5 Work, energy, and power

OCR Physics A Exam-style mark scheme

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1a Work done is force multiplied by the distance moved in It must be clear that there is
the direction of the force. B1 movement in the same
direction as the force is
acting.
1bi Ep of ball  200  10–3  9.81  0.65  1.275 J C1 Mass must be converted to
kg.
1.275
Distance   1.77 m A1
0.72
1 b ii GPE is converted to KE as ball rolls down ramp. B1 Since ramp is smooth all
GPE is converted to KE down
KE is converted into thermal energy as ball slows down
the ramp, which is then used
along the floor. B1
to do work
1ci F  120  cos 34  99.4 N A1 Many students muddle sin
and cos.
1 c ii Work done  120  75  cos 34  7.46  10³ J A1 Only the horizontal
component of T does work on
the trolley.
1 c iii Trolley possesses kinetic energy and will continue to Because it is necessary to
move until this is all dissipated as thermal energy (work use the answer to part i here,
done against F). B1 allow an e.c.f. provided all
working is shown.
1
Ek   80  (0.85)²  28.9 J C1
2
28.9 A1
Extra distance   0.29 m
99.4
Assume F is constant/independent of speed B1
2a Resultant force is a maximum at t  0, it decreases as It is important to mention the
the drag increases with speed. B1 drag increases as v
increases.
It reaches zero after 9 s and remains at this value for the
rest of the time B1 Should see the time at which
drag  driving force.
2b 1000 Must convert km h–1 into m s–1
Convert 28 km h–1 to m s–1: 28   7.78 m s–1 C1 and square the speed after
3600
converting.
1 C1
Max Ek   7.0  10³  7.78²
2
 2.12  105 J A1
2c P Marks will only be scored
P  Fv so F  after substituting the values
v
since the formula is in the
25  1000 data book.
F  C1
 28  1000 
 
 3600 
A1
F  3.2  10 3 N

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 5 Work, energy, and power
OCR Physics A Exam-style mark scheme

Question Answer Marks Guidance

2d
Height gained/second 
Ep gained/second  7.0  10³  9.81  0.271
Extra power required  18.6 kW
28  1000 In 1 s the lorry will travel (28 
sin 2  0.271 C1 000/3600) m up the hill. The
3600
product of this distance
C1
multiplied by sin 2 is the
A1 height gained. Since v and
KE are unchanged, the rate
of increase in GPE is the
increase in power required.

3a Work done  45  9.81  3.2  1.41  10³ J A1 Work done is the same as

the increase in GPE
3b Gain in GPE is same in both methods. It is easier to pull the truck up
the ramp since the tension
KE is zero at start and finish so, assuming ramp is
force in the rope will be less
smooth, the energy used is the same not less. B1
but the distance moved by
If the ramp exerts a frictional force (as is usually the the force increases so that
case) then work must be done against this force as well the work done is the same.
as against gravitational force so more energy is used. B1

4a Upthrust reduces the tension in the thread. B1 The newtonmeter records the
tension in the thread and as
sphere is in equilibrium
TUW
4b 0.75 C1 Must convert weight to mass.
Mass of sphere   0.0765 kg
9.81 T  0 so resultant force is 0.6 
N downwards
0. 6
F  m a gives a   7.85 m s–2 A1
0.0765

4c As sphere falls GPE is converted into thermal energy (in B1 This is an important point to
the sphere and the oil) rather than a gain in KE. note when dealing with
energy changes at terminal
velocity.
5a GPE at B  750  9.81  40  2.94  105 J A1
5b Change in GPE B to D  750  9.81  (40 – 20) Half the GPE is converted to
KE as height is halved.
 1.47  10  J
5 C1

1.47  10 5
v max  C1
 1
   750
2
 19.8 m s 1 A1

5c As carriage moves from B to D friction acts between the Total energy is conserved in
wheels and the track so some GPE is converted to the process but friction does
thermal energy rather than KE. work and produces thermal
B1 energy.
or
Air resistance will reduce KE.

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 5 Work, energy, and power
OCR Physics A Exam-style mark scheme

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5d If the carriage had people in, the mass would increase Δ(m g h)  m g Δh, which is
and this would increase the value of GPE given in part a. B1 converted to KE using
In part b friction is not considered and the maximum 1
velocity would not be changed as a result of increasing B1 m g Δh  m (vmax)2
2
mass.
m cancels leaving:
vmax  (2 g Δh)
5e Useful energy output  11  10³  60  6.6  105 J C1 Must convert time to
seconds. Assuming this is all
6.6  10 5 converted to GPE
Total mass lifted 
 9.81 40 
 1.682  10³ kg C1

Extra mass  1.682  10³ – 750  932 kg C1

Must round down for this
value since fractions of
932 A1 people are not possible.
Extra people   13 people
70
6a Attach a set mass, m, to the motor and switch the motor
on to lift the load.
Mark two points a measured distance, h, apart. B1
Time how long it takes for motor to lift the load
Must suggest a method for
distance h. B1
timing, e.g., stopwatch, or
mg h light gates and data logger.
Mechanical power output  B1
t
6b Repeat steps described in part a with increasing masses
(load). Measure the average wattmeter reading as the
load rises between the points. B1
For each load calculate the efficiency using mechanical
power output/electrical power input  100 B1
Plot a graph of efficiency against mass of load B1
7a work done  force  distance moved in same direction Could be written in standard
force  distance moved symbols
power 
time
B1
power  force  velocity

7bi P 8. 0
From part a: F    1.14 N A1
v 7. 0
7 b ii Total resistive force  1.14 N A1 Since speed of car is
constant driving force  total
resistive force

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 5 Work, energy, and power
OCR Physics A Exam-style mark scheme

Question Answer Marks Guidance

7 b iii mechanical power output It is important to rearrange
Efficiency   100% this equation correctly.
electrical power input
Remember that the input
8 C1 power cannot be less than
0.72 
power input the output power in any
8 system. This often alerts you
power input   11 .1 W A1 to incorrect rearranging.
0.72
7c 2 Students often have difficulty
2 F2  v 2  with ratio problems. It can be
F  v so  
F1  v1  solved using F  k v²
provided initial values are
1  0.12F1   v 2 
2
C1 assumed for F and v. The
F1 v  ratio method is much neater
 1 and can be used in many
C1
 v2  other problems so it is well
   1.12  1.058 worth practising.
 v1 
A1
Hence max speed increases by 5.8%

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