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Determine lithology.
Quick-look methods.
Cross-plot
Cross plot charts.
charts
Estimate saturation.
Resistivity shale baseline (qualitative).
Archie model (quantitative).
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What we will see
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Bulk volume water (BVW)
Oil
Matrix Porosity
Sw = 25%
BVWWater
= 12.5%
Depends
D d upon surface-to-volume
f t l ratio
ti off pores.
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BVW applications
Swirr = saturation
t ti att which
hi h water
t will
ill nott be
b producible
d ibl ((allll b
bound).
d)
For those formations that actually are at Swirr, BVW values can tell us
something about grain size or pore type
type.
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Bulk volume water
The same factors which cause resistivity to be low also cause BVW
to be too high.
Shaliness.
High porosity.
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Water saturation
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Moveable hydrocarbon index (MHI)
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S w ⎛ R xo R t ⎞ n
MHI = = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
S xo ⎝ Rmf R w ⎠
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Moveable hydrocarbon index (MHI)
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S w ⎛ R xo R t ⎞ n
MHI = = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
S xo ⎝ Rmf R w ⎠
In fresh water-based mud (where Rmf/Rw >> 1), MHI can provide
false indications of moveable hydrocarbon.
y
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Taking MHI one step farther
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S w ⎛ R xo R t ⎞ n
= ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
S xo ⎝ Rmf R w ⎠
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Ratio water saturation (Swr)
0.625
⎛ R xo R t ⎞ exponent expresses average relationship
S wr = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ between Sw and Sxo in permeable rocks
containing moveable hydrocarbon
⎝ Rmf R w ⎠
Same issues as with MHI…
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Tools in our bag
Determine lithology.
Quick-look methods.
Cross-plot
Cross plot charts.
charts
Can
C b be complex
l reservoirs.
i
Low porosity.
Natural fractures (high rates from low Φ).
Multiple (and complex) pore types.
Internal reservoir seals.
Laterologs (Rmf/Rw ≈ 1)
1)…separation
separation tells us two things:
Invasion occurred.
Hydrocarbons
H d b were moved
d during
d i iinvasion.
i
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Watch the separation!
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What about permeability indicators?
Sonic
S i ttools
l are extremely
t l beneficial.
b fi i l
Total – effective = isolated.
Isolated porosity might help explain some high resistivity responses.
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Lithology indicators
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Associate Field Professional – Open Hole
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