THE OTOMOTIF COLLEGE

DAT 2403 Electronic Fuel Injection

Assignment 1

Diploma in Automotive Technology

A Junid
(DAT201509-02102)

30 January 2018
 DAT 2403 Assignment 1 – Adam Junid - DAT201509-02102

Table of Contents
Page
Topic Assignment Questions / Problems...................................................... 2
Answer to Question 1................................................................................... 3
Answer to Question 2…………..................................................................... 8
Answer to Question 3…................................................................................ 9
Answer to Question 4……………..................................................................10

Diploma in Automotive Technology Student Number: DAT201509-02102

30 January 2018 Page 1 of 10
 DAT 2403 Assignment 1 – Adam Junid - DAT201509-02102

Topic Assignment Questions/Problems:

1. List down all the sensors and show their illustration.

What is the function and discuss their operation.

Illustrate how you will check the sensor.

2. List down all the actuators and show their illustration.

What is their function and discuss their operation.

Illustrate how you will check the actuator.

3. What is an ECU? Describe it.

4. What is OBD1 &OBDII? Discuss how it works.

Diploma in Automotive Technology Student Number: DAT201509-02102

30 January 2018 Page 2 of 10
 DAT 2403 Assignment 1 – Adam Junid - DAT201509-02102

1) Sensors, function, operation & test method

Sensor Function Operation Test methods

i) Mass Air Flow (MAF) meter Measures air The amplifier • Check that the MAF is receiving
mass and inputs are 12V
sends balanced
relevant when the
signal to output voltage
ECU is stable.

ECU takes this

reading as
representing a
particular • Check that the MAF earth
steady state terminal is grounded
mass airflow. • Use compressed air to blow
cool air into MAF and check
When airflow that output signal (Vout)
increases/decr increases
eases, the
amplifier
inputs are out
of balance and
this causes the
amplifier to
adjust its
output voltage
to make the
PTC & NTC
thermistors re-
balance the
amplifier
inputs at a
different Vout
representing
the new
airlflow
amount.
ii) Accelerator pedal sensor Measures ECU provides • Check sensor receives 5V and
position of 5V, from which is grounded
accelerator the sensor • Check that signal output varies
pedal and provides a with accelerator spindle
sends prorated rotation, or that signal to ground
relevant voltage value resistance varies with spindle
signal to based on the rotation, e.g.:
ECU position of
where its
rotating stylus
contacts the
semiconductor
carbon tracks

Diploma in Automotive Technology Student Number: DAT201509-02102

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 DAT 2403 Assignment 1 – Adam Junid - DAT201509-02102

iii) Air temperature sensor Senses air ECU provides Test the sensor voltage, e.g.
temperature 5V via a “pull-
and provides up” internal
relevant resistor and
signal to measures the
ECU pro-rated
voltage at the
sensor’s
connection
terminal.

The voltage
measured
represents a
temperature
reading based
on the NTC
sensor’s
resistance /
voltage
characteristic
iv) CKP/CMP inductive sensor Senses Gear teeth / • Check harness voltage supply /
crankshaft / notches along signal / ground connections:
camshaft crankshaft /
rotational camshaft
position diameter
induce a
voltage in the
sensor, which
relays the
signal to the
ECU

• Check signal terminal to earth

resistance against OEM spec:

• Check running engine sensor

pattern using oscilloscope:

Diploma in Automotive Technology Student Number: DAT201509-02102

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 DAT 2403 Assignment 1 – Adam Junid - DAT201509-02102

v) Throttle position sensor Senses Similar to

position of accelerator
throttle valve pedal sensor,
& relays it uses carbon
information tracks and a
to ECU stylus to
prorate a
supplied 5V
from ECU
based on
throttle
position

vi) Knock sensor Senses A piezo-

engine knock ceramic disc
(detonation) produces a
and relays voltage when
signal to it’s bent or
ECU under
mechanical /
sound
pressure

Diploma in Automotive Technology Student Number: DAT201509-02102

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 DAT 2403 Assignment 1 – Adam Junid - DAT201509-02102

vii) Speed sensor Senses Speedometer After connecting/checking voltage

speed of cable spins supply & ground, check that signal
vehicle magnet disc terminal produces a voltage (use
with pie slice AC) when sensor is spun
poles, that
trigger a Hall
sensor. This
results in
signals sent to
ECU
proportional to
vehicle speed

viii) Oxygen sensor Heated type: Heated type: Heated type:

Detects
Heated type: oxygen A voltage is
amount and signal is
provides generated
relevant across
signal to zirconium
ECU dioxide
(contacting
and diffusing
exhaust air)
and platinum
tube
(containing
outside air)

Diploma in Automotive Technology Student Number: DAT201509-02102

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 DAT 2403 Assignment 1 – Adam Junid - DAT201509-02102

Wideband lambda type: Wideband Wideband Wideband lambda type:

lambda type: lambda type:

Provides An amplifier
exact lambda pumps oxygen
value to ECU in either
direction
between
exhaust air
and measuring
chamber
(connected via
capillary tube).
The direction
of the amplifier
output current
is determined
by (a) oxygen
difference
between
measuring
chamber &
exhaust air
and (b) oxygen
difference
between
measuring
chamber and
outside air.
The ECU
monitors this
pumping
action current
which
represents the
real time
lambda value
ix) Manifold Air Pressure (MAP) sensor: Senses air MAP sensor Check voltage supply, ground, and
intake generates a signal output based on OEM
pressure signal that is expected readings for various
which is proportional to pressures:
proportional the amount of
to engine vacuum in the
load. ECU intake
uses this info manifold. The
and intake air engine
temperature computer then
info to uses this
provide information to
correct adjust ignition
fuel/air timing and fuel
mixture enrichment.

Diploma in Automotive Technology Student Number: DAT201509-02102

30 January 2018 Page 7 of 10
 DAT 2403 Assignment 1 – Adam Junid - DAT201509-02102

2) Actuators, function, operation & test method

Actuator Function Operation Test methods

i) Injector Injects An electrical • Test voltage supply terminal –
atomised fuel solenoid to signal terminal resistance
into cylinder releases a against OEM spec:
head pintle to allow
combustion fuel pressure
chambers to spray
through the
pintle nozzle

• Connect oscilloscope to
check waveform:

ii) Idle throttle valve Controls idle ECU provides • Check resistance between +B
speed air duty cycle 12V terminals & Received Signal
flow voltage control Open (RSO) / Received Signal
of valve Closed (RSC) terminals.
opening Compare to OEM spec.
position • Check opening / closing of
valve rotation, e.g.:

Diploma in Automotive Technology Student Number: DAT201509-02102

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 DAT 2403 Assignment 1 – Adam Junid - DAT201509-02102

iii) Ignition coil / Integrated ignition Provides HV Distributor / Test primary & secondary winding
assembly to spark plug electronic resistance:
at correct oscillator and
timing secondary coil
provides HV to
spark plug
based on ECU
timing
knowledge of
CMP and CKP
signals

iv) Throttle valve actuator To control ECU uses duty Check voltage and ground. For a
throttle (e.g. cycle voltage complete function test, a scan tool
cruise pulsing to is needed:
control) control spring-
loaded motor.

3)

Note:
There are other actuator components, e.g. solenoids, solenoid valves,
stepper motors in other systems other than the EFI system

4) What is an ECU? Describe it

An Engine Control Unit (ECU) is a microprocessor that receives engine

sensor signal data, processes it and uses the information to control engine
actuators. In particular, actuators such as fuel injectors, ignitors.

Diploma in Automotive Technology Student Number: DAT201509-02102

30 January 2018 Page 9 of 10
 DAT 2403 Assignment 1 – Adam Junid - DAT201509-02102

4. What is OBD1 &OBDII? Discuss how it works.

The acronym refers to On-Board Diagnostics. Basically, it defines a vehicle’s

capability to diagnose, or report itself. For example, if you have a high-tech
OBD system in your car, and it has a problem, the OBD system will be the
one to self-diagnose, or ‘tell’ the repair technician what is wrong with the
engine.

OBD1 also mostly had diagnostics built into or under the engine dashboard,
e.g. engine trouble warning lights.

OBD2 has more memory, more stored trouble codes, and higher broadband
signal protocols / messaging. It also utilises a scan tool to provide more
diagnostic memory and information.

OBD1 was present in the 1980s. OBD2 started in the early 1990’s, and
provides standardized trouble codes for car owners who experience engine
problems.

OBD2 may also be remotely used through a Bluetooth connection.

Source: http://www.differencebetween.net/object/auto-object/difference-between-obd1-and-obd2/#ixzz4dt9962DX

Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics

Diploma in Automotive Technology Student Number: DAT201509-02102

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