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psi – lb/in2
ksi – 1000 psi or
Pa - (N/m2)
kip/in2
δ = (PL)/(AE) kPa – stress loads (kN/m2)
kip – 1000lb
MPa - yield stress (N/mm2)
1 psi = 6.895 kPa
GPa – stiffness (young’s modulus)
1 ksi = 6.895 MPa
(kN/mm2)
1 lb = 4.449 N
Strain in uniaxial member under load: ε = δ/L or ε = δ/L0 (ε = normal strain no units)
σ = P/A (σ = normal stress Pa or psi)
Hooke’s Law: σ = Eε ε = P/(AE)
Internal Forces and Stresses: δ = Lf – L0 = (PL0)/(AE) Lf = L0[1+P/(AE)]
Shear Stresses:
τ = shear stress
V = shear force
F=V
τ = VA