Problem set in Exergy

1. A piston cylinder device initially contains 2 L of air at 100 KPa and 25oC. Air is now compressed to a
final state of 600 KPa and 150oC. The useful work input is 1.2 KJ. Assuming the surroundings are at
100 KPa and 25oC, determine a.) the exergy of the air at the initial and final states b.) the
minimum work that must be supplied to accomplish this compression process, and c. the second
law efficiency.
2. Refrigerant 134-a at 140 KPa and -10oC is compressed by an adiabatic 0.5KW compressor to an exit
state of 700 KPa and 60oC. neglecting the changes in kinetic and potential energies and assuming
the surroundings to be at 25oC, determine A.) adiabatic efficiency b.) second law
efficiency of the compressor.
3. Carbon dioxide enters a compressor at 100 kPa and 300 K at a rate of 0.2kg/s and exits at 600 Kpa
and 450 K. Determine the power input to the compressor if the process involved no irreversibilities.
Assume the surroundings to be at 25oC.
4. A mass of 5 kg helium undergoes a process from the initial state of 3 m3/kg and 15oC to a final state
of 0.5 m3/kg and 80oC. assuming the surroundings to be at 25oC, determine the increase in the
useful work potential of the helium during the process.
5. A heat engine receives heat from a source at 1500K at a rate of 700 KJ/s, and it rejects the waste
heat to a medium at 320 K. The measured power output of the heat engine is 320 KW, and the
lowest naturally occurring environment temperature is 25oC. determine a. the reversible power
b.) the rate of irreversibility c.) the second law efficiency of this heat engine.

Problem Set in Brayton Cycle

1. Air is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal Brayton cycle that has a pressure ratio of 12, a compressor
inlet temp of 300 K, and a turbine inlet temp of 1000 K. Determine the required mass flowrate of air for a
net power output of 30 MW.. Assume specific heats at room temp.
2. A stationary gas turbine power plant operates on a simple ideal Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid.
The air enters the compressor at 95 KPa and 290 K and the turbine at 760 KPa and 1100 K. Heat is
transferred to air at a rate of 50,000 KJ/s. Determine the power delivered by this plant a.) assuming
constant specific heats at room temp and b.) accounting for the variation of specific heats with temp.
3. A simple ideal Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid has a pressure ratio of 10. The air enters the
compressor at 520 R and the turbine at 2000 R. Accounting for the variation of specific heats with
temperature, determine:
a. Air temperature at the compressor exit b. back work ratio c. thermal efficiency
4. A gas turbine power plant operates on a simple Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid. The air enters
the turbine at 120 psia and 2000 R and leaves at 15 psia and 1200 R. Heat is rejected to the surroundings
at a rate of 6400 BTU/s, and air flows through the cycle at a rate of 40 lbm/s. determine the power output
of the plant. Account for the variation of specific heats with temperature.
5. A gas turbine power plant operates on the simple Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid and delivers
15 MW of power. The minimum and maximum temperature in the cycle are 310 and 900 K, and the
pressure of air at the compressor exit is 8 times the value at the compressor inlet. Determine the mass
flowrate of the air through the cycle. Account for the variation of specific heats with temperature.
Problem Set in Refrigeration Cycle

1. Refrigerant 134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator at 140 kPa and -10oC at a rate of 0.20 m3/min and
leaves at 1 MPa. The refrigerant enters the throttling valve at 0.95 Mpa and 30oC and leaves the evaporator
as saturated vapour at -18oC. determine a. power input to the compressor b. the rate of heat removal
from the refrigerated space
2. Consider a 300 kJ/min refrigeration system that operates on an ideal vapour compression refrigeration cycle
with refrigerant 134a as the working fluid. The refrigerant enters the compressor as saturated vapour at
140 kPa and is compressed to 800 kPa. Determine a. the quality of the refrigerant at the end of throttling
process b. COP c. the power input to the compressor.
3. Air enters the compressor of an ideal gas refrigeration cycle at 40 oF and 10 psia and the turbine at 120oF
and 30 psia. The mass low rate of air through the cycle is 0.5 lbm/s. determine the :
a. Rate of refrigeration b. COP c. net power input
4. A 1 ton vapour compression refrigeration system using R—12 as the refrigerant has the following data for
the cycle:
Evaporating pressure = 123 KPa
Condensing pressure = 600 KPa
Temperature of R-12 entering the throttling valve = 20oC
Temperature of refrigerant leaving the evaporator = -7oC. assuming isentropic compression, determine:
a. The refrigerant flow rate
b. The power required
c. The heat rejected
d. The second law efficiency
5. A refrigeration compressor receives 1.2 m3/min of R-12 at -10oC from the evaporator of a standard vapour-
compression refrigeration system. The condenser pressure is 1.2 MPa. Determine
a. The mass flow rate
b. The power required
c. The tons of refrigeration
d. COP