Student Name: Hitesh chavada Subject Name: Organic Chemistry

Student No: 300779164 Section: CH 121-064

Experiment no. 3 : FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

 Objectives:

 To identify a simple liquid by determining its boiling point.

 To Determine the efficiency of fractional distillation.
 To Separate two miscible liquids, by semi-microscale process

 Safety Precautions:
 Wear Laboratory Coat
 Laboratory kit
 Always wear lab coat, proper shoes and safety glasses.
 Do not leave heat source unattended.
 Do not use equipment without instructions.
 The test tubes are hot because they contain hot liquid. Handle with
care. Use a test tube clamp, or a paper towel to handle the hot tubes.
 You will be heating an extremely flammable liquid (ethanol).Have no
open flames in the lab. Any spills will have to be cleaned up
immediately.
 Wash any spills from the skin immediately.
 Never leave heat sources unattended.

 Required Chemicals:
 Acetone
 Water
 Main Equipments and Glassware:
 Thermometer
 Bunsen burner
 Round-bottomed flask(50ml)
 Fractionating column packed with glass beads or some other inert
material
 Graduated cylinder
 Condenser
 Diagram of the Main Apparatus:
 PROCEDURE:-

1) DISTILLATION OF A LIQUID PAIR( WITHOUT FRACTIONATING

COLUMN):-

 Set up a distillation apparatus as shown in the figure using a 50 ml

round-bottomed flask.
 Pour 30 ml of a 50-50 mixture of acetone and water into the distilling
flask.
 Replace the flask normally(receiver) with a 10-25ml graduated
cylinder to facilitate recording of the volume of distillate collected.
 Add several boileezers, arrange the thermometer to bring the
mercury bulb to correct position below the side-arm of the adapter .
 Bring the mixture to a gentle boil.
 Note and record the temperature at which the first drop of distillate
appears.
 Record the temperature every 2 ml until all but 6-8ml of the liquid in
the distillation flask has been distilled.
 Record the volume of the residual liquid in the distilling flask.
 Plot a graph of temperature vs. volume collected.

2) DISTILLATION OF A LIQUID PAIR (WITH FRACTIONATING COLUMN):-

 The apparatus employed for fractional distillation is a modification of

that used for simple distillation.
 Set up a fractional distillation assembly such as that illustrated in the
diagram using 50 ml round-botommed flask ,a fractionating column
packed with glass beads or some other inert material, and a
thermometer.
  Do not permit the thermometer bulb to come into contact with the
packing material of the column.
 Make sure that the bulb is in the correct position below the side-arm
opening of the column.
 For further experiment follow the same procedure as simple
distillation.
 Plot a graph of temperature vs. volume collected.

REFERENCES:-

 Linstromberg/ Baumgarten.(2001). organic experiments-laboratory-

manual
 Fractional distillation, n.d.
fromhttp://library.thinkquest.org/fraction.html