Unit 4 – Exponential and Log Functions

Review Problems

Previous Material (could be on test)

Rational exponent rules
Solving radical equations
Simplify complex fractions
Add, subtract, multiply and divide rational expressions
Solving polynomial equations
Composition of Functions [𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) and 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))]
Function transformations
Function notation
Inverse functions
Polynomial division
Fundamental Theorem of Algebra (finding all zeros and writing functions in standard form, given zeros)
Graphs of Polynomial and Rational Functions

n
 1
1. What is the limit of 1   as n approaches infinity?
 n

2. Evaluate without a calculator.

1
a. log 3 9 b. log 10 c. log 6
216

3. Convert between exponential form and logarithm form.

1 1
a. log 27 3 = b. 4 1  c. 10 2  100
3 4

4. Solve for x.
a. log 6 (log 2 x)  1 b. ln( x  2)  1 c. log 4 x  3
 d. ln 𝑥 − ln 3 = 4 e. log 6 ( x  5)  log 6 x  1

f. log 4 (𝑥 − 1) = log 4 (𝑥 − 2) − log 4 (𝑥 + 2)

5. Solve for x . Round your answer to the nearest 3 decimal places, if needed.
1
a. 2x  8 b. 2e x 3  1  4 c. 38 x  27 x d. 2𝑥+1 = 16

6. Use the properties of logarithms to expand the expression as a sum, difference, and/or
constant multiple of logarithms. (Assume all variables are positive.)

5√𝑦 𝑥+3 6
a. log 𝑥2
b. ln 𝑥𝑦
c. ln √𝑡
7. Condense the expression below to the logarithm of a single quantity.
3
a. log 7 (𝑥 + 5) b. 5[ln 𝑥 − ln(𝑥 + 2) − ln(𝑥 − 2)]
2

8. Simplify
a. ln 𝑒 2 b. 𝑥 − 𝑒 ln 1.8 c. 4 − 𝑒 ln(𝑥−2)

9. Graph the function (𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 + 3 . Identify any asymptotes. Describe how it is a transformation of
the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥

10. Graph the function 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 − 3). Identify any asymptotes. Determine the domain. Describe
how it is a transformation of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = ln 𝑥.
11. According to legend, Manhattan Island was purchased in 1626 for trinkets worth $24. If the $24 had
been invested instead at a rate of 6% interest per year, what would be the value of the money in 2010?

12. Suppose you invest $2000 in a savings account with an interest rate of 4%.

a. If the interest is compounded quarterly, find the value of the savings account in 3 years. (Assume
nt
 r
that you don’t take any money out of the account.) Recall that A(t )  A0 1   .
 n

b. Find the value in 3 years if the interest is compounded continuously. Recall that A(t )  A0 e rt

13. The cumulative sales S (in thousands of units) of a cleaning solution after x hundred dollars
are spent on advertising are given by 𝑆 = 20(1 − 𝑒 𝑘𝑥 ). When $450 is spent on advertising,
2500 units are sold. Complete the model by solving for k and use the model to estimate the
number of units that will be sold if advertising expenditures are raised to $650. Round your
answer to the nearest unit.