrase; essen-
tial; portion, component.
ANT. Whole, body, entirety,
aggregate, sum, totality, com-
munity, society, association, or-
ganization, constitution.
Memoir. Memorial, biography,
record, narrative, chronicle, reg-
ister.
Memorable. Important, illus-
trious, remarkable, extraordi-
nary, signal, distinguished, fa-
mous, celebrated, great, conspic-
uous, prominent.
ANT. Ordinary, trivial, com-
monplace, insignificant, medi-
ocre.
Memorial. Monument, record,
memorandum, memento, sou-
venir.
ANT. Silence, oblivion; non-
observance; erasure.
Memory. Remembrance, recol-
nown, reputation; monument;
retrospection, retrospect; per-
petuation, retention.
ANT. Oblivion, oversight, un-
mindfulness, obliviousness, /or-
getfulnesa.
Menace, n. Threat, evil inten-
tion, denunciation, threatening.
ANT. Good will, benediction,
blessing, kindness; protection.
Mend. Help, amend, emend, cor-
rect, rectify; repair, improve,
reform, better, restore, amelio-
rate.
ANT. Impair, damage, spoil,
corrupt; harm, deteriorate, per-
vert.
Mendacity. Lying, deceit, false-
hood, untruth, duplicity, lie,
untruthfulness, deception; pre-
varication.
ANT. Truth, honesty, recti-
tude, uprightness, veracity, ac-
curacy, exactness.
Menial. Servile, mean; domes-
tic; dependent, attendant.
ANT. Noble, independent, au-
tocratic, supreme, superior.
Mental. Intellectual, spiritual,
metaphysical, subjective, psy-
chological, psychical, intelli-
gent.
ANT. Physical, corporeal, ob-
jective, bodily.
Mention, n. Reference, allusion,
notice, remembrance, hint, com-
munication, observation, decla-
ration.
ANT. Omission, silence, sup-
pression, forgetfulness, neglect.
Mention, v. Speak of, notice, an-
nounce, observe, remark, hint,
declare, tell, state, report, dis-
close, allude to, name, refer
to.
ANT. Suppress, omit, be si-
lent about, forget, silence, drop,
neglect, disregard, slight.
Mercantile. Commercial, traffic,

[ 203 ]
jner] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
business; wholesale, retail; in-
terchangeable, marketable.
ANT. Professional; unmer-
cantile, unmarketable, stagnant,
unprofitable.
Mercenary. Paid, hired, hire-
ling, venal; greedy, sordid,
avaricious, selfish.
ANT. Generous, unselfish,
lavish, prodigal, liberal, phil-
anthropic, benevolent.
Merchandise. Wares, commod-
ities, goods; trade, traffic,
merce; stock.
Merchant. Trader, shopkeeper,
dealer, tradesman, trafficker ;
importer.
ANT. Shopman, salesman,
retailer, pedler, huckster.
Merciful. Compassionate, ten-
der, humane, gracious, kind,
mild, clement, benignant, leni-
ent, pitiful, forgiving; tender-
hearted.
ANT. Remorseless, pitiless,
inexorable, unrelenting, severe,
cruel, hard, illiberal.
Mercy. Compassion, grace, fa-
vor, helpfulness, clemency, for-
bearance, tenderness, forgive-
ness, gentleness, pardon, bless-
ing, pity, kindness, mildness,
lenity, benevolence, benignity,
lenience, leniency.
ANT. Harshness, rigor, se-
verity, sternness, penalty, jus-
tice, vengeance, revenge, pun-
ishment, hardness, cruelty, im-
placability, ruthlessness, inhu-
manity, brutality, exaction.
Mere. Unmixed, pure, absolute,
unqualified, simple, bare, un-
affected; unadulterated.
ANT. Compound, mixed, im-
pure, blended, combined, adul-
terated.
Meridian, n. Midday, noon, ze-
nith, height, culmination, sum-
mit, apex, pinnacle, acme.
ANT. Midnight, antipodes,
[mie
depth, profundity, base, depres-
sion, nadir.
Merit, n. Desert, worth, excel-
lence, reward, approbation;
worthiness, credit, goodness.
ANT. Worthlessness, error,
v.nworthiness, demerit, weak-
ness, imperfection, fault.
Merry. Gay, jovial, sportive;
cheerful, happy; blithe, lively,
sprightly, vivacious, mirthful,
gleeful, joyous, jocund, hilari-
com- ous.
ANT. Gloomy, sad, discon-
moody, dejected.
solate, dismal,
Message. Notice, word, com-
munication, missive, letter, in-
timation.
ANT. Interception, silence,
non-communication, neglect.
Messenger. Carrier, harbinger,
intelligencer, courier, forerun-
ner, herald, precursor.
Metaphysical. Mental, intel-
lectual, psychological, abstract,
general, ideal, psychical, sub
jective, rational, abstruse, con-
ceptual.
ANT. Physical, substantial,
physiological, material, practi-
cal, objective, palpable, exter-
nal.
Method. Order, system, rule,
way, manner, mode, course, ar-
rangement, process, means, reg-
ularity.
ANT.Disorder, experimen-
tation,guesswork, conjecture,
attempt, empiricism.
Midst. Middle, center, heart;
thick; press; burden.
ANT. Circumference, rim,
surface, border, outside, per-
imeter.
Mien. Aspect, manner, bearing,
look, carriage, deportment, ap-
pearance.
ANT. Character, disposition,
nature, constitution, personal-
ity.
[ 204 ]
mig] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [:nis

Might. Force, energy, power, ANT. Major, greater, older,,

means, resources; strength, ca- senior, elder, main, important.
pacity, ability. Minute. Small, tiny, slender,
ANT. Weakness, feebleness, diminutive, slight, little; pre-
infirmity, impotence; inability, cise, particular, detailed, criti-
inefficiency, incapability; leant, cal, circumstantial, exact, fine,
lack. comminuted, specific; inconsid-
Mild. Gentle, pleasant, clement, erable; microscopic.
kind, soft, bland; moderate, ANT. Monstrous, great, enor-
placid, tender, genial, meek. mous, grand, huge; general, ab"
ANT. Harsh, fierce, savage, stract, broad, comprehensive;
rough, wild, violent, merciless, inexact, superficial.
severe. Miraculous. Supernatural, su-
Mind. Understanding, intellect, per-physical; wonderful, awe-
soul; opinion, judgment, belief; some.
choice, inclination, liking, in- ANT. Natural, ordinary, sci-
tent, will; courage, spirit; re- entific.
membrance, memory, recollec- Mis-. A
prefix used in the sense
tion; reason, brain, sense, con- of amiss, wrong, ill. Words to
sciousness, disposition, intelli- which this prefix but adds this
gence, thought, instinct. meaning are omitted here, and
ANT. Body, matter, brute their synonyms and antonyms
force, braum, limbs, material may usually be readily found
substance, members; feelings, by reference to the root words.
emotions, heart, affections, sen- Misanthropy. Cynicism, hatred,
sibilities; conduct; forgetful- egoism.
ness, obliviousness. ANT. Philanthropy, benevo-
Mindful. Regardful, attentive, lence, altruism, humanitarian-
heedful, observant, thoughtful, ism.
careful. Miscellany. Mass, mixture, col-
ANT. Inattentive, regardless, lection, medley, jumble, variety,
careless, forgetful, oblivious, hodge-podge, diversity.
absent-minded. ANT. Selection, si/stem, ar-
Mingle. Combine, join, confuse, rangement, order, group, assort-
compound, mix; unite, associ- ment, classification.
ate; intermarry; blend, amal- Mischief. Damage, harm, hurt,
gamate. injury, detriment, evil, ill ; mia-
ANT. Separate, sever, segre- hap, trouble.
gate, dissolve, sift, sort, classi- ANT. Benefit, good, blessing,
fy, analyze. profit, gratification, compensa-
Minister, n. Delegate, official, tion, favor.
ambassador; clergyman, priest, Miser. Niggard, skinflint, cur-
parson, ecclesiastic, preacher, mudgeon, churl.
divine, vicar, curate; envoy. ANT. Spendthrift, profli-
ANT. Monarch, master, supe- gate.
rior, principal; layman; gov- Miserable. Abject, forlorn, pit-
ernment. iable, wretched, mean; worth-
Minor, o. Inferior, less impor- less, despicable, contemptible \
tant, smaller, less, junior, un- unfortunate, unlucky.
important, younger. ANT. Comfortable, happy,
[ 205 ]
mis] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [mon

respectable, contented, cheer- dard, type, representation, pat*

ful, easy. tern, prototype, facsimile, orig-
Misery. Unhappiness, wretch- archetype norm.
inal, ;

edness, woe; calamity, disas- ANT.Imitation; work, pro-

ter, misfortune.
ANT.Happiness, content-
ment, ease, comfort, pleasure,
enjoyment.
Misfortune. Adversity, failure,
ill luck,hardship, harm, ill,
affliction, calamity, blow, dis-
aster, disappointment, trial,
tribulation, sorrow, ruin, dis-
tress, stroke, misery, reverse,
mischance, visitation, chasten-
ing, trouble, chastisement, mis-
adventure, bereavement, mis-
hap.
ANT. Consolation, blessing,
"boon, happiness, joy, prosper-
ity, relief, triumph, success,
comfort, good fortune, gratifi-
cation, good luck, pleasure.
Mission. Message, errand, com-
mission, deputation; embassy;
ministry, legation; trust, office.
ANT. Assumption, usurpa-
tion, self -appointment ; faith-
lessness, betrayal.
Mist. Fog, vapor; obscuration,
cloudiness, perplexity, bewil-
derment, haze.
ANT. Clarity, brightness;
perspicuity, revelation, clear-
ness, discernment, insight, un-
derstanding; lucidity.
Mob. Rabble, masses, dregs of
the people, the vulgar, popu-
lace, crowd, canaille, lower
classes. ,
ANT. Elite, aristocracy, no-
bility, nobles, patricians.
Mobile. Movable, excitable, in-
constant, changeable, fickle
variable, ductile, sensitive.
ANT. Immovable, firm, set,
steady, unvarying, unchange-
able, inexorable.
Model. Mold, copy, design, ex-
ample, image, imitation, stan-
duction, execution; accom-
plishment.
Moderate, a,. Sparing, temper-
ate, frugal, calm, mild; lim-
ited, restrained, reasonable ;
dispassionate, controlled ; ab-
stinent, sober; austere, ascetic.
ANT. Immoderate, intemper-
ate, luxurious, excessive, ex-
travagant.
Modern. New, novel, modish,
fashionable, present, late, ex-
tant, recent.
ANT. Past, ancient, anti-
quated, old, antique, obsolete,
former.
Modesty. Humility, lowliness,
humbleness, meekness, shyness,
reserve, coldness, bashfulness,
backwardness, constraint, ti-
midity, unobtrusiveness, coy-
ness.
ANT. Frankness, freedom,
impudence, indiscretion, self-
conceit, sauciness, abandon, ar-
rogance, confidence, egoism, as-
sumption, assurance, boldness,
forioardness, haughtiness, lo-
quacity, pertness, pride, van-
ity, self -sufficiency, openness,
effrontery.
Moment. Instant, twinkling,
consequence, weight, consider-
ation, force, value, significa-
tion, avail ; second, trice.
ANT. Age, period, decade,
century, generation; insignifi-
cance, unimportance, trivial-
ity.
;
Monarch. Ruler, sovereign ;
king, prince, emperor, queen.
ANT. Subject, peer, plebes.
Money. Coin, cash, currency,
gold, funds, property, specie,
silver, bills, bullion, notes, cap-
ital.

[ 208 ]
mon] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Monopoly. Exclusivenesa, pos-
session, privilege, appropria-
tion, engrossment, preemption.
ANT. Community, partner-
ship, competition, free trade;
participation, sharing; com-
munism ; socialism.
Monotonous. Unvarying, uni-
form, wearisome, dull, tedious,
same, unison, humdrum, undi-
versified; similar, like.
ANT. Varied, changed, di-
versified; harmonic; lively; di-
vergent, variant.
Monster. Prodigy, enormity,
marvel, portent ; monstrosity,
wonder; demon, fiend, dragon,
sphinx, colossus, leviathan ;
ogre.
ANT. Pigmy, dwarf, elf; an-
gel, beauty, cherub.
Monstrous. Abnormal, extraor-
dinary, prodigious, portentous,
marvelous, unnatural ; vast,
immense, colossal, stupendous;
shocking, horrible, hateful, ter-
rible, hideous.
ANT. Beautiful, small, rea-
sonable, little, shapely, regular,
fair, pretty, comely; ordinary,
familiar, natural; charming,
lovely.
Moral, a. Dutiful, right, virtu-
ous, just, worthy, ethical ;
in-
tellectual, spiritual, religious,
pious, righteous, ideal.
ANT. Immoral, wrong, sin-
ful, unjust, unworthy, vicious,
gross; irreligious, impious, sen-
sual; physical, bodily, carnal.
Moreover. Besides, further, in
addition; also, likewise, in ad-
dition to.
ANT. Finally, lastly.
Morose. Gruff, gloomy, crusty,
crabbed, acrimonious, severe,
snappish, sullen, surly, churl-
ish, dogged, ill-humored, ill-
natured, sulky.
ANT. Bland, gentle, benig-
[ 207
nant, good-natured, kind, lov-
ing, pleasant, sympathetic, ge-
nial, amiable, friendly, tender,
indulgent, complaisant, mild.
Mortal. Deathlike; deadly, de-
structive, poisonous vulner- ;
able, vital; human, perishable,
ephemeral, transient, transi-
tory.
ANT. Immortal, undying,
everlasting, eternal, divine, ce-
lestial, life-fjiving, perennial.
Motherly. Maternal, mother-
like, parental; kind, loving, af-
fectionate.
ANT. Paternal, fatherlike,
fatherly; harsh, unloving, un-
kind, hateful.
Motion. Movement, change, ac-
tion, act, passage, move, proc-
ess, transit, transition.
ANT. Quiescence, quiet, rest,
repose, stillness, immobility.
Motive. Incentive, incitement,
inducement, reason, spur, stim-
ulus, cause; object, purpose;
argument, conviction; impulse,
prompting.
ANT. Deed, achievement, ex-
ecution, action, attempt, pro-
ject; deflector, preventive, dis-
suasion, deterrent.
Mourn. Lament, grieve, regret,
rue, bewail, sorrow.
ANT.Exult, joy, rejoice, be
joyful, triumph,make merry.
Mournful. Lugubrious, heavy,
sad, sorrowful, grievous, ca-
lamitous.
ANT. Joyful, jubilant, glad-
some, cheerful, happy, pleas-
ant, joyous.
Move. Stir, agitate, trouble, af-
fect, persuade, actuate, impel,
prompt, instigate, incite, offer,
induce.
ANT. Stop, stay, arrest, pre-
vent, deter; calm, appease, de-
flect.
Movement. Motion ; compul-
]
Tame] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
sion, stimulation, incitement,
agitation, arousing, instiga-
tion.
ANT. Stoppage, stay, pause,
calm, quiet.
Much. Great; long; consider-
able; abundant; far; ample,
plenteous.
ANT. Little, small, scarce,
few, scanty, near; narrow.
Multiplication. Teeming, mul-
tiplicity, multitude, increase,
plurality, reproduction, aug-
mentation, swarming, multifa-
riousness, multitudinousness.
ANT. Diminution, division,
subtraction, reduction; extinc-
tion; rarity, scantiness; unity,
singularity.
Multitude. Throng, crowd, as-
sembly, assemblage, common-
alty, swarm, populace; host,
rabble, mob, concourse.
ANT. Individual, solitude;
aristocracy; oligarchy; scanti-
ness, paucity, scarcity.
Mundane. Worldly, terrestrial,
earthly; sublunary; secular,
temporal.
ANT. Unworldly, spiritual,
celestial, eternal, supramun-
dane, stellar, solar, lunar.
Munificent. Bounteous, boun-
tiful, liberal, generous; benefi-
cent, free, lavish, extravagant.
ANT. Small, niggardly, sav-
ing, sparing, mean, close.
Musical. Melodious, harmoni-
ous, tuneful, symphonious, mel-
lifluous, rhythmical.
[ 208
[myt
ANT. Discordant, inharmo-
nious, harsh, raucous, unmelo-
dious.
Mute. Silent, dumb, speechless;
voiceless; still, unpronounced ;
unresponsive; taciturn.
ANT. Talkative, chattering,
garrulous, vocal, speaking, lo-
quacious, loud, noisy.
Mutual. Common, correlative,
reciprocal, joint, interchange-
able.
ANT. Detached, distinct,
disunited, separate, severed,
sundered, unshared, unrecipro-
cated, unrequited, disconnected.
Mysterious. Abstruse, enigmat-
ical, dark, mystical, occult, ob-
scure, secret, transcendental,
unknown, unfathomable, mys-
tic, hidden, inexplicable, in-
scrutable, cabalistic, incom-
prehensible, recondite.
ANT. Clear, plain, appar-
ent, manifest, bright, light, ex-
plainable, simple, comprehen-
sible, obvious, easy, revealed,
understood.
Mystic. Unknowable, obscure,
mysterious allegorical, enig-
;
matical ; transcendental ; ca-
balistic, symbolical.
ANT. Familiar, simple, or-
dinary, commonplace, obvious,
plain.
Myth. Fable, tradition, legend;
parable, invention, fiction, alle-
gory; falsehood, lie.
ANT. Truth, fact, historyt
narrative, incident.
]
nab] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [nau

N
Nabob. Millionaire, Croesus, fensive, damp, disgusting, dis-
viceroy, governor, Dives. agreeable, wet; indecent, ob-
ANT. Beggar, suppliant. scene.
Naked. Nude, bare; defense- ANT. Pleasant, sweet, agree-
less, unprotected, destitute ; able, savory, nice, pure.
manifest, undisguised; simple, Nation. People, race, stock;
mere, plain; unclothed, un- realm, community, state, com-
draped, denuded ; uncolored, un- monwealth.
varnished. Native. Innate, natal, natural,
ANT. Robed, draped, veiled, original, indigenous.
dressed, shrouded, muffled; pro- ANT. Alien, artificial, for-
tected, sheltered; colored, var- eign, unnatural, acquired, as-
nished, qualified. sumed.
Name, Appellation, denomi-
n. Natural. Native; essential, nor-
nation, cognomen, designation, mal, regular, intrinsic, cosmi-
surname, title, style, epithet. cal, spontaneous, original, art-
Name, v.Call, indicate, desig- less, ingenuous; kind, affec-
nate, specify, mention, denomi- tionate; genuine, unaffected.
nate, style, nominate. ANT. Abnormal, monstrous,
ANT. Miscall, misname, mis- unnatural, improbable, adven-
indicate; be nameless or anony- titious, fictitious, coarse; art-
mous; hint, suggest, shadow, ful, affected.
intimate, imply. Nature. Creation, universe; es-
Narrate. Relate, tell, recount, sence, constitution; kind, sort,
describe, detail, rehearse, re- character, quality; temper, dis-
port, recite. position, mood; mind, intelli-
ANT. Misrepresent, mistake; gence; vitality.
suppress, conceal. ANT. Thing, subject, object,
Narrative. Narration, recital, man, being, creature, monstros-
account, rehearsal, relation, ity,unnaturalness ; art, fiction,
description, story, tale, his- romance, invention.
tory. Naught. Nothing, cipher, zero.
Narrow. Not wide, straitened, ANT. Anything, everything,
limited, without margin; big- aught.
oted, illiberal parsimonious,
; Naughty. Mischievous, per-
niggardly, selfish close, scruti-
; verse, f reward; bad, corrupt,
nizing, exact; slender, spare, worthless, good-for-nothing; re-
thin, contracted, cramped. fractory, wicked.
ANT. Wide, broad, ample, ANT. Good, worthy, well-
expanded, thick ; generous, be- behaved, tractable, pure, docile,
nevolent; unlimited; liberal. innocent.
Nascent. Embryo, rudimental, Nausea. Seasickness, loathing,
budding, incipient. disgust, qualm ; repugnance,
ANT. O-rown, developed, ma- aversion.
ture ; aged; confirmed, set. ANT. Enjoyment, taste, de-
Nasty. Filthy, foul, dirty, of- light, relish.
209 ]
nau] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Nautical. Marine, maritime, na- Need.
val, oceanic.
Near, ad. Nigh, not remote, al-
most, nearly, well-nigh, inti-
mately, closely.
Near, a. Nigh, close, adjacent,
adjoining, approximate; immi-
nent, impending, forthcoming,
approaching; familiar, dear, in-
timate; immediate; literal, ac-
curate; narrow, parsimonious;
short ; proximate, contiguous,
present, ready.
ANT. Distant, remote, far;
reserved, uncordial, cool, stiff;
indistinct, obscure, future.
Nearly. Almost, well-nigh, inti-
mately, closely, approximately.
ANT. Quite, entirely, dis-
tantly, remotely.
Neat. Trim, tidy, prim, precise,
spruce, clean, cleanly, orderly,
natty, dapper, nice.
ANT. Negligent, slack, slov-
enly, slouchy, dirty, soiled, dis-
orderly, dowdy, untidy, rough,
unkempt, rude, uncared for.
Necessary. Essential, inevitable,
needful, infallible, undeniable,
indispensable, required, requi-
site, unavoidable.
ANT. Optional, useless, con-
tingent, worthless, casual, non-
essential, needless.
Necessitate. Force, compel, co-
erce, make necessary, oblige,
constrain, make, drive, impel.
ANT. Persuade, convince, in-
duce, tempt, coax, allure; liber-
ate, release.
Necessity. Need, requirement,
want, compulsion, fate, fatal-
ity, requisite, destiny, essential,
emergency, extremity, exigency,
indispensableness, urgency, un-
avoidableness, sine qua non.
ANT. Choice, contingency,
doubt, option, freedom, uncer-
tainty, fortuity, doubtfulness,
dubiousness, possibility.
[ 210
[neg
Exigency, emergency, ex-
tremity, strait, distress, indi-
gence, penury.
ANT. Competence, affluence,
choice, wealth, luxury, pro-
fuseness; superfluity, useless-
ness, dispensableness ; casualty,
accident; contingency, free-
dom.
Needful. Requisite, needy, ne-
cessitous, distressful, essential,
indispensable.
ANT. Contingent, casual, un-
necessary, unessential, discre-
tional, optional, needless.
Needless. Unnecessary, useless,
superfluous, groundless, gratui-
tous.
ANT. Needful, useful, help-
ful, obligatory.
Nefarious. Wicked, abominable,
iniquitous, execrable, atrocious,
impious.
ANT. Noble, honorable, ad-
mirable, laudable; benevolentt
generous, humane.
Negation. Denial, disavowal,
disclaimer, contradiction.
ANT. Assertion, declarationt
deposition, avowal, affirma-
tion, allegation, protestation,
claim.
Negative, a. Denying, indirect,
unaffirmative, privative, dis-
claiming.
ANT. Positive, direct, asser-
tive, attributive, affirmative, de-
clarative.
Neglect, n. Negligence, failure,
omission, disregard, oversight,
indifference, remissness, slight,
thoughtlessness, slackness, de-
fault, carelessness, disrespect,
heedlessnesa, inadvertence, in-
attention, scorn.
ANT. Care, attention, notice,
regard, esteem, consideration,
respect.
Negotiate. Transfer, sell, pass,
arrange, treat, bargain, trade,
]
nei] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [nob

communicate, transact, effect, ANT. Ignorance, silence, non-

perform. publication, suppression; mis-
ANT. Stop, quash, misman- intelligence, misreport.
age, misconduct. Nice. Exquisite, accurate, cor-
Neighborly. Kind, civil, social, rect, precise, particular, punc-
friendly, near, adjoining, adja- tilious, squeamish, tinical, ef-
cent, neighboring, friendly, at- feminate, silly, exact, critical,
tentive. definite, strict, fastidious, cau-
ANT. Individual, solitary, tious, scrupulous discerning,
;

personal, distant, remote, un- discriminating; fine, minute,

kind, uncivil, unfriendly. refined, delicate, dainty, pleas-
Nerve. Steadiness, firmness, for- ant, agreeable.
titude, self-command, resolu- ANT. Coarse, rude, rough,
tion, strength, courage, pluck, inaccurate, blind, undiscrimi-
endurance, coolness, presence nating, unscrupulous, incau-
of mind. tious, undiscerning, careless,
ANT. Weakness, cowardice, negligent, disagreeable, nau-
timidity, feebleness, nerveless- seous.
ness. Nicety. Fastidiousness, accur-
Nervous. Excitable, agitated, acy, scrupulousness, delicacy,
annoyed, irritable, weak, fear- precision, daintiness, subtlety,
ful strong, vigorous, spirited,
; distinction, exactness.
nervy, forceful. ANT. Coarseness, roughness,
ANT. Self-possessed, self- inaccuracy, rudeness.
controlled, poised, calm, com- Niggardly. Avaricious, covet-
posed; dull, inert, phlegmatic, ous, parsimonious, miserly,
sluggish. sordid, sparing, penurious,
Neutral. Neuter, undecided, in- stingy.
different, unpronounced, unin- ANT. Generous, bountiful,
terfering, negative, impartial, copious, ample, profuse, abun-
unavowed, unaffiliated. dant, bounteous, plentiful, mu-
ANT. Interested, interfering, nificent.
positive, partial, active, allied, Nimble. Alert, brisk, bustling,
avowed, declared. lively, prompt, quick, speedy,
Neutralize. Render neutral, in- swift, spry, agile, sprightly, ac-
validate, counteract, counter- tive.
balance, countervail, render in- ANT. Clumsy, dilatory, dull,
operative. heavy, inert, inactive, slow, un-
ANT. Enhance, intensify, ag- ready, sluggish.
gravate. Nobility. Greatness, dignity, su-
New. Fresh, modern, novel, late, periority, nobleness, eminence,
recent, juvenile, upstart, young, elevation, worthiness; family,
new-fangled, youthful, new- rank, title, birth; aristocracy,
fashioned. peerage, patrician class.
ANT. Old, antique, ancient, ANT. Obscurity, meanness,
old-fashioned, aged, elderly. serfdom, paltriness, plebeian-
News. Information, tidings, in- ism .

telligence, advice, word, report, Noble. Honorable, worthy, dig-

account, announcement, ru- nified, elevated, superior, sub-
mor. lime, great, eminent, stately.

[ 211 ]
nob] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [not

generous, liberal, free, aristo- surdity, trash, inanity, plati-

cratic, patrician, illustrious, tude, pretense.
grand, lordly, renowned, mag- ANT. Sense, msdom, fact,
nificent, knightly. truth, gravity, reason, science.
ANT. Ignoble, plebeian, pal- Normal. Regular, ordinary^ nat-
try, vulgar, base-born, low-born, ural, standard, usual, typical,
rustic, peasant, contemptible, recognized, common.
unworthy, mean. ANT. Exceptional, abnormal,
Nobody. No
person, no one, not uncommon, singular, unusual,
anybody, cipher, nonentity. monstrous, irregular, peculiar,
ANT. Somebody, notability, rare, unprecedented, remark-
celebrity, colossus, star. able, unnatural.
Nocturnal. Nightly, dark, tene- Notable. Plain, evident, noted,
brose, gloomy. noticeable, distinguished, mem-
ANT. Dally, diurnal, solar, orable, extraordinary, conspicu-
brilliant, light. ous, manifest; notorious.
Noise. Cry, outcry, clamor, din, ANT. Ordinary, mean, com,'
clatter, uproar; rumor, report, monplace, everyday, undistin-
rattle, tumult. guished, unimpressive, insig-
ANT. Music, melody, har- nificant.
mony; silence,hush, stillness, Note. Memorandum, comment,
voicelessness. remark, record, scholium; ac-
Noiseless. Silent, quiet, inau- count, catalogue, bill heed, ob-
;

dible. servation; reputation, distinc-

ANT. Noisy, uproarious,
bulent, clamorous, boisterous,
brawling, tumultuous, loud.
Noisome. Noxious, insalubrious,
unwholesome, mischievous, de-
structive, nocuous, hurtful, pes-
tilential, harmful.
ANT. Wholesome, salutary,
salubrious, beneficial.
Noisy. Loud, clamorous, stun-
ning, boisterous, turbulent.
ANT. Noiseless, subdued, in-
audible, whispering; melodious,
tuneful.
Nominal. Literal, verbal, titu-
lar; formal, avowed, pretended,
ostensible, supposititious.
ANT. Veritable, essential, in-
trinsic, actual, substantial, im-
portant, real, serious, true.
Nominate. Name, specify, ap-
point, designate, entitle.
ANT. Suggest, icithdraw, re-
ject, indicate, cancel, deprive,
recall.
Nonsense. Folly, silliness, ab-
tur- tion, celebrity, fame, repute, re-
nown.
ANT. Misindicction, misrep-
resentation, misleader.
Notice, n. Observation, regard,
cognizance, information, advice,
news, intelligence, intimation,
announcement, premonition, in-
struction, warning, attention,
consideration.
ANT. Oversight, disregard,
neglect, slight, ignorance, con-
nivance, omission, hecdlessness,
m isinforma tion.
Notice, v. Mark, observe, note,
heed, regard, perceive, see, re-
mark, mention, comment on, at-
tend, mind.
ANT. Overlook, disregard,
misjudge, neglect.
Notification. Information, no-
tice, declaration, publication,
announcement, advertisement.
Notify. Intimate, declare, pub-
lish, announce, acquaint, warn,
apprise, communicate, inform.
[ 212 ]
not] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [nur

ANT. Withhold, conceal, sup- availing, trivial, worthless, use-

press, misinform, misreport. less, null.
Notion. Idea, conception, appre- ANT. Important, potent, mo-
hension, sentiment, judgment, mentous, efficacious, successful,
opinion, belief, impression, esti- grave, serious, satisfactory.
mation, conceit, conviction. Nuisance. Annoyance, plague,
ANT. Misconception, misap- pest, affliction, bane, trouble.
prehension, frustration, falsifi- ANT. Pleasure, delight, ben-
cation. efit,blessing, gratification.
Notorious. Distinguished, con- Nullify. Revoke, annul, cancel,
spicuous, remarkable, famous, abolish, render void, abrogate,
celebrated, noted, renowned. neutralize, repeal.
ANT. Suspected, reputed, re- ANT. Enact, confirm, per-
ported. petuate, establish, stabilitate.
Notwithstanding, conj. Still, Numb. Enfeebled, destitute, tor-
however, although, but, never- pid, benumbed, insensible, par-
theless, howbeit, yet, though. alyzed, deadened.
Notwithstanding, prep. De- ANT. Alive, alert, sensitive,
spite, in spite of. keen, lively,animated, atten-
Nourish. Feed, foster, cherish, tive.
nurse, tend, support, maintain, Number, n. Aggregation, multi-
train, educate, promote. tude, collection, numeral, nu-
ANT. Starve, blight, destroy, merous, quantity.
kUL ANT. Scarcity, feioness, pau-
Nourishment. Nutrition, nutri- city.
ment, food, aliment, provision, Number, v. Count, enumerate,
sustenance. calculate, tell, compute, reckon,
ANT. Poison, venom, bane, estimate.
starvation, exhaustion. ANT. Guess, hazard, conjec-
Novel, a. New,recent, modern, ture; lump, mass.
fresh, stransre, uncommon, rare, Numberless. Innumerable, in-
unusual, fantastic, odd, upstart, finite, countless.
new-fangl ANT. Few, scarce, rare, infre-
ANT. 1'eneroblc, ancient, old- quent.
fashion ed, time- /; onored. Numerous. Many, abundant, di-
Noxious. Noisome, injurious, verse, multifarious, manifold,
hurtful, pernicious, unwhole- sundry.
some, deadly, poisonous. ANT. Few, scarce, rare, in-
ANT. H'.'.'o/rsowe,
salutary, frequent.
beneficial, healthful, salubri- Nuptial. Wedding, marriage,
ous. hymeneal, espousal, connubial,
Nucleus. Kernel, core, center. bridal.
ANT. Exterior, face, appear- ANT. Bachelor, virgin.
ance. Nurse, v. Nourish, cherish, fos-
Nudity. Nakedness, exposure. ter, attend, manage, train, edu-
bareness. cate, teach, feed, nurture.
ANT. Clothing, dress, vest- ANT. Starve, kill, destroy;
ment, drapery. neglect.
Nugatory. Trifling, vain, insig- Nurture. Nourish, nurse, tend,
nificant, futile, ineffectual, un- cherish, educate, train, feed.

[ 213 ]
nut] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [obi

ANT. Neglect, deprive, dis- ANT. Starvation, detriment,

regard, slight. exhaustion, poison, decay, in-
Nutriment. Aliment, food, sus- anition.
tenance, nourishment, susten- Nutrition. Nutriment, feeding,
tation, subsistence, nutri- sustentation.
tion. ANT. Poison, venom.

Oath. Curse, imprecation, pro- Objective. Outward, external,

fanity, swearing, adjuration,
affidavit, anathema, ban, blas-
phemy, denunciation, execra-
tion, malediction, vow, repro-
bation, sworn statement.
ANT. Blessing, benediction,
benison.
Obdurate. Firm, unbending,
flexible,unyielding, obstinate,
stubborn, impenitent, callous,
unfeeling, insensible.
ANT. Yielding, teachable,
tender, docile, amenable, flex-
ible, toftened.
Obedience. Submission, duty,
compliance, respect, dutiful-
ness, subservience.
ANT. Resistance, rebellion,
r transgression, disobedience, an-
tagonism, insubordination.
Obedient. Dutiful, respectful,
compliant, submissive, humble,
yielding, obsequious, modest,
docile.
ANT. Disrespectful, unduti-
arrogant, hard, unyielding,
ful,
obstinate, obdurate, stubborn.
Obesity. Fatness, corpulence,
fleshiness, corpulency.
ANT. Leanness, thinness.
Obey. Submit, yield, comply.
ANT. Resist, refuse, disobey.
Object, n. Reality, fact, exis-
tence, phenomenon; aim, inten-
tion, end, purpose, appearance,
motive, design, sight, view, goal.
ANT. Subject, idea, fancy,
conception.
[ 214
extrinsic, concrete, universal,
actual, positive, real.
ANT. Subjective, intrinsic,
abstract, notional.
Oblation. Offering, gift, sacri-
fice, contribution, presentation.
ANT. Spoliation, sacrilege,
in- withholding, refusal.
Obligation. Responsibility, en-
gagement, contract, agreement,
bond, covenant, stipulation, ne-
cessity, debt, duty, compul-
sion.
ANT. Choice, freedom, as-
surance, promise, declaration,
intention.
Oblige. Bind, please, gratify,
accommodate, favor, constrain,
compel, force, coerce, benefit,
necessitate, obligate.
ANT. Release, acquit; per-
suade, induce ; annoy, disoblige.
Obliging. Civil, courteous, com-
plaisant, kind, considerate, ac-
commodating, compliant.
ANT. Discourteous, incon-
siderate, rude, disobliging, un-
accommodating.
Oblique. Indirect, slanting, in-
clined, perverse, disingenuous,
diagonal, divergent, angular.
ANT. Straightforward, rec-
tilineal.
Oblivion. Forgetfulness, disre-
membrance.
ANT. Memory, reminiscence,
remembrance, recollection, cel-
ebration, commemoration.
J
obi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [obs

Obloquy. Censure, odium, con- clusion, judgment, attention,

tumely, reproach, gainsaying, comment, note, observance.
reviling, calumny, slander, de- ANT. Inattention, oversight,
traction. silence, ignorance, inadver-
ANT. Praise, acclamation, tence.
encomium, panegyric. Observe. Remark, note, watch,
Obnoxious. Odious, detrimen- heed, see, discover, attend, com-
tal, blameworthy, pernicious, ment.
offensive. ANT. Overlook, misconceive,
ANT. Pleasant, grateful, in- misunderstand.
dependent, wholesome, benefi- Obsolete. Disused, ancient, ne-
cial, salutary. glected, antiquated, archaic, ef-
Obscure, a. Abstruse, deep, in- fete, past, old-fashioned, old,
volved, difficult, hidden, pro- rare, obsolescent.
found, mysterious, ambiguous, ANT. Fashionable, modern,
unintelligible, cloudy, complex, current, customary, new, novel,
complicated, dark, darksome, extant.
dense, dim. doubtful, intricate, Obstacle. Impediment, obstruc-
dusky, indistinct, enigmatical, tion, difficulty, hindrance, bar-
incomprehensible, muddy, tur- rier, check.
bid, shadowy, misty, unknown, ANT. Course, proceeding, ca-
secluded, unascertained, re- advancement, progress.
reer,
mote. Obstinacy. Pertinacity, firm-
ANT. Clear, luminous, dis- ness, resoluteness, inflexibility,
tinct, lucid, plain, plain-spoken, persistency, perverseness, con-
intelligible, prominent, emi- tumacy.
nent. ANT. Flexibility, docility,
Obsequious. Servile,
cringing, complaisance.
fawning, compliant, submissive, Obstinate. Perverse, obdurate,
deferential, sycophantic, flatter- intractable, determined, stub-
ing. born, resolved, resolute, inflex-
ANT. Impudent, self-asser- ible, unyielding, intractable, in-
tive, independent, arrogant, in- domitable, unflinching, contu-
submissive, haughty, proud. macious, decided, dogged, mul-
Observance. Observation, heed- ish, heady, headstrong, fixed,
ing, form, practice, custom, at- firm, immovable, opinionated,
tention, celebration, ceremony, persistent, pertinacious, refrac-
performance. tory, unconquerable.
ANT. Inobservance, inatten- ANT. Pliant, docile, submis-
tion, disuse, disregard, disre- sive, dutiful, gentle, obedient,
spect, omission, unceremonious- compliant, tractable, yielding,
ness, informality. amenable, complaisant, irreso-
Observant. Observing, watch- lute, wavering, undecided, pli-
ful, attentive, regardful, obe- able, teachable.
dient, mindful, careful, heed- Obstruct. Bar, barricade, hin-
ful. der, oppose, impede, stay, stop,
ANT. Unmindful, disobedi- arrest, check, embarrass, clog,
ent, disregardful, heedless. choke, retard, interrupt.
Observation. Contemplation, re- ANT. Aid, facilitate, accel-
mark, study, notice, view, con- erate, forward, promote, clear,

[ 215 ]
obs] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [off

advance, open, pave the way ANT. Idleness, leisure, va-

for, further, free, expedite. cancy, vacation, abandonment,
Obstruction. Obstacle, barrier, resignation.
bar, impediment, check, clog, Occupy. Possess, hold, employ,
hindrance. fill.

ANT. Course, proceeding, ad- ANT. Abandon, release, de-

vancement, progress, career. sert, surrender, vacate, concede,
Obtain. Attain, gain, procure, Occur. Happen, appear, meet,
acquire, earn, win. befall, betide, take place.
ANT. Lose, forfeit, surren- ANT. Threaten, pass, im-
der, forego. pend.
Obtrude. Intrude, force, inter- Occurrence. Event, happening,
fere, thrust. incident, affair, adventure, cir-
ANT. Suggest, hint, insinu- cumstance, transaction, episode.
ate; retire, withdraw. ANT. Cause, antecedent, in-
Obtuse. Blunt, dull, stupid, un- ducement, predisposition, ten-
intelligent, stolid. dency, contribution.
ANT. Keen, quick, sharp, in- Odd. Quaint, unmatched, queer,
telligent, acute, clever. unusual, eccentric, fantastical,
Obverse. Opposite, facing. droll, comical, singular, pecul-
ANT. Hinder, reverse. iar.
Obvious. Opposing; plain, evi- ANT. Common, usual, regu-
dent, clear, manifest, apparent, lar, normal, matched.
discovered, perceived, open, ex- Odious. Hateful, detestable, dis-
plicit, patent. gusting, abominable, repulsive,
ANT. Remote, obscure, far- forbidding, unpopular, invidi-
fetched, involved, latent. ous, loathsome.
Occasion, v. Cause, produce, ANT. Pleasing, pleasant, ac-
create, induce, originate, fur- ceptable, agreeable, grateful,
nish, compose, constitute, gen delectable, bewitching, charm-
erate. ing.
Occasionally. Sometimes, casu- Odium. Hatred, abhorrence, de-
ally, rarely. testation, antipathy, unpopu-
ANT. A I ways,constantly, larity, offensiveness.
regularly, frequently. ANT. Welcome, acceptable-
Occult. Secrot, concealed, hid- ness, popularity.
den, unknown, invisible, latent, Oclor. Scent, perfume, smell, fra-
eclipsed, unrevealed, mysteri- grance, aroma, redolence; trail,
ous. effluvium, fume.
ANT. Developed, plain, ex- ANT. Inodorcnsness.
posed, patent, clear, familiar, Odorous. Fragrant, perfumed,
open. balmy, aromatic, odorant.
Occupancy. Possession, occupa- ANT. Scentless, inodorous;
tion, tenurv. fni ,V.
ANT. Kriction, ejection, dis Offend. Displease, affront, harm,
possession. pain, annoy, transgress.
Occupation. Occupancy, avoca- ANT. Please, gratify, concili-
tion, employment, engagement ate.
vocation, calling, office, trade. Offense. Umbrage, misdeed, de-
profession. linquency, transgression, fault,
[ 216 1
off] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ons

affront, indignity, outrage, in- pristine, antique, antiquated,

sult. old-fashioned, obsolete; senile;
ANT. Defense, guiltlessness, gray, hoary, olden, immemo-
innocence. rial, time-honored, decrepit, el-
Offensive. Disagreeable, obnox- derly, patriarchal, remote, ven-
ious, impertinent,
distasteful, erable, time-worn.
disgusting, rude, saucy, appro- ANT. Youthful, childlike,
brious, insulting, insolent, at- young; recent, modern, fresh,,
tacking, abusive, invading, as- new-fashioned, current.
sailant. Omen. Prognostic, augury, pres-
ANT. Defensive, pleasing, age, sign, portent, foreboding.
grateful, savory. ANT. Fulfilment, event, oc-
Offer. Propose, propound, ten- currence, realization.
der, sacrifice, immolate, under- Ominous. Significant, porten-
take, attempt, try, proffer. tous, unpropitious, threaten-
ANT. Withhold, irithdraio, ing, inauspicious, foreboding,
retract, retain, alienate, divert. premonitory, suggestive.
Offhand. Instant, ready, extem- ANT. Encouraging, auspi-
poraneous, unpremeditated, un- cious, propitious.
studied, impromptu. Omit, v. Leave out, neglect, for-
ANT. Premeditated, elabo- bear, fail, miss, overlook.
rate, studied, thought-out. ANT.
Consider, observe, no-
Office. Service, duty, custom, po- attend, regard.
tice,
sition, charge, authority, func- Omnipotent. All-powerful, ir-
tion, business. resistible, Almighty.
ANT. Leisure, vacancy, sine- ANT. Powerless, inefficient,
cure, resignation. impotent.
Officer. Official, functionary, di- Omniscient. All-knowing, infal-
rector, dignitary, manager, ad- lible, all-wise.
ministrator. ANT. Short-sighted, fallible,
ANT. Member, servant, pri- ignorant.
vate, employee. One. Single, individual, soli-
Official, a. Administrative, au- tary, certain, undivided, com-
thoritative, functional, profes- mon, united, unitary.
sional. ANT. Many, several; few.
ANT. Private, unofficial, un- Onerous. Burdensome, oppres-
professional. sive, heavy, toilsome, difficult,
Officiate. Act, serve, perform. laborious, responsible.
ANT. Witness, retire. ANT. Light, easy, trivial.
Officious. Impertinent, meddle- Only, ad. Solely, singly, exclu-
some, interfering, forward, in- sively, merely, barely, wholly.
trusive, pushing. ANT. Among, amongst, to-
ANT. Negligent, backward, gether, collectively.
remiss; retiring, modest. Only, a. Single, sole, alone, pre-
Often. Frequently, repeatedly, eminent, chief.
commonly, many times, not sel- ANT. Many, together, sev-
dom. eral, mixed.
ANT. Infrequently, seldom, Onset, Onslaught. Assault, at-
rarely. tack, storming, aggression, in-
Old. Aged, ancient, primitive, vasion.

[ 217 ]
<mw] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS topp

ANT. Repulse, resistance, Opponent. Antagonist, foe, ad-

protection, shelter, support, de-
fense.
Onward. Forward, in advance,
ahead.
ANT. Aback, astern, lack-
ward.
Opaque. Impervious, not trans-
parent, obscure, unintelligible.
ANT. Pellucid, translucent,
transparent, obvious, clear, in-
telligible, perspicuous.
*)pen, v. Unclose, disclose, ex-
pose, explain, begin, commence,
initiate.
ANT. Close, shut, cover, con-
ceal; conclude, terminate; mis-
interpret, mystify.
^>pen, a. Unclosed, uncovered,
unprotected, exposed, plain,
obvious, evident, public, art-
less, candid, free, available, ac-
cessible, undisguised, ingenu-
ous.
ANT. Closed, barred, inac-
cessible, unavailable, reserved,
shut, secreted.
Opening. Aperture, hole, space,
breach, gap, fissure; start, in-
auguration, commencement, ini-
tiation, beginning opportunity.
; concord, alliance, congeniality.
ANT. Obstruction, stop-gap,
termination, enclosure, close,
end, conclusion, inopportunity,
unseasonableness.
Operation. Agency, action, ex-
ercise, production, influence,
force, performance, result, pro-
cedure, effect, execution.
ANT. Failure, uselessness,
futility, ineffectiveness, ineffi-
ciency, poioerlessness, inaction,
cessation, rest.
Opinion. Persuasion, idea, sen-
timent, view, conviction, judg-
ment, notion, impression, esti-
mation.
ANT. Evidence, argument,
inquiry, speculation, investiga-
tion, pleading.
[ 218
versary, enemy, rival.
ANT. Helper, assistant, ac-
complice, ally.
Opportune. Timely, seasonable,
convenient, ready, suitable, au-
spicious, meet, appropriate.
ANT. Untimely, unseason-
able, inopportune, infelicitous.
Opportunity. Occasion, conven-
ience, occurrence, turn, open-
ing.
ANT. Lapse, omission, inop-
portuneness, contre-temps.
Oppose. Combat, withstand, con-
tradict, deny, gainsay, oppugn,
contravene, check, obstruct.
ANT. Aid, abet, support, ad-
vance, expedite.
Opposite. Facing, contrary, re-
pugnant, antagonistic, adverse,
counter, contradictory, op-
posed.
ANT. Agreeing, coincident,
harmonious, conformable, suit-
ing, fitting, accordant.
Opposition. Restraint, defeat,
resistance, hostility, obstacle,
obstruction, animosity.
ANT. Sympathy, harmony,
Oppress. Impose, weigh down,
burden, grind, persecute, over-
whelm, crush, overpower, sub-
due.
ANT. Encourage, assist, sup-
port, befriend.
Oppression. Cruelty, tyranny,
hardship, injustice, severity.
ANT. Kindness, mercy, jus-
tice, clemency, leniency.
Oppressive. Heavy, oppressing,
rigorous, tyrannical, unjust, ex-
tortionate, grinding.
ANT. Light, easy, compas-
sionate, just, humane, gener-
ous.
Opprobrium. Disgrace, infamy,
reproach, contempt, scandal,
obloquy, odium.
]
opt] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Popularity, welcome,
acceptableness.
Option. Choice, preference, selec-
tion, discretion, wish, election.
ANT. Compulsion, necessity,
obligation.
Opulence. Wealth, riches,
tune, affluence,
independence.
ANT. Poverty, impecunios-
ity, indigence, want.
Oracle. Revelation ; prophet, an-
gel.
ANT. Empiricism, pragma-
tism.
Oracular. Prophetic, ominous,
portentous; authoritative, pos-
itive, dogmatical wise, grave,
; decree, rescript, regulation, in-
sage ;obscure, equivocal, am-
biguous.
ANT. Cautious, modest, va-
cillating, diffident.
Oral. Verbal, unwritten, vocal,
spoken, traditional.
ANT. Documentary, icrit-
ten.
Oration. Address, speech, dis-
course, harangue, lecture, dis-
putation, declamation, effusion.
ANT. Reasoning, suggestion,
insinuation.
Oratory. Eloquence, rhetoric,
ocution, declamation.
ANT. Hesitation, stammer-
ing, dulness.
Orb. Sphere, globe, ball; circle,
orbit, circuit; disk; revolution.
Orbit. Revolution, path, circuit,
sphere.
ANT. Deviation, eccentric-
ity, perturbation.
Ordain. Set, regulate, establish,
appoint, decree, constitute, in-
stitute, prescribe, dictate.
ANT.Revoke, subvert, can-
eel,countermand.
Ordeal. Test, trial, experiment,
probation, proof, scrutiny, as-
say, investigation.
ANT. Result, event; argu-
ment, evidence, plea, discussion.
[or
Order. Arrangement, system,
procedure, method, rule, regula-
tion ; command, mandate, rank,
direction, grade, class, clmrac-
ter, kind, management, injunc-
tion, prohibition, requirement,,
for- instruction.
ANT. Alloicance, consent,
leave, permission, permit, lib-
erty, license.
Orderly. Regular, obedient, sys-
tematic, quiet, peaceable, meth-
odical, well-regulated.
ANT. Disorderly, riotous, ir~
regular.
Ordinance. Statue, law, edict,,
stitute, rule.
ANT. Custom, usage, tradi-
tion, fashion.
Ordinary. Normal, usual, com-
mon, customary, settled, fre-
quent, wonted, habitual, indif-
ferent, mediocre, plain, com-
monplace.
ANT.
Extraordinary, supe-
unusual, uncommon.
rior,
Organic. Inherent, fundamen-
tal, essential, constitutional,
radical, vital; organized, syste-
el- matized.
ANT. Non-essential, circum-
stantial, provisional, contin-
gent, inorganic, secondary.
Organization. Structure, form,
construction ; organism.
ANT. Disorganization.
Organize. Arrange, constitute,
shape, adjust, frame, establish,
construct, systematize.
ANT. Disorganize, dismem-
ber, disband, break up, annul.
Origin. Source, rise, commence'
ment, spring, fountain, deriva
tion, cause, root, foundation.
ANT. Termination, conclU'
sion, extinction.
Original. Primitive, new, pri
mary, pristine, genuine, in
ventive, peculiar, initiatory,
[ 219 ]
ori] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ore

primordial, ancient, former, Outcry. Clamor, tumult, vocif-

first. eration, alarm, yell, scream,
ANT. Subsequent, later, de- noise.
rivative, modern, terminal. ANT. Quiet, silence; accla-
Originate. Begin, cause, com- mation, plaudit.
mence, start, invent, create, Outer. Outside, outward, exter-
spring, rise. nal, exterior.
ANT. Prosecute, conduct; ANT. Inward, inside, inter-
conclude, finish, end. nal, interior.
Ornament. Decoration, embel- Outlaw. Brigand, bandit, rob-
lishment, adornment. ber, highwayman, marauder,
ANT. Disgrace, brand, dis- freebooter.
figurement, detraction. Outlet. Egress, exit, vent.
Ornate. Adorned, beautiful, em- ANT. Entrance, ingress.
bellished, decorated, elaborate, Outline. Contour, sketch, delin-
rich, ornamented. eation, draft, plan.
ANT. Bare, bald, nude, plain, ANT. Form, substance, bulk,
naked. figure, field, ground, space; ob-
Orthodox. Sound, conventional, ject, subject.
approved, correct. Outrage. Outbreak, offense, vio-
ANT. Heretical, unorthodox, lence, mischief, abuse, affront,
liberal, radical. insult, indignity.
Ostensible. Exhibited, avowed, ANT. Favor; self-restraint,
professed, apparent, pretended, self-control.
declared, manifest, specious, Outrageous. Violent, furious,
plausible, outward. excessive, exorbitant, wanton,
ANT. Real, actual, genuine, atrocious, monstrous, nefari-
veritable, concealed, hidden. ous, heinous.
Ostentation. Display, boasting, ANT. Moderate, reasonable,
show, boast, vaunting, flourish, justifiable.
pageant, pomp, parade, page- Outskirts. Border, edge, out-
antry. post, precincts, environs, sub-
ANT. Diffidence, modesty, urbs.
reserve, timidity, shrinking, re- ANT. Interior, center, bulk,
tirement, quietness, unobtru- mass, body, heart.
siveness. Outstanding. Uncollected, un-
Ostracism. Banishment, exclu- discharged, unappropriated, un-
sion, expulsion, blackball, ex- paid projecting opposing.
; ;

communication, separation. ANT. Collected, appropri-

ANT. Admittance, enlist- ated, gathered, paid; support-
ment, enrolment; welcome, fel- ing; reentrant.
lowship. Outward. Out, outer, external,
Outbreak. Outburst, eruption, exterior, public, visible, sen-
tumult, commotion, rebellion, sible, extraneous, superficial,
insurrection, riot, conflict. apparent, extrinsic, ostensible.
ANT. Quiet, order, pacifica- ANT. Internal, intrinsic, in-
tion, subsidence, quelling. ward, withdrawn.
Outcast. Exile, vagabond, rep- Overcast. Cloudy, lowering, ob-
robate, castaway, pariah, va- scured, murky, darkened, over-
grant. spread, eclipsed.
[ 220
ove] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Cloudless, clear, lumi- Overthrow. Upset, ruin, de-
nous. molish, destroy, overcome, de-
Overcome. Vanquish, conquer, feat.
surmount, excel, overthrow, ANT. Restore, reinstate, re-
subjugate, rule, domineer over. vive.
ANT. Lose, forfeit, surren- Overture. Proposal, proposition,,
der, fail, submit, retreat, suc- offer, opening, prelude, invita-
cumb. tion, advance, initiation.
Overflow, n. Redundancy, inun- ANT. Inaction, quiescence.
dation, deluge, exuberance, su- Overweening. Rash, arrogant,
perabundance. egoistic, vain, haughty, con-
ANT. Subsidence, deficiency, ceited.
exhaustion. ANT. Affable, courteous, so-
Overruling. Governing, control- ciable, condescending, gracious,
ling, superior, predominant, di- polite, approachable.
recting, prevailing. Overwhelm. Submerge, en-
ANT. Governed, controlled, gulf, immerse, overpower, ex-
inferior, subordinate. tinguish, bury, crush, sink,
Oversight. Charge, superin- subdue, vanquish, conquer, de-
tendence, management, super- feat.
vision, command, care, watch- ANT. Raise, reinstate, rees-
fulness, surveillance, control, tablish, rescue, extricate.
inspection, direction, watch ; Owe. Be indebted for, be obliged
omission, error, inadvertence. for, borrow, hypothecate, at-
ANT. Mismanagement, neg- tribute.
ligence, disregard, slight ; par- ANT. Repay, requite, defray,
ticularity, attention to mi- liquidate.
nutice. Own. Possess, grant, acknowl-
Overt. Public, manifest, appar- edge, admit, confess, avow.
ent, deliberate, open, avowed. ANT. Lose, disown, abandon,
ANT. Covert, secret, furtive, forfeit, alienate, disinherit, ab-
clandestine, implied. jure.

Pacific. Appeasing, reconciling, pact, covenant, bargain, stipu-

tranquil, mild, calm, peaceful, lation, alliance, bond.
conciliatory. ANT. Understanding, prom-
ANT. Harsh, irritating, ex- ise, parole, honor.
asperating, quarrelsome, tur- Paean. Jubilation.
bulent, tumultuous, war- ANT. Dirge.
like. Pagan, a. Gentile, heathen, idol-
Pacification. Conciliation, com- ater.
promise, reconcilement, adjust- ANT. Christian, believer.
ment, reconciliation. Paganism. Heathenism, poly-
ANT. Warfare, fighting, hos- theism, pantheism.
tilities, war. ANT. Christianity, Christen-
Pact. Agreement, league, com- dom.
[ 221 ]
pag] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [par

Pageant. Spectacle, exhibition, Palm. Laurels, bays, prize, tro-

display, show, ceremony, proces- phy, crown.
sion, parade. ANT. Shame, blot, stigma,
ANT. Illusion, mockery, fan- brand.
tasmagoria, dream. Palpable. Perceptible, obvious,
Pageantry. Pomp, parade, dis- plain, gross, material, corpo-
play, show, spectacle, splendor, real, manifest, evident, patent,
magnificence. distinct.
Pain, n. Agony, ache,
distress, ANT. Immaterial, intangible,
suffering, torture, anguish, tor- ethereal, impalpable, indistinct,
ment, pang, throe, paroxysm, dubious, imperceptible.
twinge, woe, grief. Paltry. Contemptible, worth-
ANT. Ease, peace, rapture, less, mean, vile, pitiful, trifling.
enjoyment, relief, solace, com- ANT. Valuable, estimable,
fort, delight. admirable, worthy, grand, ex-
Pain, v. Hurt, grieve, afflict, dis- cellent, magnificent.
quiet, trouble, distress, agonize, Panegyric. Eulogy, encomium,
torment, torture. praise, laudation, commenda-
ANT. Please, delight, rejoice, tion.
charm, refresh. ANT. Satire, sarcasm, tirade,
Painful. Disquieting, trouble- stricture, invective, philippic.
some, afflictive, distressing, la- Pang. Agony, anguish, distress,
borious, grievous, toilsome, ar- paroxysm, throe.
duous, difficult. ANT. Pleasure, delight, re-
ANT. Pleasant, pleasurable, freshment, enjoyment, gratifi-
acceptable, agreeable, grateful, cation.
desirable, delectable, delicious. Parable. Fable, allegory, apo-
Painstaking. Careful, diligent, logue, similitude.
attentive, faithful, laborious. ANT. History, fact, narra-
ANT. Neglectful, heedless, un- tive.
mindful, disregardful, improv- Parade, n. Ostentation, display,
ident, thoughtless, careless. show, pomp, pageant, spectacle,
Paint. Color, picture, depict, procession.
delineate, sketch, draw, por- ANT. Modesty, humility, re-
tray. tirement, simplicity, plainness,
ANT. Misrepresent, carica- seclusion, suppression.
ture, daub. Paradise. Bliss, heaven, Eden,
Pair. Two, couple, span, brace, ecstasy, Elysium.
yoke. ANT. Purgatory, hell, tor-
ANT. One, several, many. ture, misery, torment.
Pale. Pallid, white, wan, color- Paradox. Contradiction, ambi-
less, dim, sallow. guity, absurdity, enigma, mys-
ANT. Ruddy, high-colored, tery.
conspicuous, brilliant. ANT. Axiom, postulate, pre-
Palliate. Cover, conceal, exten- cept, truism, proposition.
uate, hide, veil, screen, cloak, Parallel. Correspondent, correl-
gloss over, apologize for, miti- lative, analogous, concurrent,
gate. equidistant.
ANT. Alleviate; aggravate, ANT. Different, opposed, di-
heighten, increase, intensify. vergent, irrelative, incongruous.
F 222 ]
par] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [par

Paralyze. Deaden, benumb, un- plete, unfair, unjust, warped,

nerve, destroy, impair, enfeeble, interested, inequitable.
prostrate, debilitate. ANT. Unrestricted, univer-
ANT. Nerve, strengthen, re- sal, general, equitable, just, un-
store, invigorate. biased, impartial.
Paramount. Supreme, pree"mi- Particle. Atom, corpuscle, iota,
nent, chief, superior, principal. grain, jot, mite, molecule, ele-
ANT. Minor, inferior, secon- ment, whit, tittle, scrap, shred*
dary, subordinate. scintilla.
Parasite. Flatterer, sycophant, ANT. Mass, quantity, sum,
courtier. entirety, sum total, whole, ag-
ANT. Calumniator, traducer, gregate, total.
detractor. Particular, n. Detail, point, fea-
Pardon, n. Absolution, mercy, ture.
forgiveness, forbearance, remis- ANT. Whole, subject, case.
sion, acquittal, indulgence. Particular, a. Sole, single, indi-
ANT. Penalty, punishment, vidual, respective, appropriate,
vengeance, retribution, retalia- personal, singular, important,
tion. peculiar, especial, specific, pre-
Pardon, v. Condone, forgive, ab- cise, critical, circumstantial.
solve, excuse, overlook, remit, ANT. Universal, general, com-
pass over or by, acquit. prehensive, indiscriminate, ab-
ANT. Convict, castigate, con- stract, inaccurate, inexact, un-
demn, chastise, correct, punish, dis criminating.
doom, sentence, scourge, visit Parting. Separation, leave-tak-
upon, recompense, chasten. ing, farewell, dividing, division,
Pardonable. Excusable, forgiv- disruption, detachment.
able, venial. ANT. Union, attachment.
ANT. Inexcusable, unpar- Partisan. Adherent, follower,
donable. supporter, disciple.
Parentage. Descent, extraction, ANT. Opponent, antagonist^
lineage, birth, stock, pedigree. adversary.
Parsimonious. Avaricious, fru- Partition. Division, distribu-
gal, sparing, close, stingy, pe- tion, separation, allotment, ap-
nurious, niggardly, illiberal. portionment; compartment, in-
ANT. Liberal, profuse, un- terspace, barrier.
sparing, extravagant. ANT. Combination, inclu-
Part, n. Fraction, fragment, sec- sion, comprehension, collection,
tion, atom, segment, element, union.
piece, portion, instalment, con- Partly. In part, somewhat, par-
stituent, component, ingredient, tially, not wholly.
member, particle, share, subdi- ANT. Altogether, entirely,
vision. completely, to the full extent.
ANT. Whole, mass, bulk, en- Partner. Associate, colleague,
tirety, quantity, totality. coadjutor, confederate, partici-
Partake. Share, participate. pator, partaker, comrade, mate,
ANT. Yield, forfeit, forego, companion.
relinquish. ANT. Rival, competitor, op~
Partial. Biased, restricted, spe- ponent, adversary, alien.
cific, limited, imperfect, incom- Partnership. Company, firm.

[ 223 ]
pas] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
union, connection, society, in-
terest, house, association, parti-
cipation.
ANT. Independence, discon-
nection, disjunction, disunion, Paternal.
dissociation.
Pass. Go, move, proceed, disap-
pear, vanish, depart, take place,
occur, elapse, spend, live, ex-
perience; transcend, exceed;
send, transmit, deliver; utter,
promise, pledge; finish.
ANT. Hold up; abide, wait,
halt, continue, endure.
Passable. Navigable, current,
acceptable, tolerable, admissi-
ble, moderate, traversible, me-
diocre.
ANT. Impassable, impene-
trable, inadmissible, impervi-
ous; excellent.
Passage. Transit, conveyance,
journey, way, road, path, hall,
course, progress, process, vesti-
bule, corridor.
Passible. Susceptible, sensitive,
sensible, impressible.
ANT. Impassible, insuscepti-
ble, unsensitive.
Passion. Feeling, emotion, sus-
ceptibility, sentiment, ardor, ex-
citement, desire, anger, warmth,
vehemence.
ANT. Indifference, apathy,
coldness, coolness, frigidity.
Passive. Quiescent, unopposing,
enduring, submissive, patient,
unresisting, inert, inactive, re-
laxed, negative.
ANT. Resistant, positive, im-
patient, vehement, active, alert.
Past. Gone by, elapsed, ended,
spent, departed, late, accom-
plished.
ANT. Present; future.
Pastime. Entertainment, recre-
ation, sport, play, amusement,
diversion.
ANT. Business, work, task,
labor, occupation, study.
[ 224
[pan
Patent. Open, expanded, evident,
apparent, manifest, public.
ANT. Ambiguous, question-
able, dubious.
Fatherly, tender, care-
ful, hereditary.
ANT.
Careless, rough, harsh;
acquired, conferred, won.
Path. Footway, track, pathway,
route, course, road; method.
Pathetic. Affecting, emotional,
moving, pitiful, tender, touch-
ing, melting, plaintive.
ANT. Ludicrous, ridiculous,
farcical, unaffecting.
Pathless. Untrodden, impene-
trable, trackless.
ANT. Trodden, frequented.
Patience. Composure, calmness,
leniency, fortitude, sufferance,
submission, endurance, forbear-
ance, resignation, long-suffer-
ing.
ANT. Anger, impatience, ire,
passion, fury, frenzy, rage, tem-
per, vexation, petulance, wrath,
fretfulness, peevishness.
Patient. Resigned, passive, en-
during, unrepining, calm, for-
bearing, long-suffering.
ANT. Impatient, insubmis-
sive, malcontent, vehement, re-
sistant.
Patrician. Noble, aristocratic,
high-born, well-born.
ANT. Plebeian, churlish, or-
dinary, peasant.
Patrimony. Heritage, inherit-
ance, estate.
Pattern. Archetype, exem-
plar, specimen, sample, design,
mold.
ANT. Caricature, misrepre-
sentation, monstrosity, perver-
sion.
Paucity. Scantiness, deficiency,
fewness, lack, want, rarity.
ANT. Fulness, number, fre-
qitcnry. abundance, quantity.
Pause, M. Stop, cessation, inter-
]
pau] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pen

ruption, suspension, hesitation, tiveness, specialty, characteris-

suspense, doubt. tic, particularity.
ANT. Continuance, continu- ANT. Universality, general-
ity, perseverance, progress, pro- ity, uniformity, homogeneity,
gression, advancement. community.
Pause, v. Stop, cease, intermit, Pedigree. Lineage, descent, an-
wait, stay, tarry, demur, hesi- cestry, genealogy, birth, paren-
tate. tage.
ANT. Continue, proceed, per- ANT. Ancestor, founder, ori-
sist,persevere, advance. gin; plebeianism; extinction.
Pay, n. Earnings, stipend, sal- Peer. Equal, match, mate, com-
ary, wages, allowance, retainer, rade, associate; nobleman.
remuneration, payment, com- ANT. Superior; subordinate.
pensation, hire, fee, requital, Peerless. Unmatched, matchless,
honorarium. unequaled, unique, superlative,
Pay, v. Recompense, requite, sat- paramount.
isfy, compensate, discharge, re- ANT. Ordinary, mediocre,
munerate, fulfil, expend, liqui- commonplace.
date, disburse. Peevish. Querulous, cross, testy,
ANT. Deprive, defraud, re- ill-tempered, captious, discon-
tain, exact, hoard, invest. tented, petulant, irritable, ill-
Payment. Pay, compensation, natured, irascible.
satisfaction, content, salary, re- ANT. Good-natured, easy, ge-
ward, wages, recompense, re- nial, mild, complaisant, gentle.
quital, return. Penal. Punitive, retributive, cor-
Peace. Quiet, calm, repose, tran- rective.
quillity, stillness, silence, har- ANT. Preventive, reparatory;
mony, amity, concord, reconcil- honorary, remunerary.
iation, order, pacification. Penalty. Retribution, forfeiture,
ANT. Noise, disturbance, dis- fine, punishment, amercement,
order, ivar, strife, discord, vari- mulct.
ance, tumult, agitation, hostil- ANT. Reuxird, tcages, guer-
ity. don, prize, honorarium, remu-
Peaceable. Peaceful, pacific, un- neration, compensation.
disturbed, tranquil, quiet, mild, Pendent. Pendulous, overhang-
serene, still. ing, hanging, suspended, de-
ANT. Warlike, quarrelsome, pending.
hostile, savage, fierce, violent, ANT. Supported, sustaining,
restless. propped.
Peasant. Countryman, rustic, Penetrate. Enter, pierce, com-
swain, laborer, villager. prehend, discern, understand,
ANT. Citizen, townsman. perforate, permeate, fathom.
Peculiar. Special, especial, in- ANT. Glance off, be tangent
dividual, particular, appropri- to, find impermeable; misun-
ate, unusual, singular, strange, derstand, mistake; float.
rare. Penetration. Discernment, sa-
ANT. General, universal, or- gacity, acuteness, discrimina-
dinary, public, common. tion, sharpness, observation, in-
Peculiarity. Individuality, sin- sight.
gularity, idiosyncrasy, distinc- ANT. Obtuseness, shortsight*
[ 225 ]
pen] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [per

ednets; stupidity, shallowness, Percolate. Filter, strain, exude,

dulness. drain, ooze.
Penitence. Repentance, contri ANT. Flow, rush, stream,
tion, remorse, sorrow, regret, run, disgorge.
compunction. Percussion. Shock, clash, col-
ANT. Self-approval, gratula- lision, concussion, encounter.
tion; obduracy, hardhearted- ANT. Recoil, rebound, rever-
ness. beration.
Penitent, Penitential. Repent- Perdition. Loss, ruin, destruc-
ant, contrite, doing penance. tion, overthrow, wreck, demoli-
ANT. Impenitent, obdurate, tion.
hardhearted. ANT. Restoration, recovery,
Pensive. Thoughtful, sad, wist- rescue, salvation.
ful, meditative, dreamy, sober; Peremptory. Decisive, positive,
serious, mournful, melancholy, absolute, final, authoritative,
solemn, reflective. arbitrary, express, dogmatical,
ANT. Joyous, glad, happy, determined, resolute.
gay, care-free, thoughtless, un- ANT. Hortatory, mild, en-
reflecting. treative, expostulatory, sugges-
Penurious. Covetous, parsimo- tive.
nious, stingy, avaricious, nig- Perennial. Perpetual, unceas-
gardly, sordid. ing, never failing, enduring,
ANT. Liberal, bountiful, gen- continual, constant, permanent,
erous, prodigal. uninterrupted.
Penury. Want, privation, indi- ANT. Occasional, intermit-
gence, poverty, destitution, beg- tent, periodic, uncertain; per-
gary, need. ishing, ephemeral, transient,
ANT. Wealth, abundance, af- fleeting.
fluence, luxury, competence. Perfect. Finished, complete, en-
People. Nation, race, popula- tire, faultless, consummate, ac-
tion, state, tribe, community, curate, ideal, finished, absolute,
commonwealth. completed, correct, immaculate,
Perceivable, Perceptible. Dis- sinless, blameless, holy, unde-
cernible, distinguishable, cog- filed, stainless, spotless, un-
nizable, observable. blemished.
ANT. Imperceptible, indis- ANT. Imperfect, bad, defi-
tinguishable, insensible, inap- cient, blemished, faulty, cor-
preciable. rupt, poor, inferior, incomplete,
Perceive. Comprehend, appre- perverted, worthless, spoiled,
hend, conceive, understand. insufficient, meager, defective,
ANT. Ignore, lose, miss, fail short, scant, marred, defaced,
of, overlook, misconceive, mis- corrupted, deformed, fallible,
apprehend. ruined.
Perception. Discernment, ap- Perfection. Excellence, complete-
prehension, recognition, under- ness, faultlessness, maturity,
standing, comprehension, feel- wholeness, consummation, per-
ing, sensation, sense. fectness.
ANT. Conception, concept, ANT. Defect, imperfection,
imagination, idea, notion; mis- incompleteness, blemish.
understanding. Perfectly. Thoroughly, exqui-
[ 226 ]
per] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [per

sitely, completely, faultlessly, Periodical. Recurring, regular,

entirely, fully, wholly, exactly, stated, recurrent, systematic,
accurately. calculable, serial.
ANT. Imperfectly, faultily, ANT. Indeterminate, eccen-
partially, inaccurately. tric, fitful, spasmodic, irregu-
Perfidious. False, treacherous, lar.
faithless, disloyal, dishonest, Permanent. Enduring, abiding,
untrustworthy. changeless, constant, durable,
ANT. True, loyal, stanch, up- steadfast, unchangeable, im-
right, faithful, honest, trust- mutable, invariable, fixed, un-
worthy. changing, stable, lasting, per-
Perform. Complete, accomplish, sistent, perpetual.
execute, do, discharge, fulfil ;
ANT. Transient, brief, fleet-
represent, act, play, enact, con- ing, evanescent, passing, tran-
summate, achieve. sitory, momentary, temporary,
ANT. Spoil, injure, harm, ephemeral.
ruin, mar ; fail of, misconduct. Permission. Authority, allow-
Performance. Completion, con- ance, consent, liberty, leave, li-
summation, execution, accom- cense, permit, authorization.
plishment, achievement, work, ANT. Hindrance, opposition,
production, act, action, deed, objection, denial, prevention,
exploit, feat. prohibition, refusal, resistance.
ANT. Failure, defeat, omis- Pernicious. Mischievous, bane-
sion, abortion, undoing, non- ful, destructive, noisome, dele-
performance. terious, harmful, hurtful, poi-
Perfume. Odor, redolence, balmi- sonous, noxious, pestilential,
ness, fragrance, smell, aroma, unhealthful, unwholesome, det-
scent. rimental, deadly, evil, foul, in-
ANT. Stench, stink, fume. jurious, insalubrious, pestifer-
Perfunctory. Mechanical, care- ous, perverting, ruinous.
less, listless, indifferent. ANT. Helpful, invigorating,
ANT. Animated, spirited, as- salutary, advantageous, good,
siduous, careful, ardent, zeal- favorable, life-giving, rejuven-
ous, interested. ating, useful, serviceable, be-
Perhaps. By chance, peradven- neficent, wholesome, beneficial,
ture, perchance, maybe, haply, healthful.
possibly. Perpetual. Continual, endless,
ANT. Certainly, inevitably. unceasing, unfailing, incessant,
Peril. Hazard, risk, jeopardy, constant, eternal, everlasting,
danger, venture, insecurity, li- perennial, permanent, endur-
ability. ing.
ANT. Safety, assurance, cer- ANT. Periodic, transient, re-
tainty, security. current, temporary, occasional,
Period. Time, cycle, age, epoch, casual, momentary.
limit, end, conclusion era, du-
; Perplex. Entangle, involve, com-
ration, date, term, continuance, plicate, embarrass, puzzle, be-
termination, conclusion, bound. wilder, confuse, distract, annoy,
ANT. Eternity, infinity, per- confound, trouble, worry, dis-
petuity, endlessness, everlast- turb, pester, bother, mystify.
ing. ANT. Enlighten, clear, e-
[ 227 ]
per] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pic

plicate, simplify, elucidate, il- Pertness. Impertinence, bold-

lumine, unfold, explain, mani- ness, forwardness, sauciness,
fest, calm, quiet, control, please, flippancy, impudence, briskness,
instruct, solve, illustrate, make liveliness, smartness, sprightli-
intelligible, account for. ness.
Perplexity. Confusion, bewil- ANT. Diffidence, humility,
derment, disturbance, distrac- modesty, shyness, bashfulness,
tion, doubt, embarrassment, as- demureness.
tonishment, amazement. Perverse. Obstinate, contrary,
ANT. Composure, calmness; fractious, froward, intractable,
discernment, insight. petulant, wilful, wayward, un-
Perseverance. Persistency, te- governable, stubborn, factious,
nacity, steadfastness, steadi- untoward.
ness, constancy, pertinacity, in- ANT. Compliant, genial, ac-
defatigableness, resolution. commodating, governable, kind,
ANT. Fitfulness, caprice, in- obliging, complaisant, amen-
stability, variableness, irregu- able.
larity, indecision, vacillation, Petition, n. Prayer, supplica-
wavering, irresoluteness. tion, entreaty; solicitation, ap-
Perspicacity. Acuteness, keen- plication, suit, appeal, address.
ness, discernment, penetration, ANT. Protest, claim, expos-
perspicaciousness, insight, sa- tulation, demand, injunction,
gacity, astuteness, distinctness, dictation, exaction, dissension,
explicitness. dissent.
ANT. Dulness, stupefaction, Philanthropy. Love, good will,
obtuseness, hebetude, stolidity, charity, benevolence, humanity,
inobservance, insensibility. public-spiritedness.
Perspicuity. Plainess, lucidity, ANT. Misanthropy, ill will,

clearness, explicitness, intelli- selfishness.

gibility, transparency, perspic- Philosopher. Student, theorist,
uousness. speculator, teacher, master, sa-
ANT. Obscurity, turbidness, vant, schoolman, doctor; adept.
unintelligibility, incomprehen- ANT. Learner, pupil, begin-
sibility, indefiniteness, doubt- ner; ignoramus, dunce.
fulness, mysticism, confusion. Philosophical. Rational, wise,
Persuade. Dispose, allure, en- temperate, calm, cool, reason-
tice, urge, move, influence, pre- able, sound, collected, composed,
vail upon, coax, bring over, in- sedate, tranquil, Platonic.
cline, convince, lead, induce, in- ANT. Popular, crude, loose,
cite, win over, impel. inaccurate, illogical, irrational,
ANT. Deter, discourage, re- unsound, unscientific, thought-
strain, hinder, repel, dissuade, less, hotheaded, impulsive.
hold back. Physical. Material, natural, cor-
Pertinent. Apposite, relevant, poral, sensible, visible, tangible,
suitable, appropriate, proper, bodily, corporeal.
fit, adapted. ANT. Mental, spiritual, im-
ANT. Unrelated, unsuitable, material, unsubstantial, hyper-
impertinent, incongruous, alien, physical, intangible, moral, un-
unconnected, discordant, inhar- real, intellectual, invisible.
monious. Picturesque. Graphic, vivid, ar-
[ 228 ]
pie] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
tistic, beautiful, scenic, picto-
rial, graceful, comely, seemly.
ANT. Unseemly, ugly, inar-
tistic, ungraceful, tame, flat, in-
Piety. Sanctity, godliness, holi-
ness, religion, reverence, devo-
tion, grace.
ANT. Impiety, sacrilege, sin-
fulness, ungodliness, hypocrisy,
formalism, sanctimoniousness.
Piquant. Tart, sharp, pungent,
stimulating, biting, racy, sting-
ing, cutting, severe.
ANT. Flat, tame, dull,
sipid.
Pique. Resentment, umbrage,
ritation, displeasure, grudge,
offense.
ANT. Delight, gratification,
pleasure, satisfaction, content-
ment, approval, complacency.
Piteous. Sorrowful, mournful,
affecting, doleful, lamentable,
woful, rueful, sad, pitiable, piti-
ful.
ANT. Joyous, glad, merry,
happy, cheerful, comfortable,
desirable, pleasant, agreeable,
delectable.
Pitiful. Lamentable, mournful,
base, contemptible, piteous, pa-
thetic, pitiable, touching, sor-
rowful, woful, wretched, despic-
able, moving, paltry.
ANT. Exalted, glorious, help-
ful, great, grand, sublime, supe-
rior, beneficent, commanding,
august, dignified, noble, lofty,
mighty, superb.
Pity. Sympathy, mercy, tender-
ness, condolence, compassion,
commiseration.
ANT. Cruelty, severity, mer-
cilessness, sternness, hardness,
rigor, inhumanity, brutality,
barbarity, harshness, pitiless-
ness, ruthlessness, hard-heart-
edness, ferocity, truculence.
Placid. Pleased, contented, un-
ruffled, undisturbed, peaceful,
serene, tranquil, quiet, gentle,
collected, calm, composed, pas-
sionless.
ANT. Discontent, disturbed,
distressed, anxious, distracted,
perplexed, distrait; vehement,
wild, passionate, impulsive, agi-
tated, ruffled, excited, impas-
sioned.
Plain. Artless, undisguised, sin-
cere, frank, honest, ingenuous,
candid, unembellished, simple,
downright, blunt, distinct, ap-
in- parent, manifest, open, clear,
evident, visible, obvious, unmis-
ir- takable, conspicuous, level, flat,
smooth; easy, natural, homely,
ugly; simple, frugal.
ANT. Unnatural, pretended,
affected, assumed, feigned, arti-
ficial, insincere, vain, preten-
tious, conceited; ornate, orna-
mented, decorated, embellished;
involved, obscure, hidden, invis-
ible, inconspicuous, uneven, un-
dulating, rugged, broken, am-
biguous, abrupt, obstructed, un-
certain, enigmatical, abstruse;
beautiful, sophisticated, artful.
Plant, v. Seed, set, sow, seed
down, set out.
ANT. Eradicate, uproot, ex-
tirpate, weed out, root up.
Plausible. Specious, seeming,
pretending, fair-spoken, pass-
able, pretentious, ostensible, ap-
parent; colorable, feasible.
ANT. Genuine, transparent,
true, sterling, veritable, unmis-
takable, authentic, sincere, un-
affected.
Plead. Advocate, ask, beg, urge,
argue, solicit, entreat, implore,
press.
ANT. Grant, bestow, an-
swer.
Pleasant. Kindly, obliging, at-
tractive, pleasing, pleasurable,
agreeable, kind, good-natured.
[ 229 1
pie] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pol

ANT. Disagreeable, gloomy, Poet. Bard, author of poems,

glum, harsh, hateful, repulsive, singer, rimster, rimer, versifier.
unpleasant, repellent, offensive, Poetical. Metrical, rhythmical,
unkind, forbidding, dreary, ar- lyric, rimed, versified; imag-
rogant, austere, grim, ill-na- inative, fictitious, creative.
tured, ill-humored, repelling. ANT. Prosaic, unpoetical,
Pleasure. Satisfaction, comfort, unrimed, unversified, unrhyth-
solace, joy, gladness, delight, mic; commonplace, matter-of-
will, chdice, purpose, command, fact, unimaginative, realistic;
kindness, enjoyment, gratifica- mathematical, historical.
tion, happiness, self-indulgence, Poetry. Meter, rime, numbers,
voluptuousness. poesy, song, verse, poem, met-
ANT. Suffering, affliction, rical composition.
pain, sorrow, sadness, distress, ANT. Prose, prosaic speech,
misery, compulsion, force, coer- prosaic writing.
cion; mourning, depression, de- Poignant. Pricking, piercing,
jection, melancholy, misfortune, sharp, pungent; pointed, keen,
poverty, want. satirical.
Plenitude. Fulness, abundance, ANT. Blunt, dull, obtuse, in-
completeness, plenty, repletion, sipid, pointless, vapid, inexpres-
plethora; luxury, affluence, ex- sive.
uberance, wealth, richness, pro- Poisonous. Venomous, baneful,
fusion, amplitude, enough, sup- corrupting, noxious, pestilen-
ply, sufficiency. tial, malignant, virulent, pes-
ANT. Want, need, scarcity, tiferous, deleterious, mephitic.
scantiness, dearth, insufficiency, ANT. Salubrious, loholesome,
restriction, poverty, partiality, healthful, beneficial, sanative,
stint, reserve, narrowness, pen- genial, remedial, hygienic.
ury, impecuniosity. Polite. Courteous, civil, courtly,
Plentiful. Bountiful, generous, obliging, gracious, polished, ac-
large, abundant, adequate, copi- complished, complaisant, culti-
ous, enough, full, profuse, rich, vated, cultured, elegant, gen-
sufficient, complete, exuberant, teel, urbane, well-behaved, well-
plenteous, replete, teeming, af- mannered, well-bred.
fluent, ample, lavish, liberal, ANT. Awkward, clownish,
luxuriant, overflowing, abound- unmannerly, uncouth, boorish,
ing. blunt, impertinent, bsusk, bluff,
ANT. Deficient, drained, im- impolite, insolent, eoarse, ill-
poverished, scanty, insufficient, bred, ill-behaved, rude, rustic,
small, sparing, stingy, strait- impudent, ill-mannered, untu-
ened, poor, scant, exhausted, in- tored, uncivil, untaught, dis-
adequate, mean, miserly, nar- courteous, unpolished, insult-
row, niggardly, scarce, short, ing.
scrimped. Politeness. Courtesy, civility,
Plot. Intrigue, conspiracy, cabal, gentility, refinement, courtli-
contrivance, scheme, stratagem, ness, elegance, urbanity, good
project, combination, machina- breeding, decorum, complai-
tion; story. sance, affability.
ANT. Blunder, botch; mis- ANT. Rudeness, arrogance,
arrangemeni, miscontrivance. incivility, churlishness, ungra-
[ 230 ]
poo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pra

ciousness, insolence, sauciness, privative; relative; unreal, fic-

impertinence, effrontery, pre- titious, imaginative, contingent,
sumption. dependent, implied, conditional,
Poor. Needy, indigent, desti- dubious, unsubstantial, indefi-
tute; lean, emaciated; feeble, nite, equivocal.
dejected; shabby, mean; unfa- Possession. Control, ownership,
vorable, uncomfortable ; bar- tenure, retention, management,
ren; sterile; inadequate, insig- occupation; (pi. ) property, es-
nificant, insufficient; meek. tate, wealth, dominion.
ANT. Rich, wealthy, afflu- ANT. Dispossession, resigna-
ent, opulent; splendid, costly, tion, surrender, abandoning, re-
valuable, estimable; fruitful, nouncing.
abundant, luxuriant, produc- Potent. Powerful, mighty, puis-
tive, prolific; copious, abound- sant, strong, able, efficient, effi-
ing, ample, well- supplied, com- cacious, forcible, cogent, influ-
fortable, favorable; adequate, ential, effective, active, ener-
sufficient; important, signifi- getic.
cant, arrogant, self-assertive. ANT. Impotent, powerless,
Popular. Cheap, common, ordi- weak, feeble, infirm; inefficient,
nary, inferior; familiar, plain, incapable, incompetent, inca-
easy, comprehensible; favorite, pacitated.
liked, approved, accepted, ac- Potential. Possible, implicit, un-
credited ; current, prevalent, developed, virtual, immanent,
general, prevailing; pertaining inherent, intrinsic.
to the people, vulgar, plebeian; ANT. Actual, explicit, real,
mediocre. objective, developed, express,
ANT. Unpopular, exclusive, determinate, positive, clear,
aristocratic, snobbish; special, definite.
excellent, unique, superior, emi- Poverty. Distress, beggary, in-
nent; selfish, narrow, illiberal, digence, destitution, pauperism,
uncharitable; sole, only, scien- penury, privation, want, need,
c tific, restricted, esoteric; odi- mendicancy.
ous, detested. ANT. Wealth, riches, afflu-
Position. Situation, station, as- ence, luxury, comfort.
sertion, place, posture, locality, Power. Ability, competency, ca-
site ; attitude ; state, condition, pacity, faculty, aptitude, dex-
circumstances ; principle, doc- terity, efficiency, might, talent,
trine, proposition, dictum, affir- energy, skill, strength, readi-
mation, thesis; rank. ness, capability, cleverness, ex-
Positive. Real, actual, absolute, pertness, efficacy, force, qualifi-
explicit, definite, confident, cer- cation, cogency, susceptibility.
tain, dogmatic; defined, precise, ANT. Feebleness, weakness,
clear; veritable, substantial, helplessness, impotence, incom-
true ; indisputable, incontro- petence, inability, inaptitude,
vertible; indubitable; decisive, dulness, awkwardness, imbecil-
unconditional, imperative, un- ity, incapacity, inefficiency, un-
equivocal, settled, assured, ex- skilfulness, maladroitness, stu-
press. pidity.
ANT. Negative, denying, in- Practice, n. Usage, habit, cus-
direct, disavowing, disclaiming, tom; performance, application,
[ 231 ]
pra]
system ; manner, method, mode,
experience.
ANT. Theory, speculation,
assumption, ideal, conjecture,
abstraction,
Practice, v. Do, perform, exer-
cise, carry out, execute; teach,
train; habituate, try; apply,
use; pursue.
ANT. Abandon, misuse, dis-
use, neglect, disregard, slight,
omit, pass over.
Praise, n. Applause, approval,
cheering, compliment, acclaim,
adulation, acclamation, appro-
bation, cheers, plaudit, eulogy,
encomium, flattery, laudation,
panegyric, sycophancy.
ANT. Abuse, blame, censure,
contempt, reproach, ignominy,
slander, scorn, obloquy, animad-
version, condemnation, denun-
ciation, disapprobation, dispar-
agement, vituperation, reproof,
disapproval, repudiation, hiss-
ing, vilification.
Praise, v. Laud, eulogize, cele-
brate, magnify, glorify; honor,
commend; applaud, extol, com-
pliment.
ANT. Decry, blame, censure,
reprove, disparage, depreciate,
discredit, traduce, condemn.
Pray. Ask, beg, beseech, entreat,
implore, invoke, petition, sup-
plicate, request, importune, bid,
plead, call upon, conjure.
Precarious. Doubtful, dubious,
hazardous, perilous, risky, in-
secure, uncertain, unsettled, un-
steady, unstable, unassured.
ANT. Firm, settled, stable,
sure, certain, real, undoubted,
unquestionable, actual, assured,
immutable, incontestable, unde-
niable, infallible, strong, steady.
Precaution. Foresight, prudence,
forethought, providence, wari-
ness, care.
ANT. Thoughtlessness, im-
[ 232 1
[pra
providence, carelessness, impru-
dence.
Precedent, n. Example, antece-
dent, case, instance, pattern,,
authority, warrant.
Precept. Commandment, law,
injunction, mandate, rule, di-
rection, principle, maxim; doc-
trine, dogma; order; instruc-
tion.
ANT. Hint, suggestion, allu-
sion, insinuation, prompting,
impulse, instigation.
Precise. Accurate, exact, correct,
definite, scrupulous, punctili-
ous, particular, nice, formal;
explicit, terse.
ANT. Inaccurate, inexact, in-
correct, heedless, careless, in-
cautious, implicit, ambiguous,
circumlocutory, loose, vague, in-
formal, unceremonious.
Predatory. Plundering, pillaging,
ravaging, rapacious, maraud-
ing.
ANT. Protecting, guarding,
watching, keeping, sheltering,
shielding, saving.
Predestination. Fate, neces-
sity, foreknowledge, foreordina-
tion.
ANT. Choice, freedom, free
will, independence, uncertainty,
accident, chance, free agency.
Prediction. Prophecy, prognos-
tication, foreboding, divination,
augury, soothsaying, vaticina-
tion, foretelling, presage.
ANT. Reminiscence, recol-
lection, report; history, nar-
ration, account.
Preface. Introduction, proem,
preamble, prologue, exordium,
prelude.
ANT. Sequel, postscript, ap-
pendix, peroration, epilogue,
conclusion.
Prefer. Choose, elect, select, de-
sire, pick out, fancy, single
out, fix upon; elevate, advance,
pre] AND ANTONYMS
promote; offer, proffer, pre- Presumption. Assumption, ar-
sent, address. rogance, effrontery, audacity,
ANT. Reject, discard, decline, assurance; presupposition, hy-
refuse, repudiate; degrade, de- pothesis, guess, conjecture, be-
press; postpone, defer, with- lief, opinion, judgment, under-
hold. standing, concession, condi-
Prejudice. Bias, partiality, un- tion.
fairness, preconception, pre- ANT. Modesty, deference,
possession, presumption. diffidence, bashfulness, hesita-
ANT. Certainty, evidence, tion; proof, deduction, demon-
proof, conviction, conclusion, stration, verification, certainty f
demonstration, reason, reason- fact.
ing. Pretend. Claim, represent, al-
Preliminary. Prior, introduc- lege, simulate, feign, profess;
tory, preparatory, prefatory, counterfeit.
proemial, previous, precedent, ANT. Verify, substantiate,
antecedent. refute, detect, expose, unmask,
ANT. Subsequent, follow- test.
ing, consequent, appended, suc- Pretense. Disguise, excuse, af-
ceeding. fectation, mask, show, preten-
Premium. Reward, remunera- sion, semblance, wile, trick,
tion, recompense, prize, bonus, subterfuge, simulation, ruse,
bounty, guerdon, meed, bribe, assumption, pretext, seeming,
douceur, enhancement, gratuity. dissimulation, air, cloak, color.
ANT. Penalty, fine, mulct, ANT. Candor, sincerity, in-
amercement, forfeiture, depre- genuousness, frankness, hon-
ciation, decline, fall, loss. esty, truth, openness, reality,
Preposterous. Irrational, fool- simplicity, guilelessness, fact,
ish, monstrous, absurd, per- actuality.
verted, extravagant, ridicu- Prevalence. Success, superior-
lous, exorbitant. ity, predominance, preponder-
ANT. Reasonable, moderate, ance; influence, force, power,
right, just, due, fair, judicious, strength, efficacy; universality,
mediocre, commonplace. extension, acceptation, custom,
Presence. Person, personality, operation.
individuality, port, mien, ap- ANT. Decay, desuetude, dis-
pearance, nearness, immedi- appearance, evanescence, sub-
acy; vicinity, neighborhood. ordination, collapse, destruc-
ANT. Absence, distance, re- tion, abolition, subsidence, sub-
moteness, separation; society, jection, diminution.
world; temperament, charac- Previous. Antecedent, before,
ter. earlier, precedent, preliminary,
Preservation. Security, safety, introductory, prior, preceding,
maintenance, conservation, in- front, forward, former, fore-
tegrity, protection, care, guar- going, anterior.
dianship, watch and ward, ANT. After, concluding, fol-
soundness. lowing, consequent, later, pos-
ANT. Exposure, abandon- terior, latter, succeeding, sub-
ment, impairment, peril, dam- sequent, hindmost, hinder,
age, injury. hind.

I 233
pri] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pro

Price. Expense, outlay, worth, tude, uprightness, probity, vir-

expenditure, value, charge, tue, worth, honor.
cost. ANT. Result, sequence, devel-
Pride. Arrogance, insolence, re- opment, issue; application, ac-
serve, haughtiness, self-esteem, tion, operation, exercise, mani-
presumption, superciliousness, festation, exhibition; iniquity,
vanity, ostentation, conceit, immorality.
self-respect, self-exaltation, dis- Prize. Trophy, honor, reward,
dain, vainglory, self-conceit, premium, guerdon, palm, laur-
self-complacency. els; capture; gain, advantage;
ANT. Humility, lowliness, spoil, plunder, booty.
modesty, self-distrust, meek- ANT. Loss, failure, fine, for-
ness, self -abasement. feiture; brand, stigma, infamy.
Primary. First, fundamental, Probation. Examination, trial,
primitive, original, prepara- ordeal, test, assay, proof, ex-
tory; chief, principal, pristine; periment.
elementary, leading. ANT. License, irresponsi-
ANT. Secondary, posterior, bility,non-probation.
subsequent, later, following; Proclaim. Publish, announce,
unimportant, subordinate, in- declare, promulgate, herald, ad-
ferior; supplemental, auxiliary. vertise, enunciate, utter, blaze
Prime, n. Perfection, culmina- abroad, report, make known.
tion, apex, zenith; dawn, open- ANT. Silence, repress, sup-
ing, youth, spring, beginning; press, conceal, secrete; retract,
cream, flower. recall.
ANT. Wane, winter, even- Prodigal, a. Extravagant, pro-
ing ; decadence, decay. fuse, lavish, bountiful, waste-
Primeval. Immemorial, orig- ful,squandering.
inal, old, primal, patriarchal, ANT. Economical, thrifty,
native, primitive, pristine, un- saving, frugal; close, miserly,
created, ancient, aboriginal, au- niggardly.
tochthonic, indigenous, prime, Profession. Avowal, declara-
primary, primordial. tion, claim; occupation, voca-
ANT. Foreign, fresh, late, tion, employment; law, theol-
modern, new, novel, recent, ex- ogy, or medicine; assertion, ac-
otic, adventitious. knowledgment; representation,
Principal. Highest, most im- pretense, protestation.
portant, chief, main; leading, ANT. Denial, concealment,
foremost, preeminent, capital, suppression; retraction, recan-
essential; primary, first. tation, disavowal; leisure, fad,
ANT.Subordinate, inferior, hobby, avocation; trade, busi-
secondary, auxiliary, supple- ness.
mental, minor, dependent, sub- Proficient. Expert, adept, skil-
servient, ancillary. ful, skilled, competent, conver-
Principle. Source, cause, ori- sant, qualified, practiced, ac-
gin; faculty, endowment; pos- complished, finished, trained.
tulate, truth, maxim, axiom; ANT. Unskilled, inexpert,
rule, law; element; doctrine, awkward, ignorant, backward,
dogma, opinion ; ground, mo- inconversant, incompetent, un-
tive, reason; integrity, recti- trained, unpracticed, inept.
[ 234 ]
pro] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pro

Profit. Gain, advantage, bene- Prolix. Long, diffuse, tiresome,

fit, emolument, improvement, prolonged, protracted; wordy,
proceeds, utility, usefulness, re- verbose, prosaic, rambling, dis-
turns, value, receipts, avail, cursive; tedious, wearisome.
expediency, good, service. ANT. Condensed, terse, con-
ANT. Damage, destruction, cise, brief, laconic, curt, epi-
harm, hurt, loss, injury, waste, grammatic.
ruin, detriment, disadvantage. Prominent. Projecting, mani-
Profitable. Lucrative, beneficial, fest,protuberant, conspicuous;
useful, advantageous, produc- eminent, distinguished, famous,
tive, desirable, gainful, remun- celebrated, important, main,
erative. principal, leading, characteris-
ANT. Useless, vain, fruit- tic.
less, unproductive, unremuner- ANT. Receding, hollowed,
ative, unprofitable, undesirable, concave, indented, engraved;
disadvantageous, detrimental, insignificant, secondary, unim-
unbeneficial. portant, minor, indistinguish-
Profound. Deep, descending ; able, indistinct, subordinate, in-
thorough ;fathomless, abys- conspicuous, trivial, immate-
mal ; mysterious, abstruse, oc- rial, unessential.
cult, obscure, recondite; com- Promote. Encourage, forward,
plete ; penetrating, intimate, foster, push, advance, aid, as-
intense, philosophical. sist, foment, excite, furth'er,
ANT. Superficial, shallow, help, raise, urge forward, urge
commonplace, external, slight, on, elevate, exalt.
apparent, obvious, incomplete; ANT. Abase, allay; hinder,
surface. prevent, foil, frustrate.
Progress. Advance, advance- Prompt. Ready, quick, agile,
ment, attainment, increase, im- alert, nimble, expedi-
brisk,
provement, proficiency, progres- tious; willing, hasty, inclined,
sion, growth, development. disposed, responsive, unhesitat-
ANT. Delay, check, retro- ing.
gression, stay, stop, stoppage, ANT. Dilatory, slow, tardy,
falling off, relapse, decline, lingering, loitering, inactive,
falling back. sluggish, unready, unrespon-
Prohibit. Forbid, hinder, in- sive, procrastinating, behind-
hibit, interdict, preclude, pre- hand, backward.
vent, debar, disallow. Pronounce. Deliver, speak, ut-
ANT. Allow, empower, let, ter, articulate, enunciate; de-
license, order, require, sanction, clare, affirm; propound, assert,
authorize, command, direct, en- express.
join, permit, warrant, suffer, ANT. Mispronounce, gab-
tolerate, put up with, give per- ble, mumble; silence, suppress;
mission, give consent, consent deny, retract.
to. Propagate. Increase, diffuse,
Prolific. Fertile, fruitful, pro- disseminate, promote; spread,
ductive, generating, teeming, extend, generate, promulgate,
active. circulate.
ANT. Barren, sterile, unpro- ANT. Strangle, stifle, extin-
ductive, unfruitful, effete. guish, suppress, repress, check t
[ 235 ]
pro] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [pro

hush up; contract, diminish, tion, abjuration, disavowal, rev-

reduce; contradict, deny. ocation.
Proper. Own, individual, pecul- Prosperity. Thrift, weal, wel-
iar, particular; right, fit, de- fare, happiness, well-being, suc-
cent; personal, constitutional, cess, good fortune.
special, specific; suitable, ap- ANT. Woe, misfortune, ill

propriate, seemly, legitimate ; luck, failure, adversity, calam-

decent, respectable. ity, reverses, affliction, distress,
ANT. Common, universal, disaster, misery.
general; unfitting, inappropri- Protest, v. Assert, aver, attest,
ate, unsuitable, unseemly, inde- testify; affirm, declare; assev-
cent, wrong, improper, unbe- erate, avow, profess; expostu-
coming, unbefitting. late, remonstrate, repudiate,
Propitiation. Expiation, sat- deprecate, denounce.
isfaction, atonement, reconcili- ANT. Retract, utithdraic, ab-
ation. jure, revoke; coincide, sanction,
ANT. Reprobation, retribu- agree, endorse, subscribe, ac-
tion, vengeance, wrath, aliena- quiesce.
tion, estrangement, curse, pen- Protract. Defer, continue, delay,
alty, punishment, offense, con- extend, elongate, lengthen, pro-
demnation, chastisement. crastinate, postpone, prolong,
Propitious. Auspicious, kind, draw out.
benign, gracious, friendly, be- ANT. Abbreviate, contract,
nignant, clement, kindly, fa- conclude, hasten, hurry, reduce,
vorable, merciful. shorten, abridge, curtail, limit.
ANT.Adverse, antagonistic, Proud. Arrogant, haughty, pre-
hostile, unfriendly,
repellent, sumptuous, lordly; worthy, ad-
unpropitious, unfavorable, ill- mirable, grand, splendid, mag-
disposed, forbidding, inauspi- nificent, ostentatious lofty, su-
;

cious. percilious, imperious, boast-

Proportion. Ratio, symmetry, ful, elated, imposing, vainglo-
relation, harmony, share, lot; rious.
equality, similarity ; adjust- ANT. Humble, unassuming,
ment, distribution; arrange- unobtrusive, meek, lowly, mild,
ment, adaptation. submissive, unpretending, def-
ANT. Disproportion, dispar- erential, affable, unpresuming,
ity, disorder, incongruity, dis- mean.
crepancy, absurdity, contrari- Proverb. Axiom, byword, dic-
ety. tum, adage, aphorism, maxim,
Proposal. Bid, offer, overture, motto, precept, truism, saying,
proposition. saw, apothegm.
ANT. Acceptance, denial, re- Provide. Prepare, supply, af-
fusal, rejection, repulse, disap- ford, contribute, furnish; en-
proval. gage, bargain, agree stipulate ;
;

Proposition. Proposal, state- procure.

ment, offer, declaration; over- ANT. Neglect, withhold, re-
ture, suggestion, proffer, ten- fuse, mismanage, appropriate,
der; position, thesis, dictum, overlook; divert, alienate, mis-
assertion, affirmation, doctrine. use; fail, disappoint.
ANT. Withdrawal, recanta- Provocation. Vexation, incite-
[ 2.18 1
pro] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ment, stimulus, incentive;
front, insult, offense, indig-
nity.
ANT. Pacification, mitiga- Pupil. Learner, disciple, student,
tion, assuagement; deference, novice, ward, tyro.
compliment, homage, honor, re-
spect.
Prowess. Heroism, valor, gal-
lantry, bravery, courage, in-
trepidity.
ANT. Fear, effeminacy, ti-
midity, cowardice, cowardli-
ness, pusillanimity.
Prudence. Discretion, frugal-
ity, forethought, judgment, ju-
diciousness, providence, care,
caution, foresight, wisdom, con-
sideration, carefulness, circum-
spection.
ANT. Folly, heedlessness,
prodigality, recklessness, indis-
cretion, wastefulness, improvi-
dence, imprudence, thoughtless-
ness, rashness.
Prudent. Cautious, considerate,
judicious, provident; circum-
spect, sagacious, wise, discreet;
frugal, economical, thrifty.
ANT. Reckless, inconsider-
ate, improvident, wasteful, ex-
travagant, lavish, prodigal; in-
discreet, unwise; foolish, rash,
imprudent, audacious.
Public. Common, general, popu-
lar, social, open; notorious.
ANT. Private, individual,
cret, domestic, secluded, close,
personal.
Punctilious. Exact, particular,
precise, careful, nice, scrupu-
lous, conscientious ; punctual,
ceremonious.
ANT. Careless, slovenly, un-
scrupulous; informal, uncere-
monious.
Puny. Small, feeble, inferior,
petty; weak, diminutive, unde-
veloped, dwarfed, stunted, un-
dersized, tiny.
af- ANT. Large, great, rolu-st,
developed, fine, vigorous; colos-
sal, gigantic.
ANT. Teacher, master, profi-
cient, scholar, adept; guardian.
Purchase, v. Buy, obtain, pro-
cure, secure, acquire, bargain
for, barter for, get.
ANT. Exchange, sell, barter,
dispose of, put to sale.
Pure. Innocent, unsullied, spot-
less, unspotted, stainless, true,
guiltless, incorrupt, clean, gen-
uine, chaste, guileless, classic,
classical, holy, immaculate, vir-
tuous, real, sheer, mere, simple,
unmixed, unpolluted, unadul-
terated, unmingled, undefiled,
unblemished, uncorrupted, un-
stained, untainted, untarnished,
upright, perfect.
ANT. Impure, indecent, pol-
luted, foul, tainted, unchaste,
immodest, lewd, obscene, indeli-
cate, defiled, dirty, filthy, gross,
mixed, stained, sullied, unclean,
tarnished, adulterated.
Purpose, n. Design, end, inten-
tion, aim, scope, meaning, ob-
ject, plan, intention, purport,
effect, project.
ANT. Lot, chance, accident,
haphazard, casualty, fate.
se- Put. Deposit, place, set, lay;
cause, produce, propose, state;
attach, attribute, assign; as-
sume, suppose; entice, con-
strain.
ANT. Remove, raise, with-
draw, displace, transpose, trans-
fer, change.
Putrid. Decayed, decomposed,
rotten, stinking, putrefied, foul,
offensive.
ANT. Clean, sweet, whole-
some, fragrant, pure, healthful,
fresh.
[ 237 ]
 qua] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Quaint. Odd, antique; curious,
fanciful, affected, whimsical ; vestigation, examination ; ex-
archaic, singular, unusual an- ;
tiquated, extraordinary, droll.
ANT. Commonplace, usual,
ordinary, common; fashionable,
modish, modern.
'Quality. Property, peculiarity,
sort, disposition, temper; char-
acter, attribute, rank, part, po-
sition; characteristic; acquisi-
tion; nature, trait, mood, con-
dition, station, capacity, ten-
dency.
ANT. Negation, heterogene-
ity, anomalousness, lack of dis-
tinction, nondescript, weakness,
ineffectiveness, incapacity, dis-
qualification.
Quantity. Greatness, measure,
amount, bulk, extent, size, ag-
gregate, length, duration, con-
tent, comprehensiveness.
ANT. Scantiness, want, de-
ficiency, margin, deterioration,
diminution, waste, wear, loss.
Queer. Curious, bizarre, droll,
comical, odd, peculiar, quaint,
strange, uncommon, unusual,
whimsical, singular, ridiculous,
anomalous, fantastic, funny, er-
ratic, extraordinary, ludicrous,
grotesque, laughable, preposter-
ous, unique, unmatched, eccen-
tric, crotchety.
ANT. Common, customary,
normal, ordinary, usual, regu-
lar, familiar, natural.
Querimonious, Querulous. La-
menting, complaining, whining,
bewailing, mourning, murmur-
ing, discontented, dissatisfied,
malcontent.
ANT. Contented, easy, uncom-
plaining, satisfied, complacent,
cheerful, genial, good-tempered.
Query, Question, n. Inquiry,
doubt; point, topic, subject;
[ 238
[qui
Q
dispute, discussion, debate; in-
perimentation, scrutiny, inter-
rogation.
ANT. Solution, explanation,
answer, reply, response; conces-
sion, admission.
Question, v. Ask, interrogate,
catechize, doubt, controvert, dis-
pute; examine, converse with;
call in question ; inquire, inves-
tigate, query, tlubitate.
ANT. Answer, reply, satisfy,
respond.
Quick. Speedy, expeditious, ac-
tive, rapid, nimble, fleet, alert,
lively, sprightly; alive, living,
animate; agile, brisk, ready;
hasty, swift; impatient, eager,
passionate ; fresh, bracing, keen,
sharp ; sensitive, perceptive, in-
telligent.
ANT. Slow, tardy, inactive,
inert, sluggish, dull, insensitive,
deliberate, gradual, moderate,
late, unready, dilatory, slack,
unresponsive, lingering, heavy,
stupid, wearisome.
Quicken. Hasten, hurry, accel-
erate, despatch, drive, expedite,
facilitate, further, speed, urge,
promote, advance, make haste,
press forward.
ANT. Hinder, impede, check,
obstruct, retard, clog, delay.
Quiet, n. Rest, repose, tranquil-
lity, silence, calm, peace, still-
ness.
ANT. Tumult, noise, shout-
ing, action, commotion, activ-
ity, storm; unrest, excitement,
agitation, disturbance, turmoil.
Quiet, a. Tranquil, unruffled,
smooth, unmolested, peaceful,
undisturbed, peaceable, calm,
patient, contented, hushed,
still, placid; gentle, mild, un-
demonstrative, meek.
]
quo] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [rap

ANT. Turbulent, tumultu- Quote. Cite, recite, plagiarize,

ous, uproarious, disturbed, agi- repeat, excerpt, extract, para-
tated, wild, excited, violent, un- phrase.
easy, boisterous, restless, con- ANT. Suppress, ignore, di*~
futed, noisy. dain, omit.

R
Babble. Mob, crowd, people, pop- bring up, incite, start; utter,
ulace; herd, the masses, mul- summon; cultivate.
titudes, commonalty ; scum, ANT.Depress, lower, drop,
dregs. sink, doion; degrade, dis-
let
ANT. Aristocracy, nobility, grace; debase, humble, reduce}
elite, galaxy. lessen, diminish, decrease.
Racy. Lively, piquant, pungent, Ramble. Rove, roam, wander,
spicy, spirited, forcible, flavor- range, stroll, saunter, straggle,
ous, rich. stray.
ANT. Flat, cold, flavorless, ANT. Speed, hasten, drive,
insipid, stale, stupid, tasteless, run, proceed, rush, hurry.
dull, prosy, vapid. Random, a. Chance, haphazard,
Radiant. Lustrous, brilliant, fortuitous, casual, wandering,
splendid, gorgeous, glittering, stray, wild, aimless, purpose-
glaring, radiating, beaming, re- less, unpremeditated, acciden-
splendent, shining, sparkling, tal, vague.
luminous, effulgent, glorious. ANT. Aimed, intended, con-
ANT. Dull, dark, somber, trolled, purposed, deliberate,
murky, lusterless, non-lumi- designed, intentional, regular,
nous, sunless, shadowy, lurid, systematic, planned.
cloudy, gloomy, obscure, over- Ransom, v. Redeem, liberate,,
cast, ebon, black. rescue, deliver, release, emanci-
Radical. Fundamental, innate, pate, indemnify.
essential, native, natural, orig- ANT. Hold for ransom, kid-
inal, organic, primitive ; entire, nap, imprison, hold as hostage,
complete, extreme, thorough, indict, fine, mulct, prosecute.
positive, perfect, thorough-go- Rapid. Swift, quick, fast, fleet,
ing, total; ingrained, constitu- hasty, brisk, expeditious, hur-
tional. ried.
ANT. Superficial, tentative, ANT. Slow, deliberate, cum-
trial; inadequate, incomplete, brous, lazy,retarded, moder-
moderate, partial, palliative, ate, gradual, dilatory, linger-
slighl; conservative. ing, tardy.
liaise. Lift, elevate, heave; ex- Rapidity. Rapidness, haste, ce-
alt, advance, enhance increase,
; lerity, speed, velocity, agility,
excite, aggravate, intensify, swiftness, fleetness, quickness,
heighten, set upright; awaken, despatch.
arouse, originate, produce, ef- ANT. Sloioness. dilatoriness,
fect, cause; build, erect; levy, tardiness, delay, deliberateness^
collect; propagate, breed, rear; moderation.
[ 239 ]
Tar] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Hare. Curious, extraordinary,
incomparable, odd, peculiar, re-
markable, precious, scarce, sin-
gular, strange, uncommon, un-
usual, unprecedented, unique,
unparalleled, infrequent.
ANT. General, usual, nor-
mal.
Hash. Precipitate, headlong, in-
discreet, foolhardy, hasty, heed-
less, thoughtless, incautious,
careless, inconsiderate, unwary.
ANT. Cautious, wary, dis-
creet, thoughtful, prudent, cel-
culating; timid, hesitating, re-
luctant.
Bational. Sane, sound, intelli-
gent, reasonable, sensible, wise,
discreet, judicious; reasoning,
intellectual ; sagacious, equi-
table, enlightened.
ANT. Irrational, insane, un-
sound, foolish, absurd, injudi-
cious, unreasonable, preposter-
ous, unintelligent, extravagant.
Haw. Unprepared, uncooked,
immature, unripe, unseasoned,
inexperienced, unpracticed, un-
tried, unwrought, unfinished ;
bare, galled; chilly, bleak.
ANT. Cooked, dressed, pre-
pared, developed, mature, ripe,
mellow, seasoned, practiced, ex-
perienced, tried, tested, expert,
habituated, familiar, trained;
healed; genial, balmy.
Heach. Attain, arrive, get
enter, land, come to, gain.
ANT. Depart, leave, set out, Reason, n. Cause, ground, aim,
weigh anchor, embark, start,
go, go away, set sail.
Heady. Prompt, expeditious,
speedy, unhesitating, dexter-
ous, apt, skilled, handy, expert,
facile, easy, opportune, fitted,
prepared, disposed, free, will-
ing, cheerful.
ANT. Tardy, slow, inexpedi-
tious, hesitating, clumsy, inept,
unskilled, inexpert, hard,
[rea
cult, inopportune, unfit, ill-pre-
pared, unwilling, reluctant, un-
responsive, unaccommodating.
Heal. Actual, veritable, genu-
ine, demonstrable, substantial,
authentic, certain ; developed,
essential, positive; true, un-
questionable.
ANT. Illusory, imaginary,
unreal, untrue, supposititious,
fictitious, hypothetical, fabu-
lous, fanciful, conceived, sup-
posed, feigned, reported, vision-
ary, theoretical.
Reality. Verity, actuality, sub-
stance, truth, genuineness, au-
thenticity, fact, substantiality,
existence.
ANT. Fiction, falsehood, un-
truth, myth, imagination, fab-
rication, fancy, supposition,
unreality, chimera, vision, hy-
pothesis, hollowness.
Realm. Domain, kingdom, re-
gion, province, country, depart-
ment, empire, state; jurisdic-
tion, sovereignty, dominion.
ANT. Anarchy, insurrection;
independence; democracy.
Rear. Lift, elevate, erect, raise,
build, establish, exalt, foster,
construct, breed, educate, in-
struct, train, discipline, cher-
ish.
ANT. Tear down, degrade,
undermine, depress, overthrow;
to, destroy, kill, demolish, subvert,
stifle, extinguish.
motive, account, argument, de-
sign, consideration, end, object,
purpose, principle.
ANT. Pretext, pretense, fal-
sification; unreason, unreason-
ableness, irrationality, absurd-
ity, fallacy.
Reason, v. Debate, demonstrate,
argue, contend, discuss, prove,
establish, question, controvert,
diffi- wrangle, dispute.
[ 240 ]
rea] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [rec

ANT. Quibble, pervert, equiv- ANT. Overlook, repudiate,

ocate, evade, mystify ; cavil, re- disown, ignore, disavow, dis*
fine; misrepresent; dictate, as- claim.
sert. Reconcile. Placate, propitiate,
Reasoning. Argument, argu- pacify, appease; conciliate, re-
mentation, debate, ratiocina- unite, content, harmonize; ad-
tion. just, settle,compose.
ANT. Sophistry, instinct, in- ANT. Separate, sever, alien'
tuition, presentiment. ate, estrange, disaffect.
Rebellious. Intractable, refrac- Reconciliation. Reconcilement,
tory, seditious, unmanageable, reunion, pacification, appease-
contumacious, disobedient, in- ment, propitiation, atonement,
subordinate, mutinous, ungov- expiation; adjustment, restora-
ernable, uncontrollable. tion,harmony.
ANT. Deferential, compli- ANT. Separation, estrange-
ant, docile, manageable, obedi- ment, alienation, disaffection.
ent, submissive, subservient, Record. Account, entry, enrol-
yielding, tractable, gentle, con- ment, catalogue, enumeration,
trollable, dutiful. inventory, register, roll; ar-
Recant. Retract, revoke, recall, chive, chronicle, document, his-
abjure, disown, disavow, re- tory, inscription, instrument,
nounce. memorandum, memorial, muni-
ANT. Profess, confess, as- ment, schedule, scroll.
sert, declare, enunciate, main- Recover. Cure, heal, retrieve,
tain, hold; vindicate. restore; be cured or healed, re-
Reception. Admission, receipt; cruit, recuperate, resume; re-
entertainment acceptance, cre-
; animate, repossess.
dence; welcome. ANT. Relapse, sink, die, fail,
ANT. Rejection, dismissal, grow worse.
repudiation, denial, protest, re- Recovery. Repossession, resump-
nunciation, disavowal. tion recruiting, healing, resto-
;

Recite. Describe, recapitulate, ration; regaining, recupera

detail, number; repeat, deliver, tion, convalescence, retrieval,
rehearse; relate, narrate, re- redemption, resuscitation, re-
count; quote; count, enumer- vival vindication, reinstate-
;

ate, tell. ment, reestablishment.

ANT. Misquote, garble, fal- ANT. Loss, forfeiture, pri-
sify, misrepresent, pervert; for- vation, damage, ruin, destruc-
get, fail. tion, waste : illness, relapse, de-
Reckless. Mindless, negligent, clension, incurableness, hope-
thoughtless, regardless, uncon- lessness.
cerned, inattentive, remiss, im- Recreation. Sport, amusement,
provident, rash, inconsiderate. diversion, refreshment, reani-
ANT. Circumspect, careful, mation; holiday, pastime, re-
wary, thoughtful, mindful, at- laxation.
tentive, considerate, provident, ANT. Toil, labor, work, in-
prudent, calculating. dustry, employment, fatigue,
Recognize. Acknowledge, con- weariness, lassitude, exhaus-
fess, own, allow, concede, iden- tion.
tify, avow. Rectitude. Justice, honesty, up-
red] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [reh

Tightness, fairness, integrity, prove, restore, reclaim, mend;

straightforwardness, conscien-
tiousness, equity.
ANT. Iniquity, wrong, injus-
tice, immorality, corruption,
dishonesty, duplicity, under-
handedness.
Redemption. Ransom, release,
rescue, retrieval, recovery, de-
liverance, liberation, salvation;
discharge, fulfilment ; atone-
ment, compensation.
ANT. Abandonment, forfeit-
ure, sacrifice, betrayal, depriva-
tion, desertion.
Reduce. Lessen, decrease, cur-
tail, abate, shorten, impair,
lower, subjugate, subject; di-
minish, attenuate, abridge, con-
tract; subdue.
ANT. Magnify, augment, ex-
pand, amplify, exalt, raise, in-
vigorate, promote, restore, re-
pair, renovate, transform.
Redundant. Exuberant, super-
abundant, overflowing, pleo-
nastic ;superfluous, excessive,
copious, plentiful; unneces-
sary.
ANT. Requisite, necessary,
sufficient, enough; scanty, de-
ficient, scarce, wanting, lack-
ing, incomplete, inadequate, in-
sufficient.
Refinement. Culture, elegance,
cultivation, civilization,
liteness.
ANT. Coarseness, grossness,
rudeness, rusticity, barbarism,
boorishness, brutality, clown-
ishness, savagery, vulgarity.
Reflect. Consider, think, cogi-
tate, meditate, contemplate, ru-
remodel.
ANT. Corrupt, impair, viti-
ate, deteriorate, deform; spoil,
deprave, pollute, defile, injure,
contaminate.
Refuge. Shelter, asylum, re-
treat, covert; protection, sanc-
tuary, stronghold, defense; hid-
ing-place, harbor.
ANT. Exposure, peril, snare,
menace, pitfall, danger, threat.
Regard, v. Consider, observe, re-
mark, heed, mind, respect* es-
teem, estimate, value; attend,
notice; contemplate; revere,
reverence.
ANT. Overlook, disregard,
miss, neglect, omit; misprize;
dislike, hate, loathe; contemn.
Regret, n. Grief, concern, sor-
row, lamentation, repentance,
penitence, self-condemnation;
compunction, remorse, contri-
tion.
ANT. Joy, exultation, hap-
piness, delight, self-gratula*
tion, approbation; praise, com-
mendation; felicitation.
Regular. Orderly, methodical;
conformable, agreeing; gov-
erned, subject; normal; consti-
tuted, selected; customary, sys-
tematic, stated, established, pe-
riodical, recognized, formal, re-
po- current, certain.
ANT. Unusual, exceptional,
rare, irregular, abnormal, ec-
centric, capricious, variable,
uncertain, erratic.
Regulation. Rule, method, prin-
ciple, precept;adjustment, dis-
posal arrangement, ordering,
;

minate, ponder, muse; animad- disposition, government, con-

vert. trol.
ANT. dream, imagine,
Idle, ANT. Disorder, anarchy, li-

fancy, wander, rove; disregard, misgovernment, misrule,

cense,
neglect. non-regulation, cap-rice, malad-
Reform, v. Amend, correct, rec- justment, derangement.
tify, emend, repair, better, im- Rehearse. Recapitulate, detail,
[ 242 ]
rej] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
recount, describe, tell narrate,
; forsake, abandon, renounce, de-
repeat, recite, relate; practice.
ANT. Misrepresent; act, per-
form, pla;/.
Rejoice. Delight, joy, exult, tri-
umph, please, cheer, exhilarate,
gladden, transport, charm, en-
liven, gratify, make happy.
ANT. Mourn,
grieve, weep,
lament, pain, distress, defeat,
sadden, deaden, vex, annoy, op-
press, afflict, trouble,
burden, deject.
Relation. Recital, rehearsal, ac-
count, narration, tale, narra-
tive, detail, description; kin-
dred, affinity, consanguinity,
kinsman, kinswoman; connec-
tion, association, pertinency,
relevancy, agreement.
ANT. Action, happening, oc-
currence; alien, stranger, for-
eigner; absoluteness, disagree-
ment, dissociation, disconnec-
tion, irrelevancy.
Belease, v.
Discharge, extricate,
disengage, quit, acquit; free,
loose, liberate; exempt, indem-
nify; deliver, remit.
ANT. Hold, bind, constrain,
confine, fetter, shackle, fine,
imprison, sentence, condemn.
Relief. Alleviation, mitigation,
aid, help, succor, assistance, re-
dress, remedy, indemnification;
exemption, deliverance, refresh-
ment, support, comfort.
ANT. Oppression,
tion, aggravation, severity, cru-
elty; weariness, discomfort, ex-
haustion.
Religion. Devotion, faith, pi-
ety, righteousness, holiness, mo-
rality, godliness, pietism, wor- Remote. Removed, far, distant;
ship, theology.
ANT. Irreligion, atheism, un-
belief, blasphemy, impiety, god-
lessness, profanity, sacrilege,
ungodliness, wickedness.
Relinquish. Resign, leave, quit,
[rem
sert, forbear, forego; surrender,
discontinue.
ANT. Retain, hold, Iceep, de-
tain, preserve, support, cling to,
sustain, maintain; continue, be
constant to, persevere, persist.
Reluctant. Loath, slow, disin
clined, indisposed, averse, back-
ward, opposed, unwilling.
ANT. Eager, favorable, will-
depress, ing, inclined, desirous, disposed.
Remain. Wait, tarry, rest, so-
journ, last, dwell stay, abide,
;
continue, endure; survive, out-
live.
ANT. Leave, abandon, depart,
remove, go, disappear, flit; die,
pass.
Remark. Comment, note, obser-
vation, utterance, annotation.
Remarkable. Observable, rare,
noticeable, extraordinary, un-
usual, strange, wonderful, not-
able, eminent: distinguished,
famous, prominent, conspicu-
ous; singular, peculiar, individ-
ual.
ANT. Ordinary, usual, com-
monplace, mediocre, everyday,
common, general.
Remembrance. Memory, recol-
memento,
lection, reminiscence;
souvenir, memorandum, memo-
rial, token.
ANT. Oblivion, forgetful-
ness.
persecu- Reminiscence. Memory, recol-
lection, remembrance; remnant,
relic, trace.
ANT. Oblivion, forgetful-
ness; announcement, warning,
suggestion, prognostic.
irrelevant, not related foreign, ;
indirect, unconnected, alien, un-
allied; separate, abstract.
ANT. Near, close, direct, re-
lated, connected, contiguous,
immediate; present, pressing.
I 243 ]
ren] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [rep

urgent; proximate; essential, contrition, self-condemnation,

important.
Rend. Burst, break, rip, sever,
mangle, rupture, sunder, tear,
lacerate, rive, slit.
ANT. Mend, reunite, secure,
unite, weld, heal, join, solder,
sew, stitch.
Render. Return, pay back, re-
store; requite; give up, yield,
surrender; furnish, contribute,
deliver ; translate, interpret,
set forth, exhibit, try out; ap-
portion, give, present, assign.
ANT. Keep, withhold, appro-
priate, retain, refuse, use, ap-
ply, employ; alienate, misap-
portion.
Renounce. Abandon, abjure, de-
ny, disavow, disown, forswear,
disclaim, retract, repudiate, re-
voke, recall, refuse, reject, dis-
card, recant.
ANT. Advocate, avow, claim,
assert, defend, hold, proclaim,
own, acknowledge, cherish, re-
tain, uphold, vindicate, main-
tain.
Renown. Fame, distinction, no-
tice, repute, name, reputation,
celebrity, honor, glory, emi-
nence.
ANT. Disgrace, shame, dis-
honor, disrepute, discredit, deg-
radation, taint, stain, brand.
Renunciation. Denial, disown-
ment, renouncement, disclaim-
er, rejection, abjuration, recan-
tation, abandonment.
ANT. Maintenance, support,
vindication, assertion, defense,
apology, justification.
Repeat. Reiterate, renew, re-
late, recapitulate, recite, repro-
duce, rehearse, renovate.
ANT. Discontinue, drop, end,
finish, stop, cease, break off, in-
terrupt.
Repentance. Penitence, regret,
remorse, sorrow, compunction,
[ 244
contriteness.
ANT. Impenitence, obsti-
nacy, obduracy; comfort, com-
placency, approval, hardness,
content, self-approval, self-
complacency, self-congratula-
tion; stubbornness.
Repletion. Fulness, superabun-
dance, plethora, abundance, am-
plitude, sufficiency, enough.
ANT. Scarcity, want, lack,
insufficiency, need.
Reply. Answer, respond, rejoin,
replicate.
ANT. Question, query, ask,
inquire; disregard, pass, drop,
ignore.
Report. Account, description,
narration, narrative, recital, re-
hearsal, relation, record, tale.,
rumor, statement, story.
ANT. Allegory, fabrication,
fiction.
Repose, n. Rest, recumbency,
reclination, ease, quiet, quiet-
ness, tranquillity, peace; calm-
ness, quiescence.
ANT. Unrest, agitation, tu-
mult, movement, restlessness,
turmoil, commotion, distrac-
tion.
Represent. Present anew, por-
tray, typify, delineate; person-
ate, act; perform; depict, de-
scribe, show, exhibit.
ANT. Misrepresent; falsify,
caricature, distort.
Reproach, n. Disrepute, oppro-
brium, discredit, dishonor, in-
vective, contumely, reviling, vil-
ification, abuse, scurrility, inso-
lence, insult, scorn, contempt,
ignominy, shame, scandal, dis-
grace, infamy.
ANT. Approbation, satisfac-
tion, praise, encouragement, ex-
altation, commendation, honor,
applause, eulogy, assent, accep-
tance, approval.
]
rep] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [res

Reproach, -w. Chide, rebuke, re- give, excuse, neglect, pardon,

vile, condemn, vilify; blame,
censure, taunt, upbraid, re-
prove.
ANT. Praise, approve, com-
mend, laud, applaud, eulogize.
Reproof. Comment, criticism,
disapproval, chiding, reproach,
upbraiding, reproval, admoni-
tion, animadversion; censure,
blame, condemnation, denunci-
ation, objurgation, reprehen-
sion, rebuke, reprimand;
flection, check.
ANT. Commendation, pane-
gyric, approbation, applause,
approval, encomium, praise, eu-
logy.
Reprove. Admonish, blame, re-
proach, censure, condemn, rep-
rimand, warn, upbraid, chide,
check, chasten, find fault with,
expostulate with, rebuke, repre-
hend, remonstrate with, take to
task.
ANT. Abet, applaud, encour-
age, cheer, countenance, incite,
urge on, impel, instigate, ap-
prove.
Repugnant. Opposite, opposed,
adverse, contrary, inconsistent,
irreconcilable, hostile, inimical;
incompatible, loath ; heteroge-
neous.
ANT. Harmonious, friendly, Resolute.
amicable, wining, consistent,
compatible, congruous; homoge-
neous.
Reputable. Honorable, respec-
table, estimable, creditable.
ANT. Disreputable, disgrace-
ful, dishonorable, discreditable,
despicable.
Requite. Avenge, pay off,
punish, retaliate, revenge; sat-
isfy, settle with, reward, re-
turn, repay, remunerate, rec-
ompense, compensate, recipro-
cate.
ANT. Absolve, acquit,
slight, forget, overlook, pass
over.
Research. Inquiry, scrutiny, ex-
amination, experimentation, ex-
ploration, discovery, investiga-
tion, study, observation.
ANT. Ignorance, oversight,
inobservance ; shallowness, su-
perficiality, sciolism.
Reserve, n. Reservation, reten-
tion, limitation, backwardness,
re- coldness, shyness, coyness, mod-
esty; taciturnity, restraint, re-
pression, constraint.
AXT. Profuseness, prodigal-
ity, diffusion; affability, genial-
ity, cordiality, abandonment,
surrender, openness, frankness,
transparency, indiscretion, vol-
ubility.
Resignation. Relinquishment,
forsaking, abandonment, abdi-
cation, renunciation, endur-
ance; patience, long-suffering,
forbearance; acquiescence, sub-
mission.
ANT. Maintenance, grasp,
resistance, retention, rebellion,
remonstrance, contention, reser-
vation, holding, keeping, retain-
ing, detention; murmuring, dis-
satisfaction, discontent, protes-
tation.
Determined, decided,
fixed, steadfast, constant, per-
severing, firm, bold, unshaken,
steady ; undaunted, unflinch-
ing, stout-hearted.
ANT. Irresolute, timid, hesi-
tating, doubtful, ivavering, vac-
illating, capricious, variable,
weak, undetermined, undecided.
quit, Resources. Expedient, means,
resort, contrivance; supplies,
devices, money, wealth, appli-
ances, funds.
ANT. Destitution, poverty,
indigence, bareness, want, ex-
for- haustion, inanition, lack, drain.
[ 245 ]
res] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [rev

Respectable. Estimable, honor- lease, arouse, aid, emancipate,

able, worthy, considerable, rep- animate, incite, excite, encour-
utable, honest; passable. age, free, impel.
ANT. Unworthy, bad, mean, Result. Consequence, issue, con-
dishonorable, dishonest, paltry, clusion, effect; end, event, ter-
inconsiderable. mination, product, outcome ; in-
Resplendent. Brilliant, splen- ference, deduction ; resolution,
did, glorious, luminous, efful- determination.
gent, gorgeous, shining, glitter- ANT. Cause, beginning, com-
ing, burnished. mencement, rise, origin, ante-
ANT. Dull, tarnished, luster- cedent, prognostic, initiation,
less, somber, dimmed, sullied. premonition, indication.
Best. Pause, peace, quiet, still- Retinue. Attendants, suite, fol-
ness, tranquillity, intermission, lowers, train, retainers, satel-
cessation, ease, calm, peaceful- lites, escort, cortege.
ness, calmness, quiescence, stop, ANT. Solitariness, non-atten-
repose, quietude, quietness, rec- dance.
reation, sleep, slumber. Retirement. Privacy, solitude,
ANT. Agitation, commotion, loneliness, seclusion.
disturbance, excitement, rest- ANT. Company, converse, so~
lessness, strain, stir, tumult, ciety, fellowship, companion-
work, unrest, toil, disquiet, mo- ship, association.
tion, movement, rush. Retribution. Requital, retalia-
Restive. Restless, restiff, fidgety, tion, payment, recompense; re-
fretful, fractious, refractory, payment, compensation, reward,
intractable, impatient, rebel- return penalty, punishment,
;

lious, skittish; resentful, recal- visitation.

citrant, balky, vicious, unruly, ANT. Remission, reprieve;
stubborn, mulish, mutinous, ob- pardon, condonation, sparing.
stinate. Retrospect. Review, survey, re-
ANT. Docile, gentle, submis- consideration, reexamination;
sive, passive, quiet, tractable, recollection, reminiscence, mem-
yielding, obedient, manageable, ory.
peaceable. ANT. Prospect, prophecy, an-
Restore. Return, replace, re- ticipation, forecasting, prognos-
fund, repay, reinstate, rebuild, tication, speculation.
repair, revive, heal, cure, re- Return, v. Turn back, come
cover. back; reply, respond; answer;
ANT. Remove, steal, appro- restore, recompense, remit, ren-
priate, abstract, destroy, shat- der; reappear, recur; revert,
ter, injure, dilapidate, impair; retaliate.
deprive; wound, harm. ANT. Depart, vanish, disap-
Restrain. Constrain, hold in, pear, remove; retain, misappro-
check, repress, circumscribe, priate; withhold.
confine, curb, hinder, hold, hold Revelation. Disclosure, mani-
back, restrict, suppress, with- festation, apocalypse.
hold, bridle, abridge, keep ANT. Concealment, shroud-
back, keep down, keep in, keep ing, veiling, mystery, obscura-
under. tion, cloud, cloudiness, hiding.
ANT. Let loose, set free, re- Revenge. Retaliation, retribu-
[ 246 ]
WT] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [rip

tion, vengeance, avenging, re- dant, copious, bountiful ; fertile,

quital. productive; valued, sumptuous,
ANT. Mercy, pardon, recon- precious, costly; high-seasoned;
ciliation, pity, compassion, ex- luscious; vivid.
cuse, grace, forgiveness. ANT. Poor, indigent, needy,
Bevenue. Income ; taxes, excise, impoverished, destitute, impe-
customs, duties, rents, receipts ; cunious, penniless; lacking,
produce, return, wealth, pro- scanty, scarce, meager; barren,
ceeds. sterile; trivial, worthless, un-
ANT. Outgo, waste, expendi- productive, fruitless, paltry,
ture, expense, deductions, im- valueless; dull, tame, dry.
poverishment. Riches. Opulence, wealth, af-
Beverse, n. Contrary, opposite, fluence, richness, plenty, abun-
counterpart ; change, vicissi- dance.
tude; inversion, counter-posi- ANT. Poverty, want, indi-
tion; derangement, alteration; gence, scarcity, need, lack, im-
rear, back; misfortune, defeat. pecuniosity.
ANT. Obverse, front; order, Biddle. Conundrum, paradox,
arrangement, version, position, problem, puzzle, enigma.
location; continuance, perpet- ANT. Axiom, answer, expla-
uation, identity, stability, reg- nation, solution, proposition.
ularity, uniformity. Ridicule. Derision, raillery,
Bevive. Reanimate, reinvigor- banter, burlesque, irony, satire,
ate; restore, raise, recover, re- mocking, sarcasm, gibe, jeer,
new, recall ; awake, revivify, re- sneer.
suscitate. ANT. Respect, homage, ven-
ANT. Kill, destroy, extin- eration, deference, honor.
guish, discourage; decline, die, Bight, n. Claim, liberty, pre-
droop. rogative, license, privilege, ex-
Revolution. Lawlessness, in- emption, franchise, immunity,
surrection, revolt, riot, sedi- duty, justice, uprightness, in-
tion, anarchy, insubordination, tegrity; title, ownership; in-
rebellion, mutiny, confusion, terest; rectitude, correctness,
disorder, tumult, disintegra- power; propriety, fitness, suit-
tion. ableness.
ANT. Government, submis- ANT. Wrong, falsehood, incor-
sion, obedience, authority, con- rectness, perverseness ; liability,
trol, command, dominion, domi- illegitimacy, non-legality, usur-
nation, law, empire, rule, sov- pation, injustice, impropriety,
ereignity, loyalty, supremacy, unfitness, encroachment, force,
order. violence.
Bevolve. Roll, rotate, turn. Righteous. Holy, uncorrupt,
ANT. Bind, grind, stand, honest, equitable, rightful, up-
slide, slip, stick, chafe. right, virtuous, just, good, con-
Steward, n. Recompense, com- scientious.
pensation, remuneration, pay, ANT. Unholy, corrupt, dis-
requital, retribution, punish- honest, unjust, wicked, evil, un-
ment. scrupulous, vicious, false, un-
Rich. Wealthy, opulent, afflu- principled, profligate.
ent, supplied, abounding; abun- Ripe. Mature, complete, fin-

[ 247 ]
rls] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [nil

ished; perfect, developed, full- ANT. Smooth, plain, level,

grown ; fit, consummate ; pre- polished, flat, glossy, sleek,
pared; full, seasoned, mellow. soft, mild, quiet, refined, ten-
ANT. Raw, unripe, crude, der, gentle; balmy, zephyrlike.
fresK, green, unseasoned, un- Routine. Practice, custom, pro-
prepared. cedure, round, course, wont,
'Rise, v. Arise, issue, flow, pro- order; gradation, rotation, se-
ceed, spring, ascend, emanate. quence, tenor, system, method;
ANT. Descend, drop, fall, go regulation.
down, set, settle, sink, decline. Royal. August, kinglike, ma-
Rival, v. Emulate, antagonize, jestic, munificent, princely, re-
compete with, contend, strive, gal, magnificent, kingly.
oppose, equal. ANT. Beggarly, contempt-
ANT. Surrender, yield, de- ible,mean, poor, servile, slav-
fer, retire. ish, vile.
Bobber. Brigand, marauder, pi- Rude. Rough, uneven, shapeless,
rate, plunderer, thief, burglar, unfashioned, rugged, uncouth,
bandit, highwayman, footpad, inelegant, rustic, vulgar, raw,
despoiler, depredator, raider, clownish, unskilful, untaught,
buccaneer, forager, freebooter. illiterate, ignorant, uncivil,
Robust. Strong, lusty, sinewy, impolite, saucy, impudent, in-
muscular, hale, hearty, vigor- solent, surly, uncivilized, bru-
ous, forceful; healthy, sturdy, tal, barbarous, savage, violent,
sound; violent, rude, rough. fierce, tumultuous, impetuous,
ANT. Puny, weak, delicate, boisterous, inclement, severe.
frail, sickly, emaciated, thin, ANT. Polite, urbane, accom-
slender, gentle, mild, consider- plished, cultivated, courteous,
ate, tender. refined, civil, affable, courtly,
Romantic. Sentimental, fanci- gracious, elegant, polished, well-
ful, fantastic, fictitious, wild, bred, obliging; modest, bash-
extravagant, chimerical. ful; considerate, serene, placid,
ANT. Unromantic, truthful, genial, calm; fashionable, mod-
unvarnished, unadorned, veri- ern, civilized, modish.
fable, actual, real, realistic, Rugged. Rough, uneven, rude,
reasonable. wrinkled, cragged, harsh, hard,
Root. Radix, radicle, stock, ori- crabbed; steep, precipitate; vio-
gin, foundation, base, source, lent, sour, surly, boisterous, tu-
stem, parent, commencement, multuous, stormy, inclement,
beginning, radical, bottom. tempestuous austere, severe ;
;

ANT.Branch, ramification, ruffled, blunt.

product, issue, progeny, super- ANT. Smooth, even, gentle,
structure. soft, low; pleasant, kindly;
Rough. Uneven, uncut, boister- balmy, soothing; complaisant,
ous, unpolished; coarse, disor- mild.
dered, shaggy, ragged; rude, Rule. Regulation, law, precept,
uncivil, harsh; loud, offensive; maxim, canon, order, method,
tempestuous, stormy rugged, ; direction, control, sway, em-
knotty, craggy, gruff; incom- pire; principle, practice; domi-
plete ; uncourteous, churlish, nation, mastery, government ;
blunt. test, criterion, formula.
run] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Exception, deviation,
eccentricity, irregularity.
Bun. Race, hasten, speed, pro-
ceed, hurry, scamper, post; go,
flow, glide, move, roll on; melt,
fuse; pass, advance; course,
fly, rush; hustle; pursue; cast,
shape, mold; drive, force;
indicate, mark out; incur,
encounter, venture, risk ;
conduct, manage, carry on;
flee.
ANT. Delay, walk, halt, stop,
saunter, rest, linger, hesitate;
harden; retrograde, slip.
Hustle. Rural, sylvan, pastoral,
Sable. Dark, black, ebon, somber.
ANT. Light, white, cheerful,
bright, ivory.
Sacrament. Eucharist, Lord's
Supper, communion; ceremony,
rite, service, solemnity, ordi-
nance, observance.
Sacred. Holy, divine, hallowed,
consecrated, dedicated, devoted,
religious, venerable, reverend.
ANT. Secular, profane, com-
mon, unconsecrated, human.
Sacrifice, n. Offering, propitia-
tion, expiation, thanksgiving
destruction, immolation, devo-
tion, surrender; oblation,
atonement.
ANT. Offense, transgression;
retention, reservation; accep-
tance.
Sad. Sorrowml, mournful, de-
jected, gloomy, depressed, se-
date, cheerless, downcast, griev-
ous; dull, grave, dark, somber;
afflicted; calamitous; serious,
staid; melancholy, Disconso-
late, despondent, disastrous, de-
plorable.
ART. Cheerful, joyous, glad,
[ 249
[sal
country, countrified, bucolic,
agricultural, verdant ; artless,
inelegant, plain, rude, unpol-
ished, untaught, unsophisti-
cated; awkward, boorish, out-
landish, clownish, coarse, hoy-
denish, uncouth.
ANT. City-like, urban; ao-
complished, elegant, cultured,
polite, urbane, polished, well-
bred, refined.
Ruthless. Cruel, pitiless, harsh,
relentless, unsparing.
ANT. Tender, gentle, pitiful,
compassionate, lenient, regret*
ful, long-suffering.
s
mirthful, jubilant, jovial, light-
hearted; exultant, gay, exhil-
arated, happy, blithe.
Sagacious. Sage, sensible, keen,
discerning, clear-sighted, apt,
acute, intelligent, sharp, wise,
rational, shrewd, able, keen-
sighted, keen-witted, judicious,
perspicacious, quick-scented,
sharp-witted.
ANT. Obtuse, senseless, irra-
tional, silly, stupid, simple, un-
intelligent, undiscerning, dull,
; absurd, foolish, futile, sottish,
ignorant.
Sale. Bargain, barter, deal, ex-
change, trade, change.
Salient. Leaping, bounding,
jumping; projecting; promi-
nent, conspicuous, noticeable,
significant; strategic.
ANT. Retreating, retiring,
low-lying; unimportant, incon-
spicuous, unnoticeable, minor,
inconsiderable, subordinate, in-
significant.
Salvation. Saving, preserva-
tion, deliverance; redemption;
rescue.
]
 am] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Perdition, destruction,
damnation, condemnation, loss.
Sample. Specimen, example, il-
lustration, case, instance, ex-
emplification.
ANT. Total,whole, excep-
tion, aggregate; abnormality,
monstrosity.
Sanction. Authorization, au-
thority, countenance ; ratifica-
tion, confirmation, approba-
tion; approval, support, seal,
allowance.
ANT. Discountenance, disal-
lowance, unauthorization ; can-
cellation, nullification; disap-
proval, non-support.
Sanguine. Blood-red, crimson;
warm, ardent; hopeful, lively,
animated, cheerful; confident,
enthusiastic, buoyant; trustful.
ANT. Pallid, cold, frigid;
unresponsive, depressed, life-
less, despondent, despairing, de-
jected, anxious, suspicious, mis-
giving, distrustful.
Sanity. Saneness, soundness, ra-
tionality; reasonableness, wis-
dom; amenableness.
ANT. Insanity, aberration,
derangement, unsoundness, ir-
rationality, madness, lunacy,
alienation, dementia, folly.
Sarcasm. Taunt, gibe; scorn,
contempt, satire; irony, sneer,
ridicule.
ANT. Compliment, eulogy,
praise, approbation, apprecia-
tion, panegyric.
Satisfy. Satiate, sate, compen-
sate; cloy, surfeit, suffice, con-
tent, glut, fill, requite; relieve,
reassure, convince; please, rec-
ompense, gratify, fulfil.
ANT. Deprive, deny, starve,
stint, refuse; annoy, tantalize;
aggravate, tease; displease.
Savage. Wild, uncultivated, un-
tamed, uncivilized, rude, brut-
ish, brutal, barbarous, cruel, in-
250
tsci
human, fierce, pitiless, merci-
less, atrocious, ferocious; mur-
derous, violent.
ANT. Tame, civilized, culti-
vated, domesticated, tender, re-
fined, polished, gentle, humane,
considerate, pitiful, merciful,
protective, generous, subdued,
chivalrous, clement, self-con-
trolled.
Save. Preserve, rescue, deliver;
lay up, reserve, keep; spare,
prevent; protect; be economi-
cal, hoard, husband; obviate,
snatch, catch.
ANT. Lose, destroy, aban-
don, imperil, expose, endanger,
risk, hazard; waste, lavish,
spend, fling away.
Say. Utter, express, tell, speak,
declare; repeat, rehearse, re-
cite; assert; mention, suggest;
suppose; answer; respond, re-
ply; state, pronounce; affirm,
deny; allege.
ANT. Silence, hush, whis-
per, mumble; be taciturn; sup~
press, repress; mispronounce.
Scarce. Rare, infrequent, defi-
cient; uncommon; scant, spar-
ing, meager, insufficient; un-
usual, unique, singular, want-
ing, few, precious.
ANT. Plenty, abundant, fre-
quent, plentiful, common, thick.
Scheme, n. Plan, project, con-
trivance, design, purpose, plot,
device; system, outline; machi-
nation, intrigue, stratagem, ca-
bal, conspiracy; theory.
ANT. Blunder, derangement,
Disarrangement, bungle, botch.
Scholar. Learner, pupil, student,
savant, disciple.
ANT. Dunce, fool, ignora-
mus, illiterate person, idiot,
idler.
Science. Literature, art, knowl-
edge; truth, facts; skill, ex-
pertness ; comprehension ; in-
SCO] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [sel

formation, investigation, ex- ent, inappropriate, unwelcome,

perimentation, learning, expe-
rience.
ANT. Ignorance, error, smat-
tering, fallacy, sciolism; inex-
perience, unfamiliarity, incom-
unexpected, abnormal.
Secure, a. Undisturbed, assured,
heedless, inattentive; easy, un-
anxious, trustful, insured; ob-
tained, acquired fast, firm ; de-
;

prehension. fended, guarded, protected, cer-

Scorn, n. Disdain, derision, con-
tumely, despite, slight, mock-
ery, dishonor; contempt, disre-
gard; sneer, opprobrium.
ANT. Compliment, commen-
dation, deference, approval, es-
teem, respect, regard, approba-
tion.
Scruple, n. Unwillingness, hesi-
tation, doubt; particle; qualm,
reluctance, misgiving.
ANT. Confidence, assurance,
recklessness, heedlessness ; dar-
ing, self-complacency.
Scrupulous. Cautious, careful,
conscientious, hesitating; exact,
nice; questioning, unwilling,
punctilious, precise; diffident,
dubious.
ANT. Reckless, confident,
careless, unconscientious, self-
complacent, heedless, unwary,
incautious, daring.
Scrutiny. Examination, inspec-
tion, observation, search, sift-
ing, exploration, inquisition, in-
tain, sheltered, safe.
ANT. Disturbed, endangered,
imperiled, insecure, hazardous;
anxious, distrustful, suspicious,
careful, precarious; loose, drift-
ing, doubtful, dubious.
Sedate. Settled, composed, calm,
quiet, tranquil, still, serene, un-
ruffled, undisturbed, contempla-
tive, sober, serious; passive.
ANT. Flighty, disturbed, un-
easy, restless, excited, discom-
posed, agitated, indiscreet; ac-
tive, moving;frivolous.
Sedition. Riot, rebellion, revolt,
insurrection, mutiny; outbreak,
uprising, secession, treason ; in-
subordination ; tumult, tur-
moil, anarchy.
ANT. Peace, pacification, or-
der, quiet, orderliness, obedi-
ence, allegiance, fealty, union,
patriotism, fidelity.
See. Perceive, behold, descry,
view; observe, discern, under-
stand, comprehend watch, look
;

quiry. after; interview, visit; associ-

ANT. Oversight, misobserv- ate, meet; accompany, escort;
ance, disregard, slight, inatten- attend, heed, be attentive ; gaze,
tion. glance at.
Season. Time, period, term, in- ANT. Be blind; overlook,
terval, spell,while occasion,
; mistake; misunderstand, mis-
opportunity, timeliness, season- comprehend; pass, ignore, neg-
ableness. lect; disregard, misconceive.
ANT. Contretemps, unsea- Seek. Search, try for, solicit, in-
sonableness, untimeliness, un- quire for, strive after, hunt, fol-
suitableness. low, trace, prosecute, attempt,
Seasonable. Opportune, suit- endeavor, investigate.
able, timely, convenient, ap-
fit, ANT. Shun, elude, ignore,
propriate, normal; periodical; neglect, disregard, avoid, re-
welcome. linquish, drop, abandon, dis-
ANT. Inopportune, unsuit- card.
able, unfit, untimely, inconveni- Seldom. Rarely, not often, infre-
; 251 }
sel] SYNONYMS A^JJ ANTONYMS [set

quently; hardly ever, occasion- stolidity, inertness, non-observ-

ally. ance; fancy, folly, unsoundness.
ANT. Often, frequently, gen- Sensibility. Feeling, sensitive-
erally, commonly, regularly, ha- ness, susceptibility, impressi-
bitually, invariably, uniformly, bility.
systematically. ANT. Coldness, deadness, un-
Selection. Choice, pick, prefer- consciousness, hardness, numb-
ence, election, option. ness, insensibility.
ANT. Repudiation, rejection, Sentiment. Thought, opinion,
discarding, refusal; exclusion. notion, sensibility, feeling; sus-
Self-abnegation. Self-renunci- ceptibility, impressibility, im-
ation, self-sacrifice, self-control, pression, conviction; emotion;
self-devotion, self-immolation, maxim, saying, toast.
self-denial. ANT. Nonsense, conjecture,
ANT. Self-indulgence, self- vacuity; assumption, prejudice,
gratification, self-will, selfish- preconception.
ness, self-seeking. Separate, v. Disunite, divide,
Selfish.. Self-seeking, mean, un- sever; come between, part; dis-
generous, narrow, illiberal, mer- join, divorce; disengage, de-
cenary, greedy, egoistical, self- tach; sunder; withdraw, elim-
indulgent. inate, remove, segregate.
ANT. Generous, liberal, al- ANT.Unite, consolidate, in-
truistic, philanthropic, benefi- tegrate,connect, join, attach,
cent, self-denying, public-spir- link, weld, engage, wed; gather,
ited, magnanimous, unselfish, convene, collect.
considerate. Sequence. Succession, follow-
Send. Sling, throw, fling, hurl, ing, consequence, arrangement,
lance, launch, propel, project, order; series, progression, con-
cast, dart, despatch, discharge, tinuity.
drive, emit; forward, trans- ANT. Precedence, introduc-
mit, impel, dismiss, delegate, tion, priority; disorder, diseon-
depute. nection; intermission, irregu-
ANT. Receive, keep, retain, larity.
hold; bring, carry, hand, get, Serious. Sober, earnest, momen-
give, convey. tous, grave ; thoughtful, sedate,
Sensation. Emotion, sense, feel- solemn ; important, weighty ;
ing, perception. dangerous.
ANT. Apathy, non-sensibil- ANT. Gay, thoughtless, friv-
ity, non-perception, indiffer- olous, laughing, joking, jocose,
ence. careless, trifling, trivial, unim-
Sense. Understanding, reason; portant, light, insignificant,
cognition, apprehension; de- Serve. Obey, minister to, sub-
duction; perception, feeling; serve, promote, aid, help, abet,
recognition, discernment rea-; assist, benefit, succor.
soning; opinion, judgment, no- ANT. Command, order, man-
tion, meaning, import, signifi- age; obstruct, counteract, re-
cation. tard, defeat, injure, thwart, op-
ANT. Nonsense, misunder- pose.
standing; stupidity, non-appre- Set. Put, seat, place, fix; affix,
hension; non-comprehension; attach ; fasten, make stable or

[ 252 ]
Mt] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
firm; obstruct, embarrass; de-
termine upon, fix upon; plant;
frame; stiffen, solidify; adjust, Shake.
regulate, adapt; prepare; re-
place; spread; stud, variegate;
value at, rate at; establish,
furnish, prescribe, strengthen,
tabilitate, ground, confirm, de-
termine, appoint, assign.
ANT. Remove, uproot, trans-
fer, eradicate, transplant, un-
settle,weaken, soften, destroy,
,
demolish; disperse, discard; de-
nude, disarrange, divest, strip;
misvalue, under- or over-rate;
abolish, frustrate.
Settle. Regulate, arrange, com-
pose, decide; establish; still,
calm; clear; restore; depress,
sink, lower, make compact, har-
den; determine, adjust, make
up, pacify; liquidate, balance;
colonize, people.
ANT. Disturb, confuse, de-
range; agitate, unsettle, excite,
uproot, overturn; obstruct; ele-
vate, upheave, break up; dis-
compose, disorder, rise, as-
cend, move; misregulate, aggra-
vate.
Severe. Stern, strict, austere,
hard, relentless, rigorous, un-
relenting, inexorable, harsh,
inflexible, rigid, morose, stiff,
uncompromising, unmitigated,
unyielding; critical, grave, se-
rious.
ANT. Lenient, clement, un-
exacting, mild, easy, gay, cheer-
ful, joyous; loose, slack, inex-
act, indulgent, uncritical, mod-
erate, kind, considerate.
Shade. Shadow; darkness, ob-
scurity; screen, shelter, protec-
tion; body, spirit, ghost; um-
brage, adumbration degree,
; kindly, lenient, clement; unin-
minuteness; seclusion.
ANT. Light, illumination,
sunshine, brightness, daylight;
glare, radiance, exposure; pub-
[sha
licity; quantity, amount; do-
fenselessness.
Agitate, fluctuate, flut-
ter, oscillate, quake, quiver,
quaver, rock, shiver, shudder,
totter, tremble, waver, wave,
sway, swing, vibrate, thrill, jar.
ANT. Fasten, fix, set, secure,
settle, confirm.
Shame. Disgrace, reproach, dis-
honor, ignominy; degradation,
contempt, infamy; diffidence,
modesty, discredit; humilia-
tion, abashment; decency, de-
corum.
ANT. Fame, honor, gloryt
approval, renown, credit; im
pudence, shamelessness, inde-
cency, immodesty, indecorum,
impropriety.
Shape. Appearance, figure, as-
pect, form, guise; outline; em-
bodiment ; character, fashion,
mold, pattern, cast, model.
ANT. Imitation, reproduc-
tion, copy; deformity, disfig-
urement.
Sharp. Quick, sagacious, witty,
discerning, shrewd, ingenious,
sour, acid, tart, acrid, biting,
poignant, acrimonious, sarcas-
tic, bitter, painful, afflictive,
violent, fierce, ardent, fiery;
acute, keen, trenchant, astute,
subtle, penetrating, discrimi-
nating, inventive, piquant; se-
vere, vigilant, attentive; caus-
tic, cutting; eager, hungry;
thin, emaciated; shrill, high;
exacting, close.
ANT. Dull, blunt, slow, ob-
tuse, undiscerning, unresource-
ful, sweet, honeyed, cloying,
saccharine, mellow; soft, gen-
tle, mild, tender, considerate,
ventive, indifferent, sluggish,
inactive, tame, characterless,
spiritless, careless, inattentive;
thick; generous, unexacting.
she] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Shelter. Defend, guard, harbor,
protect, shield, screen, ward,
cover, conceal.
ANT. Expose, betray,
peril, endanger, exhibit, lay
bare, discover, attack.
Short. Brief, contracted, inade-
quate, limited, scanty; insuffi-
cient, incomplete, imperfect ;
abrupt, petulant, quick; near,
direct, straight; succinct, con-
cise, condensed, compendious ;
terse, pithy, laconic, curt, sen-
tentious; severe, uncivil; nar-
row; destitute.
ANT. Long, protracted, ex-
tended, adequate, ample, suffi-
cient, plentiful, abundant, copi-
ous; perfect, complete; civil,
suave, complaisant; circuitous,
indirect; tedious, prolix, ver-
bose, extended, wordy; broad;
provided for.
Show, v.Exhibit, present, dis-
play; reveal; direct, con-
tell,
duct; clear, .prove, manifest,
explain, evince; bestow, con-
fer; appear, look, seem; dem-
onstrate, unfold, inform, teach ;
evidence.
ANT. Conceal, hide, with-
hold, suppress, obscure, mys-
~.tify, cloak, wrap; contradict,
deny, refute, disprove, falsify;
misinterpret.
Shrewd. Keen, critical, subtle,
arch, astute, sagacious, acute,
discerning, penetrating; mali-
cious, evil, vicious wily, artful,
; ingless, inconspicuous, mute,
cunning; clever, sharp, able;
discriminating, intelligent.
ANT. Stolid, stupid, unin-
telligent, dull, thick, unsaga-
dous, undiscerning, undiscrim-
inating ; plain, blank, blunt,
frank; kindly, sincere, benevo-
lent; fair, open.
Sick. Diseased, ill, disordered,
distempered, indisposed, weak,
ailing, feeble, morbid; imper-
[ 254 ]
[sil
fect, impaired, weakened, cor-
rupted; disgusted, surfeited.
ANT. Healthy, whole, well,
im- sound, strong, robust, salubri-
ous, vigorous, hale, wholesome,
salutary.
Side. Margin, edge, verge, bor-
der, boundary; party, sect, fac-
tion, interest, cause, policy, be-
half; face, aspect, plane; slope,
declivity; half.
ANT. Center, interior, body,
heart, core; opposition, seces-
sion, neutrality.
Sight. Vision, show, represen-
tation, exhibition; faculty of
seeing, view; visibility, spec-
tacle; inspection, examination;
opinion, judgment; perception,
ken, cognizance; contemplation,
survey; insight; appearance.
ANT. Blindness, non-visibil-
ity, obscuration; non-appear-
ance; oversight, neglect; disap-
pearance; vanishing; impres-
sion, prejudice.
Sign. Mark, manifestation, in-
dication, presage, symbol, type,
token, emblem, note, omen, sig-
nal, prognostic, symptom.
Significant. Expressive, sugges-
tive, important; weighty, mo-
mentous; manifest, intimating,
declarative, betokening, imply-
ing, meaning, denoting; tell-
ing, speaking; forcible; con-
spicuous.
ANT. Insignificant, mean-
inexpressive, expressionless, un-
suggestive.
Silence. Stillness, hush, restful-
ness, quiet, muteness, noiseless-
ness, calm, peace, tranquillity;
dumbness, taciturnity; obscur-
ity, secrecy, oblivion.
ANT. Noise, sound, tumult*
clamor, roar, storm, din, un~
rest, babel, commotion, rever-
beration, resonance, agitation,
aim] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
clatter; talkativeness, loquac-
ity, garrulity; publicity, fame,
rumor, repute, celebrity.
Similar. Corresponding, like,
resembling, uniform, homoge-
neous; congruous, harmonious.
ANT. Dissimilar, unlike, dif-
ferent, alien, discordant, heter-
ogeneous, incongruous.
Simple. Silly; single, uncom-
bined; plain, unadorned; mere;
sincere, artless, unaffected, nat-
ural ; direct, clear, perspicuous ;
credulous, foolish; humble, un-
distinguished, lowly; innocent;
elementary.
ANT. Complex, double, com-
pound, combined, mixed; or-
nate, adorned; blended, fused,
multiform; artful, affected, ar-
tificial; indirect, complicated,
circuitous, skeptic, pragmatic;
proud, haughty, distinguished,
celebrated; various, organized,
elaborate; designing, insincere,
double-minded; developed, per-
fect.
Sin. Evil, crime, guilt, offense,
wickedness, fault, vice, crimi-
nality, misdeed; viciousness,
ungodliness, wrong, wrong-do-
ing, unrighteousness, iniquity,
transgression, immorality, de-
pravity, delinquency.
ANT. Virtue, godliness, rec-
titude, uprightness, sinlessness,
excellence, blamelessness, good-
ness, holiness, innocence, moral-
ity, integrity, purity, righteous-
ness, right.
Sing. Chant, carol, chirp, hum,
warble, chirrup.
Singular. Unexampled, eminent,
unprecedented, extraordinary,
remarkable, uncommon, rare,
unusual, peculiar, strange, odd,
eccentric, fantastic; individual,
unique; conspicuous, consum-
mate, exceptional, particular;
curious, queer.
[ 255
[la
ANT. Common, everyday, or-
dinary, commonplace, general,
universal, usual, regular, cus-
tomary, frequent, numerous;
unnoticeable, normal, typical,
inconspicuous, humdrum.
Sink. Subside, drop, droop, de-
cay, lower, lessen; submerge,
immerse, engulf; depress, de-
grade, debase, diminish; fall,
descend; decline, dwindle, de-
crease; weary, flag, abate; re-
duce; drown; attenuate.
ANT. Rise, ascend, mount,
increase, augment, aggrandize,
swell; flourish, exalt, heighten,
promote, enhance; encourage,
perpetuate.
Situation. Site, station, post,
case, plight, state ; location, po-
sition; place, office; condition;
locality, seat, ground, spot ; cir-
cumstance, predicament; cate-
gory; employment; footing, as-
pect; birth, standing.
ANT. Absence, dislodgment,
displacement, non-assignment.
Skeptic. Agnostic, doubter, free-
thinker, infidel, unbeliever, de-
ist, atheist, disbeliever.
ANT. Christian, believer.
Sketch, n. Outline, picture, de-
sign, drawing, draft; skeleton,
plan, brief.
Skilful. Expert, dexterous, apt,
handy, adroit, clever, deft, pro-
ficient, skilled, trained, accom-
plished, happy, ingenious, prac-
ticed; adept, masterly, cun-
ning.
ANT. Unskilled, clumsy, in~
expert, unskilful, unintelligent,
awkward, incompetent, unpre-
pared, untrained, unable, un-
taught, bungling, helpless, mal-
adroit, shiftless.
Slander, v. Defame, disparage,
depreciate, malign, asperse, ca-
lumniate, libel, vilify, revile,
traduce, decry, backbite.
]
Bla] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Extol, eulogize, laud,
praise, vindicate, defend.
Slang. Vulgarity, cant, collo-
quialism, vulgarism.
ANT. Diction, language.
Slender. Small, narrow, slim;
weak, feeble, slight; moderate,
trivial, inconsiderable, meager;
spare, abstemious, frugal.
ANT. Thick, stout, robust,
broad, ample, deep, bulky, con-
siderable, massive, weighty; gi-
ant, colossal.
Slippery. Smooth, glib; mu-
table, uncertain, fickle, incon-
stant; unstable, changeable;
wanton, loose, unchaste; icy,
glassy, insecure, perilous, un-
safe; shifty, elusive; deceptive,
evasive; unprincipled.
ANT. Rough, firm, safe, se-
cure, stable; constant, certain,
dependable, upright, sincere,
outright, trustworthy, sound.
Slow. Deliberate, dilatory, lin-
gering, gradual, moderate, pro-
crastinating, tardy; inert, inac-
tive, sluggish, drowsy, dull, de-
laying, dawdling.
ANT. Nimble, active, brisk,
alert, lively, prompt, speedy,
quick, spry, swift, agile.
Small. Little, diminutive, in-
considerable; inconsequential,
uninfluential, trivial, insignifi-
cant; paltry, mean, incapable,
unable; short; weak, slender,
gentle, low; tiny, puny; unim-
portant scanty, moderate ; sor-
; unsociabiJiti/.
did, selfish ; inferior, unintellec-
tual, ungifted, unintelligent.
ANT. Large, great, big, ex-
tensive, enormous, bulky, mas-
sive, weighty, ample, spacious,
broad, strong, stout, generous,
liberal, munificent; important,
significant, notable, influential,
distinguished, gifted, magnani-
mous, intelligent, intellectual,
superior, competent.
[ 256
[sof
Smart. Acute,
quick, lively,
brisk, dashy, showy;
clever,
pungent, pricking keen, severe,
;
poignant; vigorous, sharp; ac-
tive, shrewd; efficient, witty;
pretentious, spruce; fresh.
ANT. Dull, heavy, blunt, ob-
tuse, dense, stupid; aching;
slow, inactive, sluggish, ineffi-
cient, shabby, dowdy, boorish,
clownish.
Sneer. Jeer, mock, gibe, taunt,
fling, scoff.
ANT. Smile, laugh; flatter,
compliment; cheer.
Sober. Abstinent, abstemious,
moderate, regular; steady, col-
lected, quiet, cool, staid, som-
ber; temperate; dispassionate,
self-controlled, calm, self-pos-
sessed, solemn, sedate.
ANT. Intemperate, intoxi-
cated, drunk, impassioned, ex-
cited, heated, furious, passion-
ate; unreasonable, immoderate,
uncontrolled, agitated, extrava-
gant; erratic, eccentric.
Socialism. Communism, collec-
tivism, fabianism.
Society. Companionship, fellow-
ship, company
; participation,
connection association, part-
;
nership community, sodality,
;
communion, intercourse.
ANT. Solitude, solitariness,
privacy, separation, segrega-
tion; individuality, personal-
ity; disconnection, dissociation,
Soft. Yielding, impressible, mal-
leable; smooth, delicate; agree-
able, gentle, flowing; flexible;
mild, tender, conciliatory, kind;
effeminate, weak; easy; quiet,
peaceful, tranquil.
ANT. Hard, unyielding, im-
pervious, tough, stubborn, im-
permeable; non-resilient; dis-
agreeable, harsh, brush, gruff,
unkind; strong, manly ; virile;
]
sol] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
rough, coarse, rigid, rigorous,
abrupt ; resolute, determined.
Solemnity. Gravity, formality,
ritual, ceremonial, sobriety, se-
riousness, reverence, devotion;
celebration, observance ; sanc-
tity, awfulness, sacredness; im-
pressiveness.
ANT. Levity, triviality, gai-
ety, vulgarity ; secularity, dese-
cration, profanity; meaning,
unimpressiveness, unimposing-
ness; simplicity.
Solid. Hard, sound, real, valid,
weighty, profound ; compact,
resistant, dense heavy strong,
; ;
firm, stable; substantial; im-
penetrable; cubic.
ANT. Hollow, yielding, soft,
resilient, malleable, fluid, flex-
ible, impressible, liquid; brittle,
frail; light, trifling, frivolous;
invalid, weak, fallacious, un-
sound.
Solitude. Loneliness, solitariness,
loneness, recluseness, retired-
ness withdrawal, remoteness,
; Sound,
destitution, absence; seclusion,
retirement; desertion, retreat,
wilderness, desert, privacy, iso-
lation.
ANT. Populousness, society,
popularity, throng, crowd, in-
tercourse, meeting, convening,
populace, multitude.
Solution. Disruption, separa-
tion, breach ;disentanglement,
explanation, clearing up; reso-
lution, disintegration; release,
discharge; solvency; disconnec-
tion, discontinuance; key, an-
swer, elucidation.
ANT. Union, amalgamation,
conjunction, connection, combi-
nation, entanglement, complica-
tion ; continuity; integration;
obscurity, confusion, perplexity,
mystification.
Soothe. Soften, allay, compose,
tranquilize, pacify; humor, flat-
[ 257
[80V
ter, please; assuage, calm, mol-
lify, comfort; lull; mitigate, re-
lieve.
ANT. Rouse, excite, disturb,
disquiet; aggravate, displease,
scold, irritate, exasperate, an-
noy, infuriate; dissatisfy.
Sordid. Vile, base, gross; mean,
avaricious, covetous, niggardly;
greedy; low, degraded; stingy,
close, ungenerous, penurious ;
illiberal.
ANT. Pure, noble, honorable,
refined; generous, unselfish, lib-
eral, broad, munificent, u-ncov-
etous; prodigal, profuse, lav-
ish; high-minded.
Soul. Spirit, life, courage, fire,
ardor ; vitality, animus ; leader,
inspirer; passion, fervor, affec-
tion; person; reason, intellect,
emotions; ghost, specter.
ANT. Lifelessness, soulless-
ness; body; coldness, spiritless-
ness; irrationality, unintelleo-
tuality.
n. Noise, note, tone, re-
port; impulse, vibration.
ANT. Silence; taciturnity;
stillness, hush, lull, muteness.
Sound, a. Whole, unbroken, un-
harmed, free, perfect, healthy;
firm, strong, solid, safe; cor-
rect, true,orthodox; deep, pro-
found, undisturbed; right; le-
gal, valid, undefective; entire,
thorough, substantial, irrefu-
table.
ANT. Unsound, broken, par-
tial, harmed; imperfect, soft,
diseased; weak, mellow, unsafe;
incorrect, untrue, heterodox;
light, trivial, fragile; illegal,
illegitimate, invalid, defective;
insubstantial, fallacious, hol-
loio, unfounded.
Sovereign, n. King, prince, po-
tentate, monarch, emperor ;
ruler.
ANT. Subject, peasant, serf.
]
sov] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Sovereign, a. Supreme, para-
mount, superior, chief; indepen-
dent, unlimited, absolute; con-
trolling, efficacious ; princely,
royal; primary, principal, re-
gal, imperial; predominant.
ANT. Inferior, subordinate,
subservient, ministerial, secon-
dary, subject; popular, menial;
inefficient, une/ficacious, uncer-
tain, weak.
Space. Extension, room; inter-
val, duration, time; capacity,
distance, measure, quantity ;
boundlessness, illimitableness ; air, breath ; intelligence, imma-
immeasurableness, immensity.
ANT. Confinement, proxim-
ity, limitation, restriction, con-
tiguity, continuity.
Spare, a. Scanty, sparing, fru-
gal, wanting, lacking, parsi-
monious, needed, chary; su-
perfluous; lean, meager, thin,
gaunt.
ANT. Ample, abundant, pro-
fuse, plentiful, liberal, bounti-
ful, unsparing, unstinted, unre-
stricted, generous; plump, fat,
corpulent, portly.
Sparse. Scattered, sprinkled, in-
frequent, thin, scanty, meager,
few.
ANT. Dense, thick, plentiful, ual.
many, populous, crowded, nu- Splendid.
merous, frequent, multitudi-
nous.
Speak. Say, talk, tell, utter, dis-
course, articulate, converse, ex-
press, chat, chatter, enunciate,
pronounce; announce, declaim,
declare, deliver.
ANT. Be mute or dumb;
keep silence, be taciturn; sup-
press; recall.
Speculation. Venture theory,
; voluntary,
view, notion, conjecture; con-
sideration, meditation, contem-
plation, thought, weighing; hy-
pothesis, scheme.
ANT. Certainty, fact, ver-
[ 258
[spr
ity, proof, realization, verifica-
tion.
Speech. Address, discourse, lan-
guage, speaking, talk, oration,
utterance, sermon, harangue,
dissertation, oratory, disquisi-
tion.
ANT. Hush, silence, stillness,
taciturnity, speechlessness.
Spirit. Life, soul; ghost, spec-
ter; fairy, sprite; energy, vi-
vacity, ardor, courage, enthusi-
asm; intellectuality; meaning,
intent; vapor; distilled liquid;
teriality, essence, disembodi-
ment, apparition ; activity, ear-
nestness, zeal; temper, disposi-
tion; principle, motive.
ANT. Substance, body, cor~
poreity, flesh, frame, material-
ity, embodiment, organization;
spiritlessness, timidity, lifeless-
ness, soullessness, deadness, tor-
por, dejection, slowness.
Spiritual. Immaterial, incorpo-
real, mental, intellectual; holy,
divine, heavenly-minded; eccle-
siastical, sacred; moral; reli-
gious, ethical.
ANT. Carnal, fleshly, mate-
rial, sensuous; gross; unspirit-
Shining, showy, mag-
nificent, sumptuous, pompous;
illustrious, brilliant, famous;
gorgeous, grand, glorious; im-
posing; superb, heroic, noble.
ANT. Dull, tame, obscure,
tarnished, tawdry, somber, beg-
garly, gloomy, poor, ordinary,
ineffective, inglorious, insignifi-
cant, mean, low.
Spontaneous. Free, intentional,
willing, unbidden,
impulsive, automatic, instinc-
tive, deliberate.
ANT. Forced, compelled, co-
erced, unwilling, reluctant.
Spread, v. Open, unfurl, dis-
spr] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ste

perse, distribute, scatter, circu- support, frame; model, type,

late, disseminate, dispense; ex- norm; measure, scale;
gage,
tend, stretch, expand, amplify; upright; exemplar.
divulge, propagate, publish, dif- ANT. Misrule, mismeasure-
fuse. ment, misadjustment, misfit,
ANT. Collect, condense, con- non-criterion.
tract, furl, gather, close, shut; State, v.Declare, tell, assert,
confine, suppress, restrict, re- affirm, asseverate, allege, tes-
call, conceal, hush, localize. tify, assure, swear, set forth,
Spring, v. Leap, bound, jump; protest, predicate, pronounce,
shoot, dart, start; emerge;
fly, specify, propound, maintain,
bend, warp ; proceed, issue, re- inform, express, depose, claim,
sult; burst, emanate, flow; rise, avow, avouch, aver, certify.
originate, germinate. ANT. Deny, contradict, con-
ANT. Settle, alight, arrive, trovert, disprove, refute, re-
land, drop; end, terminate, de- pudiate, waive, contravene,
bouch, finish, eventuate. dispute, gainsay, oppose, re-
Spy. Scout, emissary, detective. tract.
Stable, a. Steady, abiding, firm, Station. Depot; place, spot, po-
strong, durable; fixed, estab- sition, stand; office, sphere;
lished; constant, resolute, un- state, rank, condition, occupa-
wavering; secure, stanch, per- tion, business.
manent; solid, lasting, perpet- ANT. Removal, departure;
ual; immobile, rigid, unmov- dislodgment, ejection, displace-
able. ment; locomotion.
ANT. Vacillating, wavering, Stay, v. Stop; prop, hold up,
unsteady, toppling, weak, tot- support, sustain; hold, re-
tering, infirm, insecure, precari- strain; hold back, hinder, de-
ous, frail, unstable; transient, lay check fasten, secure con-
; ; ;

ephemeral, evanescent, vanish- tinue, abide, remain; dwell,

ing, non-durable. tarry, linger, wait; forbear;
Stain, v. Blot, spot, sully, tar- rest, depend, rely.
nish, tinge, tint, color, discolor, ANT. Loose, liberate, free;
disgrace, dishonor, dye, soil. let fall; expedite, speed,
fail,
ANT. Preserve inviolate or accelerate; proceed, advance,
unspotted. progress, go on; move, depart;
Stand, v. Rest, continue upright oppress, burden ; overthrow.
or erect, be situated or located ; Steadfast. Established, firm ;

cease, stop, pause, halt; en- constant, resolute grounded, ;

dure, last; maintain, be fixed rooted, placed; resolved, un-

or steady; be, consist; agree, wavering, stanch.
accord; endure, sustain, bear; ANT. Unsteady, unattached;
withstand; submit to. vacillating, icavering, weak, in-
ANT. Advance, move, pro- secure, irresolute, inconstant,
ceed, progress; fail, fall, die, unreliable.
depart, run, yield, succumb, Steep. Sharp, sheer, high, pre-
drop; give up, surrender; re- cipitous, abrupt.
taliate, avenge, resent. ANT. Gradual, level, slight,
Standard, n. Flag, colors, ban- fiat, easy, gentle, horizontal,
ner, ensign; criterion, test; low.

[ 259 ]
sti] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [str

Stiff. Rigid, inflexible, strong, large, bulky; brawny; valiant^

obstinate, pertinacious, rigor- courageous, redoubtable.
ous, constrained, affected; un- ANT. Thin, slender, weak9
bending, unpliant; starched; lean, frail, feeble, attenuate^
formal, ceremonious, difficult, emaciated; timid, irresolute,
punctilious, stately; austere, cowardly.
peremptory, inexorable, un- Strange. Outlandish, wonder-
compromising. ful, astonishing, marvelous, un-
ANT. Flexible, pliant, un- common, irregular, queer, odd,
affected, amenable, easy, yield- eccentric; foreign, new, novel,
ing, affable, genial, unceremoni- unusual; reserved, distant; un-
ous, informal; pliable, malle- familiar, unaccustomed, inex-
able; considerate, compromis- perienced.
ing. ANT. Familiar, usual, com-
Still. Noiseless; inert, stag- mon, general, universal, accus-
nant, serene; motionless, rest- tomed, ordinary, home, domes-
ful, quiet; silent, calm, sound- tic, regular, customary, habit-
less,low; hushed, mute, placid, commonplace.
ual,
quiescent ; stationary ; gentle, Strength. Robustness, tough-
soft, mild, pacific, peaceful. ness, hardness, stoutness, spirit,
ANT. Disturbed, agitated, lustiness, puissance, authority;
moved, restless; noisy, moving, force, vigor, power; endurance,
loud, resonant, turbulent; un- resistance; security, validity;
quiet, rough, harsh. firmness; intensity; virtue; en-
Stop. Suppress, discontinue, de- ergy, nerve, sinew, fiber;
lay, interrupt; close, obstruct; soundness.
arrest, impede; restrain, hin- ANT. Weakness, thinness,
der, repress; cease, halt, stay, frailty, softness, delicacy; im-
tarry; bar, seal; suspend, end, becility, feebleness; spiritless-
terminate. ness, impotence, inability; in-
ANT. Assist, advance, con- security, invalidity; waver-
tinue, expedite, speed, hasten, ing.
promote; clear, open; improve, Strenuous. Eager, pressing, ur-
push, benefit; progress; facili- gent; zealous, ardent, earnest;
tate; initiate, commence, be- bold, intrepid strong, deter-
;

gin. mined, resolute; vigorous, en-

Storm. Agitation, disturbance, ergetic, vehement, forceful.
tempest. ANT. Weak, irresolute, vac-
ANT. Calm, hush, peace, se- illating,wavering, enervated,
renity, stillness, tranquillity, undetermined.
fair weather. Strong-. Powerful, cogent, mus-
Story. Narrative, legend, anec- cular; robust, lusty, sinewy,
dote, account, tale, record, re- hale, hearty, vigorous, force-
cital, incident, myth, narration, ful: enduring, resistant; vio-
novel, relation. lent, forcible; ardent, zealous,
ANT. Annals, chronicle, bi- vehement, earnest, solid, nour-
ography, history, memoir. ishing; firm; capable, potent,
Stout. Corpulent; portly; vig- effective, sound ;
influential,
orous, strong, lusty, robust; pungent; hardy, tenacious.
firm, resolute, bold; tough; ANT. Weak, feeble, infirm,
[ 260
 til] SYNONYMS
sickly, exhausted, debilitated,
wanting, pliant, soft;
frail,
low, faint; spiritless, foolish;
wavering, impotent, powerless,
defenseless, insecure, delicate;
^inefficacious, unconvincing, un-
satisfactory, unavailing,
cid, nerveless.
Stubborn. Obstinate, inflexible,
obdurate, headstrong, harsh, in-
tractable,firm, contumacious,
heady; unbending, unyielding,
persistent, refractory.
ANT. Yielding, pliant, mild,
gentle, docile, tractable, man-
ageable, flexible, pliable; vacil-
lating, wavering, irresolute,
undecided.
Studious. Contemplative, ob-
servant sedulous, earnest, dili-
; mean, undignified, inconspicu-
gent; studied; absorbed, medi-
tative, thoughtful, attentive,
pondering, devoted, musing,
cogitative; careful, literary, re-
flective, assiduous.
ANT.Illiterate, unliterary,
idle, indulgent, careless, inat-
tentive, thoughtless, negligent,
regardless, indifferent.
Study, n. Application, learning,
acquisition, meditation, con-
templation diligence, consid-
; bounty, reward, tribute, sup-
eration, thought, research, en-
deavor, knowledge, purpose, in-
tention, attention, concentra-
tion.
ANT.Idleness, dawdling, il-
literacy, ease, indifference, in-
diligence, negligence, careless-
ness, unstudiousness, thought-
lessness.
Stupid. Simple, insensible, sot-
tish, sluggish, senseless, dolt-
ish, heavy, dull ; stolid, insen-
sate, obtuse, prosy.
ANT. Quick, bright, sharp,
intelligent, responsive, clever,
. sensible, eager, animated, pen-
etrating.
Stupidity. Slowness, dulness,
AJNJD ANTON MS1'
[sub
obtusenesa, insensibility, slug-
gishness, stupor, apathy.
ANT. Intelligence, anima-
tion, brilliancy, acuteness, sen-
sibility, cleverness, sense, sa-
gacity, quickness, readiness,
flac- alertness, keenness.
Stupor. Apathy, awoon, torpor,
lethargy, coma, fainting, un-
consciousness, stupefaction, as-
phyxia, swooning, insensibility,
syncope.
Sublime. Exalted, lofty, noble,
majestic, grand, stately, mag-
nificent, dignified, elevated, au-
gust, pompous, high, eminent,
glorious.
ANT. Low, ignoble, debased,
degraded, inglorious, ordinary,
ous, unimposing, ridiculous.
Submissive. Obedient, compli-
ant, yielding, obsequious, sub-
servient, humble, modest, pas-
sive, docile, acquiescent.
ANT. Disobedient, haughty,
proud, arrogant, unyielding,
conceited, active, rebellious, re-
luctant, defiant, refractory, re-
sistant.
Subsidy. Aid, allowance, gift,
port, subvention, pension, bo-
nus, premium, grant, indem-
nity.
Substantial. Real, solid, true,
existing, essential
; corporeal,
material; strong, stout, re-
sourceful, massive, tangible,
bulky; sensuous.
ANT. Imaginary, unreal, in-
substantial, fictitious, supposi-
titious, immaterial, weak, chi-
merical,
visionary, spiritual,
disembodied, ghostly.
Subtle. Artful, crafty, cunning,
shrewd, sly, wily ; astute, guile-
ful, discriminating, insinuat-
ing, sophistical.
ANT. Frank, honest, open,
[ 261 ]
sub] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
sincere, artless, undiscriminat-
ing, undiscerning, simple, di-
rect, blunt, unsophisticated.
Subvert. Destroy, ruin, sup-
plant, suppress, supersede, ex-
tinguish, overthrow, overturn.
ANT. Conserve, preserve, up-
hold, sustain, keep, perpetuate.
Succeed. Follow, pursue; en-
sue, result, be subsequent;
descend, devolve; gain, acquire,
attain, obtain, achieve, accom-
plish ; supervene ; nourish, pros-
per, thrive.
ANT. Precede, anticipate, an-
tecede; fail, deteriorate, be
lacking, lose, miss, disappoint,
be deficient in; decline, wane,
decay.
Succession. Succeeding, series,
sequence, order; lineage, de-
scent ; following, continuity,
consecution, rotation, regular-
ity.
ANT. Antecedence, prece-
dence, anticipation, forerun-
ning, prevention; disorder, ir-
regularity, non-sequence, inter-
mission, gap, failure, inconsec-
utiveness.
Sudden. Unexpected, unusual,
abrupt, unlocked for, hasty,
unanticipated, unforeseen, un-
provided for rash, quick, heed-
; fraction, item, particular; in-
less, reckless.
ANT. Anticipated, foreseen,
expected; slow, gradual, tran-
sitional, moderate; wary, cau-
tious, careful, provident.
Suffer. Support, sustain, toler-
ate, permit; allow, let, grant,
consent to; endure, bear, sub-
mit to, undergo, be affected by,
experience.
ANT. Resist, rebel,
withstand; forbid, disallow,
fuse, reject, expel, repudiate;
fight, antagonize, challenge.
Sufficient. Competent, satis-
factory, full, ample; equal, ad-
[sup
equate, enough; qualified, ca-
pable, responsible; efficient;
adapted, fitted.
ANT. Inadequte, incompe-
tent, unsatisfactory, lacking,
wanting, unequal, unfit, inca-
pable, unqualified, insufficient,
unsuited, meager, short, defi-
cient, scanty.
Suggestion. Hint, innuendo,
intimation, insinuation, impli-
cation.
Suitable. Proper, competent,
correspondent, consonant, com-
patible, congruous, consistent;
fitting, accordant, becoming,
adapted; seemly, appropriate,
agreeable, convenient; harmo-
nious, uniform; homogeneous.
ANT. Improper, divergent,
incompetent, incompatible, dis-
sonant, incongruous, inconsis-
tent, unfit, discordant, unbe-
coming; unseemly, inappropri-
ate, inconvenient; unharmoni-
ous, different, heterogeneous.
Sum. Aggregate, quantity, mag-
nitude, amount ; compendium,
substance, gist; height, com-
pletion; total, whole, compu-
tation; example, problem; col-
lection; drift, bearing.
ANT. Part, portion, half,
completeness, imperfection, dis-
crepancy; article, detail, frag-
ment, component, constituent,
element.
Superb. Grand, magnificent, au-
gust, stately; rich, elegant;
showy, excellent; princely, gor-
geous, splendid; proud.
ANT. Mean, shabby, poor,
undignified, dingy; meager;
repel, tawdry, impoverished; ordi-
re- nary, common; humble, plain,
unimposing.
Superior. Elevated, higher, up-
per; surpassing, greater; pre-
eminent, excellent, ascendent,
[ 262
sup] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
predominant, prevalent, advan-
tageous, beneficial.
ANT. Inferior, lower, worse,
deeper, meaner, subordinate,
lesser, mediocre, ordinary, av-
erage, common, unremarkable,
inconspicuous, detrimental, dis-
advantageous; declining, dete-
riorating.
Supernatural. Miraculous, pre-
ternatural, superhuman.
ANT. Common, natural, or- loose.
dinary, commonplace, every- Surrender.
day, usual.
Supple. Pliant, flexible, bend-
ing; fawning, soft; yielding,
compliant, submissive; flatter-
ing, obsequious, subservient,
servile, cringing, adulatory;
lithe, limber, elastic.
ANT. Firm, stiff, unyield-
ing, obstinate, infleorible, hard,
dominant, domineering; abu-
sive, scolding, tyrannous; un-
bending, stubborn, independent,
self-assertive, supercilious, ar-
rogant, haughty.
Support. Maintain, sustain, up-
hold, cherish, keep, bear, prop,
carry, tolerate, hold up, keep
up.
ANT. Demolish, abandon,
betray, destroy, drop, desert,
wreck, break down, cast down,
overthrow, let go, throw down.
Suppose. Deem, guess, imag-
ine, think, conjecture, surmise.
ANT. Conclude,
ascertain,
discover, prove, know, be sure.
Suppress. Repress, subdue, re-
strain, overthrow, quell, over-
whelm, conceal, stifle, smother,
stop ; overpower, extinguish,
destroy.
ANT. Excite, fan, increase,
augment, strengthen, raise, ag-
gravate; pubJish, promulgate,
advertise, spread, disseminate;
intensify.
Sure. Unfailing, infallible, per-
[swe
manent, steady, stable, strong,
indisputable, confident, posi-
tive, firm; certain, safe, secure,
assured, believing, trusting, un-
questioning; abiding, fast.
ANT. Insecure, fallible, un-
steady, inconstant, wavering,
indeterminate, dubitable, un-
certain, questionable, imperma-
nent, doubtful, hesitating, dis~
trustful, precarious, disputable,
Abandon, give over,
relinquish, resign, waive, yield,
alienate, capitulate, cede, let
go, sacrifice, give one's self up.
ANT. Resist, withstand, op-
pose, thwart, baffle; die.
Suspense. Uncertainty, expecta-
tion, apprehension, anxiety, in-
determination, indecision ; so-
licitude, intermission, protrac-
tion, abeyance, doubt; pause,
stop.
ANT. Decision, settlement,
determination, finality, execu-
tion; achievement, termination,
accomplishment, end; unin-
terruption, continuance, con-
tinuity, regularity, sequence.
Sustenance. Subsistence, food,
provision, maintenance, sup-
port; supplies, aliment, nutri-
ment, nourishment; livelihood,
living, nutrition, sustenta-
tion.
ANT. Starvation, loant, in-
digence, poverty, hunger, lack,
thirst, inanition, exhaustion;
non-subsistence, non-support.
Sweet. Sugary, saccharine, dul-
cet, luscious; agreeable, pleas-
ing, fragrant, soft, melodious ;
beautiful, mild, fair; fresh;
amiable, winning: wholesome.
ANT. Sour, bitter, sharp,
add; discordant, inharmoni-
ous, dissonant: disagreeable,
displeasing; fetid, malodorous;
plain, homely; stale, unwhole-
swi] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [tas

some, spoiled; offensive, repul- Sympathy. Pity, compassion,

sive, unlovely. commiseration, tenderness, con-
Swift. Quick, fleet, speedy, ex- dolence; fellow-feeling; agree-
peditious, rapid, prompt; ac- ment, conformity, reciprocity;
celerated, nimble, alert, ready, congeniality.
headlong, eager, fast. ANT. Antipathy, harshness,
ANT. Slow, tardy, delaying, antagonism, unkindness, cold'
late, unready, laggard, delib- ness, mercilessness, pitiless-
erate, sedate, reluctant, linger- ness.
ing, lazy, loitering, inactive, Synonymous. Similar, corre-
sluggish, inexpeditious. spondent, like, identical, inter-
Symmetry. Proportion, grace, changeable, alike, same, corre-
conformity, uniformity, simi- sponding, synonymic, equiva-
larity, regularity, shapeliness, lent.
harmony, agreement; comeli- ANT. Antonymic.
ness. System. Order, mode, method,
ANT. Disproportion, dishar- regularity, rule, manner.
mony, incongruity, irregular- ANT. Confusion, chaos, dis-
ity, disagreement, disparity, order, derangement, irregular-
shapelessness; interdisparity. ity, disarrangement.

Tacit. Silent, implied, granted, ANT. Drop, reject, abandon,

unexpressed, understood, im- surrender, miss, lose, repel, re-
plicit. fuse, decline, repulse, spurn.
ANT. Mentioned, expressed, Talent. Ability, gift, endow-
explicit, declared. ment, genius, faculty; capac-
Taciturn. Mute, silent, speech- ity, cleverness, aptitude, forte.
less, reserved, close, dumb, un- ANT. Inability, ineptitude,
communicntive, reticent. incompetence, imbecility, stu-
ANT. Communicative, free, pidity.
garrulous, loquacious, talka- Tangible. Perceptible, tactile,
tive, unreserved. palpable; apprehensible, evi-
Take. Lay hold, seize, grasp, dent, manifest, clear; material,
obtain capture, fasten on at-
; ; substantial, sensible, obvious.
tack gain, captivate, charm
; ;
ANT. Impalpable, spiritual,
choose, turn to; employ, use, intangible, incorporeal, imma-
demand, require; copy, deline- terial, incomprehensible.
ate; assume, adopt; acquire; Tart. Sharp, acid, sour; keen,
engage in, indulge in; carry, severe; harsh, caustic, petu-
convey, conduct; remove, with- lant, acrimonious.
draw, deduct; acknowledge, ac- ANT. Gentle, mild, genial,
cept; receive, admit; partake kindly, poUte; mellow, sweet.
of, swallow; undertake, clear; Taste, n. Savor, relish, flavor,
tolerate, endure; consider, in- sensibility, judgment; discern-
terpret, suppose; receive, sub- ment, nicety, perception, zest^
mit to, bear. choice, elegancy, refinement.
264 ]
tas] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Disrelish, insipidity,
ill-savor, coarseness, indelicacy,
non-perception, indiscrimina-
tion.
Tasteful. Delicate, artistic, el-
egant, dainty, esthetic, exqui-
site, fastidious, fine, chaste,
nice, tasty, delicious, esthetical.
ANT. Coarse, rough, rude,
harsh, hideous, clumsy, dis-
ffusting, deformed, displeasing,
fulsome, gaudy, grotesque, dis-
tasteful, horrid, inartistic, in-
harmonious, meretricious, of-
fensive, ragged, tawdry.
Taunt, v. Ridicule, mock, jeer,
deride, revile, flout, scoff, scorn,
insult; reproach, rebuke, cen-
sure.
ANT. Compliment, flatter,
approve of, congratulate.
Teach. Discipline, instruct, tu-
tor, school, train, educate, en-
lighten, drill, inculcate, give
lessons, give instructions, in-
doctrinate, inform, initiate, in-
still, nurture.
ANT. Learn,
study, prac-
tice, investigate, experiment,
try, develop, receive, drink in,
acquire, attain, imbibe, under-
stand, glean, gather, collect.
Tedious. Wearisome, fatiguing,
irksome, tiresome; prolix, dull,
slow, monotonous, tiring, try-
ing.
ANT. Interesting, exciting,
amusing, charming, delightful,
stirring, bright, entertaining.
Tell. Enumerate, communicate,
impart, reveal, disclose, report,
acquaint, repeat, rehearse, dis-
cover; count, number, reckon,
recount; narrate, divulge; in-
form, teach; order, command,
request.
Temerity. Audacity, foolhar-
diness, rashness, presumption,
recklessness, hardihood, hasti-
ness, heedlessness, precipita-
[ 265
[terr
tion,overconfidence, precipi-
tancy, venturesomeness.
ANT. Care, caution, hesita-
tion, cowardice, timidity, wari-
ness, circum-spection.
Temporal. Transient, fleeting,
transitory, temporary; terres-
trial, worldly, secular, mun-
dane.
ANT. Eternal, permanent,
everlasting; religious, spirit-
ual.
Tendency. Proneness, drift, aim,
disposition; direction, course;
influence; inclination, leaning,
bent, bias; proclivity, aptitude,
propensity, liability.
ANT. Aversion, repulsion,
repugnance; opposition, reluc-
tance, divergence, tangency, de-
viation.
Tender. Effeminate, soft, sen-
sitive, compassionate, humane,
kind, merciful, pitiful, dear,
delicate; gentle, mild, suscep-
tible.
ANT. Hard, pitiless, callous,
careless, heedless, rough, coarse,
unkind, inhuman, unmerciful,
unfeeling ; hardy, strong, stur-
dy.
Tension. Strain, stretch, effort,
stretching, tensity, tenseness,
rigor, severity, harshness, stiff-
ness, tightness.
ANT. Relaxation, release, re-
lief, laxity, slackness, looseness.
Term. Boundary, limit; expres-
sion, phrase, word, name ; mem-
ber, condition, denomination.
Termination. Limit, end, con-
clusion, bound, result; com-
pletion, consequence, effect; ful-
filment, consummation, accom-
plishment, achievement, finis,
finality, exit, issue.
ANT. Beginning, initiation,
inception, commencement, rise f
start, origin, source, cause, pro-
cess, course.
]
ter] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Terrible. Terrific, fearful, hor- supposition, contemplation, de-
rible, shocking, awful; dread- liberation ; reflection, cogita-
ful, formidable, frightful; tre- tion, meditation, conception,
mendous ; astounding, startling. solicitude, care, concern; rea-
ANT. Insignificant, amusing, soning; idea, opinion, concept,
pleasing; unastonishing. judgment, purpose, intention,
Terse. Concise, pithy, succinct, provision.
short, brief, laconic, compact, ANT. Thoughtlessness, gid-
sententious, condensed, com- diness, carelessness, inconsider-
pendious, neat. ation, dreaminess, dulness, stu-
ANT. Long, lengthy, tedious, pidity, rashness, impulsiveness ;
wordy, diffuse, prolix, verbose. vacuity, dream, hallucination,
Testimony. Affirmation, certi- aberration.
fication, deposition, proof, evi- Threat. Menace, denunciation,
dence, witness, affidavit, attes- threatening, intimidation.
tation, oath. ANT. Promise, encourage-
ANT. Demonstration. ment, allurement, enticement;
Theory. Hypothesis, specula- anticipation.
tion; doctrine, conjecture, ex- Thrifty. Economical, saving,
planation; assumption, scheme, careful; sparing, frugal, indus-
postulate, plan; science, phil- trious, prosperous, thriving;
osophy ; exposition, rationale ; provident, foresighted.
supposition. ANT. Wasteful, prodigal, un-
ANT. Fact, truth, verity, ac- economical, lavish, spendthrift,
tuality. extravagant; slack, laay; im-
Therefore. Consequently, then, provident, unprepared.
hence, thence, whence, where- Throng. Concourse, crowd, host,
fore, accordingly. jam, mass, multitude, press.
ANT. Because, as for, inas- ANT. Solitude; unlderness,
much as, since. desert, waste.
Thick. Dense, close, compact, Tidings. Message, information,
solid, gross; muddy,
coarse, intelligence, news, rumor, re-
turbid, misty; crowded, abun- port, advices, announcement.
dant; indistinct; dull; numer- ANT. Suppression, censor-
ous; inarticulate. ship, misinformation, canard.
ANT. Thin, rare, sparse, in- Time. Epoch, era, period, date,
frequent; pure, limpid, crystal- age, eon, season, term, while,
line, clear, distinct, incompact, succession, sequence, duration.
shallow, articulate. Timid. Fearful, timorous, cow-
Think. Cogitate, contemplate ; ardly, afraid, pusillanimous,
remember, reflect, muse, medi- faint-hearted, shrinking, retir-
tate, ponder, consider, deliber- ing, shy; diffident, bashful.
ate, judge, conclude, believe; ANT. Bold, confident, ven-
purpose, intend, design, mean; turesome, courageous, adven-
presume, venture; imagine, ap- turous, heedless.
prehend. Tip. Incline, lean, list, slant,
ANT. Guess, hazard; dream, slope, tilt, cant, careen, dip,
idle, stargaze, wander, rove. heel over.
Thought. Imagination, fancy, Tire. Exhaust, fag, weary, fa-
conceit, notion, consideration, tigue, jade, harass, wear out.

[ 260 ]
tit] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [tra

ANT. Refresh, recreate, rest, ployment, commerce, dealing,

relax, relieve, repose, restore, traffic.
invigorate. ANT. Stagnation, inactivity,
Title. Epithet, name, appella- dulness, embargo; leisure, va-
tion, designation, cognomen, de- cation, idleness, vacancy.
nomination ; address, inscrip- Tragedy. Mournful drama; ca-
tion, heading, style. tastrophe, calamity, adversity,
ANT. Nondescript, nameless- disaster, affliction.
ness. ANT. Comedy, happinest,
Together. With, in company, as- mirthful drama, prosperity,
sociated, conjoined, unitedly, si- luck, good fortune.
multaneously, contemporane- Traitor. Betrayer, turncoat,
ously, coincidently. renegade, rebel, deceiver, apos-
ANT. Separately, variously, tate; insurgent, deserter, mu-
independently. tineer.
Toil. Labor, drudgery, work, ex- ANT. Patriot, adherent, de-
ertion, employment, occupation, fender, supporter.
task, travail. Tranquil. Quiet, calm, undis-
ANT. Rest, relaxation, recre- turbed, peaceful, unagitated;
ation, ease,' amusement, plea-s- unruffled, composed, poised, col-
ure, enjoyment, fun. lected, cool.
Tolerable. Endurable, bearable, ANT. Agitated, excited, un-
supportable passable, medium,
; easy, anxious, troubled, rest-
ordinary, mediocre, indiffer- less.
ent. Transact. Conduct, carry on,
ANT. Intolerable, unendur- perform, act, accomplish, da,
able, insufferable, unbearable, negotiate, treat.
insupportable. ANT. Leave alone, rest, stop,
Tool. Appliance, implement, ap- refrain, desist, cease.
paratus, mechanism, utensil, Transaction. Business, action,
machine, weapon. deed, proceeding, doing, affair,
Topic. Head, division, motion, act, negotiation, performance.
point, proposition, question, is- ANT. Inactivity, quiescence,
sue, subject, theme, matter. rest, neglect, inaction, passivity.
Torment. Pain, misery, agony, Transgression. Infringement,
anguish, torture, distress. misdemeanor, misdeed, affront;
ANT. Enjoyment, pleasure, violation, breach, fault, crime,
comfort, ease, gratification, de- offense, sin.
light. ANT. Innocence, guiltless-
Total, a. Whole, entire, full, ab- ness; purity, righteousness;
solute, complete, undivided. observance, obedience, fulfil-
ANT. Partial, imperfect, in- ment.
complete, divided, fractional, Transient. Fleeting, tempo-
sectional. rary, transitory, ephemeral,
Trace. Mark, remains, sign, ves- evanescent, brief, flitting, fly-
tige, track, token, trail, foot- ing, momentary, passing, fugi-
mark, footprint, footstep, im- tive, short.
pression, memorial, remnant. ANT. Permanent, perpetual,
Trade. Profession, occupation, lasting, enduring, abiding, im-
office, calling, avocation, em- mortal, everlasting, unfading,
( 267 ]
tra] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [turn

undying, persistent, eternal, im- ness, mishap; genuineness, art-

perishable. lessness, openhandedness.
Transparent. Translucent, pel- Triumph. Success, conquest,
lucid, clear, lucid; diaphanous; victory; ovation, celebration,
open, porous; crystalline, lim- jubilee, jubilation, exultation;
pid, bright; perspicuous. achievement, attainment.
ANT. Opaque, thick, turbid; ANT. Defeat, failure, disap-
mysterious, questionable, du- pointment, discomfiture, abor-
bious. tion, baffling.
Travel. Go, pass, journey, mi- Trouble. Affliction, sorrow, dis-
grate, move, traverse, wander, turbance, perplexity, vexation,
roam. molestation, annoyance, incon-
ANT. Dwell, reside, stay, re- venience, calamity, misfortune,
main, settle. adversity, misery; tribulation,
Treasure. Wealth, abundance, distress, disaster, torment, diffi-
plenty; money, jewels, cash, culty, anxiety.
valuables, hoard, riches, bul- ANT. Blessing, peace, com-
lion; reserve. posure, alleviation, appease-
ANT. Refuse, trash, offal; ment, pleasure, fortune, boon,
dregs, trifles. affluence, happiness, joy, suc-
Treaty. Negotiation, compact, cess, gladness, ease, facility,
agreement, covenant, alliance, amusement, recreation.
convention, contract. True. Correct, accurate, pre-
ANT. Neutrality, non-in- cise, exact; unwavering, faith-
terference, non-intervention. ful, loyal; actual, pure, real,
Tremendous. Frightful, terri- genuine; veritable.
fic, horrible, awful; fearful, ANT. Untrue, false, ficti-
appalling, alarming, horrify- tious, unreliable, incorrect, in-
ing, dreadful. accurate, inexact; vacillating,
ANT. Unappalling, incon- disloyal, faithless; counterfeit,
siderable, unimposing. impure, unreal, factitious, un-
Trial. Attempt, endeavor, es- trustworthy, adulterated, spu-
say; effort, exertion; experi- rious, fickle, treacherous.
ence, proof, test; examination, Trust, n. Confidence, belief, ex-
experiment criterion, ordeal,
; pectation, faith, hope; reliance.
assay temptation,
; trouble, ANT. Doubt, misgiving, dis-
affliction, distress, grief, suf- trust, skepticism, suspense; de-
fering, tribulation. spair.
ANT. Non-attempt; ease, fa- Truth. Fact, reality, fidelity,
tility; acceptance; oversight, conformity, exactness ;
stead-
disregard; trifle, triviality. fastness; veracity, verity; ac-
Trick. Stratagem, wile, fraud, curacy, precision, faithfulness.
cheat, juggle, finesse, sleight; ANT. Falsehood, falsity, lie,

deception, imposture, delusion, untruth, fabrication, fiction;

imposition; artifice, machina- fallacy, mistake, sophism.
tion, contrivance, legerde- Tumult. Ferment, disturbance,
main. turbulence, disorder, bluster,
ANT.Exposure, revelation, hubbub, bustle, brawl, riot; ex.
examination; blunder, botch, citement, distraction, confusion,
bungling, fumbling, maladroit- turmoil, noise.
[ 268 ]
tur] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [unc

ANT. Peace, order, orderli- ANT. Stick, stop, remain;

ness, pacification, quiet, sub- adhere, hold to; persist, con-
sidence. tinue; stabilitate, perpetuate,
Turn, n. Revolution; alteration, arrest, stereotype.
vicissitude ; winding, bending, Tutor. Teacher, instructor, pro-
meandering; stroll; succession, fessor, preceptor, master, sa-
alternation chance, occasion ;
; vant, guardian, governor.
convenience, purpose, exigence; ANT. Pupil, student, nov-
form, cast, shape, manner, fash- ice, disciple, scholar, ward,
ion; rotation, recurrence; op- learner.
portunity; deed, office, treat- Twist, Contort, writhe, con-
v.
ment, act; tendency, talent, volve; pervert, distort; wind,
gift; crisis. wreathe ; insinuate ; encircle.
ANT. Fixity, unchangeable- ANT. Straighten, untwist,
ness, immobility, uniformity, rectify, unwind,
disentangle,
stability, continuity; indepen- unravel; verify, substantiate.
dence; malformation, shape- Type. Mark, stamp, sign, em-
lessness. blem; style, semblance; repre-
Turn, v. Revolve, reverse, de- sentation, similitude, figure,
flect,change; divert, transfer, symbol, token; character, pat-
use, employ, apply, devote; al- tern, archetype, model, norm;
ter, metamorphose, transform, cast, mold, fashion.
convert; shape, mold, adapt; ANT. Caricature, monstros-
whirl; hinge, depend; eventu- ity, abnormity; falsification,
ate, issue, terminate. deviation; misrepresentation.

u
Ubiquity. Omnipresence; uni- icithout, or simply intensive,
versal presence, all-pervasive- which prefixed to nouns, ad-
ia
ness. jectives, adverbs, and the par-
ANT. Localization, limita- ticiples of verbs. Words whose
tion. meaning is simply that of the
Ugly. Loathsome, unsightly, re- root word with negative or in-
pulsive ; ill-natured,
quarrel- tensive emphasis are omitted
some; unpleasant; plain, ordi- here, and their synonyms and
nary, homely, hideous, fright- antonyms may be formed from
ful; cross, vicious. those of the root word.
ANT. Attractive, handsome, Unction. Anointing, ointment;
fair, pleasant, agreeable, beau- power, fervor, animation, fer-
tiful, shapely, comely; lovely, vency, ardor, enthusiasm, en-
kindly, good-natured, gentle. ergy, spirit, emotion.
Ultimate. Final, last, conclu- ANT. Tameness, perfunctori-
sive, farthest, extreme, most ness, coldness, lifelessness.
remote; elemental. Unctuous. Fatty, oily, greasy;
ANT. Initial, nearest, be- bland, suave, tender, fervid ; ob-
ginning, primary. sequious, fawning, servile, sye~
UXL-. A
prefix meaning not or ophantic.
[ 269 ]
und] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [unl

ANT. Blunt, brusk, abrupt; vibration; wavy outline; pul-

cynical, sarcastic; harsh, un- sation; oscillation, swelling;
mannerly, uncomplimentary. wave, ripple.
Under-. A
prefix meaning be- ANT. Equilibrium; arresta-
neath or below. Words whose tion, standing; plain, table-
meaning is simply that of the land.
root word with the meaning of Uniform. Unchanging, equable,
the prefix added are omitted consistent, homogeneous con- ;

in this place, and their syno- sonant; regular, constant, in-

nyms and antonyms may be variable, steady; similar, un-
formed in many cases from varied, alike.
those of the root word. ANT. Heterogeneous, vari-
Under, prep. Below, beneath, able, varying, diverse; irregu-
underneath. lar, inconsistent, erratic, eccen-
ANT. Above, upon, over. tric,unsymmetrical.
Understand. Know, compre- Union. Unity, connection, con-
hend ; learn, be informed, hear ; cord, combination, confederacy,
recognize, interpret; imply, alliance ; coalition, conjunc-
assume ; apprehend, discern, tion; harmony, concert, agree-
see, perceive, conceive, pene- ment ; league, confederation,
trate. consolidation; oneness, junc-
ANT. Misunderstand, mis- ture, unification.
comprehend, misinterpret; de- ANT. Disconnection, separa-
express, inform.
clare, state; tion, disjunction, disunion, di-
Understanding. Sense, intelli- vorce, severance, analysis, dis-
gence, conception, perception, sociation, contrariety, decompo-
discernment, knowledge, intu- sition, division, schism, parti-
ition, cognition, reason; inter- tion, discord, disagreement, se-
pretation; mind, brains. cession, disruption; multiplica-
ANT. Insensibility, stupid- tion, diversification.
ity, dulness, obtuseness, sense- Unique. Sole, only, unmatched,
lessness, slowness, irrational- unequalled, unparalleled, sin-
: ity, sluggishness, ignorance, un- gular, peculiar, exceptional,
intelligence. rare.
Undertake. Engage, enter, set ANT. Common, universal,
about, attempt; covenant, con- everyday, commonplace, ordi-
tract; guarantee, promise, af- nary, familiar, vulgar, mean.
firm; project, commence; stip- Unison. Harmony, agreement,
ulate. concord, union, accordance.
ANT. Abandon, drop, desist, ANT. Discord, variance, dis'
discontinue, decline; complete, agreement, divergence.
finish, end, terminate. Unit. Oneness, unity; one; in-
Undertaking. Enterprise, en- tegral; item, individual.
gagement, attempt, adventure, ANT. Sum, mass, total, ag-
business, effort, endeavor; ex- gregate, whole, collection.
periment, venture, interest, af- Unite. Add, join, attach, an (

fair,matter, concern. nex; combine, connect; agree

ANT. Leisure, inactivity; harmonize, associate, coalesce;
recreation, incorporate, consolidate, amal
Undulation. Waving motion ; gamate, blend, embody, merge >
[ 270 ]
uni] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [use

concur, coSperate, league, con- good, faithful, true, trust-

federate. worthy.
ANT. Disjoin, sever, sepa- ANT. Inclined, slanted; in-
rate, divide, resolve, discon- verted; unprincipled, dishon-
nect; disintegrate, dissociate, est, unscrupulous, corrupt, un-
sunder, diverge; multiply, split, conscientious.
disrupt. Uproar. Tumult, disturbance,
Unity. Oneness, concord, con- confusion, bustle, clamor, com-
junction, agreement, junction, motion, turmoil, racket, noise,
uniformity, harmony, union ; din.
singleness, unanimity. ANT. Peace, calm, quiet, si-
ANT. Separation, disunion, lence, order, tranquillity.
disconnection, division, disa- Urbane. Courteous, polite, re-
greement, divorce. fined, suave, elegant; civil, pol-
"Universal. General, unlimited, ished.
all-reaching; total, whole, en- ANT. Discourteous, uncivil t
tire; catholic, common; com- unrefined, impolite, rude, boor-
prehensive, exhaustive, com- ish.
plete. Urge. Animate, instigate, stimu-
ANT. Specific, special, indi- late, encourage, arouse; impel,
vidual, particular, limited, lo- press, drive; beseech, entreat,
cal, partial, exclusive, excep- importune; goad, spur, incite;
tional. hasten, accelerate, expedite.
"Up-. A
prefix giving the idea ANT. Hold back, hinder, ob-
of elevation or an intensive struct, prevent, retard, inhibit,
value. Words whose meaning restrain; defy, challenge, dare;
is derived quite simply from oppose, object.
that of the root plus that of Urgent. Urging, pressing, im-
the prefix are omitted here. portunate, immediate, impor-
Their synonyms and antonyms tant, imperative, grave, momen-
may be readily formed from tous, serious, cogent, solicitous,
those of the root word. critical, emergency, necessi-
Upbraid. Reproach, censure, tous.
blame, condemn; taunt, chide, ANT. Trivial, insignificant,
reprove. unimportant, immaterial, in-
ANT. Approve, commend, considerable.
praise, eulogize, compliment, Usage. Custom, wont, habit,
applaud. use; mode, method, manners,
Upon. On; about, concerning; behavior; practice, procedure;
with, immediately after, forth- fashion.
with. Use. Employment, application,
ANT. Under, beneath, "be- occasion, necessity, usefulness,
low; before, after, without. utility; practice, usage, cus-
Upper. Higher, superior, on tom, manner, habit; service^
top. advantage; profit, avail, need;
ANT. Lower, inferior, below, benefit.
beneath. ANT. Uselessness, misappli-
Upright. Erect, perpendicular, cation, super-fluousness, worth-
vertical; honest, just, honor- lessness, disuse, non-observ-
able, conscientious, virtuous, ance, desuetude.

[ 271 ]
use] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [vac

Useful. Advantageous, profit- usefulness, avail, benefit, ad-

able, serviceable, beneficial ; vantage, service, usableness.
fruitful, effectual, suitable, ef- ANT. Futility, inutility, in-
fective, adapted, helpful, good, adequacy, inexpediency, use-
convenient, valuable, available. lessness, folly, impolicy, disad-
ANT. Useless, profitless, un- vantage, worthlessness, un-
profitable, valueless, unservice- profitableness.
able, fruitless, inconducive, in- Utmost. Farthest, extreme, re-
effectual, unavailing, retarding, motest, last, most distant; ut-
hindering, preventive, obstruc- termost; greatest.
tive, cumbersome, burdensome, ANT. Nearest, next; least.
unusable. Utter, v. Issue, deliver, liberate,
Usual. Familiar, frequent, ordi- discharge; circulate, pass; ex-
nary, regular, wonted, preva- press, publish, disclose, speak,
lent, accustomed, common, cus- pronounce; promulgate.
tomary, everyday, general, nor- ANT. Suppress, recall, check,
mal, habitual, prevailing, pub- stifle, hush, repress; retract,
lic. disavow.
ANT. Exceptional, infre- Utter, a. Complete, perfect, to-
quent, extraordinary, strange, tal, absolute; peremp-
entire,
uncommon, unparalleled, un- tory, unconditional, unquali-
usual, out-of-the-way, singular, fied; thorough.
rare. ANT. Imperfect, incomplete;
Usurp. Arrogate, assume, ap- conditioned, qualified; partial.
propriate, seize. Utterly. Fully, totally, thor-
ANT. Inherit, accept, re- oughly.
ceive. ANT. Partially, imperfectly,
Utility. Profit, expediency, use, specifically.

Vacancy. Emptiness; leisure, gaged, employed; reflective,

intermission, idleness ; vacu- thoughtful, meaningful; brim-
um; chasm, gap; interval; va- ful, busy, crammed, inhabited,
cuity, space, void. packed, replete, brimmed, over-
ANT. Fulness, plethora, re- flowing, brimming, jammed,
pletion; business, occupation, gorged, crowded.
employment. Vacate. Empty, make vacant,
Vacant. Blank, empty, void, un- quit, resign, surrender; annul,
occupied, waste, unemployed, abrogate, cancel, invalidate, ab-
untenanted, vacuous, unfilled, scind, abolish, overrule, neu-
devoid, unencumbered, disen- tralize.
gaged, uncrowded; inane,
idle, ANT. Fill, occupy, employ,
silly; free; thoughtless, uare- hold, retain, substantiate.
flective; abandoned; inane; Vacation. Interval, intermis-
leisure; unmeaning. sion, holidays, rest, leisure.
ANT. Full, filled, occupied, ANT. Worktime, term, busi-
replenished, diligent, buaj/, en- ness.

I 272 ]
vac] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Vacillate. Fluctuate, waver, be
unsteady, stagger, reel, sway,
rock, hesitate, be inconstant,
dubitate.
ANT. Adhere, abide, deter-
mine, be steadfast, stay.
Vacillation. Wavering, fluctu-
ating, swaying, reeling, rock-
ing, fluctuation, hesitation, in-
constancy, unsteadiness.
ANT. Steadiness, firmness,
inflexibility, determination.
Vacuity. Emptiness, vacancy, factory, modest.
void, vacuum; inanity, nihil- Valediction.
ity, inanition, unreality; space.
ANT. Fulness, bulk, mat-
ter, substance; occupation, ac-
tuality, reality; contents.
Vagabond. Wanderer, vagrant,
tramp, rascal; outcast, loafer,
nomad, idler, beggar, rogue.
ANT. Worker, laborer.
Vagary. Whim, freak, crotchet,
whimsicality, caprice, fancy.
ANT. Purpose, idea, deter-
mination, judgment, serious-
ness, conviction.
Vagrant, a. Wandering, erratic,
unsettled, strolling, itinerant,
roving, sauntering, nomadic.
ANT. Domestic, local, estab-
lished, resident, abiding, dwell-
ing.
Vague. Unsettled, undetermined,
indefinite, ambiguous, lax, un-
certain, dim, doubtful, obscure,
indistinct, unfixed, general, in-
tangible, equivocal, pointless ; efficacy, force,
unwarranted, unauthorized.
ANT. Determined, limited,
strict, specific, pointed, definite,
distinct, scientific, settled, clear,
fixed, manifest, perspicuous.
Vain. Futile, trivial, vapid, vis-
ionary, worthless, abortive, un-
satisfying, fruitless, empty, de-
ceitful, baseless, delusive, boot-
less, idle, ineffectual, shadowy,
trifling, unserviceable, unsub-
stantial, profitless, inconstant,
[ 273
[val
unprofitable, null, nugatory, un-
availing, unimportant, unreal;
showy, useless ; conceited, arro-
gant, ostentatious.
ANT. Adequate, solid, use-
ful, effective, powerful, worthy,
important, sufficient, service-
able, potent, competent, advan-
tageous, beneficial, efficient, ear-
pedient, profitable, real, sound,
substantial, valid, valuable, es-
sential, cogent, availing, satis-
Farewell, valedic-
tory, leave-taking, adieu.
ANT. Salutation, welcome,
hail, reception, recognition.
Valiant. Strong, powerful, in-
trepid, courageous, brave, val-
orous, heroic, gallant, chival-
rous, daring, dauntless, bold,
fearless, redoubtable, undaunt-
ed, stout-hearted.
ANT. Timid, cowardly, fear-
ful, timorous, recreant, craven.
Valid. Sound, good, justified,
trustworthy, well-grounded, effi-
cacious, weighty, powerful, effi-
cient, conclusive, logical, solid,
cogent, important, grave, sub-
stantial, sufficient.
ANT. Weak, invalid, null,
void, unsound, baseless, falla-
cious, unfounded, untrue; un-
available, inoperative, super-
seded.
Validity. Soundness, justness,
weight, cogency,
importance.
ANT. Weakness, impotency,
ineffectiveness, lightness, futil-
ity.
Valor. Bravery, courage, prow-
ess, intrepidity, heroism, bold-
ness, daring.
ANT. Timidity, fearfulness,
cowardice, pusillanimity.
Valuable. Worthy, estimable,
costly, precious, expensive, use-
ful, dear, serviceable.
]
val] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [var

ANT. Worthless, valueless, Variable. Changeable, fickle, in-

cheap, inexpensive, silly, use-
less, trifling, trivial.
Value, n. Worth, utility, desir-
ability, importance, power; im-
port, signification; esteem, re-
gard, excellence; price, cost,
equivalent.
ANT. Cheapness, reduction,
depreciation.
Value, v. Compute, esteem,
spect, regard; be worth, rate,
appraise, estimate; appreciate,
prize, treasure, account.
ANT. Cheapen, reduce, con-
temn, despise, undervalue, un-
derestimate; disregard, dises-
teem, misprize.
Vanish. Disappear, fade, pass
away, dissolve, melt away, be
annihilated.
ANT.Appear, approach,
manifest, loom up, arrive.
Vanity. Pride, conceit; unreal-
ity, worthiessness, emptiness ;
hollo wness, triviality, futility,
unsubstantiality, falsity; ego-
ism, self-sufficiency; show, os-
tentation.
ANT. Reality, truth, worth;
simplicity; modesty, humility,
self -distrust ; substance, solid-
ity.
Vanquish. Conquer, overcome,
subdue, defeat, surmount, con-
fute, silence; subjugate, over-
throw, master, foil, discomfit,
quell; disprove, confound.
ANT. Succumb, yield, fail.
Vapid. Dead, spiritless, flat, in-
sipid, dull, unanimated; taste-
less, stale, tame; languid, pro-
saic, feeble, prosy.
ANT. Pungent, spirited, ani-
mated, pithy, trenchant.
Vapor, n. Fume, steam, reek, ex-
halation, smoke, fog, mist; va-
gary, phantom, whim, dream,
vision ;
flatulence fantasy.
; Vary. Alter, change, modify, al-
ANT. Inhalation, absorption.
constant, mutable, shifting, un-
steady, vacillating, wavering,
fluctuating, versatile, capri-
cious.
ANT. Unchanging, immu-
table, constant, firm, unwaver-
ing, steady, invariable, unalter-
able.
Variance. Variation, dissension,
re- disagreement, discord, differ-
ence, alteration, strife; hostil-
ity, antagonism, discrepancy,
estrangement.
ANT. Harmony, agreement,
assimilation, reconciliation, ac-
commodation, peace.
Variation. Modification, alter-
ation, mutation, change, diver-
sity, vicissitude, variety, devia-
tion; departure, difference, dis-
'be crepancy.
ANT. Fixity, harmony, con-
tinuance, uniformity, rule, law,
agreement.
Variegated. Streaked, dappled,
particolored, diversified, varied,
checkered, figured, mottled.
ANT. Unspotted, spotless,
speckless.
Variety. Diversity, difference, as-
sortment, species, class, multi-
far iousness, medley, miscellany,
multiplicity, kind.
ANT. Type, species, speci-
men, uniformity.
Various. Different, diverse, sev-
eral, manifold, changeable, un-
certain,inconstant, variable,
variegated, sundry, diversified.
ANT. Identical, few, same,
uniform, similar, single.
Varnish, v. Gloss, palliate, con-
ceal, cover, embellish, disguise,
lacquer, extenuate, excuse, mit-
igate, glaze over.
ANT. Simplify, divest; re-
veal, bare, manifest.
ternate, diversify, variegate,
[ 274 ]
vas] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [vea

differ, deviate, depart, be di- furious, urgent, mighty, for-

verse, swerve, disagree, trans- cible, powerful, sanguine, en-
form, metamorphose. thusiastic.
ANT. Stereotype, perpetu- ANT. Cool, impassive, indif-
ate: conform, assimilate, har- ferent, feeble, mild, controlled,
monize. subdued, cold, stoical, passion-
Vast. Spacious, huge, immense, less, weak, inanimate.
great, mighty, transcendent, Veil, v. Cover, invest, hide, con-
measureless, boundless, colos- ceal, screen, mask, shroud, en-
sal, enormous, stupendous, pro- velop.
digious, gigantic, monstrous, re- ANT. Expose, disclose, strip,
markable, extraordinary. denude, unveil, make manifest.
ANT. Moderate, limited, con- Velocity. Celerity, fleetness, ra-
fined, circumscribed, narrow, pidity, speed, swiftness; impe-
close, small. tus, momentum.
Vaticination. Prediction, div- ANT. Inertia, sluggishness,
ination, prophecy, prognostica- inertness; resistance; passiv-
tion, augury. ity, languor, inactivity.
ANT. Fulfilment, ratifica- Venal. Mercenary, hireling, sor-
tion, realization, verification, did, purchasable, salable, pros-
accomplish m en t . titute.
Vault. Jump,
spring, bound, ANT. Honest, honorable, in-
leap; tumble, turn. corruptible, public-spirited, pa-
ANT. Crawl, creep, grovel. triotic, unpurchasable, gener-
Vaunt. Boast, brag, display, ous, disinterested.
show off; advertise, flourish, Vend. Barter, trade, sell, hawk,
parade. retail.
ANT. Conceal, disparage, de- ANT. Buy, purchase, bribe,
cry, detract, repress, suppress. subsidize.
Veer. Shift, turn, change, trim, Venerable. Worthy, honorable,
vacillate. estimable; dread, awful; sage,
ANT. Stand, stick, adhere, wise, grave.
persist, remain. ANT. Despicable, dishon-
Vegetate. Sprout, grow, germi- ored; informal, free, intimate,
nate; bask, idle, hibernate. easy; foolish, silly.
ANT. Decay, fade, wither, Venerate. Honor, respect, re-
pine; bustle, energize, work, vere, reverence, adore, admire,
stir. worship.
Vehemence. Impetuosity, vio- ANT. Dishonor, disregard,
lence, fury, frenzy, ardor, fer- scorn, scoff at, slight, spurn, de-
vor, fervency, warmth, zeal, en- test, disdain, despise, contemn,
thusiasm, passion, force, inten- abhor, execrate.
sity. Veneration. Reverence, adora-
ANT.Passivity, inertia, qui- tion, respect, awe, worship, es-
escence, coldness, stoicism, in- teem, dread.
difference, unconcern, apathy, ANT. Irreverence, loathing,
inattention. disrespect, contempt, disdain,
Vehement. Raging, hot, ar- dishonor, scorn.
dent, fervid, burning, passion- Vengeance. Punishment, retri-
ate, eager, violent, impetuous, bution, revenge, retaliation.
[ 275 ]
ven] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [ver

ANT. Forgiveness, pardon, ANT. Timid, fearful, diffi-

reprieve, indulgence, amnesty,
remission, absolution.
Venial. Excusable, justifiable,
pardonable, slight, trivial.
ANT. Inexcusable, heinous,
unpardonable, flagrant, mortal,
infamous, unjustifiable, inex-
piable.
Venom. Virus, bane, poison;
Bpite, malice, malignity, hate,
ill will, maliciousness, rancor,
grudge, bitterness, acrimony.
ANT. Medicine, remedy; be-
nevolence, kindness, good will.
Venomous. Poisonous, malig-
nant, noxious, mischievous, vir-
ulent, spiteful.
ANT. Wholesome, remedial,
salubrious ; kindly, compas-
sionate, genial.
Vent. Outlet, escape, emission,
utterance, discharge, opening,
hole, passage; market, sale.
ANT. Close, stop-gap, end,
termination, obstruction, stop-
page.
Venture, n. Chance, risk, haz-
ard, speculation; accident, con-
tingency; stake, adventure, ex-
periment; luck, hap; danger,
jeopardy.
ANT. Certainty, surety, se-
curity, inevitableness, assur-
ance; safety, protection; law,
method; caution, calculation.
Venture, v. Dare, hazard, ad-
venture, risk, jeopardize,
peril, chance.
ANT. Calculate, warrant, se-
cure, guarantee, protect.
Venturesome. Bold, daring,
venturous, hardy, courageous,
intrepid, enterprising, doughty,
fearless.
dent, shy.
Veracious. True, truthful, re-
liable, trustworthy, straight-
forward, honest, credible.
ANT. False, deceitful, men-
dacious, lying, dishonest, per-
fidious.
Veracity. Honesty, truthful-
ness, reality, candor, truth, in-
genuousness, frankness, verity,
exactness, correctness, accuracy.
ANT. Deception, duplicity,
falsehood, fiction, guile, men-
dacity, untruth, lie, delusion,
fabrication, deceit, error, false-
ness, falsity, imposture.
Verbal. Spoken, oral, literal,
parole, vocal, unwritten, unre-
corded.
ANT. Written, recorded, epis-
tolary, documentary.
Verbose. Wordy, prolix, diffuse,
prosy, tedious.
ANT. Laconic, terse, concise,
succinct, curt.
Verdict. Decision, judgment,
opinion, pronouncement, find-
ing, sentence.
ANT. Indecision, indetermi-
nation.
Verge, n. Border, limit, bound-
ary, edge, margin, brink; cir-
cumference, circle, ring; rim,
brim, confine, skirt.
ANT. Center, midst, heart,
depth.
im- Verge, v.
Tend, incline, slope,
lean, bear, border, ap-
trend,
proach, approximate.
ANT. Deviate, recede, revert,
ad- return, depart, retrocede.
Verify. Prove, correct, estab-
lish, confirm, authenticate, af-
firm corroborate, attest, sub-
;

ANT. Fearsome, timid, re- stantiate; fulfil, demonstrate,

luctant, averse, loath, unwill- warrant.
ing. ANT. Falsify, misrepresent,
Venturous. Bold, daring, fear- subvert, misstate, fail, dises-
less, venturesome. tablish, mistake.

[ 276 ]
ver} SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [vie

Verisimilitude. Likelihood, ANT. Novice, recruit, tyro.

probability, consistency.
ANT. Improbability, incon-
sistency, unlikelihood.
Veritable. Actual, real, genuine,
true; positive, absolute; orig-
inal, authentic.
ANT. False, fictitious, sham,
spurious, untrue, feigned, sup-
posititious.
Verity. Fact, truth, reality, ac-
tuality, existence, truthfulness.
ANT. Falsity, unreality, de-
lusion, fancy, dream, conjec-
ture, hypothesis.
Vernal. Spring, balmy, genial,
youthful.
ANT. Wintry, aged, autum-
nal, decadent, brumal, harsh,
cutting.
Versatile. Changeable, incon-
sistent, variable, many-sided,
capricious, erratic, fickle, un-
stable; mobile, plastic, ready.
ANT. Fixed, uniform, one-
Veto. Prohibit, forbid, negative,
withhold assent to.
ANT. Pass, approve, assent
to, promulgate, endorse.
Vex. Agitate, disquiet, harass,
afflict, tease,weary, jade; tor-
ment, worry, hector, distress,
annoy, trouble, perplex, bother,
persecute, fret, irritate, offend,
provoke, affront, disturb, tan-
talize.
ANT. Please, soothe, quiet,
allay, appease.
Vexation. Chagrin, agitation,
mortification, uneasiness, grief,
trouble, sorrow, distress, irri-
tation, displeasure, affliction,
plague, torment.
ANT. Pleasure, enjoyment,
gratification, satisfaction.
Vibrate. Swing, oscillate, fluc-
tuate, quiver, waver, undulate,
quake.
ANT. Rest, be still.

sided, immobile, immutable, un- Vice. Crime, sin, fault, iniquity;

varied. defect, error, blemish, imper-
Versed. Experienced, studied, fection, immorality, depravity,
practiced, skilled, acquainted, wickedness evil, corruption.
;

conversant, proficient, familiar, ANT. Virtue, goodness, per-

clever, indoctrinated. fection, righteousness, nobility,
ANT. Unskilled, ignorant, honor.
unpracticed, untaught, uniniti- Vicinity. Neighborhood, vici-
ated. nage, nearness, proximity, pro-
Version. Account, description, pinquity.
translation, rendering, inter- ANT. Distance, remoteness,
pretation, reading; statement. separation, removal.
ANT. Text, problem, diffi- Vicious. Faulty, wicked, cor-
culty; misinterpretation. rupt, depraved foul, noxious,
;

Vertical. Perpendicular, plumb, defective, unruly, refractory,

upright.
ANT. Inclined, slanting, slop-
ing.
Vestige. Trace, mark, footstep,
track, sign, remains, trail, to-
ken, remnant, record.
ANT. Misindieation; oblit-
eration, effacement.
Veteran. Old soldier; expert,
adept, proficient; habituS.
spiteful, malignant, mischiev-
ous, immoral.
ANT. Virtuous, pure, good,
upright, noble, moral, perfect.
Vicissitude. Change, alterna-
tion, mutation, interchange, va-
riation, revolution.
ANT. Fixity, changeless ness,
stability, perpetuity, immut<t-
bility.

[ 277
vic] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Victorious. Conquering, trium-
phant, winning, successful, ex-
ultant, elated, boastful, van-
quishing, subduing, prevailing,
overcoming, mastering, subju-
gating.
ANT. Defeated, worsted, hu-
miliated, beaten, baffled, dis-
comfited, conquered, overcome,
vanquished, routed, repulsed,
foiled, disconcerted.
Victory. Success, supremacy,
triumph, achievement, advan-
tage, conquest, mastery.
ANT. Defeat, disaster, de-
struction, overthrow, miscar-
riage, retreat, rout, failure,
disappointment, frustration.
Victuals. Food, provisions, vi-
ands, sustenance, meat.
View, n. Sight, look, survey,
inspection; perception, exami-
nation; reach, range; scene,
prospect ; sketch ; conception,
judgment, opinion; object, aim,
purpose, design; vista, perspec-
tive; picture, intention, scope,
drift; estimate; apprehension.
ANT. Blindness, darkness,
obscuration, mistiness; preju-
dice, misconception, misrepre-
sentation, deception, error, de-
lusion, aimlessness, non-inten-
tion, occultation.
View, v. See, behold, look at,
survey, examine, inspect, ex-
plore, consider, contemplate, re-
gard, scan, witness, study, re-
flect upon, reconnoiter.
ANT. Overlook, neglect, pass
by, miss, slight, ignore; mises-
timate, misjudge.
Vigilance. Sleeplessness, wake-
fulness, watchfulness, circum-
spection, attentiveness, wari-
ness, cautiousness, caution, ac-
tivity, lookout, alertness, ob-
servation.
A:XT. Torpor, dulness, inat-
tention, somnolence, careless-
[ 278
[vin
drowsiness, indifference,
ness,
apathy.
Vigilant. Alert, awake, careful,
on the alert, on the lookout,
wary, watchful, wakeful, wide-
awake, sleepless, cautious, cir-
cumspect.
ANT. Negligent, thoughtless,
unwary, oblivious, drowsy, in-
attentive, careless, dull, heed-
less, inconsiderate, neglectful,
incautious.
Vigorous. Full of vigor, strong,
lusty, robust; forcible, ener-
getic, powerful, sturdy, hearty,
thrifty, flourishing, spirited,
lively.
ANT. Weak, impotent, inca-
pacitated, feeble, inactive, debil-
itated, powerless, effete, ener-
vated, indolent.
Vile. Low, base, worthless, des-
picable, mean, depraved, im-
pure, sinful, wicked, bad, dis-
honorable, ignoble, degraded,
sordid, infamous, low-minded.
ANT. Noble, exalted, honor-
able, upright, estimable, great,
worthy, eminent, liberal, free,
generous, superior, dignified,
sublime, stately.
Villain. Scoundrel, knave, ras-
cal, scamp, ruffian, rogu;
malefactor.
ANT. Oentleman, man of re-
finement, polish, delicacy, and
honor.
Villainous. Base, vile, mean, de-
praved; sorry, mischievous, in-
famous, knavish heinous, sin-
;
ful, outrageous, atrocious.
ANT. Gentlemanly, noble,
refined, honorable, worthy, up-
right.
Vindicate. Maintain, defend,
justify; assert, protest, pro-
nounce, declare, asseverate ; up-
hold, claim, substantiate, sup-
port, advocate.
AXT. Surrender, yield, givt
]
Yin] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [vis

up, resign; abandon, forego, ANT. Stated, direct, definite,

waive; destroy, annul, vitiate; expressed, explicit, emphatic,
accuse, charge, impute, tax, categorical.
slur. Virtue. Energy, strength, po-
Vindictive. Revengeful, unfor- tency, efficacy; value, merit,
giving, implacable, spiteful, un- excellence ; worth, meritori-
relenting, malicious. ousnesa; integrity, purity, vir-
ANT. Forgiving, generous, ginity, chastity; goodness, mo-
merciful, long-suffering, mag- rality, uprightness, rectitude,
nanimous. probity, righteousness ; force,
Violate. Injure, disturb, inter- power, capacity ; honor, worthi-
rupt, transgress, desecrate, de- ness, honesty, truth, duty, vir-
bauch, dishonor, outrage, pro- tuousness, faithfulness, justice.
fane, abuse, infringe, ravish. ANT. Inability, weakness,
ANT. Respect, protect, rev- impotency, inefficacy ; badness,
erence, honor, value, prize, fos- corruption, impurity, unchas-
ter, shelter. tity, depravity, wickedness, laa-
Violence. Vehemence, impetu- ity, dishonesty.
osity, fierceness, force, viola- Virtuous. Excellent, upright,
tion, infraction, infringement, righteous, pure, chaste; good,
transgression, profanation, as- honest, exemplary, blameless,
sault, outrage. worthy, modest.
ANT. Preservation, defense, ANT. Wicked, bad, wrong,
protection; mildness, self-con- unrighteous, impure, dishonest,
trol, gentleness, respect, obedi- worthless, immodest, blame-
ence, conservation. worthy.
Violent. Fierce, vehement, out- Virulence. Malignancy, virus,
rageous, boisterous, turbulent, contagion, poison, venom; bit-
impetuous, passionate, severe, terness, malevolence, acrimony.
extreme. ANT. Mildness, blandness,
ANT. Sane, sober, calm, col- salubriousness, abatement, as-
lected, unruffled, composed, suagement; potency; benevo~
cool. lence, virtue.
Virgin, n. Maid, maiden, girl, Visible. Perceptible, noticeable,
damsel. apparent, open, conspicuous, ob-
ANT. Wife, mother, married vious, manifest, evident, clear,
woman; prostitute, whore. plain, observable, palpable, dis-
Virgin, a. Chaste, maidenly, cernible.
modest; pure, undefiled, fresh, ANT. Invisible, unseen, itn~
new. perceptible, concealed, eclipsed,
ANT. Married, matronly, indistinguishable, impalpable,
motherly; defiled, polluted. microscopic, indiscernible.
Virile. Mature, masculine mas- ; Vision. Sight; apparition, crea-
terful, forceful; robust, vigor- tion, phantom, fancy, specter,
ous. appearance, chimera, illusion,
ANT. Feminine; feeble, ef- phantasm.
feminate, puerile, emasculate. ANT. Material, substance;
Virtual. Potential, efficacious, reality, fact, actuality.
energizing, implicit, indirect, Visionary. Fanciful, fantastic,
practical, essential, equivalent. unreal, imaginary, ideal, chi-

[ 279 ]
Tit] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [vol

merical, fantastical, wild, ANT. Disfavor, desuetude,

whimsical, capricious, illusory, disuse, unfashionableness, abo-
romantic, shadowy, dreamy, un- lition.
substantial, fabulous. Voice, n. Sound, utterance, tone;
ANT. Actual, real, true, sub- language, words, speech, judg-
stantial, genuine, palpable, au- ment, expression, vote; com-
thentic, veritable. mand, precept; opinion.
Vital. Living; mortal; impor- ANT. Dumbness, silence, in-
tant, necessary, essential ; ani- expression, muteness, inarticu-
mate ; indispensable, material, lation, obtumescence.
Void, a. Empty, vacant, devoid,
paramount.
ANT. Mortal, lifeless, inani- wanting, ineffectual, destitute,
mate, secondary, separable, un- lacking; unoccupied, unused,
essential, unimportant, immate- unfilled; null, invalid, nuga-
rial. tory; vain, unreal, imaginary,
Vitiate. Impair, contaminate, unsubstantial.
annul, spoil, void, destroy, in- ANT. Occupied, solid, sub-
jure; cause to deteriorate, stantial, possessed, endued; ef-
taint; invalidate. fectual, valid, operative, good,
ANT. Adhere to, corroborate, efficacious, furnished.
support, confirm, substantiate, Volatile. Light-hearted, airy;
justify, sanction, vindicate; re- changeable, fickle; lively, evap-
fresh, improve, remedy. orating, vaporable, vivacious,
Vivacious. Animated, sportive, buoyant, jocund inconstant,
;

gay, jocund, light-hearted; flighty, whimsical, capricious,

merry, sprightly; brisk, frolic- unsteady, reckless.
some, spirited, cheerful, mirth- ANT. Fixed, steady, estab-
ful. lished, determined, solid, set-
ANT.Inanimate, dead, life- tled; persistent, resolute; in-
less, heavy, somber,
spiritless, volatile; somber, demure. i

melancholy, mournful, sad, in- Volition. Will, choice, prefer-

ert, dull, stolid. ence, determination, purpose;
Vivid. Clear, lucid, striking, ac- discretion, free will, election,
tive, lively,quick; fresh, in- deliberation.
tense, animated, bright, strong, ANT. Necessity, force, pre-
spirited, sprightly brilliant,
; destination, fate, coercion, fore-
lustrous, radiant, glowing, scin- ordination.
tillant, sunny. Voluble. Rotating; nimble, glib;
ANT. Dull, opaque, lurid, ob- active; fluent, loquacious, talk-
scure, rayless, somber, cloudy, ative, rapid, running, coursing.
dark, colorless, dim, pale, wan, ANT. Direct; slow, deliber-
dusky, non-luminous. ate, hesitating, stuttering, tor-
Vocation. Call, summons, cita- pid, stammering, creeping, lazy.
tion; business, profession, em- Volume. Book, tome; convolu-
ployment, calling, occupation, tion, coil; dimension, mass, ca-
trade; function, mission, office. pacity, bulk, size.
ANT. Leisure, non-employ- ANT. Minuteness, smallness.
ment; avocation, hobby. Voluntary. Spontaneous, will-
Vogue. Mode, custom, way, use, ing, un compel led free, impul-
;

fashion, practice, usage. sive; unconstrained, deliberate,

[ 280 ]
vol] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [wak

intentional, optional, gratui- nounce, protest against, demur,

tous, by choice; discretional. decline, abnegate.
ANT. Coerced, forced, invol- Vouchsafe. Grant, concede, be-
untary, compulsory, necessi- stow; condescend, deign, stoop,
tated, constrained. descend, yield.
Volunteer, v. Offer, bestow, or ANT. Deny, refuse, toithhold.
act freely, proffer, tender, pre- Vow, n. Promise, pledge; oath,
sent. asseveration.
ANT. Levy, draft, requisi- Vow, v. Devote, promise, conse-
tion, request, demand, suborn, crate, dedicate; assert, assever-
confiscate. ate, swear.
Voluptuous. Sensual, sensuous, ANT. Release, absolve, free;
epicurean 5 luxurious, pleasur- pollute, defile, profane.
able, licentious, self-indul- Vulgar. Common, general, ordi-
gent. nary, public; vernacular; ple-
ANT. Self-sacrificing, absti- beian ; popular ; rustic, boorish,
nent, ascetic, self-denying, aus- low, coarse, base, underbred.
tere, puritanical, renuncia- ANT. Noble, aristocratic, pa-
tory. trician, high-born, refined, po-
Voracious. Hungry, greedy, ra- lite, high-bred, stylish, select,
pacious, eager, ravenous, glut- choice, cultivated; strict, scien-
tonous, insatiate, omnivorous. tific, philosophical, technical,
ANT. Fastidious, dainty, re- accurate.
fined, delicate, nice. Vulnerable. Susceptible, liable,
Vouch.. Declare, affirm, attest, subject, assailable, weak, ten-
support, asseverate, aver, pro- der, exposed.
test, assure,promise, warrant, ANT. Impregnable, unassail-
guarantee. able, unexposed, concealed, for-
ANT. Repudiate, abjure, re- tified, defended.

w
Waft. Bear, convey, transmit, ANT. Hasten, hurry, speed,
carry, transport, make to float press on; go, depart.
on waves ( of air or icater). Waive. Relinquish, forbear, re-
ANT. Sink, weigh down, de- fuse, forego; throw away, cast
press. desert; abandon, re-
off, reject,
Wages. Salary, stipend, allow- mit, quit claim, cancel, drop,
ance, remuneration, fruit, hire, renounce, surrender.
pay, compensation ; earnings ; ANT. Urge, assert, press,
reward, emolument. enforce, claim, defend, vindi-
ANT. Gratuity, bonus, pre- cate.
mium, grace, douceur, gift, Wake. Be awake, watch; ex-
boon. cite, arouse, stir; reanimate,
Wait. Stay, tarry, delay, stop, revive; call, evoke, summon,
abide, remain, linger; rest; ex- provoke.
pect, watch, await, look for. ANT. Soothe, hush, tranquil*
[ 281 ]
wak] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [war

ise, quiet; mesmerize; allay, tector; defense, protection; cus-

appease, calm.
WakefuL Vigilant, awake, sleep-
less watchful, observant, wary.
; apartment.
ANT. Drowsy, sleepy; heed-
less, careless, incautious, un-
wary.
Walk. Move on foot, proceed;
be stirring, be abroad; behave,
pursue, conduct one's self; per-
ambulate, pass, traverse; step,
stride, march, stalk,
plod, trudge, tread.
ANT. Halt, stop, stand still;
ride, drive.
Wan. Pale, sickly, languid, pal-
lid; ashen, colorless, haggard,
cadaverous; livid, bloodless.
ANT. Fresh-colored, bright,
rosy, lively, sanguine, incarna-
dine.
Wander. Straggle, stroll, range ;
turn aside; be delirious, rave;
be crazed; expatiate; depart,
saunter navigate, travel ; devi-
; tary, friendly, pacific, amicable.
ate, diverge, err, ramble, go
astray, rove, stray, veer, roam,
ewerve, digress.
ANT. Remain, stay,
rest, stop, pause, moor, anchor,
perch, bivouac, halt,
tody; keeper, guardian, war-
den; pupil, minor; division!
Ward, v. Watch, guard; defend,
protect; repel, turn aside; be
vigilant; keep guard, avert, re-
pel, parry, fend.
ANT. Betray, surrender, ad-
mit.
Warfare. Hostilities, war; con-
tramp, test, struggle; strife, discord;
belligerence, antagonism; cam-
paign, battle, skirmish, engage-
ment.
ANT. Peace, truce, armis-
tice; amity, pacification; neu-
trality ; reconciliation; tran-
quillity, friendliness, harmony,
order, quiet, concord.
Warlike. Military, martial, hos-
tile, inimical, belli-
soldierly,
cose, unfriendly, belligerent.
ANT. Peaceful, civil, unmili-
Warm. Ardent, zealous, fervent,
cordial, hot, glowing; violent,
vehement, furious, excited, pas-
settle, sionate; warm-blooded, warm-
hearted; sunny, mild, genial,
alight, pleasant ; close, oppressive fer-
;

repose. vid, earnest, eager, enthusias-

Wane. Be diminished, decrease
decline, fail, sink; fade, pale;
ebb; pine, droop, deteriorate,
attenuate, contract, recede.
ANT. Wax, increase, rally,
improve, brighten, expand, de-
velop, advance.
Want, n. Defect, failure, dearth,
indigence, absence, scarcity, de-
ficiency, lack; destitution, pov-
erty, need, shortness, insuffi-
ciency, scantiness.
ANT. Supply, sufficiency, al-
lowance, provision, abundance,
production, adequacy, supple-
ment.
Ward, n. Watch, guardianship,
guard; garrison, defender, pro- Warn.
[ 282 ]
; tic, hearty; lively, interested;
irascible.
ANT. Cool, cold; dispassion-
ate, collected, composed, calm,
unruffled, placid, sedate, quiet,
staid; unconcerned, frigid, apa-
thetic, chilling; repellent.
Warmth. Fervency, glow, ear-
nestness, cordiality, animation,
eagerness, excitement, vehe-
mence ; interest, zeal, ardor, en-
thusiasm, passion, fervor, heat,
intensity, spirit; emotion, life.
ANT. Coolness, calmness, in-
difference, frigidity, torpidity,
apathy, impassiveness ; calm,
chill, obtuseness, frost, iciness.
Make ware, notify, ad-
war] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [way

monish, caution; advise, men- pair,renew; develop, multiply,

tion to, inform, apprise; dis-
suade, deter, alarm, premonish.
ANT. Encourage, embolden,
inspirit, hearten, induce, insti-
gate, prompt, impel.
"Warrant, n. Guaranty, secur-
ity, voucher; commission, cre-
dentials.
Warrant, v. Secure, guarantee,
support, justify, sanction, as-
sure; empower, engage, under-
take, authorize.
ANT. Invalidate, nullify, re-
pudiate, cancel, make void; en-
danger, imperil.
Wary. Circumspect, watchful,
cautious, vigilant, prudent, dis- Watch, v. Be awake, keep vigil,
creet, heedful, thoughtful, care-
ful, guarded, scrupulous, chary.
ANT. Unsuspecting, unwary,
incautious, negligent, heedless,
inattentive, indifferent, remiss.
Wash, v. Cleanse, wet, scrub, Watchful. Circumspect, wake-
moisten, bathe, lave; overflow,
fall on; waste, abrade; stain,
tint, color; overlay, cover;
cleanse, rinse.
ANT. Soil, stain, pollute, de-
file, contaminate, bemire.
Waste, n. Squandering, devasta-
tion, loss, decrease; void, des- Waver.
ert, wilderness; refuse; prodi-
gality, diminution, dissipation,
destruction, havoc, desolation,
ravage; solitude, expanse; con-
sumption, expenditure, extrava-
gance.
ANT. renova-
Restoration,
tion, reimbursement, renewal,
recovery, restitution, repara-
tion; accumulation, frugality,
economy, thrift, hoard, store,
accretion.
Waste, v. Squander, dissipate,
lavish, desolate ruin, devas-
; course, highway, pathway, high-
tate, destroy; wear away, im-
pair, use up, consume, spend;
damage, injure.
ANT. Restore, renovate, re-
[ 283
augment; economize, hoard, ac-
cumulate, treasure, husband,
protect.
Waste, a. Desolate, devastated,
stripped, bare, dreary, dismal,
gloomy, cheerless ; worthless,
valueless, refuse, rejected, un
used, superfluous.
ANT. Populated, occupied,
cheerful, lively; valuable, use-
ful, essential, necessary.
Wasteful. Destructive, ruinous;
lavish, prodigal, profuse, ex-
travagant.
ANT. Careful, economical,
frugal, protective.
be on guard, tend; heed, ob-
serve, expect.
ANT. Sleep, drowse, slum-
ber; be careless, neglect, over-
look.
ful, heedful; vigilant, awake,
attentive, wary, cautious, ob-
servant.
ANT. Drowsy, slumbrous, in-
observant, careless, heedless, in-
attentive, unwary, incautious,
remiss, distracted, inadvertent.
Reel, totter, vacillate,
fluctuate, hesitate, dubitate, be
undetermined, alternate, be
perplexed, scruple.
ANT. Decide, choose, settle,
determine, dispose of, be stead-
fast.
Wavering, n. Fluctuation, hesi-
tancy, indecision, vacillation;
uncertainty, irresolution.
ANT. Decision, determina-
tion, resolution, promptness.
Way. Path, road, route, street,
track, alley, avenue, channel,
road, driveway, lane, pass, pas-
sageway, passage, thoroughfare,
roadway; distance, interval;
motion, progression, journey;
]
way] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
means, scheme, device, plan; Weakness. Feebleness, debility,
manner, method, mode, fashion, languor, imbecility, infirmity,
style ; practice, habit, habitude,
custom, wont.
ANT. Deviation, error, dis-
cursion; deflection, divergence,
rambling, wandering; excep-
tion, variation.
"Wayward. Disobedient, head-
strong, froward, perverse, wil-
ful, obstinate, stubborn, unruly,
capricious, contrary.
ANT. Amenable, docile, man-
ageable, compliant, obedient.
Weak. Feeble, infirm, sickly, ex-
hausted, unable ; deficient ; soft,
pliant, frail; low, faint; spir-
itless; foolish, wavering, lack-
ing; debilitated, unsound, in-
valid, fragile, delicate, tender;
exposed, unguarded, defense-
less; pliable, irresolute; simple,
silly, witless, shallow, imbecile,
childish ; injudicious, unwise
insipid, tasteless, thin, diluted,
watery; imprudent, indiscreet,
erring; flimsy, slight, frivolous;
unsafe, unsubstantial, un-
trustworthy ineffectual.
; trying, wearing; prosy, monot-
ANT. Strong, sturdy, vigor-
ous, hardy, robust, powerful;
sound, hale, healthy, stout,
able; efficient, capable, potent,
mighty; firm, compact, secure,
impregnable; forcible, intense,
energetic; biting, sharp, racy,
pungent; rank; tough, tena-
cious, cohesive, resisting; stren-
uous, ardent, eager, zealous,
hearty; vivid, brilliant; solid,
substantial; valid, confirmed,
binding.
"Weaken. Debilitate, enfeeble,
enervate; invalidate; depress,
impair, reduce, lower, sap, di-
lute, attenuate.
ANT. Strengthen, empower,
invigorate; confirm, corrobo-
rate, substantiate; augment, in-
crease, mend, improve; enhance.
I 284
[wed
decrepitude, faintness, frailty.
ANT. Strength, vigor, tone,
health, power, efficiency, nerve,
spirit.
Wealth. Riches, affluence, opu-
lence, abundance, plenty, for-
tune, competence, estate, treas-
ure, money, funds, cash, prop-
erty; luxury, satiety.
ANT. Poverty, scarcity, in-
digence, lack, want, need, impe-
cuniosity.
Wear. Carry, bear, have on ; use
up; impair, waste, diminish,
consume; last; don, exhibit,
sport.
ANT. Doff, abandon; renew,
renovate, repair; increase, aug-
ment, swell.
Weariness. Fatigue, languor,
exhaustion, lassitude, prostra-
; tion, depression.
ANT. Strength, vigor, force,
energy, restedness.
Wearisome. Tiresome, tedious,
irksome, vexatious, fatiguing;
onous, annoying, uninterest-
ing; toilsome, laborious.
ANT. Easy, pleasing, com-
fortable; invigorating; facile;
interesting, exciting, fascinat-
ing, delightful, amusing, stir-
ring.
Weary, a. Fatigued, tiresome,
irksome, wearisome ; tired, sick,
exhausted.
ANT. Energetic, strong, re-
freshed, invigorated : pleased,
interested.
Weave. Interlace, unite; com-
pose, fabricate; intwine, plait,
braid, plat.
ANT. Disentangle, unravel,
untwist, disunite, untwine; ex-
tricate, simplify.
Wed. Marry, espouse; unite, at-
tach.
]
wed] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [who
'

ANT. Separate, divorce. Well, a. Good, desirable, fortu-

Wedding. Marriage, bridal, es- nate, advantageous; healthy;
pousals, nuptials, nuptial cere- favored, lucky; hale, sound.
mony. ANT. Ill, sickly, diseased,
ANT. Celibacy, bachelorhood, unwell, poorly; unlucky, unfor-
virginity. tunate.
Wedlock. Marriage, matrimony, Well, adv. Justly, rightly, abun-
nuptial state. dantly, fully, adequately, thor-
ANT. Celibacy, bachelorhood, oughly, satisfactorily, advanta-
virginity. geously, conveniently, properly.
Weep. Cry, shed tears, lament, ANT. Ill, wrongly, poorly,
complain ;drip, be soaked ; sob, imperfectly, improperly, badly
bemoan; droop.
bewail, Wet. Damp, moist, rainy, hu-
ANT. Laugh, smile; rejoice, mid; nasty; dank; showery;
be cheerful, enjoy. lively, interesting.
Weight. Heaviness ; pressure, ANT. Dry, parched, thirsty,
burden; importance, influence, arid; plain, unvarnished;
consequence, moment ; ponder- shrewd, sharp, quaint.
ousness, gravity, load, power; Wheedle. Cajole, flatter, entice,
efficacy, impressiveness. coax, inveigle, fawn upon.
ANT. Lightness, levity, vola- ANT. Deter, undeceive, de-
tility; insignificance, triviality, tract, decry; chide, scold, re-
weakness, inefjlcacy, worthless- buke, blame.
ness ;portableness, ease, facility. Whereas. Since, considering;
Weighty. Heavy, ponderous, when in fact, while, although;
burdensome, onerous; forcible, seeing that; inasmuch as.
momentous ; efficacious, impres- Whimsical. Capricious, fanciful,
sive, cogent. queer, strange, freakish, quaint,
ANT. Easy, light, unencum- fantastic.
bered; active, swift ; slight, un- ANT. Staid, serious, softer,
important; frivolous, volatile, matter-of-fact, steady, sedate.
unsettled, giddy. White. Snowy, pale, pallid; un-
Welcome, n. Greeting, saluta- blemished, innocent, pure ; gray,
tion, reception. hoary; fortunate, happy, favor-
ANT. Farewell, adieu, part- able.
ing, good-by, leave-taking; re- ANT. Black, dark, colorless,
pulse, repudiation. negro, sooty, coallike; dismal,
Welcome, a. Grateful, pleasing, gloomy, forbidding, threaten-
gladly entertained, acceptable, ing, sullen, foreboding; impure,
agreeable, gratifying; gratui- sullied.
tous, free. Whole. All, total, complete, en-
ANT. Unwelcome, unpleas- tire, undivided, uninjured, un-
ant, disagreeable, unacceptable. broken unimpaired, integral ;
;

Welfare. Prosperity, happiness, sound, perfect, faultless, strong,

well-being, enjoyment, success, well, healthy.
weal, advantage, benefit, profit, ANT. Partial, imperfect, un-
luck, thrift. sound, ill, sick; divided, frac-
ANT. Adversity, misfortune, tional.
reverses, failure, ill luck, un- Wholesome. Salubrious, salu-
happiness. tary, healthy, healthful, nour-
[ 285 ]
who]
ishing, nutritious, strengthen-
ing, invigorating; beneficial,
good; fresh, sound, uncorrupt.
ANT. Detrimental, deleteri-
ous, prejudicial, hurtful, perni-
cious, noxious.
Wholly. Entirely, completely,
perfectly, totally, fully, alto-
gether, utterly.
ANT. Partially, imperfectly,
incompletely, separately,
part.
Wicked. Sinful, criminal, guilty,
immoral, ungodly, profane, un-
righteous, atrocious, unholy, vi-
cious, nefarious, heinous, aban-
doned, iniquitous, depraved,
unprincipled, irreverent, vile,
abandoned, bad, evil, unjust,
ill, outrageous, monstrous, vil-
lainous.
ANT. Good, righteous, just,
godly, virtuous, fair, honorable,
unsullied, pious, benevolent, up-
right, reputable, true, excellent.
Wickedness. Crime, sin,
iniquity, depravity, im-
evil,
morality, enormity; badness,
vileness, corruption.
ANT. Goodness, piety, godli-
ness, righteousness, honor, vir-
tue, benevolence.
Wide. Broad, spacious, vast, ex-
tensive, comprehensive, liberal;
remote, distant, far; ample, ex-
panded.
ANT. Narrow, contracted,
confined, cramped, constricted,
limited; bigoted, parsimonious;
close, near.
Wife. Married woman, consort,
spouse, helpmate.
ANT. Sweetheart, maiden;
widow.
Wild, a. Untamed, uncultivated,
undomesticated savage, unciv-
; luctant, averse, backward.
ilized, rude, ferocious; violent,
turbulent; disorderly, crazy,
ungoverned; visionary; unshel-
tered, exposed.
[win
ANT. Tame, domesticated,
cultivated, civilized; populated,
frequented; polite, gentle, re~
fined; rational, orderly, sane,
controlled, sober, collected.
Wile. Trick, snare, artifice, be-
guilement, allurement, strata-
gem, cheat, fraud, imposture,
deceit, deception, contrivance,
device.
in ANT. Artlessness, openness,
candor, straightforwardness.
Wilful. Self-determined, volun-
tary; obstinate, perverse, stub-
born, refractory ; self-willed,
headstrong; wayward; inten-
tional, prepense, preconceived,
premeditated, designed, delib-
erate, purposed.
ANT. Concessive, compliant,
amenable, obedient, docile, man-
ageable; adventitious, acciden-
tal.
Will, n. Choice, determination,
preference, volition; decree, de-
vice, sire, command, purpose ; con-
trol, disposal ; testament reso-
;
lution, decision, self-reliance,
force ; inclination, pleasure, dis-
position; behest, order, direc-
tion.
ANT. Indecision, vacillation,
indeterminateness, indifference;
sensibility, perception.
Will, v. Bequeath, devise, direct;
choose, decide, determine, de-
cree; wish, desire, incline to
have; be willing.
ANT. Die intestate; be indif-
ferent.
Willing. Inclined, consenting,
ready, complying; chosen, de-
sired; disposed, minded, desir-
ous; voluntary.
ANT. Loath, disinclined, re-
Win. Gain, get, procure, earn;
be victorious, prevail; obtain;
acquire, achieve; conquer; suc-
ceed, accomplish.
[ 286 ]
win] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [wit

ANT. Lose, fail of, miss, for- ANT. Despise, dislike; dia-
feit, be deprived or bereaved relish, be averse to, displease.
of. Wit. Ingenuity, humor, satire,
Wind, v. Coil, twine, wreathe, sarcasm, irony, burlesque; in-
twist, turn ; enfold, encircle ; di- tellect, mind, understanding,
rect; insinuate. sense; man of genius or humor;
ANT. Straighten, unravel, penetration, discernment, in-
untwist. sight, acumen facetiousness,
;

Winding. Twisting, circuitous, drollery, waggery, jocularity,

bending, curving, meandering,
flexuous, serpentine, sinuous.
ANT. Straight, rectilinear,
direct, undeviating, unswerving.
Winning. Charming, attractive,
alluring, pleasing, bewitching,
winsome, fascinating, delight-
ful, lovely, captivating, prepos-
sessing, enchanting.
ANT. Repulsive, unpleasing,
repellent, disagreeable, offen-
sive, repugnant, revolting, dis-
gusting, odious.
Wisdom. Judgment, prudence, Witchery.
reason, understanding, sense,
skill, sagacity, attainment, dis-
cernment, depth, discretion, in-
formation, foresight, learning,
profundity, reasonableness, pre-
science, knowledge, insight, ju-
diciousness, erudition, enlight-
sparkle, repartee, joke, playful-
ness, fun, witticism, pleasantry,
banter, jest, raillery.
ANT. Stupidity, inanity, ob-
tuseness, vapidity, dulness,
commonplace, matter-of-fact;
irrationality, platitude; dolt,
dullard; sobriety, solemnity, se-
riousness, gravity, stolidity.
Witchcraft. Sorcery, enchant-
ment, magic, necromancy, con-
juration, incantation, charm,
spell, thaumaturgy.
Sorcery, witchcraft;
fascination, enchantment, spell,
entrancement, ravishment.
ANT. Reality, actuality, dis-
illusionment, bald facts.
With. By, on the side of, by the
help of; attending, accompany-
ing, close against according
; ;

enment. to in contrast with ; upon, im-

;

ANT. Folly, imbecility, stu- mediately after.

pidity, error, foolishness, fatu-
ity, idiocy, absurdity, impru-
dence, indiscretion, miscalcula-
tion, nonsense, misjudgment,
silliness, senselessness.
Wise. Knowing, erudite, wary,
learned, sagacious; crafty; ju-
dicious, discreet; skilled, in-
telligent, rational ; sage, sensi-
ble ; logical ; deep, discerning,
profound, philosophical.
ANT. Senseless, idiotic, ir-
rational; nonsensical, impru-
dent, irrational, indiscreet, ri-
diculous, preposterous, insen-
sate.
Wish, v. Long for, hanker
desire; invoke, imprecate.
Withdraw. Take back, recall,
retire; draw back, remove; re-
cede, depart.
ANT. Offer, afford; produce;
repeat, reiterate, confirm; re~
nor,- furnish, propose, give.
Withhold. Hold back, restrain,
impede, hamper; retain, refuse;
suppress, check, rein in, inhibit,
stint, forbear; detain.
ANT. Let go, give, bestow,
confer; admit, yield; furnish,
allow, provide, permit; encour-
age, embolden, cheer, hearten,
animate.
Within, a. Inside, inwardly, in-
after, ternally, indoors, in the limits
of.

[ 287 ]
wit] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
ANT. Without, outside, out-
wardly, externally, outdoors.
Without, prep. Out of, beyond,
out of the limits of, in the ab-
sence of, in separation from;
independently of; exclusive of,
omitting.
ANT. Within, inside of, in
the limits of, including, embrac-
ing.
"Without, con;'. Unless, except.
Withstand. Oppose, resist, con-
front, thwart, combat, prevent,
contradict.
ANT. Concede, grant, assist,
submit, acquiesce, abet, coun-
tenance, encourage, support.
Witness, n. Attestation, testi-
mony, evidence, proof; one who
attests or is
directly cognizant
of; eye-witness; deponent, cor-
roborator ; spectator, auditor,
voucher.
ANT. Belief, hearsay, rumor,
report ; invalidation, refutation.
Witty. Acute, sharp, smart, fa-
cetious, arch, keen, amusing,
humorous, satirical, taunting,
ironical.
ANT. Dull, stupid, obtuse,
dry, prosaic, prosy, tiresome, te-
dious, serious.
Woe. Grief, sorrow, misery, ca-
lamity; curse, malediction; dis-
consolateness, tribulation, mel-
ancholy, agony, depression, un-
happiness.
ANT. Joy, delight, pleasure,
prosperity, enjoyment, bliss, fe-
licity, welfare, cheerfulness,
merriment.
Woful. Sorrowful, distressed,
wretched, afflicted, unhappy,
sad; paltry, poor, piteous, dis-
consolate, miserable, burdened,
troubled.
ANT. Joyous, light-hearted,
cheerful, merry, rejoiced, glad,
delighted, gay, blessed.
Womanhood. Muliebrity, ma-
288
[wor
turity in woman, feminality;
womanliness ; woman, woman-
kind.
ANT. Manhood, manliness,
masculinity; man, mankind.
Womanish. Effeminate, weak,
foolishly feminine.
ANT. Mannish, aping a man,
foolishly masculine.
Womanly. Becoming a woman,
feminine, delicate, refined.
ANT. Manly, strong, virile,
becoming a man.
Wonder, n. Astonishment, ad-
miration, amazement, surprise,
awe, bewilderment, curiosity;
portent, miracle, prodigy, mar-
vel; phenomenon, sight, rarity,
spectacle.
ANT. Expectation, anticipa-
tion; familiarity, apathy, in-
difference; foreknowledge, pre-
science; ennui; satiety; plati-
tude, truism, commonplace.
Wonderful. Amazing, astonish'
ing, marvelous, surprising, im-
probable, strange, incredulous;
startling, awesome, portentous,
extraordinary, prodigious, won-
drous.
ANT. Commonplace, famil-
iar, expected,ordinary, wonted,
hackneyed, customary, habitual.
Wonted. Accustomed, usual, ha-
bitual, customary, habituated,
used, conventional, regular, fre-
quent, common.
ANT. Exceptional, unusual,
unused, unconventional, infre-
quent, irregular.
Wood. Forest, grove, thicket;
timber, trees; copse, woodland,
forestland.
ANT. Open, prairie, clear-
ing.
Word. Term, expression, ac-
cents, tongue, vocable ; account,
tidinga, message ; statement,
declaration, affirmation, prom-
ise; (pi.) contention, dispute,
]
wor] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [wor

wrangling, altercation; speech, ANT. Heaven; atom, indi-

talk, discourse, language. vidual.
ANT. Idea, conception, sug- Worldly. Human, common ; sec-
gestion; sentence, unit of com- ular, temporal; mundane, ter-
position, paragraph. restrial, earthly; fleshly, car-
Work, n. Exertion, activity, ef- nal; universal; sublunary; sor-
fort, toil, employment, labor; did, selfish, ambitious, earth-
business, duty; product, fabric, born, groveling.
production, performance, man- ANT. Spiritual, ethereal, ce-
ufacture; act, deed, service, re- lestial,heavenly, lunar, solar;
sult, effect, achievement, feat; incorporeal, ghostly; ideal, ab-
composition, structure ; man- stract, mental, intellectual; sa-
agement, treatment, operation, cred, holy, pure.
issue, fruit; occupation; ac-' Worry, n. Care, anxiety, fret,
tion. drudgery. solicitude, torment, vexation,
ANT. Frustration, abortion, trouble, annoyance, plague, dis-
hodge-podge; failure, deficiency, quiet perplexity, concern, fear,
;

defect, fault; miscarriage; rest, apprehension, uneasiness, mis-

inertia, fruitlessness, inopera- giving.
tiveness; inefficiency, futility; ANT. Trust, calm, courage,
repose, relaxation, ease, vaca- serenity, tranquillity, placidr
tion, idleness, leisure, recrea- ity, quiet, ease of mind, reso-
tion. lution, dauntlessness.
Work, v. Exert one's self, labor, Worship, n. Reverence, hom-
be engaged, toil; operate, act, age, adoration, submission, ob-
perform; effect, affect, conduce, sequiousness, honor, abject-
influence; strain; use, utilize; ness.
produce, accomplish prevail
; ANT. Detestation, hatred,
upon, manage, lead; ferment. abhorrence, loathing, disgust,
ANT. Rest, recreate, stop, re- antipathy, assertion, defiance,
pose, halt, relax, be at ease, challenge.
lie, recline, sleep, slumber; fail, Worship, v. Adore, reverence,
miscarry, be wanting, lapse. revere, idolize, respect, defer,
Workman. Worker, artificer, la- venerate, deify, honor, exalt.
borer, artisan, mechanic, opera- ANT. Defy, dare; abhor, de~
tive,craftsman; toiler, hand; test, hate, disdain, abominate,
master. contemn, loathe.
ANT. Employer, superinten- Worth. Desert, merit, excel-
dent, inspector, supervisor, di- lence; price, rate; value, qual-
rector, overseer. ity, equivalence ; virtue, char-
Workmanship. Handicraft, ex- acter, worthiness, integrity;
ecution, skill, art, manipula- credit, cost, estimate.
tion,handiwork. ANT. Demerit, worthless-
ANT. Bungling, botching. i*ess,cheapness, uselessness, fu-
World. Earth, universe, crea- tility, poverty.
tion; affairs, interests, life, ac- Worthless. Undeserving, use-
tion, occupation ; inhabitants, less, valueless, vile, mean, mis-
people, mankind ; globe, cosmos, erable, poor, wretched, abject,
planet, nature; public, society, unworthy, ignoble, abandoned,
human race. depraved; refuse, waste.
[ 289 ]
worj SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [wry

Airr. Costly, valuable, dear, desolation, perdition, demoli

high-priced, expensive; sump- tion.
tuous, splendid, rich, precious ; ANT. Preservation, conser-
useful, excellent, estimable, vir- vation, saving, protection, *.
tuous, worthy. curity,
Worthy. Valuable, deserving, Wrench, v. Pull, twist, wrest,
estimable, virtuous; suitable, force, strain, sprain; pervert,
adapted, meritorious, exem- distort, wring.
plary, upright, righteous, hon- ANT. Straighten, untwist;
est, honorable. rectify.
ANT. Worthless, valueless, Wretched. Miserable, calami-
ignoble, defective, unsuitable, tous, afflicted, unhappy, de-
Wound, v. Hurt, injure, dam- graded, woful; worthless, pal-
age, harm, cut, stab, rend, lac- try; forlorn, wobegone, com-
erate, pain; annoy, mortify, fortless, distressed shocking,
;

offend. deplorable, depressing, sad;

ANT. Heal, allay, cure, rem- contemptible, mean, pitiful, de-
edy, soothe, repair; appease, based, humiliated.
assuage, comfort, harmo- ANT. Prosperous, flourish-
nize. ing, fortunate, happy, enviable,
Wrap, v. Wind, fold, cover, en- felicitous, successful, thriving;
velop, enfold, involve, conceal, valuable; honored, noble, ex-
hide, muffle. alted.
ANT. Unwind, unfold, lay Wrong, a. Injurious, unjust,
bare, reveal, develop, expose. faulty, detrimental, unfit; im-
Wrath. Fury, ire, resentment, proper, incorrect; mistaken, er-
passion, anger, rage, exasper- roneous; illegal, immoral.
ation, indignation, choler, irri- ANT. Right, upright, law-
tation. ful, equitable, fair, just, be-
ANT. Calmness, control, re- coming, proper, suitable, ap-
straint, composure, placidity, propriate, fit; correct, true, ac-
serenity. tual, real.
Wrathful. Furious, raging, in- Wrought. Worked, elaborated;
dignant, passionate, choleric, performed, done, effected, exe-
ireful, angry, exasperated, in- cuted, produced, manufactured.
censed, irate, wroth, mad, pro- ANT. Rough, crude, coarse,
voked, resentful. raw, unpolished.
ANT. Calm, collected, con- Wry. Twisted, distorted; mis-
trolled, repressed, masterly, re- directed, perverted, wrested ;
strained, good-tempered. askew, contorted, deformed, de-
Wreath. Garland, chaplet, fes- ranged; crooked, awry.
toon, crown, bays, diadem. ANT. Straight, rectilinear,
Wreck, n. Ruins, remains, rub- direct, upright, erect; perpen-
bish, wreckage, debris; havoc, dicular, shapely, comely, sym-
destruction, shipwreck, ruin, metrical, proper, well-formed.

T 290 ]
yaw] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [zea

Yawn. Open wide, gape ; desire, obsequious, attentive, flexible,

be eager. compliant, accommodating.
ANT. Close, shut, engulf. ANT. Defiant, resisting, ob-
Yearly. Annual, happening stinate, firm, stiff, hard, per-
each year, per annum, every verse.
year, year by year. Yoke, n. Bond, chain, link, tie;
ANT. Perennial, everlast- servitude, bondage, vassalage,
ing, evergreen. service, thraldom, subjection,
Yearn. Long, desire, be eager, subservience.
covet, crave, hanker. ANT. Freedom, liberty; au-
ANT. Loathe, revolt, recoil, thority, command.
shudder at, despise. Yoke, v. Couple, conjoin, con-
Yell, v. Cry out, shriek, scream, nect, link; enslave, subjugate.
holler. ANT. Dissever, divorce, dis-
ANT. Keep silence, subdue, connect, liberate, release, man-
silence. umit, enfranchise.
Yet. Besides, nevertheless, not- Young. Juvenile, immature ; in-
withstanding, however, still, experienced, innocent, igno-
eventually, ultimately, at last, rant; youthful, boyish, girlish,
BO far, thus far, hitherto, at childlike.
present; over and above; fur- ANT. Old, mature, adult;
ther; now. experienced, knowing; senile,
Yield. Furnish, produce, afford, aged, decrepit, venerable; an-
bear, render; relinquish, give .
tique, antiquated, obsolete; su-
in, let go, forego; accede, ac- perannuated.
quiesce; resign, surrender, con- Youth. Adolescence, childhood,
cede, allow, grant, submit, suc- infancy ; youthfulness, juve-
cumb; comply, consent, agree. nility; minority; lad, boy, girl,
ANT. Withdraw, withhold, youngster.
retain, deny, refuse, vindicate, ANT. Age, senility, maturity.
assert, claim, disallow, appro- Youthful. Puerile, juvenile, im-
priate, resist, dissent, protest, mature, young, fresh, vigorous,
struggle, strive. unripe, callow, childish, boyish,
Yielding. Conceding, produc- childlike, girlish, adolescent.
ing, surrendering, supple, pli- ANT. Mature, adult, full-
ant, submissive, unresisting, grown, ripe, ripened.

Zeal. Ardor, eagerness, earnest- Zealot. Partisan, bigot, enthusi-

ness, fervor, enthusiasm, en- ast, fanatic, devotee, visionary,
ergy, feeling, devotion, inten- dreamer.
sity, passion, spirit. ANT. Renegade, traitor, de-
ANT. Apathy, indifference, serter; lukewarm person.
coldness, carelessness, sluggish- Zealous. Ardent, anxious, ear-
ness, torpor. nest, enthusiastic, fervid, eager,

[ 291 ]
sen] SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS [zon

steadfast, keen, fervent, de- Zero. Naught, cipher, nothing.

voted, prompt, ready, fiery, pas- ANT. Something, existence,
sionate. creation; infinity.
ANT. Lukewarm, indiffer* Zest. Flavor, appetizer, pleasure,
ent, cold, apathetic, passion- gusto, gust, enjoyment, relish,
less, phlegmatic. sharpener, enhancement, savor,
Zenith. Height, pinnacle, acme, taste, smack, sauce, appetite.
summit, culmination, maxi- ANT. Distaste, disrelish,
mum, apex, top. detriment.
ANT. Nadir, lowest point, Zone. Girdle, belt, girth, cinc-
depth,minimum. ture, band, baldric; region,
Eephyr. West wind, breeze, climate, clime; circuit, circum-
gentle wind. ference; zodiac; orbit.
ANT. Gate, furious wind. ANT. Sphere, universe.

12*2 J
 University of California
SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY
Return this material to the library
from which it was borrowed.

MC'DLD-URL FEB 41989

JUNi4!98S
REC'O LD-UR8

JWU
11989'
UC' SOUTHERN REGIONAL UBRARYFACILrr>

6
A 000116979