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size.
4. Wastegate placement
1. Runner Volume
2. Collector Angle
3. Runner Length
4. Wastegate Placement
1. Log Manifold
2. Tubular Manifold
3. Exhaust flow.
4. Detonation Suppression.
The longer the manifold runner length, the more area that
needs to be filled by exhaust gasses to build the pressure
and heat required to spin the turbine of the turbocharger.
Short tube header manifolds, with their small runner areas
are excellent at transferring the energy of the combustion
of fuels in the engine to the turbine. This allows the turbo
to spool several RPM sooner than a long tube manifold.
3. Exhaust flow
Longer tube headers before the turbo allow for more area
before the restriction of the turbine wheel of the turbo.
This added area allows for more expansion and flow of the
hot exhaust gases. This increase in area provides you flow
just like going from a 2” to 3” exhaust ads exhaust area
and gains exhaust flow.
4. Detonation Suppression
The exhaust gas piping system conveys the gas from the outlet of the
turbocharger(s) to the atmosphere. For designing the exhaust piping system,
following important parameters must be observed:
The Exhaust gas from the cylinder unit is sent to exhaust gas receiver where the
fluctuating pressure generated from different cylinders are equalised. From here, the
gases which are at constant pressure are sent to turbocharger where waste heat is
recovered to provide additional scavenge air to engine.
The most important thing to consider while designing the exhaust piping system is
the back pressure on the turbocharger. The back pressure in the exhaust gas
system at specified Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR) of engine depends on the
gas velocity, and it is inversely proportional to the pipe diameter to the 4th power. It
is general ship practice to avoid excessive pressure loss within the exhaust pipes,
the exhaust gas velocity is maintained about 35m/sec to 50m/sec at specified MCR.
The other factors which affect the gas pressure are the installation of EGB, Spark
arrestor etc. in the path of exhaust gas travel.
At the specified MCR of the engine, the total back pressure in the exhaust gas
system after the turbocharger (as indicated by the static pressure measured in the
piping after the turbocharger) must not exceed 350 mm WC (0.035 bar). In order to
have a back pressure margin for the final system, it is recommended at the design
stage to initially use a value of about 300 mm WC (0.030 bar).
https://www.marineinsight.com/main-engine/exhaust-gas-system-of-main-engine-on-ship/
How to build a Turbo
Manifold
Contributed by: Enginebasics.com
STEP 1.
Step 2.
Measure and look for all obstacles that you will have to
avoid while building the manifold. Some fabricators will
actually tack in small wire to show obstructions to avoid. I
usually just construct a design on graph paper showing
how much room I have to work with in building the
manifold.
Step 3.
Begin to lay out the first runner. Remember that your goal
is to make all the runners as equal in length as possible, so
the length of this first runner will decide the length of all
the runners. Try your best to make the runner have as few
bends as possible and to keep the gaps on manifold tight.
Do not fully weld the joint but instead tack them in 2-3
places that are easy to get to if you need to break them
and make some tweaks or changes.
Step 4.
Lay out all other runners keeping a close eye on the length
and bends doing your best to have each runner have the
same amount of bends and length.
Step 5.
Step 6.
Step 7.
Bolt the turbo and wastegate onto the manifold and make
sure everything fits on the engine. Now step back and
admire your work of art.
http://www.enginebasics.com/Advanced%20Engine%20Tuning/Turbo%20manifold%20How%20to.h
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