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INTEGRAL (KALKULUS 2)
1. Integral as Anti-Derivative
Integration is notated ∫ , introduced by Leibniz (1646-1716) from German. The
relationship between Integral andDifferentiation can be written
F’ (x) = dF/dx = f(x) ∫f(x) dx = F(x)
2. Indefinite Integral
Suppose we have :
F(x) = 3x2 + 5x - 7 , then F’(x) = 6x + 5.
F(x) = 3x2 + 5x + 8 , then F’(x) = 6x + 5
F(x) = 3x2 + 5x + c , then F’(x) = 6x + 5
So we have, ∫f(x) dx = F(x) + C, called as an indefinite integral.
C may value 1,2,3, …(indefinite) = constant of integration
f(x) is integrand and F(x) is common integral function.
Example:
1) Find the result of ∫ ( 5x9 – 3x5 + 2xx + x-1 - 5)dx
= 5 x10 – 3 x6 + 2x5/2 + Ln x + C
10 6 5/2
= 5 x – 3 x + 4 x5/2+ Lnx + C
10 6
10 6 5
= 1 x10 – 1 x6 + 4√x5+ Lnx + C
2 2 5
Exercise:
A. Find the result of these integrals !
1. ∫ F(x) dx, where F(x) = …………………………
2. ∫ F(s) ds, where F(s) = …………………………
3. ∫ G(t) dt , where G(t) = …………………………
B. Find function F if the following are given : F’(x) = 6x2 , F(0) = 0
C. Given that F’(x) = 4x-1 and F(3) = 20. Find the F(x) !
D. The slope of tangent of a curve at each point (x,y) is expressed by dy/dx = 3x2 – 6x + 1. If
the curve passes point (2,-3), find its equation !
Solution :
FORMULAS OF INTEGRAL
TRIGONOMETRIC
1). ∫ Sin x dx = - Cos x + C
2). ∫ Cos x dx = Sin x + C
3). ∫ tan x dx = ln | Sec x | + C = - ln | Cos x | + C
4). ∫ Cot x dx = ln | Sin x | + C
5). ∫ Cosec x dx = ln | Cosec x – Cot x | + C = ln | tan x/2 | + C
6). ∫ Sec x dx = ln | Sec x + tan x | + C = ln | tan ( x/2 + λ/2 | + C
7). ∫ Cosec2 x dx = - Cot x + C
8). ∫ Sec2 x dx = tan x + C
9). ∫ Cosec x Cot x dx = - Cosec x + C
10). ∫ Sec x tan x dx = Sec x + C
11). ∫ Sin ax dx = -1/α Cos α x + C
12). ∫ Cos ax dx = 1/a Sin ax + C
13). ∫ Sin (ax + b) dx = 1/-α Cos (α x + b ) + C
14). ∫ Cos( ax + b) dx = 1/α Sin ( αx + b) + C
15). ∫ Sinⁿ x Cos x dx = 1/n+1 Sinn+1 x + C
16). ∫ Cosⁿ x Sin x dx = - 1/n+1 Cosn+1 x + C
NOTES :
Please Remember some importants Formulas to help you find the integral
of Trigonometric functions !
Cos² x +Sin² x = 1
Sin² x = ½ (1 – Cos 2 x )
Cos² x = ½ (1 + Cos 2 x )
1 + tan² x = Sec² x
2 Sin α Cos β = Sin (α + β ) + Sin (α - β )
C) ∫( x4 + 3x )30 ( 4 x3 ) dx
Solution : Suppose U = x4 + 3x
du/dx = 4 x3 + 3
du = 4 x3 + 3 dx
So, ∫ ( x4 + 3x )30 ( 4 x3 ) dx
= ∫ U30 .du
= ∫1/31 U31 + C
= ∫1/31 ( x4 + 3x )31 + C
d) ∫ Cos ( 3x +1). Sin ( 3x + 1 ) dx
Solution : Suppose U = Sin ( 3x + 1 )
du/dx = Cos (3x + 1).3
du = Cos (3x + 1).3 dx
1/3 du = Cos (3x + 1) dx
So, Cos ( 3x +1). Sin ( 3x + 1 ) dx
= ∫ 1/3 du . U
= ∫ U. 1/3 du
= ∫ ½ U2. 1/3 du
= ∫ ½ .1/3 U2 + C
= ∫ 1/6 U2 + C
= ∫ 1/6 Sin2. (3x +1)+ C
2) ∫ 3y dy
√ 2y2 +5
3) ∫ √ (7x+4) dx = …
Posted by Ahmad Adi Setiawan at 11:11 PM
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