Internet of Things

Introduction
David Wright
dwright@uottawa.ca

Copyright: David Wright 2015, 2016, 2017

Internet of Things, IoT
• What is included in IoT
• Industrial IoT
• Trends in IoT
 Evolution of the Web
1990’s
2000’s
World Wide Web
2010’s
• Static information Web 2.0 By 2020 distributed,
• User-generated dynamic Web of Systems interacting,
data autonomous devices
• Smart buildings/cities will negotiate and
• Smart electricity grid coordinate industrial
• Smart agriculture and commercial
• Smart health care processes.
• Smart manufacturing

Siemens

Source: Siemens, ITAC meeting on IoT, Toronto 2016

 Four Ages of
Automation

Source: The Future X Network, Bell Labs Chapter 11.

Sensors Analytics Actuators

Source: Hitachi, ITAC IoT Meeting Toronto 2016

IoT Applications and Network Technologies

Source: The Future X Network, Bell Labs Chapter 11. LPWA: Low Power Wide Area
RFID: Radio Frequency IDentification
VC Investment
in IoT

Source: The Future X Network,

Bell Labs Chapter 11.
Internet of Things, IoT
• What is included in IoT
• Industrial IoT
• Trends in IoT
Consumer IoT is Growing Fast in Canada …

Source: IDC
… But Enterprise IoT Dominates the Market.

Source: IDC
Enterprise IoT is where the money is.

Source: IDC
Application Areas for IoT
Proprietary Systems for Industrial IoT
• Monitor, analyse and report on performance of multiple pieces of
industrial equipment.
• GE’s Predix is a cloud-based “PaaS” Platform as a Service
• Can be thought of as an operating system on which applications can be built.
• Siemens, HP, Honeywell, Cisco
• Similar systems
Internet of Things, IoT
• What is included in IoT
• Industrial IoT
• Trends in IoT
# IoT Devices International

“Total IoT traffic

exceeded total
human voice
traffic in 2012.”

Source: The Future X Network, Bell Labs Chapter 11.

# IoT Cellular Devices

Source: The Future X Network, Bell Labs Chapter 11.

Portable Device Trends: Global
2014 2019

On this
graph,
M2M
includes
IoT
Mobile Traffic Trends: Global

Discussion
What increases
faster, smart
traffic or the
number of
smart devices?
Wireless Technology Trends: Global Example LPWA
LPWA: Low Power Wide Area applications are
latency-tolerant,
e.g. smart meters,
smart buildings,
street lights, health
monitoring and pet
or personal asset
trackers.
Discussion
What is the relation
between LPWA and
IoT?
IoT Wireless Connections: Global

IoT is shifting
to use more
advanced
wireless
technologies.
Wearable Communication
Devices: Global

Aircraft Heads Up Device, HUD

Wearables: e.g.
smart watches, smart glasses,
heads-up displays (HUDs),
health and fitness trackers,
health monitors, wearable
scanners and navigation
devices, smart clothing.
Can use applications
such as location-based
services and augmented
reality.
Can use networks
such as WiFi or cellular
directly or via Bluetooth to cell
phone
Traffic from Wearables

Discussion
What increases
faster,
wearable
traffic or the
number of
wearable
devices?
Market for IoT: BCG Analysis
• B2B spending on IoT technologies, apps and solutions will reach
€250B ($267B) by 2020.
• By 2020, 50% of IoT spending will be driven by discrete
manufacturing, transportation and logistics, and utilities
• Spending on IoT applications is predicted to generate €60B ($64.1B)
by 2020.
• IoT Analytics spending is predicted to generate €20B ($21.4B) by
2020.
https://www.forbes.com/site
s/louiscolumbus/2017/01/29
/internet-of-things-market-
to-reach-267b-by-
2020/#5f74cc609bd6
IoT Summary
• Sensors input data to Internet for storage/analytics/action
• Industrial IoT dominates the market
• Some of this traffic is wireless
• Rapid growth in IoT devices and even more rapid growth of traffic.
 Class Discussion: Plan an Integrated Transport
System for a City. MaaS: Mobility as a Service in
Helsinki.
Within the City To Another City
Finish government rewrote
• Bus • Bus laws to harmonize all forms of
• Subway • Train transport.
• Personal Car • Personal Car Helsinki aims for no private
• Rental car by the hour • Rental Car by the day cars in the city centre by 2025.
• Rental bicycle • Air https://www.youtube.com/wat
• Taxi or Self driving taxi ch?v=8eAn14KQpp4

Objective: Design a system (cellphone app, sensors, robots) in which a user can say “I want to get from A
to B” and the system gives routes over multiple modes of transport, e.g. low cost option “walk to the bus
stop, take the 97 bus to X, pick up rental bicycle #47 which has been reserved for you,” or fastest option
“a self driving taxi will pick you up in 4 minutes.”
Think About: Make reservations for the customer, so they are sure to arrive on time.
Use sensors, e.g. monitor vehicles and customers with GPS.
Use robots, e.g. self driving car, or locking device to reserve bicycle #47 for this particular customer.
How will you persuade private transport companies, e.g. Uber, to join a system that might send
customers to their competitors.